Brandon Chan Chemistry Homework #4 Page 4 #1-12

September 30, 2012

1. The concept that matter is composed of tiny discrete particles is generally attributed to the Greeks. 2. The first subatomic particle discovered was the electron. 3. According to the law of the conservation of mass, if the products of a reaction have a mass of 64.0 g, then the total mass of the reactants must be equal to 64.0g. 4. The gold-foil experiment led scientists to conclude than an atoms volume is mainly unoccupied. 5. The model of the atom that pictured the atom with electrons stuck randomly throughout the mass of the atom was called wave-mechanical model. 6. After bombarding a gold foil sheet with alpha particles, scientists concluded that atoms mainly consist of empty space. 7. Experimental evidence indicates that the nucleus of an atom contains most of the mass of the atom. 8. Daltons atomic theory states that all the atoms in a compound are identical. 9. Modern theory pictures an electron as a both a wave and a particle. 10. What are the major differences between the plum pudding and planetary models of the atom? The plum pudding model of the atom didn't explain why the electrons weren't attracted to the protons they surrounded. It didn't have a nucleus depicting the nuclear force of the protons and neutrons in the atom (nuclear force allowed the nucleus to stay in one piece; not separate). The gold-foil experiment carried out by Rutherford and proved that an atom must have an inner part of great force (nucleus=nuclear force) did not support Rutherford's own plum pudding model, which didn't have a nucleus. 11. Why did Rutherford conclude that the atom was mostly empty space? He concluded that the atom was mostly empty space because few particles bounced back. 12. What is a major difference between the Rutherford and the wave-mechanical models of the atom? The major difference between the Rutherford and the wave mechanical models of the atom was that the wave mechanical model pictures the atom as having a dense, positively charged nucleus, while the Rutherford model was more of a planetary system.