Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Formulated by
Prof. Mallikarjuna GS
Assoc. Prof.
Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engg.
City Engineering College.
MICROPROCESSOR LAB
Subject Code
IA Marks
: 25
Exam Hours
: 03
Exam Marks
: 50
I.
: 10ECL68
Programs Involving
1
1.2
1.3
Block interchange
2.2
2.3
2.4
Code conversions
2.5
3.2
3.3
3.4
2 out 5 code
3.5
4.2
Near and Far Conditional and Unconditional jumps, Calls and Returns
Programs on String manipulation like string transfer, string reversing, searching for a
string, etc.
note: programs to use DOS interrupt INT 21H function calls for reading a character from
keyboard, buffered keyboard input, display of character/ string on console
II.
b.
c.
d.
III.
a.
b.
PC to PC Communication
-a-
CONTENTS
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
3.2.
3.3.
Write an ALP to find logical ones and zeros in a given data ..................................................19
3.4.
Write an ALP to find whether the given code belongs 2 out of 5 code or not .........................20
Write an ALP to find largest no. from the given array ............................................................23
4.2.
4.3.
Write an ALP to sort a given set of 16bit unsigned integers into ascending order
using bubble sort algorithm .....................................................................................................25
5.1.
5.2.
6.1.
6.2.
7.1.
7.2.
Write an ALP to read buffered input from the keyboard using dos interrupts ........................30
7.3.
7.4.
8.1.
Scan 4*4 keyboard for key closure and display the corresponding key code .........................32
8.2.
Program for Seven segment LED display through 8255 (PCI based) .....................................34
8.3.A. Reads status of 8 input from the logic controller interface and display complement of
input on the same interface "AND logic gate" .........................................................................35
8.3.B. Reads status of 8 input from the logic controller interface and display complement of
input on the same interface "Ring Counter" ............................................................................36
8.4.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/125087774/10ECL68-Microprocessor-Lab-Manual
ii
.BAK
EDIT
.ASM (Source Code)
.LST
ASSEMBLER
.OBJ (Object code)
YES
ERRORS?
NO
Lib
LINKER
.EXE (Executable file)
DEBUGGER
DONE
iv
D-DUMP
Format: D seg: offset [offset] D seg: offset L byte count
Action: Displays the numeric constants of memory locations and their characters
equivalents (if any)
N-Name the program
Format: N <filename>
Action: Name the program
W-Write the file to disk
Format: W
Action: Bytes the starting from the memory location whose address is provided by IP
addresses and written as a .COM file to the disk. The number of bytes that are to be stored is
indicated by the contents of the CX Register. The name of the file is to be specified by means of the
N command prior to executing the W command.
R-Register
Format: R <register file name>
Action: The contents of register are displayed additionally, the register content can
replace by the value entered by the user. If no register name is provided, the contents of all the
register are displayed
A-Assemble
Format: A<CS: offset>
Action: This command allows us to enter the assembler mnemonics directly.
U- Unassemble
Format: U<CS: offset>
Action: This command lists a program from the memory. The memory start location is
specified by CS: offset.
L-Load
Format: L[address][drive][first sector][number]
Action: Reads sectors from the disk into memory. The memory start address is provided
in the command
E-Enter
Format: E<address> [list]
Action: It enables us to change the contents of the specified memory location.
List is an optional data that has to be entered.
A program can be written and debugged using the following additional techniques.
1. Very carefully define them program to solve the problem in hand and work out the
best algorithm you can.
2. If the program consists of several parts, write, test and debug each part individually
and then include parts one at a time.
3. If a program or program section does not work, first recheck the algorithm to make
sure it really does what you want it to. You might have someone else look at it also.
4. If the algorithm seems correct, check to make sure that you have used the correct
instructions to implement the algorithm. Work out on paper the effect that a series of
instructions will have on some sample data. These predictions on paper can later be
compared with the actual results producer when the program section runs.
v
5. If you dont find a problem in the algorithm or the program instruction use debugger
to help you localize the problem. Use single step or trace for short program sections.
For longer programs use breakpoints. This is often a faster technique to narrow the
source of the problem down to a small region.
Program Development
The first step to develop a program is to know What do I really want this program to do?
As you think about the problem, it is good idea to write down exactly what you want the program to
do and the order in which you want the program to do it. At this point, no program statement is
written but just the operation in general terms.
Flowcharts are graphic shapes to represent different types of program operations. The
specific operation desired is written by means of graphic symbols. Flowcharts are generally used for
simple programs or program sections.
Steps to convert an algorithm to assembly language:
1. Set up and declare the data structure for the algorithm you are working with.
2. Write down the instructions required for initialization at the start of the code section.
3. Determine the instructions required to implement the major actions taken in the
algorithm, and decide how dada must be positioned for these instructions.
4. Insert the instructions required to get the data in correct position.
Assembler Instruction Format
The general format of an assembler instruction is
Label: Opcode & Operand, Mnemonic Operand, Operand; comments
The inclusion of spaces between label Opcode, operands, mnemonics and comments are
arbitrary, except that at least one space must be inserted if no space would lead to anambiguity (e.g..
between the mnemonic and first operand). There can be no spaces within a mnemonic or identifier
and spaces within string constants or comments will be included as space characters. Each statement
in program consists of fields.
Label: It is an identifier that is assigned the address of the first byte of the instruction in
which it appears. The presence of a label in an instruction is optional, but, if present, the label
provides a symbolic name that can be used in branch instruction to branch to the instruction. If there
is no label, then the colon must not be entered. All labels begin with a letter or one of the following
special character: @, $, or?. A label may be any length from 1 to 35 characters. A label appears in
a program to identify the name of memory location for storing data and for other purposes.
Opcode and Operands: The Opcode field is designed to hold the instruction Opcode. To the
right of Opcode field is the operand field, which contains information used by the Opcode.
Mnemonic: All instructions must contain a mnemonic. The mnemonic specifies the operation
to be executed.
Operand: The presence of the operands depends on the instruction. Some instructions have
no operands; some have one operand, and some two. If there are two operands, they are separated by
a comma.
Comments: The comment field is for commenting the program and may contain any
combination of characters. It is optional and if it is deleted the semicolon may also be deleted. A
comment may appear on a line by itself provided that the first character on the line is a semicolon.
vi
Data declaration
Line k .code
; indicates start of code segment
.
..
Program body
Line n End
; End of file
The MODEL directive selects a standard memory model for the assembly language program.
A memory model may be thought of a standard blue print or configuration, which determines the
way segments are linked together. Each memory model has a different set of restrictions as to the
maximum space available for code and data. But the most important thing to know about model is
that they affect the way that subroutines and data may be reached by program.
This table summarizes the different types of models.
Model
Tiny
Small
Medium
Compact
Large
Huge
A program running under DOS is divided into 3 primary segments (point to by CS) contains
program code; the data segment (pointed to by DS) contains the program variables, the stack
segment (pointed to by SS) contains the program stack.
" .DATA" directive (line 2) indicates the start of the data segment. It contains the program
variables.
" .CODE" directive (line k) indicates the start of the code segment. The end directive
(line n) indicates the end of the program file.
Another program construct for 8086/8088
DATA-HERE
SEGMENT
......
......
Data declaration
DATA-HERE ENDS
CODE-HERE SEGMENT
ASSUME CS: CODE-HERE, DS: DATA-HERE
......
......
Body of the program
CODE-HERE ENDS
END
vii
User can use code view to debug the program by following the steps given below:
Write the program in a file with .ASM extension using an editor
[PRETEXT Editor which saves it in ASCII].
Ex: EDIT TEST1.ASM
Assemble the program using the command
MASM/ZI file name;
Ex: MASM TEST1.ASM
Link the program using the command
LINK/CO file name;
Ex: LINK TEST1.OBJ
To debug use
AFDEBUG file name;
Ex: AFDEBUG TEST1.EXE
AFDEBUG SCREEN
F1 Step by step, F2 Step by Procedure, F4 - Help
CMD > MO A ON
Switch between DOS screen and AFDEBUG screen using F6
Note: F1, F2, F4, F6 are Function Keys in Keyboard
All the command of debug can be used to display the program. You have an advantage to see
the result of the program typing the variable name, instead of using dump command. The variable
name is provided using "?".
viii
2013
MICROPROCESSOR
GSM, RCVK
2013
AFTER EXECUTION
===============
AX 4C9F
SI 0012
CS 159E
IP 0016
Stack +0 9FB8
FLAGS 3200
BX 0000
DI 001C
DS 159F
+2 8E15
CX 0000
BP 0000
ES 159F
HS 158E
+4 8ED8
OF DF IF SF ZF AF PF CF
DX 0000
SP 0000
SS 159E
FS 158E
+6 BEC0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------CMD >
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+------------------------------------------- DS:0000
00 FC F3 A4 B4 4C CD 21
0014 B44C
MOV
AH,4C
DS:0008
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
0016 CD21
INT
21
DS:0010
09 0A 01 02 03 04 05 06
0018 0102
ADD
[BP+SI],AX
DS:0018
07 08 09 0A 0A 00 00 00
001A 0304
ADD
AX,[SI]
DS:0020
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
001C 050607
ADD
AX,0706
DS:0028
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
001F 0809
OR
[BX+DI],CL
DS:0030
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0021 0A01
OR
AL,[BX+DI]
DS:0038
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0023 0203
ADD
AL,[BP+DI]
DS:0040
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0025 0405
ADD
AL,05
DS:0048
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 A B C D E F
DS:0000
00 FC F3 A4 B4 4C CD 21
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 .....L.! ........
DS:0010
09 0A 01 02 03 04 05 06
07 08 09 0A 0A 00 00 00 ........ ........
DS:0020
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ ........
DS:0030
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ ........
DS:0040
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ ........
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
GSM, RCVK
2013
2
CD
0A
00
00
00
3
21
00
00
00
00
4
01
00
00
00
00
5
02
00
00
00
00
6
03
00
00
00
00
7
04
00
00
00
00
8
05
00
00
00
00
9
01
00
00
00
00
A
02
00
00
00
00
B
03
00
00
00
00
C
04
00
00
00
00
D
05
00
00
00
00
E
06
00
00
00
00
F
07
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
GSM, RCVK
2013
2
08
00
00
00
00
3
09
00
00
00
00
4
0A
00
00
00
00
5
10
00
00
00
00
6
20
00
00
00
00
7
30
00
00
00
00
8
40
00
00
00
00
9
50
00
00
00
00
A
00
00
00
00
00
B
00
00
00
00
00
C
00
00
00
00
00
D
00
00
00
00
00
E
00
00
00
00
00
F
00
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
GSM, RCVK
2013
2
66
CC
00
00
00
3
55
AA
00
00
00
4
44
88
00
00
00
5
33
66
00
00
00
6
22
44
00
00
00
7
01
02
00
00
00
8
88
00
00
00
00
9
77
00
00
00
00
A
66
00
00
00
00
B
55
00
00
00
00
C
44
00
00
00
00
D
33
00
00
00
00
E
22
00
00
00
00
F
01
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
GSM, RCVK
2013
2
F2
11
00
00
00
3
B4
11
00
00
00
4
4C
11
00
00
00
5
CD
11
00
00
00
6
21
11
00
00
00
7
00
01
00
00
00
8
88
77
00
00
00
9
77
66
00
00
00
A
66
55
00
00
00
B
55
44
00
00
00
C
44
33
00
00
00
D
33
22
00
00
00
E
22
11
00
00
00
F
01
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
GSM, RCVK
2013
MICROPROCESSOR
GSM, RCVK
2013
MICROPROCESSOR
GSM, RCVK
2013
2
4C
00
00
00
00
3
CD
00
00
00
00
4
21
00
00
00
00
5
00
00
00
00
00
6
34
00
00
00
00
7
39
00
00
00
00
8
36
00
00
00
00
9
33
00
00
00
00
A
00
00
00
00
00
B
00
00
00
00
00
C
00
00
00
00
00
D
00
00
00
00
00
E
00
00
00
00
00
F
00
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
GSM, RCVK
2013
;2.4.A. DEVELOP AND EXECUTE AND ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAM TO PERFORM THE
CONVERSION FROM BCD TO BINARY
.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
BCD_INPUT DB 61H
IN_VALUE DB (?)
.CODE
MOV AX, @DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AL, BCD_INPUT
MOV BL, AL
AND BL, 0FH
AND AL, 0F0H
MOV CL, 04H
ROR AL, CL
MOV BH, 0AH
MUL BH
ADD AL, BL
MOV IN_VALUE, AL
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
END
; BCD NUMBER
=================================================================================
OUTPUT:
BEFORE EXECUTION
================
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 A B C D E F
DS:0000
61 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0010
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0020
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0030
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0040
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
AFTER EXECUTION
===============
0 1
DS:0000
61 3D
DS:0010
00 00
DS:0020
00 00
DS:0030
00 00
DS:0040
00 00
2
00
00
00
00
00
3
00
00
00
00
00
4
00
00
00
00
00
5
00
00
00
00
00
6
00
00
00
00
00
7
00
00
00
00
00
8
00
00
00
00
00
9
00
00
00
00
00
A
00
00
00
00
00
B
00
00
00
00
00
C
00
00
00
00
00
D
00
00
00
00
00
E
00
00
00
00
00
F
00
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
10
GSM, RCVK
2013
2
FF
00
00
00
00
3
55
00
00
00
00
4
02
00
00
00
00
5
00
00
00
00
00
6
00
00
00
00
00
7
00
00
00
00
00
8
00
00
00
00
00
9
00
00
00
00
00
A
00
00
00
00
00
B
00
00
00
00
00
C
00
00
00
00
00
D
00
00
00
00
00
E
00
00
00
00
00
F
00
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
11
GSM, RCVK
2013
2
08
00
00
00
00
3
40
00
00
00
00
4
00
00
00
00
00
5
00
00
00
00
00
6
00
00
00
00
00
7
00
00
00
00
00
8
00
00
00
00
00
9
00
00
00
00
00
A
00
00
00
00
00
B
00
00
00
00
00
C
00
00
00
00
00
D
00
00
00
00
00
E
00
00
00
00
00
F
00
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
12
GSM, RCVK
2013
2
0D
00
00
00
00
3
00
00
00
00
00
4
89
00
00
00
00
5
16
00
00
00
00
6
0F
00
00
00
00
7
00
00
00
00
00
8
B4
00
00
00
00
9
4C
00
00
00
00
A
CD
00
00
00
00
B
21
00
00
00
00
C
02
00
00
00
00
D
08
00
00
00
00
E
00
00
00
00
00
F
00
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
13
GSM, RCVK
2013
INC DX
NOINCDX:
JMP AGAIN
; REPEAT TILL THE REMAINDER IS ZERO
EXIT:
POP LCM+2
; POP THE LCM VALUE FROM THE TOP OF THE STACK
POP LCM
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
END
; END PROGRAM
=================================================================================
OUTPUT:
BEFORE EXECUTION
================
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 A B C D E F
DS:0000
05 00 0F 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0010
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0020
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0030
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0040
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
AFTER EXECUTION
===============
0 1
DS:0000
05 00
DS:0010
00 00
DS:0020
00 00
DS:0030
00 00
DS:0040
00 00
2
0F
00
00
00
00
3
00
00
00
00
00
4
0F
00
00
00
00
5
00
00
00
00
00
6
00
00
00
00
00
7
00
00
00
00
00
8
00
00
00
00
00
9
00
00
00
00
00
A
00
00
00
00
00
B
00
00
00
00
00
C
00
00
00
00
00
D
00
00
00
00
00
E
00
00
00
00
00
F
00
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
14
GSM, RCVK
2013
;2.5.D. WRITE AN ALP TO FIND THE GCD OF TWO 16BIT UNSIGNED NUMBERS
.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
NUM1 DW 0005H
; INITIALIZE DATA
NUM2 DW 000FH
GCD DW (?)
; INITIALIZE MEMORY FOR THE RESULT
.CODE
MOV AX, @DATA
; INITIALIZE DATA SEGMENT
MOV DS, AX
MOV AX, NUM1
; LOAD THE FIRST NUMBER
MOV BX, NUM2
; LOAD THE SECOND NUMBER
AGAIN:
CMP AX, BX
; ARE THEY EQUAL?
JE EXIT
; YES, SAVE THE GCD
JB EXCH
; NO, IS AX<BX? ELSE YES, EXCHANGE THE NUMBERS
BACK:
MOV DX, 0000H
DIV BX
; CHECK WHETHER AX IS DIVISIBLE BY BX
CMP DX, 0000H
; IS THERE A NUMBER?
JE EXIT
; YES, SAVE GCD
MOV AX, DX
; MOVE THE REMAINDER AS NUM1 DATA
JMP AGAIN
; REPEAT THE PROCEDURE TILL THERE IS NO REMAINDER
EXCH:
XCHG AX, BX
; LOAD HIGHER NUMBER IN AX AND
JMP BACK
; LOWER NUMBER IN DX AND CONTINUE
EXIT:
MOV GCD, BX
; SAVE THE GCD NUMBER
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
END
; END PROGRAM
=================================================================================
OUTPUT:
BEFORE EXECUTION
================
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 A B C D E F
DS:0000
93 EB EF 89 1E 10 00 B4
4C CD 21 00 05 00 0F 00
DS:0010
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0020
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0030
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0040
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
AFTER EXECUTION
===============
0 1
DS:0000
93 EB
DS:0010
05 00
DS:0020
00 00
DS:0030
00 00
DS:0040
00 00
2
EF
00
00
00
00
3
89
00
00
00
00
4
1E
00
00
00
00
5
10
00
00
00
00
6
00
00
00
00
00
7
B4
00
00
00
00
8
4C
00
00
00
00
9
CD
00
00
00
00
A
21
00
00
00
00
B
00
00
00
00
00
C
05
00
00
00
00
D
00
00
00
00
00
E
0F
00
00
00
00
F
00
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
15
GSM, RCVK
2013
;2.5.E. WRITE AN ALP TO FIND THE FACTORIAL OF A GIVEN NUMBER USING RECURSIVE
PROCEDURE
.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
NUM DW 8
RESULT DW (?)
.CODE
MAIN PROC
MOV AX, @DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AX, 01
MOV CX, NUM
CMP CX, 00
JE LOOP1
MOV BX, CX
CALL FACT
LOOP1:
MOV RESULT, AX
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
MAIN ENDP
FACT PROC
CMP BX, 01
JZ LOOP2
PUSH BX
DEC BX
CALL FACT
POP BX
MUL BX
RET
LOOP2:
MOV AX, 01
RET
FACT ENDP
END
; END PROGRAM
=================================================================================
OUTPUT:
BEFORE EXECUTION
================
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 A B C D E F
DS:0000
08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0010
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0020
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0030
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0040
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
AFTER EXECUTION
===============
0 1
DS:0000
08 00
DS:0010
00 00
DS:0020
00 00
DS:0030
00 00
DS:0040
00 00
2
80
00
00
00
00
3
9D
00
00
00
00
4
00
00
00
00
00
5
00
00
00
00
00
6
00
00
00
00
00
7
00
00
00
00
00
8
00
00
00
00
00
9
00
00
00
00
00
A
00
00
00
00
00
B
00
00
00
00
00
C
00
00
00
00
00
D
00
00
00
00
00
E
00
00
00
00
00
F
00
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
16
GSM, RCVK
2013
BX, ARR_ODD
[BX+DI], AL
DI
SKIP
NEXT:
LEA BX, ARR_EVEN
MOV [BX+SI], AL
INC SI
SKIP:
INC BP
; INCREMENT ARRAY BASE POINTER
LOOP BACK
; DECREMENT THE COUNTER
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
END
; END PROGRAM
=================================================================================
OUTPUT:
BEFORE EXECUTION
================
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 A B C D E F
DS:0000
12 98 45 83 28 67 92 54
63 76 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0010
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0020
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0030
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0040
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
AFTER EXECUTION
===============
0 1
DS:0000
12 98
DS:0010
00 00
DS:0020
00 00
DS:0030
00 00
DS:0040
00 00
2
45
00
00
00
00
3
83
00
00
00
00
4
28
45
00
00
00
5
67
83
00
00
00
6
92
67
00
00
00
7
54
63
00
00
00
8
63
00
00
00
00
9
76
00
00
00
00
A
12
00
00
00
00
B
98
00
00
00
00
C
28
00
00
00
00
D
92
00
00
00
00
E
54
00
00
00
00
F
76
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
17
GSM, RCVK
2013
2
BB
00
00
00
00
3
83
00
00
00
00
4
D8
12
00
00
00
5
67
68
00
00
00
6
92
67
00
00
00
7
AC
76
00
00
00
8
9D
00
00
00
00
9
76
00
00
00
00
A
BB
00
00
00
00
B
83
00
00
00
00
C
D8
00
00
00
00
D
92
00
00
00
00
E
AC
00
00
00
00
F
9D
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
18
GSM, RCVK
2013
;3.3. WRITE AN ALP TO FIND LOGICAL ONES AND ZEROS IN A GIVEN DATA
.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
NUM DB 0FAH
ONES DB 0
ZEROS DB 0
.CODE
START:
MOV AX, @DATA
; INITIALIZE THE DATA SEGMENT
MOV DS, AX
MOV AL, NUM
; GET BYTE
MOV CX, 08H
; SET COUNTER
BACK:
ROR AL, 1
; MOVE MSB IN CARRY
JNC ZERINC
; CHECK BYTE FOR 0 AND 1
INC ONES
; IF 1, INCREMENT ONE COUNT
JMP NEXT
ZERINC:
INC ZEROS
; IF 0, INCREMENT ZERO COUNTER
NEXT:
DEC CX
; REPEAT UNIT CX = 0
JNZ BACK
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
END START
END
; END PROGRAM
=================================================================================
OUTPUT:
BEFORE EXECUTION
================
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 A B C D E F
DS:0000
21 00 FA 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0010
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0020
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0030
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0040
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
AFTER EXECUTION
===============
0 1
DS:0000
21 00
DS:0010
00 00
DS:0020
00 00
DS:0030
00 00
DS:0040
00 00
2
FA
00
00
00
00
3
06
00
00
00
00
4
02
00
00
00
00
5
00
00
00
00
00
6
00
00
00
00
00
7
00
00
00
00
00
8
00
00
00
00
00
9
00
00
00
00
00
A
00
00
00
00
00
B
00
00
00
00
00
C
00
00
00
00
00
D
00
00
00
00
00
E
00
00
00
00
00
F
00
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
19
GSM, RCVK
2013
;3.4. WRITE AN ALP TO FIND WHETHER THE GIVEN CODE BELONGS 2 OUT OF 5 CODE OR NOT
.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
N DB 03H
MSG2 DB 'YOUR CODE IS 2 OUT OF 5 CODE $', 0AH, 0DH
MSG3 DB 'YOUR CODE IS NOT 2 OUT OF 5 CODE $', 0AH, 0DH
.CODE
MOV AX, @DATA
; INITIALIZE THE DATA SEGMENT
MOV DS, AX
MOV AL, N
MOV BL, AL
AND AL, 0E0H
JNZ NOT_CODE
MOV BL, 00H
MOV AL, N
MOV CX, 0005H
BACK:
ROR AL, 1
JNC SKIP
INC BL
SKIP:
DEC CX
JNZ BACK
CMP BL, 02
JNZ NOT_CODE
MOV DX, OFFSET MSG2
MOV AH, 09
INT 21H
JMP EXIT
NOT_CODE:
MOV DX, OFFSET MSG3
MOV AH, 09
INT 21H
EXIT:
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
END
; END PROGRAM
=================================================================================
OUTPUT:
;C:\8086> ENTER THE FILE NAME
; YOUR CODE IS 2 OUT OF 5 CODE
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
20
GSM, RCVK
2013
=================================================================================
OUTPUT:
;C:\8086> ENTER THE FILE NAME
; THE NUMBER EXHIBITS BITWISE PALINDROME
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
21
GSM, RCVK
2013
3.5.B. WRITE AN ALP TO CHECK WHETHER THE GIVEN NUMBER IS NIBBLEWISE PALINDROME OR
NOT
.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
DAT DW 8989H
TEMP DW 0
MSG1 DB 10,13,'THE NUMBER IS NIBBLEWISE PALINDROME:$'
MSG2 DB 10,13,'THE NUMBER IS NOT A NIBBLEWISE PALINDROME:$'
.CODE
START:
MOV AX, @DATA
; INITIALIZE THE DATA SEGMENT
MOV DS, AX
MOV DX, DAT
; GET THE WORD
MOV BX, DX
; MAKE A COPY OF THE WORD
MOV CH, 02H
; INITIALISE ROATATION COUNTER
BACK:
MOV CL, 04H
; INITIALISE ITERATION COUNTER
ROL DX, CL
MOV TEMP, DX
AND DX, 0FH
MOV AX, BX
AND BX, 0FH
CMP BX, DX
JNZ TER
; IF NO CARRY SKIP TOTHE NEXT INSTRUCTION
MOV BX, AX
; RESTORE THE CONTENTS OF BX
MOV DX, TEMP
ROR BX, CL
; ROTATE THE CONTENTS OF BX RIGHT BY 4
DEC CH
; DECREMENT ITERATION COUNTER
JNZ BACK
MOV AH, 09H
; FUNCTION TO DISPLAY MESSAGE 1
LEA DX, MSG1
INT 21H
JMP LAST
TER:
MOV AH, 09H
LEA DX, MSG2
; SET POINTER TO MESSAGE 2
INT 21H
LAST:
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
END START
END
; END PROGRAM
=================================================================================
OUTPUT:
;C:\8086> ENTER THE FILE NAME
;THE NUMBER IS NOT A NIBBLEWISE PALINDROME
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
22
GSM, RCVK
2013
2
01
00
00
00
00
3
36
00
00
00
00
4
76
00
00
00
00
5
76
00
00
00
00
6
00
00
00
00
00
7
00
00
00
00
00
8
00
00
00
00
00
9
00
00
00
00
00
A
00
00
00
00
00
B
00
00
00
00
00
C
00
00
00
00
00
D
00
00
00
00
00
E
00
00
00
00
00
F
00
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
23
GSM, RCVK
2013
2
01
00
00
00
00
3
36
00
00
00
00
4
76
00
00
00
00
5
01
00
00
00
00
6
00
00
00
00
00
7
00
00
00
00
00
8
00
00
00
00
00
9
00
00
00
00
00
A
00
00
00
00
00
B
00
00
00
00
00
C
00
00
00
00
00
D
00
00
00
00
00
E
00
00
00
00
00
F
00
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
24
GSM, RCVK
2013
;4.3. WRITE AN ALP TO SORT A GIVEN SET OF 16BIT UNSIGNED INTEGERS INTO ASCENDING
ORDER USING BUBBLE SORT ALGORITHM
.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
A DB 23H, 45H, 55H, 22H, 64H ; INITIALISE DATA
SIZE1 DW ($-A)
; CALCULATE SIZE OF NUMBERS
.CODE
MOV AX, @DATA
; INITIALIZE THE DATA SEGMENT
MOV DS, AX
MOV BX, SIZE1
; THE NO. OF DATA BYTES IS INITIALIZE IN BX
DEC BX
OUTLOOP:
MOV CX, BX
; SAVE COUNTER IN CX REGISTER
MOV SI, 00
; INITIALISE POINTER
INLOOP:
MOV AL, A[SI]
; LOAD THE DATA INTO AL POINTED BY SI
INC SI
; INCREMENT THE POINTER
CMP AL, A[SI]
; IS CONTENT OF AL<SI POINTED
JB NEXT
; YES, GO NEXT
XCHG AL, A[SI]
; NO, EXCHANGE TWO DATA
MOV A[SI-1], AL
; MOVE TILL END OF MEMORY
NEXT:
LOOP INLOOP
DEC BX
JNZ OUTLOOP
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
END
; END PROGRAM
=================================================================================
OUTPUT:
BEFORE EXECUTION
================
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 A B C D E F
DS:0000
B4 4C CD 21 23 45 55 22
64 05 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0010
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0020
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0030
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DS:0040
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
AFTER EXECUTION
===============
0 1
DS:0000
B4 4C
DS:0010
00 00
DS:0020
00 00
DS:0030
00 00
DS:0040
00 00
2
CD
00
00
00
00
3
21
00
00
00
00
4
22
00
00
00
00
5
23
00
00
00
00
6
45
00
00
00
00
7
55
00
00
00
00
8
64
00
00
00
00
9
05
00
00
00
00
A
00
00
00
00
00
B
00
00
00
00
00
C
00
00
00
00
00
D
00
00
00
00
00
E
00
00
00
00
00
F
00
00
00
00
00
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
25
GSM, RCVK
2013
2
FC
47
45
4E
00
3
F3
49
3E
47
00
4
A4
4E
43
20
00
5
B4
45
49
43
00
6
4C
45
54
4F
00
7
CD
52
59
4C
00
8
21
49
20
4C
00
9
00
4E
45
45
00
A
3E
47
4E
47
00
B
43
20
47
45
00
C
49
43
49
00
00
D
54
4F
4E
00
00
E
59
4C
45
00
00
F
20
4C
45
00
00
......L.
ENGINEER
EGE>CITY
RING COL
........
!.>CITY
ING COLL
ENGINEE
LEGE....
........
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
26
GSM, RCVK
2013
; GIVEN STRING
; STRING LENGTH
; REVISED STRING
; INITIALIZE THE DATA SEGMENT
; POINTER TO LAST CHARACTER
; POINTER TO REVERSE CHARACTER
=================================================================================
OUTPUT:
BEFORE EXECUTION
================
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 A B C D E F
DS:0000
CD 21 41 4B 41 4E 41 4B
06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 .!AKANAK ........
DS:0010
24 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 $....... ........
DS:0020
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ ........
DS:0030
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ ........
DS:0040
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ ........
AFTER EXECUTION
===============
0 1
DS:0000
CD 21
DS:0010
24 00
DS:0020
00 00
DS:0030
00 00
DS:0040
00 00
2
41
00
00
00
00
3
4B
00
00
00
00
4
41
00
00
00
00
5
4E
00
00
00
00
6
41
00
00
00
00
7
4B
00
00
00
00
8
06
00
00
00
00
9
00
00
00
00
00
A
4B
00
00
00
00
B
41
00
00
00
00
C
4E
00
00
00
00
D
41
00
00
00
00
E
4B
00
00
00
00
F
41
00
00
00
00
.!AKANAK
$.......
........
........
........
..KANAKA
........
........
........
........
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
27
GSM, RCVK
2013
JE STROBE1
INC SI
DEC CX
JNZ BACK
JMP STROBE
STROBE1:
MOV AL, 01H
MOV RESULT, AL
JMP LAST
STROBE:
MOV AL, 00H
MOV RESULT, AL
LAST:
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
END
=================================================================================
OUTPUT:
BEFORE EXECUTION
================
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 A B C D E F
DS:0000
06 90 B0 00 A2 14 00 B4
4C CD 21 00 43 4F 4C 4C ........ L.!.COLL
DS:0010
45 47 45 45 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 EGEE.... ........
DS:0020
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ ........
DS:0030
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ ........
DS:0040
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ ........
AFTER EXECUTION
===============
0 1
DS:0000
06 90
DS:0010
45 47
DS:0020
00 00
DS:0030
00 00
DS:0040
00 00
2
B0
45
00
00
00
3
00
45
00
00
00
4
A2
01
00
00
00
5
14
00
00
00
00
6
00
00
00
00
00
7
B4
00
00
00
00
8
4C
00
00
00
00
9
CD
00
00
00
00
A
21
00
00
00
00
B
00
00
00
00
00
C
43
00
00
00
00
D
4F
00
00
00
00
E
4C
00
00
00
00
F
4C
00
00
00
00
........
EGEE....
........
........
........
L.!.COLL
........
........
........
........
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
28
GSM, RCVK
2013
MICROPROCESSOR
29
GSM, RCVK
2013
=================================================================================
OUTPUT:
;C:\TEST>ENTER THE FILE NAME AND TYPE KEYS, PRESS ZERO TO EXIT THE PROGRAM
=================================================================================
7.2. WRITE AN ALP TO READ BUFFERED INPUT FROM THE KEYBOARD USING DOS INTERRUPTS
.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
MSG DB "KEYBOARD WITH BUFFER:",'$' ; MESSAGE FOR THE INPUT
BUFF DB 25
DB 00
DB 25 DUP (?)
.CODE
MOV AX, @DATA
; INITIALIZE THE ADDRESS OF DATA
MOV DS, AX
; SEGMENT IN DS
MOV AH, 09H
MOV DX, OFFSET MSG
; FUNCTION TO DISPLAY
INT 21H
MOV AH, 0AH
MOV DX, OFFSET BUFF
; FUNCTION TO TAKE BUFFERED DATA
INT21H
MOV AH, 4CH
; TERMINATE THE PROGRAM
INT 21H
END
; END PROGRAM
=================================================================================
OUTPUT:
;C:\8086> ENTER THE FILE NAME
;KEYBOARD WITH BUFFER: CITY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
30
GSM, RCVK
2013
=================================================================================
OUTPUT:
;C:\8086> ENTER THE FILE NAME DIRECTLY
; S
=================================================================================
7.4. WRITE AN ALP TO DISPLAY STRING ON CONSOLE
.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
MSG DB 10, 13, "CITY ENGINEERING COLLEGE", '$'
.CODE
MOV AX, @DATA
; INITIALISE DS REGISTER
MOV DS, AX
LEA DX, MSG
; LOAD EFFECTIVE ADDRESS
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
MOV AH, 4CH
; TERMINATE THE PROGRAM
INT 21H
END
; END PROGRAM
=================================================================================
OUTPUT:
;C:\8086> ENTER THE FILE NAME
;CITY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
31
GSM, RCVK
2013
=================================================================================
8.1. SCAN 4*4 KEYBOARD FOR KEY CLOSURE AND DISPLAY THE CORRESPONDING KEY CODE
INITDS MACRO
MOV AX, @DATA
MOV DX, AX
ENDM
INIT8255 MACRO
MOV AL, CW
MOV DX, CR
OUT DX, AL
ENDM
INPA MACRO
MOV DX, PA
IN AL, DX
ENDM
OUTPC MACRO
MOV DX, PC
OUT DX, AL
ENDM
DISPLAY MACRO MSG
LEA DX, MSG
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H
ENDM
PRINT MACRO NUM
MOV AL, NUM
AAM
MOV BX, AX
MOV BX, 3030H
MOV DL, BL
MOV AH, 02H
INIT 21H
MOV DL, BH
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
ENDM
EXIT MACRO
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
ENDM
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MICROPROCESSOR
32
GSM, RCVK
2013
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
PA EQU 0D400H
; PORT A : INPUT PORT
PC EQU 0D402H
; PORT C : OUTPUT PORT
CR EQU 0D403H
CW EQU 90H
MSG1 DB 10, 13, 'ROW NO $'
MSG2 DB 10,13 , 'COL NO $'
MSG3 DB 10, 13, 'CODE OF THE KEY PRESSED $'
ROW DB 0
COL DB 0
KEY DB 0
.CODE
INITDS
INIT8255
CALL SCAN
DISPLAY MSG1
PRINT ROW
DISPLAY MSG2
PRINT COL
DISPLAY MSG3
PRINT KEY
EXIT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------SCAN PROC
START:
MOV BH, 80H
MOV ROW, 00H
MOV COL, 00H
MOV KEY, 00H
MOV BL, 03H
NXTROW:
ROL BH, 01H
MOV AL, BH
OUT PC
MOV CX, 08H
IN PA
NXTCOL:
ROR AL, 01H
JC QUIT
INC KEY
INC COL
LOOP NXTCOL
INC ROW
MOV COL, 00H
DEC BL
JMP NXTROW
JMP START
QUIT:
RET
SCAN ENDP
END
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
33
GSM, RCVK
2013
=================================================================================
;8.2. PROGRAM FOR SEVEN SEGMENT LED DISPLAY THROUGH 8255 (PCI BASED)
.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
PORTA EQU 0D400H
; PORT A : OUTPUT PORT
PORTC EQU 0D402H
; PORT C : OUTPUT PORT
CR
EQU 0D403H
FIRE DB 79H, 77H, 06H, 71H, 00, 00
HELP DB 00, 00, 73H, 38H, 79H, 76H
.CODE
MOV AX, @DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AL, 80H
MOV DX, CR
OUT DX, AL
MOV CX, 02H
AGAIN:
MOV DI, 50
DISP1:
LEA SI, FIRE
CALL DISPLAY
DEC DI
JNZ DISP1
MOV DI, 50
DISP2:
LEA SI, HELP
CALL DISPLAY
DEC DI
JNZ DISP2
LOOP AGAIN
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
DISPLAY PROC
MOV AH, 0
BACK:
MOV AL, AH
MOV DX, PORTC
OUT DX, AL
LODSB
MOV DX, PORTA
OUT DX, AL
CALL DELAY
INC AH
CMP AH, 6
JNZ BACK
RET
DISPLAY ENDP
DELAY PROC
PUSH BX
PUSH CX
MOV BX, 0FFH
LOOP2:
MOV CX, 0FFFH
LOOP1:
LOOP LOOP1
DEC BX
JNZ LOOP2
POP CX
POP BX
RET
DELAY ENDP
END
MICROPROCESSOR
34
GSM, RCVK
2013
=================================================================================
;8.3.A. READS STATUS OF 8 INPUT FROM THE LOGIC CONTROLLER INTERFACE AND DISPLAY
COMPLEMENT OF INPUT ON THE SAME INTERFACE
;"AND GATE OUTPUT"
.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
CR EQU 0D403H
PA EQU 0D400H
PB EQU 0D401H
PC EQU 0D402H
.CODE
MOV AX, @DATA
MOV DS, AX
MICROPROCESSOR
35
GSM, RCVK
2013
=================================================================================
;8.3.B. READS STATUS OF 8 INPUT FROM THE LOGIC CONTROLLER INTERFACE AND DISPLAY
COMPLEMENT OF INPUT ON THE SAME INTERFACE
;"RING COUNTER"
.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
CR EQU 0D403H
PA EQU 0D400H
PB EQU 0D401H
PC EQU 0D402H
.CODE
MOV AX, @DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AL, 80H
MOV DX, CR
OUT DX, AL
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
36
GSM, RCVK
2013
=================================================================================
8.4. PROGRAM TO ROTATE THE STEPPER MOTOR IN CLOCK-WISE DIRECTION (8 STEPS)
.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
CR EQU 0E803H
PA EQU 0E800H
PB EQU 0E801H
PC EQU 0E802H
; PORT C : OUTPUT PORT
.CODE
MOV AX, @DATA
MOV DS, AX
MOV AL, 80H
MOV DX, CR
OUT DX, AL
MOV AL, 88H
MOV CX, 200
BACK:
MOV DX, PC
OUT DX, AL
CALL DELAY
ROR AL, 01
LOOP BACK
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H
DELAY PROC NEAR
PUSH CX
PUSH BX
MOV BX, 01FFFH
B2:
MOV CX, 1FFFH
B1:
LOOP B1
DEC BX
JNZ B2
POP BX
POP CX
RET
DELAY ENDP
END
=================================================================================
MICROPROCESSOR
37
GSM, RCVK
VCC
5V
7406N
U1A
PA0
PA2
PA4
PA6
PC0
PC2
PC4
PC6
PB0
PB2
PB4
PB6
GND
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
LED1
180
R6
LED2
U1C
180
R7
LED3
U1D
180
R8
LED4
U1E
180
R9
LED5
U1F
180
R10
LED6
U2A
180
R11
LED7
U2B
180
R12
LED8
PC3
26pin FRC
male connector
R5
U1B
PC2
PA1
PA3
PA5
PA7
PC1
PC3
PC5
PC7
PB1
PB3
PB5
PB7
PC1
C
PC0
PC4
PC5
VCC
PC6
3
PC7
180
VCC
16 KEYS KEYBOARD:
Scan lines: PC0-PC3
Return lines:PC4-PC7
5V
8 LED OUTPUTS:
LEDs driven from PB0-PB7
through 7406 open
collector inverters
G
K2
PC3
PC2
PC1
I
PC0
PC4
PC5
PC6
J
PC7
NUMERIC_KEYPAD_4X4
0
Connector-1
FRC Pins
10
11
12
R9
Q1
1k
R1
18
1k
BC547BP
R10
Q2
R2
17
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
DP
1k
1k
BC547BP
R11
Q3
1k
R3
20
Vcc
Com
1k
Vcc
Vcc
Com
Com
Vcc
Com
Vcc
Com
Vcc
Com
Vcc
Com
Vcc
Com
BC547BP
D
R12
Q4
1k
R4
19
1k
BC547BP
R13
Q5
1k
R5
22
1k
BC547BP
R14
Q6
1k
R6
21
1k
BC547BP
R15
Q7
1k
R7
24
1k
BC547BP
R16
Q8
1k
R8
23
1k
BC547BP
26pin FRC
male connector
PA0
PA2
PA4
PA6
PC0
PC2
PC4
PC6
PB0
PB2
PB4
PB6
GND
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
PA1
PA3
PA5
PA7
PC1
PC3
PC5
PC7
PB1
PB3
PB5
PB7
R25
R17
PN2907A
R18
FRC
Pins
A
B
C
14
6
4
5
G1
~G2A
~G2B
+5V
1k
Q10
L
PN2907A
VCC
R27
+5V
1k
Q11
M
1k
U1
1
2
3
R26
1k
R19
15
16
13
+5V
Q9
1k
1k
PN2907A
Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
7
R20
R28
+5V
1k
Q12
1k
PN2907A
74LS138D
O
R21
R29
+5V
1k
Q13
1k
PN2907A
R22
R30
+5V
1k
Q14
1k
PN2907A
R31
Q
1k
R23
+5V
Q15
1k
PN2907A
R32
R
1k
R24
+5V
R
Q16
1k
PN2907A
10
11
12
U2
13
17
16
21
20
19
23
132
7
6
5
910
12
11
15
14
18
22
24
436
3
2
8
25
340
37
26
28
VCC
GND
38
33
35
40
39
30
VCC
27
29
31
26pin FRC
male connector
A
PA0
PA2
PA4
PA6
PC0
PC2
PC4
PC6
PB0
PB2
PB4
PB6
GND
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
PA1
PA3
PA5
PA7
PC1
PC3
PC5
PC7
PB1
PB3
PB5
PB7
PC0
PC1
PC2
PC3
PC4
PC5
PC6
PC7
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
R1
1k
R2
1k
R3
1k
R4
11
1k
R5
10
1k
R6
U1F
13
PB5
12
U3A
1
PB6
U3B
3
PB7
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
KEY-3
0
KEY-4
Common Anode
7segment Display
J2
0
4 POSITION
DIP SWITCH
5V
U1E
LED2
A B C D E F G DP
7406N
U3C
LED1
VCC
VCC
PA0
PA1
LED3
U3E
PA2
LED4
11
10
U3F
PA3
LED5
13
12
U4A
PA4
LED6
U4B
1k
R7
LED7
1k
R8
LED8
PA5
R9
1k
U3D
U4C
OUTPUT PA6
PORT
PA7
1k
OUTPUT
PORT
0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
VCC
VCC
U1D
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
20 VCC
74ALS245AN
PB4
10 GND
U1C
PB3
1
DIR
19 ~G
PB2
KEY-2
U1B
PB1
KEY-1
VCC
PB0
VCC
7406N
U1A
D
U4D
8
R10
1k
R11
1k
R12
1k
R13
1k
R14
1k
R15
1k
R16
DP
1k
PA0
PA2
PA4
PA6
PC0
PC2
PC4
PC6
PB0
PB2
PB4
PB6
GND
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
10
11
12
13
VCC
VCC
12V
PA1
PA3
26pin FRC
male connector
VCC
12V
12V
C2
PA5
PA7
PC1
PC3
PC5
PC7
PB1
PB3
PB5
PB7
R4
4.7k
R1
4.7k
Q2
R5
D1
1N4007GP
10k
0.1F
U1A
PA0
0.1F
C1
Q1
2N6727
R2
2
4.7k
7406N
CN3
4 pin RMC
2N2222A
VCC
J2
Q3
R3
D2
1N4007GP
4.7k
BC107BP
HDR1X4
R6
47
VCC
VCC
12V
+12V
R25
R26
R10
4.7k
R7
4.7k
J3
12V
C4
CN4
4 pin RMC
VCC
12V
C3
R11
0.1F
10k
U2A
1
PA1
HDR1X4
0.1F
Q5
D3
2N6727
Q4
R8
2
1N4007GP
4.7k
7406N
2N2222A
Q6
R9
D4
1N4007GP
4.7k
D9
BC107BP
+12V DC
1N4007GP
R12
47
D10
CN2
8.5V AC
C9
2200F
1N4007GP
D11
VCC
1N4007GP
VCC
12V
VCC
12V
12V
C6
D12
1N4007GP
R16
4.7k
R13
4.7k
R17
0.1F
10k
U3A
1
PA2
Q8
D5
1N4007GP
Q7
2N6727
R14
2
4.7k
7406N
0.1F
C5
2N2222A
Q9
R15
D6
1N4007GP
4.7k
BC107BP
R18
47
VCC
P
VCC
12V
VCC
12V
12V
C8
R22
4.7k
R19
4.7k
C7
R23
0.1F
10k
U4A
1
PA3
0.1F
Q11
D7
1N4007GP
Q10
2N6727
R20
2
4.7k
7406N
2N2222A
Q12
R21
D8
1N4007GP
4.7k
BC107BP
R24
47
10
11
12
13
+12
-12
C2
C1
0.1F
0.1F
13
B8 V+
PA1
11
B7
PA2
10
B6
PA3
B5
I OUT 2
B4
COMP
PA4
VCC
PA5
B3
PA6
B2
PA7
VI OUT
LM358AD
D
R5
50%
5.1k
SP3
10
-12
50%
PA0
PA2
PA4
PA6
PC0
PC2
PC4
PC6
PB0
PB2
PB4
PB6
R13
5.1k
R8
10k
D1
CN1
CN1
AMP O/P
1N4148
R1
5.1k
GND
SINGLE ENDED O/P
DOUBLE ENDED O/P
D2
U2B
2.2k
1N4148
OP_CON
7
6
GND
4
E
R4
R3
2.2k
10k
13
VCC
PC1
11
B7
PC2
10
B6
PC3
B5
I OUT 2
B4
COMP
PC5
B3
PC6
B2
PC7
5 B1
LM358AD
R18
50%
I OUT
5.1k
16
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
R15
VLC
VR15
12k
R22
SP3
PA1
PA3
PA5
PA7
PC1
PC3
PC5
PC7
PB1
PB3
PB5
PB7
VCC
E
-12
50%
LM358AD
R26
POWER CONNECTOR
5.1k
CN1
CN2
AMP O/P
1N4148
R14
5.1k
GND
VCC
+12
-12
R21
10k
D3
CN3
+12
C6
U1A
12k
0.01F
V-
R23
DAC0800
VR+
14
R19
1.0k
3
V-
B8 V+
+12
R24
10k
12
PC4
+12
0.1F
0.1F
C5
C4
PC0
INTERFACE CONNECTOR
+12 -12
12
26pin FRC
male connector
LM358AD
8
5
11
+12
C3
15
R2
12k
R9
0.01F
VR-
VR+
14
12k
VLC
R6
1.0k
U2A
R10
DAC0800
B1
+12
+12
16
V-
12
PA0
GND
SINGLE ENDED O/P
DOUBLE ENDED O/P
D4
U1B
2.2k
1N4148
OP_CON
7
6
I
4
R17
R16
2.2k
10k
2
10
11
12