Dominance and Multiple Allele Notes

Incomplete dominance When the alleles are blended and the offspring have a mix of their parent traits.
ex. Snap Dragons R = red r = white Offspring can be pink!

Heterozygous genotype

Codominance in this case both alleles are expressed. BB= black corn YY= yellow corn BY = black and yellow corn

Incomplete Dominance or Codominance?

Incomplete Dominance or Codominance?

Incomplete or Codominance?

Polygenic Traits
A polygenic trait is determined by multiple genes. (poly=many, genic=genes) Example: eye color and height

Alleles for blood type are: -IA (dominant) -IB (dominant) -i (recessive)

Remember: - Chromosomes occur in pairs. (homologous pairs)

- The different alleles of a gene occupy the same positions on each chromosome

So far each gene we have discussed has been made of two possible alleles.
Ex. B = blue b= yellow R = red r = white

However, it is possible to have several different allele possibilities for one gene. Multiple alleles is when there are more than two allele possibilities for a gene.

In traits with multiple alleles, each individual can carry any two of the several possible alleles.
Ex. BLOOD TYPE

The gene for blood type has 3 possible alleles. IA, IB, and i

In this case both A and B are dominant to O (recessive). A and B are codominant (both expressed)
So... there are four human blood types
Genotype Phenotype

IAIA, IAi
IBIB, IBi IAIB ii

Blood type A
Blood type B Blood type AB Blood Type O

Practice Problems: 1. A mother is AB and a father is O. Draw the punnett square. IA IB i i

What is the probability their offspring will have A type blood? ____
Can they have an offspring with O blood? ____

2. A mother is IAi and a father is IB IB. Draw the punnett square.

What is the probability their offspring will have B type blood? Can they have an offspring with O blood?

3. If a child has AB blood which of the following could NOT be the parents? a) ii, IAIB b) IAi, IBIB c) IBIB, IAIA d) IAi, IBi