REQUIREMENTS OF ATM

CAPABLE OF RECEIVING, STORING, PROCESSING, DISPLAYING AND DISSEMINATION

ENCOMPASS ALL CONVENTIONAL ELEMENTS OF ATS PLUS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS

DEVELOPMENTS
ATM - ACHIEVED BY
AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES
CONTROLLER PILOT DATA LINK (CPDL)

AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT

AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE (ADS)

ADVANTAGES
EFFICIENT USE OF AIRSPACE IMPROVED INFORMATION EXCHANGE ACCOMMODATION OF PREFERRED PROFILE SAFER FLYING IMPROVED ACCURACY

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
PH-I : TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION
PH-II : INITIAL EXPERIMENTAL PHASE PH-III : FINAL OPERATIONAL PHASE

HISTORY
1970 : CANADA SCIENTISTS PROOVE TECHNOLOGY 1975 : CANADA PREPARES A SARSAT PLAN 1977:USA & FRANCE JOIN IN 1980:USSR JOINS IN AND A JOINT PROJECT COSPAS-SARSAT EVOLVES SUBSEQUENTLY: FOUR SATELLITES (2 BY RUSSIA) ARE LAUNCHED.

LIMITATIONS
THE DISTRESS SIGNAL REQUIRES MONITORING EXISTING SYSTEM IS ON VHF BAND AND HAS TO INITIALLY COMMUNICATE ON THE FREQ IN USE BEING A VHF COMMUNICATION, LINE OF SIGHT RESTRICTS RANGE IN HF BAND THE STATIC EFFECT AND POOR DIRECTIONAL STABILITY RESTRICTS ITS USE VHF BEING A LINE OF SIGHT TERRAIN CAUSES OBSTRUCTION

BASIC PRINCIPLE
1. SARSAT LOCATES BEACON IN DISTRESS, ON LAND, SEA OR AIR , BY USE OF NEAR POLAR ORBITING SATELLITES AT AN ALTITUDE OF 1000 KMs, WITH A NETWORK OF GROUND STATIONS.

2. THE RELATIVE VELOCITY BETWEEN THE SATELLITE AND THE BEACON CARRIED BY THE VEHICLE IN DISTRESS, CREATES A DOPPLER SHIFT THAT DETERMINES THE BEACON LOCATION.
3. THE BEACON LOCATION IS COMMUNICATED TO SAR FORCES BY THE GROUND STATIONS.

RESOLUTION BY DOPPLER SHIFT

BEACON AT LESSER CHLONG

BEACON CLOSEST TO SATELLITE

BEACON VERTICALLY BELOW SATELLITE DOPPLER SHIFT fd

fd=VCos . f /c
TIME

RESOLUTION BY DOPPLER SHIFT

SINCE THE ONLY DIFFERENCE IN THREE CURVES IS THEIR SLOPE, TAKING CURVE OF BEACON VERTICALLY BELOW THE SATELLITE, AS A REFERENCE, SLOPES OF OTHER BEACON CURVES GIVE A DIRECT INDICATION OF CHLONG OF THE BEACONS.

SYSTEM COMPONENTS
EMERGENCY BEACON : BATTERY OPERATED, 24 HRS
CONTINUOUS OPERATION TEMPERATURE. AT MIN SPECIFIED

METHOD OF ACTIVATION

ELT : EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER CARRIED BY ACs , ACTIVATED BY IMPACT ON CRASH. EPIRB : EMERGENCY POSITION INDICATING RADIO BEACON CARRIED BY SHIPS , ACTIVATED ON FLOATATION.

SYSTEM COMPONENTS
FOUR POLAR SATELLITES ALTITUDE COUNTRIES 1000KMs CANADA, USA, FRANCE ( 1975) & USSR- ( 1980 ) (COSPAS SARSAT )

SARSAT LUTs LOCAL USER TERMINALS RECEIVE THE SATELLITE SIGNAL, PROCESS & COMPUTE THE EMERGENCY BEACON POSITION, FOR ONWARD PASSING TO THE MASTER CONTROL CENTRE.

SYSTEM COMPONENTS
OTHER GROUND STATIONS MCCs - MASTER CONTROL CENTRES RCCs - RESCUE COORDINATION CENTRES. SAR FORCES - AIR, SEA & LAND FORCES DESIGNATED BY APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY FOR RESCUE OPERATIONS, BOTH CIVILIAN & MILITARY.

FREQUENCIES USED : 121.5 MHz, 243 MHz. GRADUAL CHANGE OVER TO 406.025 MHz IN THE DISTRESS BAND OF 406- 406.1 MHz - HAS DIGITAL MODULATION FOR BEACON IDENTITY.

SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS

LUT MCC RCC

ELT /

EPIRB SAR

LIMITATIONS
A PERIOD OF TIME VARYING BETWEEN 1-2 HRS, WHEN NO SATELLITE WILL BE IN FIELD OF VIEW OF AN ELT / EPIRB. USE OF A GEO- STATIONARY SATELLITE WILL ENSURE CONTINUOUS COVERAGE, BUT NO DOPPLER INFORMATION. USE OF 406 MHz DISTRESS BEACONS DIGITAL MODULATION CAN PROVIDE BEACON IDENTITY.

SARSAT NETWORK IN INDIA

SAR SERVICES IN INDIA ARE ORGANISED BY AAI IN ACCORDANCE TO ICAO ANNEX -12 ,IN COLLABORATION WITH THE MoD. IT IS MoDS RESPONSIBILITY TO MAKE NECESSARY FACILITIES AVAILABLE. 05 SAR REGIONS WHOSE BOUNDARIES COINCIDE WITH FIR BOUNDARIES. A RCC EACH FOR EACH SAR REGION IS ESTABLISHED AT FICs DELHI, CHENNAI, CALCUTTA, GUWAHTI & MUMBAI.

SARSAT NETWORK IN INDIA

A RESCUE SUB CENTRE EACH AT COCHIN (CHENNAI FIR ) AND UDHAMPUR ( DELHI FIR )

LUTs ARE AT BANGALORE AND LUCKNOW MCC, CO-LOCATED WITH LUT AT BANGALORE.
MCC PASSES INFO TO RELEVANT FIR & TRANSMITS TO RCC AUTOMATICALLY BY TELEX. IAF RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCT OF SAR OPS FOR MILITARY AC BESIDES BEING PART OF OVERALL SAR OPS FOR THE NATION.

THANKYOU