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Cursul I - Sapt 1-5 Oct 2012 Partea I
Cursul I - Sapt 1-5 Oct 2012 Partea I
Introducere Consideratii generale asupra anatomiei umane: introducere si concepte generale despre filogeneza si ontogeneza Etapele gametogenezei Gametogeneza la barbat. Spermatogeneza Morfologia spermei
Conf. univ. Dr. Gogulescu Nicolae As. Univ. Dr Gogulescu Bogdan Adrian
Bibliografie online
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3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8.
F. Peter Lisowski, Charles E. Oxnard Anatomical Terms And Their Derivation Jeffrey M. Gross, Joseph Fetto, Elaine Rosen Musculoskeletal examination Joseph E Muscolino The Muscle and Bone Palpation Manual Silviu Ga.briel Cioroiu Esential in anatomie Keith L Moore, Anne M. R. Agur, Arthur F Dailley Essential Clinical Anatomy P. H. Abrahamas, R. T. Hutchings, S.C. Marks Jr Atlas de Anatomie a omului Lionel Bender, David Harding, Denis Kennedy, Gordon Lee, Steve Parker, Jamie Stokes - Skeletal and Muscular Systems Evan Matshes, Brent Burbridge, Belinda Sher, Adel Mohamed, Bernard Juurlink Human Osteology & Scheletal Radiology
Bibliografie Anatomie
Benninghoff, A., Anatomie Bd.1 Benninghoff, A., Anatomie Bd.2 Bulling et al., Body Explorer, CDROM Drechsel-Buchheidt, Anatomie GK 1 Faller, A., Krper des Menschen Feneis, H., Anatomisches Bildwrterbuch Lippert, H., Anatomie in Frage und Antwort. Lippert, H. , Leitungsbahnen des Menschen Lippert, H., Lehrbuch Anatomie Lippert. H., Anatomie, Text und Atlas Lippert, H. , Anatomie am Krankenbett MacKinnon, P., Oxford Lehrbuch der klinischen Anatomie Moll, K.J., Anatomie Kurzlehrbuch Netter, Frank H., Atlas der Anatomie Rauber/Kopsch, Bewegungsapparat, Anatomie des Menschen Speckmann von,E., Bau und Funktion des menschlichen Krpers, Sobotta, J., Atlas der Anatomie, Bd. 1, Kopf, Hals, obere Extremitten, Sobotta, J., Atlas der Anatomie, Bd. 2, Rumpf, Eingeweide, untere Extremit. Sobotta, J., Spielend durch die Anatomie 1, Lernkarten, Knochen, Bnder, Gelenke Sobotta, J., Spielend durch die Anatomie 2, Lernkarten, Muskeln Waldeyer, A., Anatomie des Menschen Bd. 1, Waldeyer, A., Anatomie des Menschen Bd. 2,
Bibliografie Embriologie
Drews, U. Taschenatlas der Embryologie Larsen, W.J. Human Embryology Moore, K. Grundlagen der medizin. Embryologie Moore, K. Embryology Sadler/Langmann Medizinische Embryologie Sinowatz Embryologie des Menschen Sobotta, J. Spielend durch die Anatomie 5, Lernkarten, Embryologie,
Hippocrate
Orientare
Orientare Localizare Directionare
Vederi
Dermatoame
A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve. There are eight cervical nerves (C1 being an exception with no dermatome), twelve thoracic nerves, five lumbar nerves and five sacral nerves. Each of these nerves relays sensation (including pain) from a particular region of skin to the brain. Along the thorax and abdomen the dermatomes are like a stack of discs forming a human, each supplied by a different spinal nerve. Along the arms and the legs, the pattern is different: the dermatomes run longitudinally along the limbs. Although the general pattern is similar in all people, the precise areas of innervation are as unique to an individual as fingerprints. A similar area innervated by peripheral nerves is called a peripheral nerve field.
Teritoriu cutanat deservit de un singur nerv spinal Primul nerv cervical nu are teritoriu cutanat 8 nervi cervicali 12 nervi toracali 5nervi lombari 5 nervi sacrali
Dermatoame
SCHELETUL
PARI SCHELET
STRUCTURA OASELOR
Periost-foi conjunctiv Os cortical (compact) Os trabecular (spongios) Canal medular Mduv (rosie si galben) Vene Artere
CARACTERISTICILE OSULUI
Structura compozita ordonata: matricea osoas = rezisten la compresiune Fibrele = rezisten la traciune
Orientarea trabeculelor pe direcia efortului maxim
Structura usoara si rezistent: Egal ca rezistena la indoire a stejarului Egala ca rezistena la traciune a otelului (o treime din greutatea acestuia) Osul lung = str. macro si micro tubular
Tesutul Osos
Coninut
Substana fundamental Cristale de hidroxiapatita Fibre de colagen
Organizare:
Lamele osoase formate din sistem tubular haversian
Celulele osoase
Osteoblaste: celule tinere, formatoare de os Osteocitele: celule mature, de form ovoid, Osteoclaste: celule mari, de form ovoid, polinucleate, sunt elemente osteoclazice si osteolitice
OS SPONGIOS
aspect buretos: spaii delimitate de perei (osoi) numii trabecule, alcatutidin lamele osoase de tesut osos haversian
OS CORTICAL
esut osos haversian aflat n lamelele osoase din corticalele oaselor (lungi, late i scurte)
MDUVA OSOAS
Tip:
Rosie Galben-cenusie
Rol:
Hematogen (maduva rosie din osul copilului si epifizele adultului) De sustinere umplerea cavitatii (maduva galbencenusie din diafizele adultului)
PATOLOGIE OSOASA
FRACTURILE I CONSOLIDAREA LOR
TIPURI DE FRACTURI
Fractura transversala Fractura cominutiva Fractura spiroida Fractura in lemn verde
VINDECAREA FRACTURILOR
FIXARE INTERN
ARTICULAIILE
IMAGINE MICROSCOPIC
CELULE CARTILAGINOASE
Condroblaste Condrocite
MATRICEA CARTILAGINOAS
Proteoglicani Fibre colagene
Centuri si membre
Preluare
Centura scapulara
Preluare
Preluare
TIPURI DE ARTICULAII
SINARTROZELE- realizeaz o continuitate
Sindesmoze- oasele craniului Sincondroze-coloana vertebral Sinostoze-ilon, ischion, pubis-coxalul
DIARTROZELE
realizeaz o discontinuitate
Suprafete articulare Capsula articular Cavitatea articular Lichid sinovial Ligamente
DIARTROZA
Preluare
CINEMATICA OSTEO-ARTICULAR
Gradele de libertate ale unui sistem corespund numrului maxim de micri simple (rotaie sau translaie) pe care acesta le poate efectua n cazul articulaiilor, sunt permise 1-3 grade de libertate, constnd n rotaii n jurul a 1-3 axe.
ARTICULAIA SFERIC
Preluare
ARTICULAIA ELIPSOIDAL
Preluare
ARTICULAIA BALAMA
Preluare
ARTICULAIE SELAR
Preluare
ARTICULAII GLISANTE
Preluare
ARTICULAII PIVOT
Preluare
ENTORSE
Preluare
Preluare
Preluare
GEOMETRIA ARTICULAR
mbinarea a dou suprafee, in general concav cu convexa Articulaiile complexe includ mai multe fee articulare (ex. genunchiul)
Preluare
EVOLUTA
Preluare
CINEMATICA
Preluare
CIMEMATICA ARTICULAIILOR
Preluare
Preluare
OVOIDUL MISCARII
Preluare
DINAMICA LOCOMOTIEI
Inserie aproape de articulaie, cu un unghi > 900 Unghiul dintre segmente este < 900 Inseria musculara este departe de articulaie
Preluare
PRGHII OSOASE
Preluare
Geneza osului
Schita cartilaginoasa Aportul sanguin = motorul osificarii
Osul lung
Epifiza Metafiza Diafiza Corticala Spongie Canal medular Cartilaj hialin
Os lung
Tesut spongios
Osteoporoza
Inchiderea cercului