Comparison Between Civilsoft 2010 and RCD 2000 in The Design of Three Storey Residential Building

Comparison Between Civilsoft 2010 and RCD 2000 in the Design of Three Storey Residential Building
COMPARISON BETWEEN CIVILSOFT 2010 AND RCD 2000 IN THE DESIGN OF THREE STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
BY
SAMAILA SANI SAULAWA REG. NO: H10CE005
THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING HASSAN USMAN KATSINA POLYTECHNIC
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
AUGUST 2012
Submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic By Samaila Sani Saulawa
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APPROVAL PAGE This Project has been read, supervised and approved by:
---------------------------Supervisor Name
-----------------------------Signature/Date
-----------------------------Project Coordinator
-------------------------------Signature/Date
-----------------------------Head of Department
-------------------------------Signature/Date
-----------------------------External Examiner
-------------------------------Signature/Date
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CERTIFICATION This is to certify that the research work entitled Comparison between Civilsoft 2010 and RCD 2000 in the Design of Three Storey Residential Building Submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Higher National Diploma in Civil Engineering during the Session of 2011/2012 at Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic is a bona fide record of research work carried out by me under the supervision and guidance of Engr. Samaila Muazu Bawa.
Samaila Sani Saulawa Reg No: H10CE005 . Signature/Date
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DEDICATION This Project is dedicated to my beloved Parents, Brothers, and Sisters in Islam.
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ABSTRACT The structural analysis and design of three storey residential building presented here has been carried out using Civilsoft 2010 and RCD 2000 software Systems, The design was accomplished for reinforced concrete Slabs, Beams, Columns, and Foundations based on BS 8110. Whereby the results obtained was compared to determine the speed, accuracy, and simplicity between them. Also a series of hand design calculations were performed on Slabs, Beams, Columns and Foundations to verify manually.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT Praise be to Allah, The beneficent and most Merciful, Master of the Day of Judgment, May His grace and mercy be upon His Messenger, Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and those who follow and obey him until the Day of Judgment. I am very grateful to Allah, our Lord and Cherisher, for guiding me throughout my studies. Indeed, without His help and Will nothing is accomplished. My grateful thanks and gratitude goes to my beloved parents for their Motherly and financial support throughout my studies at Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic. I once again express my special gratitude to my fellow students for their support throughout the studies, especially Alh. Mukhtar B. Abdullahi for his friendly support during the project work. I also extend my appreciation and gratitude to project coordination team Civil Engineering Departments and also at the same time to my project supervisor in the person of Engr. Samaila Muazu Bawa for his dedication, kind gesture and hardworking from the beginning up to the end point of this project work. My sincere gratitude goes to the Head of Civil Engineering Department as well as the entire Staff of the Department for their highly concern and cooperation throughout this programme.
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TABLE OF CONTENT Approval Page ......i Certification.....ii Dedication...iii Abstract.......iv Acknowledgement.......................................v
CHAPTER ONE (INTRODUCTION) 1.0 General .....1-2 1.1 Computer Application in Civil Engineering Profession.2-4 1.2.0 Aim and Objectives..4
1.2.1 Aim of the Project...4 1.2.2 Objectives of the Project.4 1.3.0 Scope and limitations of the Project5
1.3.1 Scope...5 1.3.2 Limitations..5 1.4.0 Methodology.....5-6
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CHAPTER TWO (LITERATURE REVIEW) 2.0 Preamble....7 2.1.0 Computers used in Structural Engineering Practice7-8 2.2.0 Computer Software.....8 2.2.1 Structural Analysis and Design Software8-9 2.2.2 Program Development in Engineering..9-10 2.2.3 Structures..10 2.2.4 Structural Design......10 2.2.5 Design Requirement....10-11 2.3.0 Characteristics Material Strength .........11 2.3.1 Design Method..11 2.3.2 Limit State Design.......11-12 2.3.3 Ultimate Limit State (ULS)......12 2.3.4 Serviceability Limit State (SLS)..12-13 2.3.5 Structure Element Make-up..13 2.4.0 Concrete Structural Element.13 2.4.1 Slab...13 2.4.2 Beam....13-14
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2.4.3 Column......14 2.4.4 Staircase....14 2.4.5 Foundation............14 2.5.0 Structural Loading....15 2.5.1 Dead Load.....15 2.5.2 Live Load (Imposed load).....15 2.5.3 How Load is Transmitted in Structure......15 2.5.4 Structural deformation.........15-16 2.5.5 Design Calculations..........16 2.6.0 The Benefits of Using Software to Engineers/Students....16 CHAPTER THREE (METHODOLOGY) 3.0 Preamble......17 3.1.0 Analysis, Design and Detailing Procedures Using Civilsoft 2010..17-19 3.2.0 Analysis and Design Procedure Using RCD 2000 ..19 3.2.1 Program SL2000..19-22 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.4.0 Program BM2000.....22-23 Program CL2000..24-27 Program BS2000...27-31 The Results or Output of the Design..31 Page 9
CHAPTER FOUR (RESULT PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION) 4.0 4.1.0 4.1.1 Preamble....32 Analysis and Design using Civilsoft 2010.....33 Slab Loading......33
4.2.0 Analysis and Design.....33 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.3.0 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.4.0 Slab Design...33-39 Beam Design.39-48 Column Design.....48-65 Foundation Design....65-71 Design and Analysis using RCD 2000...72 Slab Analysis and Design.....72-83 Beam Analysis and Design.....83-116 Column Analysis and Design...116-141 Base Analysis and Design....141-161 Result Summary...162-166
CHAPTER FIVE (CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS) 5.1 Conclusion..167-168 5.2 Recommendation....168-169
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CHAPTER ONE (INTRODUCTION) 1.0 General
During the last few decades, computer software has become more and more critical in the analysis of Engineering and scientific problems. Much of the reason for this change from manual methods has been the advancement of Computer Techniques developed by the research Community and, in particular, Universities/Polytechnics. As both the Technology and Engineering Industries advance, new methodologies of interlinking and complementing the industries via Computer applications will be created, with a similar improvement in hardware capacities. This in turn will facilitate the implementation of more efficient and professional Engineering software. As these software applications advance in functionality, one can hope that they will be more affordable so as to promote their widespread usage amongst Civil Engineers at a global scale. Structural design of concrete primarily relates to compliance of the British standard that is use in the design of reinforced concrete structures for the purpose of ensuring safety and economy in the use of concrete structures. The method recommended in this code is that of limit state design. Account should be taken of accepted theory, and experience and the need to design for durability. Calculations alone do not produce safe, serviceable and durable structures, suitable materials, quality control and good supervision are equally important. The purpose of any design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures being designed will perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With an appropriate degree of
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safety, they should sustain all the loads and deformations of normal construction use and have adequate durability and resistance to the effects of misuse and fire. The structure should be so designed that adequate means exist to transmit the design ultimate dead, wind and imposed loads safely from the highest supported level to the foundations. The layout of the structure and the interaction between the structural members should be such as to ensure a robust and stable design. Generally design includes allocation of other means of accessing and providing resistance against the designed structure in one which the members are arranged in such a way that the weight loads and force are transmitted to the foundation by the cheapest nature of the site, efficient design means and providing suitable sizes for the concrete members and providing of the allocated amount of reinforcement in an economical manner. This project deals with the creation of a computer application that analyzes and designs structural elements. The use of two software (i.e. Civilsoft 2010 and RCD2000) will be used in the design of one storey residential building to compare the speed, accuracy and simplicity of each of the two software having a manual work as guidance or as a control throughout the design processes. The project also aims at emphasizing the importance of computers in the solution of everyday engineering problems. 1.1 Computer Application In Civil Engineering Profession In this 21st century, technology has hit the climax more than one could imagine. A major invention that has enhanced speed, accuracy, efficiency and also become widely used in almost all fields of study and profession is computer software. Civil Engineering is not left out as there
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are different types of software available to Civil Engineers. In all branches of Civil Engineering, being it Structural Engineering, Transportation Planning, Water Engineering, etc have their own separate software which can be used to solve different problems within a short time. There are different companies which have come up with software some of which are very expensive and complicated. As in this case, we are sticking our self to only Civilsoft 2010 and RCD2000. Civil engineers design and construct major structures and facilities that are essential in our everyday lives. Civil engineering is perhaps the broadest of the engineering fields, for it deals with the creation, improvement and protection of the communal environment, providing facilities for living, industry and transportation, including large buildings, roads, bridges, canals, railroad lines, airports, water-supply systems, dams, irrigation, harbors, docks, tunnels, and other engineered constructions. Over the course of history, civil engineers have made significant contributions and improvements to the environment and the world we live in today.
The work of a Civil Engineer requires a lot of precision. This is mainly due to the fact that the final result of any project will directly or indirectly affect peoples lives; hence safety becomes a critical issue. Designing structures and developing new facilities may take up to several months to complete. The volumes of work, as well as the seriousness of the issues considered in project planning, contribute to the amount of time required to complete the development of an adequate, safe and efficient design.
The introduction of software usage in the civil engineering profession has greatly reduced the complexities of different aspects in the analysis and design of projects, as well as reducing the amount of time necessary to complete the designs. Concurrently, this leads to greater savings and
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reductions in costs. More complex projects that were almost impossible to work out several years ago are now easily solved with the use of computers. In order to stay at the pinnacle of any industry, one needs to keep at par with the latest technological advancements which accelerate work timeframes and accuracy without decreasing the reliability and efficiency of the results. 1.2.0 Aim and Objectives of the Project
1.2.1 Aim of the Project i. The aim of this project is to use Computer Application for the analysis, design and detailing of reinforced concrete elements. ii. And also to compare the speed, accuracy and simplicity between Civilsoft 2010 and RCD 2000 in the design of three storey residential building. 1.2.2 Objectives of the Project
The objectives of the project are:1. Obtain an architectural drawing 2. Manual Analysis and Design 3. Use Civilsoft 2010 to analyze, design and detail the structure. 4. Use RCD 2000 to analyze and design the structure. 5. Consider the time taken, and compare between them in order to know the speed of each. 6. Compare the simplicity or otherwise of each.
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1.3.0
Scope and Limitations of the Project
1.3.1 Scope The scope of this project is based on BS110 method of reinforced concrete design which will be use throughout in the design both for the Civilsoft 2010 and that of RCD 2000 that covers Slab, Beam, Column, and Foundation Design. 1.3.2 Limitations
The project is limited only in the design of concrete structural elements or components using Civilsoft 2010 and RCD 2000 software. 1.4.0 Methodology
The structural design of slab, beam, column, and foundation in a given architectural Plan is, in most cases, very difficult. This comes with experience and the following steps were strictly follows:a) Study and grid the Architectural drawings (i.e. Site plan, ground floor plan, first floor plan, elevations, section, panel arrangement, etc). And note the number of storey. b) Carry out enquiries on the soil type to enable you determine whether or not the building will be designed as a framed structure or supported on load bearing walls. c) Based on the outcome of the above, design the building as framed building, if the number of storey exceed two or the soil pressure is low below (100KN/ being supported by load bearing walls.
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); otherwise design as
d) Identify the various panels for the slab design, bearing in mind that for domestic building, a span of 4.2m and below can economically be designed as a one way-spanning slab. e) Identify the position of beams. It is advisable to name beams by their grid numbers. E.g. E.1-4 meaning beam on grid line E and between grid lines 1 and 4. f) Identify the position of the columns and refers to them by their grid lines. E.g. Col A4 meaning column at the meeting point of grid lines A and 4. g) Determine the foundation type depending on the type of building and the nature of the bearing soil. h) Detailing of the structural elements. Detailing is the end product for the design and most important, hence, cannot be underestimated.
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CHAPTER TWO (LITERATURE REVIEW) 2.0 Preamble
The selection of the type of concrete is frequently by the strength required, which in turn depends on the intensity of loading and the form. For example, in the lower columns of a multistory building a higher strength concrete may be chosen in preference to gently increasing the size of the column section with a resultant loss in dear floor space. Concrete is defined as the mixing of cement, sand, pebbles or crushed rock and water which when placed in the Skelton of forms and allowed to cure becomes hard reference the proportion of this material controls the strength and quality of the resultant concrete. 2.1.0 Computers Used In Structural Engineering Practice
It can be defined in the same vein as general purpose, stored program, and electronic digital computers. Digital means that within the computer, discrete digits represent numbers, which is in contrast to analog computers where numbers are represented by continuously varying physical quantities. Digital computers can also represents and manipulate symbols other than numbers, such as alphabetic characters or geometric entities. Electronic means that electronic circuits that perform the internal operations. Stored means that for each application, the computer is provided with a sequence of steps or instructions called the program, which defines the process of solution. General purpose means that the computer is not built specifically for one type of application so that by using different programs it is capable of solving a wide variety of problems.
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The computer system can be said to consist of the hardware system and the software system. The hardware system consists of all the physical machines, which include the computer itself (Central processing unit, Primary memory, Arithmetic and logic units). The secondary memory system (hard disc, floppy disc, CD ROM), printers, plotters and video display unit (monitor). (Oyenuga, 2010) 2.2.0 Computer Software:- Are simply sequence of instructions telling the computer what to
do and how to do it. Softwares generally are programs written for a specific purpose and stored in a secondary storage device for later use. They are written in a coded language for the use of computers. The special languages are referred to as programming languages and typical examples include FORTRAN, BASIC, COBOL, C, ALGOL, and PASCAL. But FORTRAN, BASIC, PASCAL, and C are good for engineering analysis and design. (Oyenuga, 2010) 2.2.1 Structural Analysis and Design Software Currently, there are quite a number of structural analysis and design software applications present in the market. Although they are rather expensive, their use has become prevalent amongst a majority of Structural Engineers and Engineering firms. The computerized computations make use of the systematic sequences execute d in a computer program as well as the high processing speeds.
Below are some common Civil Engineering Software that are widely used: a. CIVILSOFT 2010 Structural 3D/2D Modeling, Loading, Analysis, Design, Detailing, Bar Schedule, Beam Sketchpad, Steel design, AutoCAD DXF import and export, and PDF export.
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b. RCD2000 Analysis and design of Reinforced Concrete. c. STAAD Pro d. RISA e. AutoCAD f. STRUDL g. SCADDS h. ADAPT-RC 2010 Plus Analysis and/or design of reinforced concrete beams, slabs and floor systems, designs up to 20 spans and two cantilevers. i. STADD III: Comprehensive Structural Software that addresses all aspects of Structural Engineering- model development, Analysis, Design, visualization and verification. j. AXIS VM: Structural Analysis and Design with an updateable database of element sections and specifications available in the market. k. ANSYS: All-inclusive Engineering Software dealing with Structural Analysis and other Engineering disciplines such as fluid dynamics, electronics and magnetism and heat transfer l. ETABS: Offers a sophisticated 3-D Analysis and Design for multistory building structures.
2.2.2
Program Development in Engineering
The use of computer in arriving at engineering solutions requires that problem solving be separated in to two phases of the program: a) Problem definition:- In this phase the computational procedure, the available resources (people, machine), and all known limitations are to develop the major functional and
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conceptual aspects of the program, including the major input data types, the scope of the program and the results required. b) Program design:- In this phase , three sets of important decisions must be made and they are:i) The determination of the computational procedures, like the method of analysis to be followed, which may depart radically from the manual methods of analysis due to the use of the machines. ii) The organization and structuring of the data to be used by the program. This includes the data to be supplied as input and the expected output. iii) The interaction between the program and the intended users. This step is an important one and it includes the careful designation and entry of the input data and the layout of the expected output. A program requiring hours of preparing extraneous data for input and producing pages of unorganized numerical results would be unpopular. 2.2.3 Structures:- A structure may be defined as any object (system) that has the sole function
of transmitting load. The structure may consist of single element (referred as a member) or combination of several elements. (Oyenuga, 2010) 2.2.4 Structural Design:- Structural design is a mathematical approach of selecting and
coupling structural element sizes in order to withstand the applied load on them as well as to active the structural stability.
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2.2.5
Design Requirement:- A good structure design must satisfy the basic requirement viz
that of strength, serviceability and economy. The requirement for strength is not ensure that the structure is capable of carrying the applied loads on it the requirement for serviceability relate to the amount of depletion, cracking., shear and vibration that may be acceptable by the structure, the final aim of designer is to minimize strength of the structure at minimum cost. 2.3.0 Characteristic Material Strength:-The strength of materials upon which design is based
in those strengths, which results are unlikely to fall. These are called characteristic strength. It is assumed that for a given Material, the distribution of strength will be approximately normal so that a frequency distribution curve of a large number of sample results would be of the form. 2.3.1 Design Method:- The design of an engineering structure most ensure that, under the
worst loading, the structure is safe and during normal working condition the deformation of the members does not detract from the appearance, durability or performance of the structure. The Three Basic Methods are:(1) The Permissible stress method: - In which the ultimate strength of the Materials are divided by a factor of safety to provide design stresses which are usually within the elastic range. (2) The load factor method: - In which the working load are multiplied by factor of safety. (3) The limit state method: - Which multiplied the working loads by partial factors of safety and also divides the material Intimates strength by further partial factor of safety.
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2.3.2
Limit State Design The design of an engineering structure must ensure that (1) under the worst loadings, the structure is safe, and (2) during normal working conditions the deformation of the members does not detract from the appearance, durability or performance of the structure. The Limit State method involves applying partial factors of safety, both to the loads and to the material strengths. The magnitude of the factors may be varied so that they may be used either with the plastic conditions in the ultimate state or with the more elastic stress range in the working loads. The two principal type s of limit state are the ultimate limit state and the serviceability limit state. (Oyenuga, 2010)
2.3.3
Ultimate Limit State (ULS) This requires that the structure must be able to withstand, with an adequate factor of safety against collapse, the loads for which it is designed. The possibility of buckling or overturning must also be taken into account, as must the possibility of accidental damage as caused, for example, by an internal explosion.
2.3.4
Serviceability Limit State (SLS) This requires that the structural elements do not exhibit any preliminary signs of failure. Generally, the most important serviceability limit states are: Deflection (appearance or efficiency of any part of the structure must not be adversely affected by deflections), Cracking (local damage due to cracking and spalling must not affect the appearance, efficiency or durability of the structure) and Durability (in terms of the proposed life of
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the structure and its conditions of exposure). Other Limit States that may be reached include: Excessive Vibration, Fatigue and Fire Resistance.
The relative importance of each limit state will vary according to the nature of the structure. The usual procedure is to decide which the crucial limit state for a particular structure is, and base the design on this, although durability and fire resistance requirements may well influence the initial member sizing and concrete grade selection. 2.3.5 Structure Element Make-Up
The structure element are of different make up among which are concrete steel or timber, however the structural element that will be of interest for the scope of this project is concrete. 2.4.0 Concrete Structural Element
The common concrete structural element are slab, beans, column, and foundation they are of different forms and have different foundation in a structure to which they are attached, they are discuss as follows; 2.4.1 Slab:- Is a planner structure element having an aerial that is comparatively larger them
its Overall thickness, it could he ribbed, solid, voided and flat slab. However, slab is usually constructed in horizontal plane, but when Vertical, they are referred to as shear walls. Its main function is to serve as floor, roof and transmit its weight plus imposed load that is on it to the beam. In many domestic and industrial buildings a thick concrete slab, supported on foundations or directly on the subsoil, is used to construct the ground floor of a building. In high rise buildings
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and skyscrapers, thinner, pre-cast concrete slabs are slung between the steel frames to form the floors and ceilings on each level. 2.4.2 Beam:- Is a structural element having overall length that is comparatively larger than its
literal dimension, it is usually constructed in horizontal plane, However when constructed in vertical plane it becomes column, most common beams have cross section or shape that are either T beams, L beams, circular or trapezoidal. Its Main function is to transmit it self-weight and the weight from slab to the column. (Oyenuga, 2010) 2.4.3 Column: - Is a structural element, which the ratio of overall length to internal dimension
is comparatively large and they are usually vertical. However, column are members that carry load chiefly in compression column caring bending moment as well about one or both axis of the cross- section and bending reaction may produced tensile forces over a point of the correction even in such cases, column are generally referred to as compression members because the compression forces dominate the behavior. In fact the main faction of column is to transmit direct thrust (axial or eccentric lead) from the bean to the foundation.
2.4.4
Staircase Is a name for a construction designed to bridge a large vertical distance by
dividing it into smaller vertical distances, called steps. Stairs may be straight, round, or may consist of two or more straight pieces connected at angles.
Special types of stairs include escalators and ladders. Some alternatives to stairs are elevators, stair lifts and inclined moving walkways as well as stationary inclined sidewalks.
2.4.5
Foundation: - The lowest artificially prepared parts of the structures which are in direct
contact with the ground and which transmits the load of the structures of the ground are known
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as the foundation. The solid ground on which the foundation rest is called the foundation bed or foundation soil it ultimately bears the loads and interacts with the foundation of building. The lower most portion of the foundation which is direct contact with the sub-soil is called the footing. 2.5.0 Structural Loading:- The load on the structure is divided in to two types i.e. dead load
and live load or (imposed load) Dead load are those that are permanent and constant during the structure life live loads on the other hand is transient and are variable in magnitude for example due to wind or human occupants. For designing a safe and economical structure it is necessary to ascertain with affair a degree of accuracy, the various types of words which are likely to act on structure. The imposed load including wind load which are specified below 2.5.1 Dead Load: - This is the load of the materials used for the various components of a
building such as walls; roofs etc all provision of loads are thus included in dead load. Sometimes the provision the future construction, a partition wall is made by allowing a dead load of 0.01 KN/M2 of the area. 2.5.2 Live Load: - This is a movable load on the Floor and hence it is variable. It is also
sometime known as the superimposed load. It includes the load of persons standing on the floor, articles of furnitures, weight of the material temporary stored on a floor weight of a snow of a roof etc. 2.5.3 How Load is transmitted In a Structure: - The imposed load from the slab is carried by
a horizontal member called beam and from which the total combination of the load from the slab
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and beam is carting a vertical supporting member called column. The column transferred the pressure to the soil in the most efficient manner. 2.5.4 Structural Deformation:- A given structure once loaded, may deformed by bending due
to the effect of (bending moment) by buckling (due to eccentric loading) by elongation (due to stretching force) or twist on a worst part it may experience all of the above effect and there worst result to failure, therefore to overcome such short coming the idea of design was rooted. 2.5.5 Design Calculations
The following are to be determined before embarking on the design calculations. I. The concrete grade to be employed:- for domestic buildings in Nigeria, it is advisable that concrete grade not exceeding 20N/mm2 be used. II. The type of steel to be used:- for domestic buildings, mild steel round bars may be sufficient with steel stresses, not exceeding 250N/mm2. Where however, such domestic clients can guarantee the supply of high yield tensile bars, such can be used with stresses (in Nigeria) limited to 410N/mm2. (Oyenuga, 2010) 2.6.0 The Benefits of Using Software to Engineers/Students
a. It enables the Engineers/Students to appreciate the use of Computer Aided Design (CAD) in their field of study to have fun playing with modern Technologies in their practice of Engineering. b. It is very fast, fluid, highly advanced and easy to use. No dull moments.
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c. Software are widely used in so many Construction Companies, Universities and Polytechnics, so they will be taping in to a CAD tools that are peculiar to all, in which knowledge are constantly being updated, shared among all and the same world class technology is available and affordable to all. d. They are widely available and affordable to buy.
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CHAPTER THREE (METHODOLOGY) 3.0 Preamble Structure is made up of different members joined together. The analysis of the structure tends to follow this too. The analysis of the structure as a whole component is very tedious and the advantages may not be worth the efforts. The analysis can be done manually or using computer programs written especially for very complex structures. The structure will consist of the slab, beam, column, and foundation joined together rigidly so as to act as one structure. The loads from the occupants are transmitted through the slab, beam, column, and foundation. Thus, each element of the structure, that is, slab, beam, column, and foundation must be designed to effectively handle its own dead load and the load being transferred to it. 3.1.0 Analysis, Design and Detailing Procedure Using Civil Soft 2010
1) Switch on the system and permit it to boot 2) Search for the installed Civilsoft 2010 on the Desktop, if not found go to All Programs and traced Civilsoft 2010 3) Open the program by double clicking on it 4) On the Civilsoft 2010 workspace, click file and click new project, all the tools will be switched on ready to be used. The workspace is ruled and calibrated on both axis using 500mm equal intervals
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5) On the menu bar click on modeling where you find tools such as rectangle, special panel, reference by panel, panel properties, etc. 6) Click on rectangle 7) Come to the workspace then hold and drag to draw a panel then click again to go out of the command 8) A single panel is drawn on the workspace 9) If there are more panels to be drawn, select the first panel and click reference by panel in order to have the subsequent panels on either left hand side or right hand side or bottom of the existing one 10) This step is repeated until the entire ground floor plan is drawn on the workspace 11) In order to edit the drawing to meet the required dimensions as contain in the architectural drawing 12) Edit the edge condition, depth, Fcu, Fy, Cc, Qk, Gk, etc of each panel 13) Click copy floor in order to have the first upper floor 14) Edit where necessary if different from the ground floor, provide a cantilever where necessary 15) Repeat copy floor and where necessary for each of the floors you have 16) Go back to the ground floor on the same workspace Modeling 17) Click create beam span, click create new 18) Click create column, click create new column, click create foundation, click create new 19) Go to the next floor (Second floor) 20) Click create beam span , click create new, click create column, click append column 21) This step is repeated for the remaining floors up to roof
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22) Go to the menu bar and change the workspace to design by clicking design 23) Click load structure, click analyze structure, click design structure, click design pad foundation 24) Click view on the menu bar 25) Click 3D on the tool bar in order to see the 3-dimension view of the drawn structure if it is as required then proceed otherwise go back to modeling environment and edit it to meet your requirement. 26) In order to view the detailed drawing as result/output change the workspace by clicking on Detailing then select what you want to display by clicking on it, e.g. click on floor general arrangement to view the detail for the particular floor. You can click on foundation layout, floor slab details, column details, pad foundation details, etc. to view the detail drawing. 3.2.0 3.2.1 Analysis and Design Procedure Using RCD2000 Program SL2000
Inputs via terminal Enter job reference Enter design engineer Samaila Sani Saulawa Enter design date 20/08/2012
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Enter concrete & steel characteristics stresses 25 410 Enter total No of panels 4 For inputs No 1 Enter panel ID No Panel 1 Enter -1- for cantilever slab Enter -2- for s. supported slab Enter -3- for continuous slab Enter -4- for two way slab Eg 2 For simply supported slab Enter slab span, udl, depth and no. of point loads Eg 3225 10.52 150.0 0 For continuous slab Enter total no. of spans and slab depth
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Eg 2 150.0 Enter end cantilever moments and loads Eg 13.894 6.312 For span 1 enter span length, udl and no. point loads Eg 8225 10.52 0 For span 2 enter span length, udl and no. point loads E.g 4625 10.52 0 For point load, enter load and distance from left Sppt 15.0 1500 For cantilever slab Enter cantilever span, udl, depth and no. point loads eg 500 10.52 150.0 0 For point load, enter load and distance from fixed sppt 20.0 600 For two way slab
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Enter the slab lx, ly, udl, deph & span depth eg 5225 8225 10.52 150.0 25 Enter -1- for interior panel Enter -2- for one short discontinuous Enter -3- for one long discontunous Enter -4- for two adjacent edges discontunous Enter -5- for two short edges discontinuous Enter -6- for two long edges discontinuous Enter -7- for three edges discontinuous 1-long cont. Enter -8- for three edges discontinuous 1-short cont. Enter -9- for four edges discontinuous Enter slab case number 3.2.2 Program BM2000
Inputs via terminal Enter job reference e.g design of three storey building Enter design engineer
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Samaila Sani Saulawa Enter design date 20/08/2012 Enter no beams, concrete, steel and stirrup stresses 3 25 410 250 Enter beam id no. Beam 1 Enter no of supports & members 21 Enter supports grid number (2 space for each) ab cd Enter beam width (b, bf) and depth (h, hf) 225 600 450 150 Enter end supports types, moments and loads if any 0 91.20 112.0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 Enter member s/n, span and loads
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Inputs for the value for span 1 1 4500 60.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Inputs the value for span 2 2 5000 25.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 These steps continues up to the total number of beams 3.2.3 Program CL2000
Inputs via terminal Enter job reference e.g design of three storey building Enter design engineer Samaila Sani Saulawa Enter design date 20/08/2012 Enter concrete & steel stresses Total No of columns, max steel % d/h e.g 25 410 3 4 0 0.85 The following are repeated for each column
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For column no 1 Enter column identification CL1 Enter column type & shape (Type -1: axial 2: uniaxial 3: biaxial) (Shape -1: rectangular/square 2: circular) e.g 1 1 Enter -1 for braced col. or -2- for unbraced e.g 1 Braced Column Top end cond. Bottom cond. 1 1 2 0.75 0.80 End cond. 2 0.80 0.85
0.90 Unbraced Column
0.95
1.20
1.20
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1.30
1.50
3 4 Enter values of Bx & By 0.75 0.75
1.60 2.20
1.80 -
Enter column dimension (x,y axis, length) and load e.g 300 300 4150 720.0 End input for column 1 For column no. 2 Enter column identification CL2 Enter column type & shape (Type -1: axial 2: uniaxial 3: biaxial) (Shape -1: rectangular/square 2: circular) 12 Enter values of bx & by 0.75 0.80
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Enter column dimension (x,y axis, length), load and moments ( mxx, myy) 300 300 3150 570.0 25.0 0.00 For column no 3 Enter column identification CL3 Enter column type & shape (Type -1: axial 2: uniaxial 3: biaxial) (Shape -1: rectangular/square 2: circular) 31 Enter -1 for braced col. or -2- for unbraced 2 Enter values of Bx & By 1.20 1.50 Enter column dimension (x,y axis, length), load and moments ( Mxx, Myy) 300 300 3000 240.0 12.0 22.0 End of input for the remaining columns. 3.2.4 Program BS2000
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Inputs via terminal Enter job reference e.g design of three storey building Enter design engineer Samaila Sani Saulawa Enter design date 20/08/2012 Enter No. of bases, pressure, concrete & steel stresses 4 150 20 250 Enter base identification no Base 1 Enter base type -1: square 2: rect. & 3: combined 1 Enter base column type 1: rect. 2: circular 1 Enter column load, dimension, & dowel diameter 430 225 225 16
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For base 2 enter base identification no Base 2 Enter base type -1: square 2: rect. & 3: combined 2 Enter base column type 1: rect. 2: circular 2 Enter column load, dimension, & dowel diameter 890 300 20 For base 3 Enter base identification no Base 3 Enter base type -1: square 2: rect. & 3: combined 3 Enter total No of columns on the base 2 Enter column type for each column
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11 For base 3 column 1 enter Load dist. from col. 1, dimension & dowel diameter 580 0.00 225 450 16 For base 3 column 2 enter Load dist. from col. 1, dimension & dowel diameter 320 2600 225 225 16 For base 4 Enter base identification no Base 4 Enter base type -1: square 2: rect. & 3: combined 3 Enter total No of columns on the base 5 Enter column type for each column 11112 For base 4 column 1 enter
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Load dist. from col. 1, dimension & dowel diameter 420 0.00 225 225 16 for base 4 column 2 enter Load dist. from col. 1, dimension & dowel diameter 760 3600 450 225 16 For base 4 column 3 enter Load dist. from col. 1, dimension & dowel diameter 820 7800 450 225 20 For base 4 column 4 enter Load dist. from col. 1, dimension & dowel diameter 760 12600 450 225 20 For base 4 column 5 enter Load dist. from col. 1, dimension & dowel diameter 360 15600 300 16 3.3.0 The Results or Output of the Design
In the output listing, efforts have been made to reduce the volume of output to the most designed results that can be used for the drafting as well as for design checks. Thus, for beams, slabs, and bases, the span and support moments, area of steel required and shear
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treatment (where applicable) are printed as output. The ultimate strength of the column in terms of axial and moments and area of steel are the results printed for columns.
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CHAPTER FOUR (DESIGN AND ANALYSIS) 4.0 Preamble The purpose of any design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures being designed will perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With an appropriate degree of safety, they should sustain all the loads and deformations of normal construction use and have adequate durability and resistance to the effects of misuse and fire. The structure should be so designed that adequate means exist to transmit the design ultimate dead, wind and imposed loads safely from the highest supported level to the foundations. The layout of the structure and the interaction between the structural members should be such as to ensure a robust and stable design. Structure is made up of different members joined together. The analysis of the structure tends to follow this too. The analysis of the structure as a whole component is very tedious and the advantages may not be worth the efforts. The analysis can be done manually or using computer programs written especially for very complex structures. Generally design includes allocation of other means of accessing and providing resistance against the designed structure in one which the members are arranged in such away that the weight loads and force are transmitted to the foundation by the cheapest nature of the site, efficient design means and providing suitable sizes for the concrete members and providing of the allocated amount of reinforcement in an economical manner.
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The Design and Analysis of the project for both Civilsoft 2010 and RCD 2000 is as follows: 4.1.0 4.1.1 Analysis and Design Using Civilsoft 2010 Slab Loading
Slab Thickness = 150mm Characteristic imposed load = 1.5KN/m Finishes = 1.2KN/m Partition allowance = 1KN/m Density of concrete = 24KN/m Self-weight of slab = 0.15 x 24 = 3.6KN/m Characteristic dead load , gk = 3.6 + 1.2 + 1 = 5.8KN/m Design ultimate load = 1.4gk + 1.6 qk Design ultimate load , n = 1.4 x 5.8 + 1.6 x 1.5 = 10.52KN/m Design ultimate load , n = 10.52KN/m
4.2.0 4.2.1
Analysis and Design Slab Design
Panel 1 Total design load ,n = 10.52KN/m Length of short span ,lx = 3000mm : Length of long span ,ly = 3500mm : ly / lx = 1.166667 Short span - mid span : Msx = Bsx x n x lx = 2.9KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 69.98 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 : Deflection Check Ok
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Long span - mid span : Msy = Bsy x n x lx = 2.27KNm/m effective depth, d = 112 : As required = 69.98 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Short span - edge : Mx = Bx x n x lx = 3.82KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 92.18 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Long span - edge : My = By x n x lx = 3.03KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 73.11 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Panel 2 Total design load ,n = 10.52KN/m Length of short span ,lx = 2000mm : Length of long span ,ly = 2100mm : ly / lx = 1.05 Short span - mid span : Msx = Bsx x n x lx = 1.09KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 26.3 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 : Deflection Check Ok Long span - mid span : Msy = Bsy x n x lx = 1.01KNm/m effective depth, d = 112 : As required = 26.3 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Short span - edge : Mx = Bx x n x lx = 1.43KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 34.51 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Long span - edge : My = By x n x lx = 1.35KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 32.58 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Panel 3 Total design load ,n = 10.52KN/m Length of short span ,lx = 1500mm : Length of long span ,ly = 9600mm : ly / lx = 6.4 Short span - mid span : Msx = Bsx x n x lx = 2.96KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 71.42 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 : Deflection
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Check Ok Long span - mid span : Msy = Bsy x n x lx = 0KNm/m effective depth, d = 112 : As required = 71.42 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Short span - edge : Mx = Bx x n x lx = 0KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 0 : As provided = 0 : Use Y12 @ 300 Long span - edge : My = By x n x lx = 0KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 0 : As provided = 0 : Use Y12 @ 300 Panel 4 Total design load ,n = 10.52KN/m Length of short span ,lx = 3500mm : Length of long span ,ly = 3500mm : ly / lx = 1 Short span - mid span : Msx = Bsx x n x lx = 3.09KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 74.56 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 : Deflection Check Ok Long span - mid span : Msy = Bsy x n x lx = 3.09KNm/m effective depth, d = 112 : As required = 74.56 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Short span - edge : Mx = Bx x n x lx = 3.99KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 96.28 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Long span - edge : My = By x n x lx = 4.12KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 99.41 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Panel 5 Total design load ,n = 10.52KN/m Length of short span ,lx = 3000mm : Length of long span ,ly = 7000mm : ly / lx = 2.333333 Short span - mid span : Msx = Bsx x n x lx = 11.84KNm/m
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effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 285.69 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 : Deflection Check Ok Long span - mid span : Msy = Bsy x n x lx = 0KNm/m effective depth, d = 112 : As required = 285.69 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Short span - edge : Mx = Bx x n x lx = 0KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 0 : As provided = 0 : Use Y12 @ 300 Long span - edge : My = By x n x lx = 0KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 0 : As provided = 0 : Use Y12 @ 300 Panel 6 Total design load ,n = 10.52KN/m Length of short span ,lx = 3500mm : Length of long span ,ly = 3500mm : ly / lx = 1 Short span - mid span : Msx = Bsx x n x lx = 3.09KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 74.56 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 : Deflection Check Ok Long span - mid span : Msy = Bsy x n x lx = 3.09KNm/m effective depth, d = 112 : As required = 74.56 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Short span - edge : Mx = Bx x n x lx = 3.99KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 96.28 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Long span - edge : My = By x n x lx = 4.12KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 99.41 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Panel 7 Total design load ,n = 10.52KN/m Length of short span ,lx = 5100mm : Length of long span ,ly = 7000mm : ly / lx = 1.372549
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Short span - mid span : Msx = Bsx x n x lx = 9.97KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 240.57 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 : Deflection Check Ok Long span - mid span : Msy = Bsy x n x lx = 6.57KNm/m effective depth, d = 112 : As required = 240.57 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Short span - edge : Mx = Bx x n x lx = 13.38KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 322.85 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Long span - edge : My = By x n x lx = 8.76KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 211.38 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Panel 8 Total design load ,n = 10.52KN/m Length of short span ,lx = 3500mm : Length of long span ,ly = 3500mm : ly / lx = 1 Short span - mid span : Msx = Bsx x n x lx = 3.09KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 74.56 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 : Deflection Check Ok Long span - mid span : Msy = Bsy x n x lx = 3.09KNm/m effective depth, d = 112 : As required = 74.56 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Short span - edge : Mx = Bx x n x lx = 3.99KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 96.28 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Long span - edge : My = By x n x lx = 4.12KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 99.41 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Panel 9 Total design load ,n = 10.52KN/m
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Length of short span ,lx = 2000mm : Length of long span ,ly = 8600mm : ly / lx = 4.3 Short span - mid span : Msx = Bsx x n x lx = 5.26KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 126.92 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 : Deflection Check Ok Long span - mid span : Msy = Bsy x n x lx = 0KNm/m effective depth, d = 112 : As required = 126.92 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Short span - edge : Mx = Bx x n x lx = 0KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 0 : As provided = 0 : Use Y12 @ 300 Long span - edge : My = By x n x lx = 0KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 0 : As provided = 0 : Use Y12 @ 300 Panel 10 Total design load ,n = 10.52KN/m Length of short span ,lx = 2000mm : Length of long span ,ly = 3000mm : ly / lx = 1.5 Short span - mid span : Msx = Bsx x n x lx = 1.68KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 40.54 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 : Deflection Check Ok Long span - mid span : Msy = Bsy x n x lx = 1.01KNm/m effective depth, d = 112 : As required = 40.54 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Short span - edge : Mx = Bx x n x lx = 2.23KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 53.81 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Long span - edge : My = By x n x lx = 1.35KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 32.58 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Panel 11
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Total design load ,n = 10.52KN/m Length of short span ,lx = 3000mm : Length of long span ,ly = 3500mm : ly / lx = 1.166667 Short span - mid span : Msx = Bsx x n x lx = 2.9KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 69.98 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 : Deflection Check Ok Long span - mid span : Msy = Bsy x n x lx = 2.27KNm/m effective depth, d = 112 : As required = 69.98 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Short span - edge : Mx = Bx x n x lx = 3.82KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 92.18 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Long span - edge : My = By x n x lx = 3.03KNm/m effective depth, d = 124 : As required = 73.11 : As provided = 377 : Use Y12 @ 300 Code reference - BS 8110 : Part 1 : 1997 : Section 3.5.3.4
4.2.2
Beam Design
Beam 1 Depth = 450 mm : Breadth = 225 mm : Cover = 25 mm : Bar dia = 16 : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm : effectiveDepth, d = 409 mm Span 1 : Length = 6000 mm : Start Reaction = 66.33 KN : End Reaction = 66.33 KN : Span Moment = 185.18 KNm As Required = 1453.9 mm : As Provided = 1608 mm : Use = 8Y16 : Deflection Check Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300
Beam 2
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Depth = 450 mm : Breadth = 225 mm : Cover = 25 mm : Bar dia = 16 : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm : effectiveDepth, d = 409 mm Span 1 : Length = 3500 mm : Start Reaction = 39.67 KN : End Reaction = 39.67 KN : Span Moment = 113.1 KNm As Required = 843.94 mm : As Provided = 1005 mm : Use = 5Y16 : Deflection Check Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300
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Span 2 : Length = 5100 mm : Start Reaction = 68.52 KN : End Reaction = 68.52 KN : Span Moment = 583.42 KNm As Required = 4232.27 mm : As Provided = 4422 mm : Use = 22Y16 : Deflection Check Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300 Span 3 : Length = 3500 mm : Start Reaction = 48.01 KN : End Reaction = 52.83 KN : Span Moment = 996.21 KNm As Required = 7112.14 mm : As Provided = 7236 mm : Use = 36Y16 : Deflection Check Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300
Support 2 : Support Moment = -50.18 KNm : As Required = 334.39 mm : As Provided = 402 mm : Use = 2Y16 Support 3 : Support Moment = -55.22 KNm : As Required = 370.66 mm : As Provided = 402 mm : Use = 2Y16
Beam 9
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Depth = 450 mm : Breadth = 225 mm : Cover = 25 mm : Bar dia = 16 : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm : effectiveDepth, d = 409 mm Span 1 : Length = 3000 mm : Start Reaction = 37.4 KN : End Reaction = 37.4 KN : Span Moment = 51.06 KNm As Required = 342.6 mm : As Provided = 402 mm : Use = 2Y16 : Deflection Check Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300 Span 2 : Length = 5100 mm : Start Reaction = 70.66 KN : End Reaction = 70.66 KN : Span Moment = 583.63 KNm As Required = 4233.73 mm : As Provided = 4422 mm : Use = 22Y16 : Deflection Check Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300 Span 3 : Length = 3500 mm : Start Reaction = 45.45 KN : End Reaction = 45.45 KN : Span Moment = 1250.58 KNm As Required = 8886.78 mm : As Provided = 9045 mm : Use = 45Y16 : Deflection Check Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300 Support 2 : Support Moment = -49.86 KNm : As Required = 332.11 mm : As Provided = 402 mm : Use = 2Y16 Support 3 : Support Moment = -54.83 KNm : As Required = 367.83 mm : As Provided = 402 mm : Use = 2Y16
Beam 10 Depth = 450 mm : Breadth = 225 mm : Cover = 25 mm : Bar dia = 12 : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm : effectiveDepth, d = 413 mm Span 1 : Length = 3000 mm : Start Reaction = 32.44 KN : End Reaction = 32.44 KN : Span
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Moment = 0 KNm As Required = 0 mm : As Provided = 226 mm : Use = 2Y12 : Deflection Check Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300 Span 2 : Length = 8600 mm : Start Reaction = 95.07 KN : End Reaction = 95.07 KN : Span Moment = 1265.39 KNm As Required = 8990.1 mm : As Provided = 9045 mm : Use = 45Y16 : Deflection Check Not Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300 Support 2 : Support Moment = -157.84 KNm : As Required = 1258.19 mm : As Provided = 1407 mm : Use = 7Y16 Beam 11 Depth = 450 mm : Breadth = 225 mm : Cover = 25 mm : Bar dia = 16 : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm : effectiveDepth, d = 409 mm Span 1 : Length = 3500 mm : Start Reaction = 39.46 KN : End Reaction = 39.46 KN : Span Moment = 82.66 KNm As Required = 582.76 mm : As Provided = 603 mm : Use = 3Y16 : Deflection Check Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300
Beam 12 Depth = 450 mm : Breadth = 225 mm : Cover = 25 mm : Bar dia = 16 : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm : effectiveDepth, d = 409 mm Span 1 : Length = 7000 mm : Start Reaction = 83.12 KN : End Reaction = 83.12 KN : Span Moment = 346.08 KNm As Required = 2576.44 mm : As Provided = 2613 mm : Use = 13Y16 : Deflection Check Ok :
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Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300 Span 2 : Length = 2000 mm : Start Reaction = 21.01 KN : End Reaction = 21.01 KN : Span Moment = 759.51 KNm As Required = 5460.78 mm : As Provided = 5628 mm : Use = 28Y16 : Deflection Check Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300 Support 2 : Support Moment = -115.47 KNm : As Required = 859.64 mm : As Provided = 1005 mm : Use = 5Y16
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Span 2 : Length = 2000 mm : Start Reaction = 23.21 KN : End Reaction = 23.21 KN : Span Moment = 722.88 KNm As Required = 5205.21 mm : As Provided = 5226 mm : Use = 26Y16 : Deflection Check Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300 Support 2 : Support Moment = -148.68 KNm : As Required = 1194.97 mm : As Provided = 1206 mm : Use = 6Y16
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Beam 17 Depth = 450 mm : Breadth = 225 mm : Cover = 25 mm : Bar dia = 16 : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm : effectiveDepth, d = 409 mm Span 1 : Length = 3500 mm : Start Reaction = 51.78 KN : End Reaction = 51.78 KN : Span Moment = 78.2 KNm As Required = 547.21 mm : As Provided = 603 mm : Use = 3Y16 : Deflection Check Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300 Span 2 : Length = 3500 mm : Start Reaction = 51.78 KN : End Reaction = 51.78 KN : Span Moment = 452.14 KNm As Required = 3316.38 mm : As Provided = 3417 mm : Use = 17Y16 : Deflection Check Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300 Support 2 : Support Moment = -45.31 KNm : As Required = 299.87 mm : As Provided = 402 mm : Use = 2Y16
Beam 19
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Depth = 450 mm : Breadth = 225 mm : Cover = 25 mm : Bar dia = 16 : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm : effectiveDepth, d = 409 mm Span 1 : Length = 3500 mm : Start Reaction = 39.67 KN : End Reaction = 39.67 KN : Span Moment = 113.1 KNm As Required = 843.94 mm : As Provided = 1005 mm : Use = 5Y16 : Deflection Check Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300
Beam 20 Depth = 450 mm : Breadth = 225 mm : Cover = 25 mm : Bar dia = 16 : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm : effectiveDepth, d = 409 mm
Span 1 : Length = 3500 mm : Start Reaction = 39.67 KN : End Reaction = 39.67 KN : Span Moment = 87.28 KNm As Required = 620.25 mm : As Provided = 804 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Deflection Check Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300 Span 2 : Length = 3500 mm : Start Reaction = 39.67 KN : End Reaction = 39.67 KN : Span Moment = 435.77 KNm As Required = 3202.17 mm : As Provided = 3216 mm : Use = 16Y16 : Deflection Check Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300 Span 3 : Length = 2000 mm : Start Reaction = 21.01 KN : End Reaction = 21.01 KN : Span Moment = 670 KNm As Required = 4836.29 mm : As Provided = 5025 mm : Use = 25Y16 : Deflection Check Ok : Shear Check Ok : Use Y8 @ 300
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Support 2 : Support Moment = -30.66 KNm : As Required = 201.6 mm : As Provided = 402 mm : Use = 2Y16 Support 3 : Support Moment = -16.83 KNm : As Required = 110.67 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 2Y16 Code reference - BS 8110 : Part 1 : 1997 : Section 3.4.4.4
4.2.3
Column Design
Column Type, CT 1 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0 Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 113.77 KN : Column Moment = 25.88 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.0899 : M/bhfcu = 0.0909 As Required = 617.38 mm : As Provided = 804 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 263.52 KN : Column Moment = 25.7 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.2082 : M/bhfcu = 0.0902 As Required = 30.87 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 413.27 KN : Column Moment = 24.93 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.3265 : M/bhfcu = 0.0875 As Required = 555.64 mm : As Provided = 603 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 563.02 KN : Column Moment = 24.16 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.4449 :
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M/bhfcu = 0.0848 As Required = 592.68 mm : As Provided = 603 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250
Column Type, CT 2 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0 Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 134.66 KN : Column Moment = 28.48 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.1064 : M/bhfcu = 0.1 As Required = 432.16 mm : As Provided = 603 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 294.97 KN : Column Moment = 28.21 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.2331 : M/bhfcu = 0.0991 As Required = 401.3 mm : As Provided = 402 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 450.73 KN : Column Moment = 26.88 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.3561 : M/bhfcu = 0.0944 As Required = 679.12 mm : As Provided = 804 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 606.49 KN : Column Moment = 25.55 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.4792 : M/bhfcu = 0.0897 As Required = 802.59 mm : As Provided = 804 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250
Column Type, CT 3 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0

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Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 108.21 KN : Column Moment = 12.64 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.0855 : M/bhfcu = 0.0444 As Required = 15.43 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 235.57 KN : Column Moment = 13.76 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.1861 : M/bhfcu = 0.0483 As Required = 3.09 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 358.38 KN : Column Moment = 13.12 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.2832 : M/bhfcu = 0.0461 As Required = 9.26 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 481.19 KN : Column Moment = 12.48 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.3802 : M/bhfcu = 0.0438 As Required = 30.87 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250
Column Type, CT 4 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0 Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 87.32 KN : Column Moment = 9.66 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.069 : M/bhfcu = 0.0339
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As Required = 0.31 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 204.12 KN : Column Moment = 10.28 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.1613 : M/bhfcu = 0.0361 As Required = 30.87 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 320.92 KN : Column Moment = 9.67 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.2536 : M/bhfcu = 0.034 As Required = 6.17 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 437.72 KN : Column Moment = 9.06 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.3459 : M/bhfcu = 0.0318 As Required = 3.4 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250
Column Type, CT 9 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0 Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 131.69 KN : Column Moment = 31.29 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.1041 : M/bhfcu = 0.1099 As Required = 185.21 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 300.11 KN : Column Moment = 33.57 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.2371 : M/bhfcu = 0.1179
Page 64
As Required = 246.95 mm : As Provided = 402 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 466.28 KN : Column Moment = 32.72 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.3684 : M/bhfcu = 0.1149 As Required = 302.52 mm : As Provided = 402 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 632.45 KN : Column Moment = 31.86 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.4997 : M/bhfcu = 0.1119 As Required = 277.82 mm : As Provided = 402 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250
Column Type, CT 11 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0 Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 151.35 KN : Column Moment = 31.45 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.1196 : M/bhfcu = 0.1104 As Required = 250.04 mm : As Provided = 402 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 338.61 KN : Column Moment = 34.25 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.2675 : M/bhfcu = 0.1203 As Required = 305.6 mm : As Provided = 402 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 519.36 KN : Column Moment = 32.68 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.4104 : M/bhfcu = 0.1148
Page 65
As Required = 679.12 mm : As Provided = 804 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 700.11 KN : Column Moment = 31.11 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.5532 : M/bhfcu = 0.1092 As Required = 617.38 mm : As Provided = 804 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250
Column Type, CT 12 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0 Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 123.51 KN : Column Moment = 13.7 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.0976 : M/bhfcu = 0.0481 As Required = 3.09 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 267.83 KN : Column Moment = 15.3 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.2116 : M/bhfcu = 0.0537 As Required = 3.09 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 405.31 KN : Column Moment = 14.33 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.3202 : M/bhfcu = 0.0503 As Required = 30.87 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 542.79 KN : Column Moment = 13.36 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.4289 : M/bhfcu = 0.0469
Page 66
As Required = 6.17 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250
Column Type, CT 14 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0 Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 100.48 KN : Column Moment = 11.67 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.0794 : M/bhfcu = 0.041 As Required = 6.17 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 226.25 KN : Column Moment = 12.77 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.1788 : M/bhfcu = 0.0448 As Required = 67.91 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 350.08 KN : Column Moment = 12.12 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.2766 : M/bhfcu = 0.0426 As Required = 64.82 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250
Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 473.91 KN : Column Moment = 11.48 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.3744 : M/bhfcu = 0.0403 As Required = 9.26 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250

Page 67
Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 136.14 KN : Column Moment = 38.76 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.1076 : M/bhfcu = 0.1361 As Required = 833.46 mm : As Provided = 1005 mm : Use = 6Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 316.24 KN : Column Moment = 41.01 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.2499 : M/bhfcu = 0.144 As Required = 802.59 mm : As Provided = 804 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 494.54 KN : Column Moment = 40.12 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.3907 : M/bhfcu = 0.1409 As Required = 895.2 mm : As Provided = 1005 mm : Use = 6Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250
Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 672.84 KN : Column Moment = 39.23 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.5316 : M/bhfcu = 0.1378 As Required = 922.98 mm : As Provided = 1005 mm : Use = 6Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Column Type, CT 17 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0 Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 225.41 KN : Column Moment = 49.27 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.1781 : M/bhfcu = 0.173
Page 68
As Required = 2006.48 mm : As Provided = 2010 mm : Use = 10Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 600.78 KN : Column Moment = 64.84 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.4747 : M/bhfcu = 0.2277 As Required = 6.17 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 975.25 KN : Column Moment = 61.8 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.7706 : M/bhfcu = 0.217 As Required = 1265.62 mm : As Provided = 1407 mm : Use = 8Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 1349.72 KN : Column Moment = 58.76 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 1.0664 : M/bhfcu = 0.2063 As Required = 2099.09 mm : As Provided = 2211 mm : Use = 12Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250
Column Type, CT 18 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0 Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 176.29 KN : Column Moment = 11.25 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.1393 : M/bhfcu = 0.0395 As Required = 6.17 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 458.82 KN : Column Moment = 14.65 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.3625 : M/bhfcu = 0.0514
Page 69
As Required = 123.48 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 740.57 KN : Column Moment = 12.43 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.5851 : M/bhfcu = 0.0436 As Required = 987.8 mm : As Provided = 1005 mm : Use = 6Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 1022.32 KN : Column Moment = 10.2 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.8078 : M/bhfcu = 0.0358 As Required = 1358.23 mm : As Provided = 1407 mm : Use = 8Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250
Column Type, CT 20 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0 Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 100.48 KN : Column Moment = 11.67 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.0794 : M/bhfcu = 0.041 As Required = 6.17 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 226.25 KN : Column Moment = 12.77 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.1788 : M/bhfcu = 0.0448 As Required = 0.62 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 350.08 KN : Column Moment = 12.12 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.2766 : M/bhfcu = 0.0426
Page 70
As Required = 3.09 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 473.91 KN : Column Moment = 11.48 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.3744 : M/bhfcu = 0.0403 As Required = 12.35 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250
Column Type, CT 21 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0 Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 157.97 KN : Column Moment = 7.09 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.1248 : M/bhfcu = 0.0249 As Required = 3.09 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 427.95 KN : Column Moment = 9.31 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.3381 : M/bhfcu = 0.0327 As Required = 9.26 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 697.93 KN : Column Moment = 8.74 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.5515 : M/bhfcu = 0.0307 As Required = 246.95 mm : As Provided = 402 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250
Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 967.91 KN : Column Moment = 8.16 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.7648 :
Page 71

Page 72
Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 149.51 KN : Column Moment = 13.23 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.1181 : M/bhfcu = 0.0465 As Required = 9.26 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 361.83 KN : Column Moment = 16.5 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.2859 : M/bhfcu = 0.0579 As Required = 3.09 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 574.15 KN : Column Moment = 15.59 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.4536 : M/bhfcu = 0.0547 As Required = 27.78 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 786.47 KN : Column Moment = 14.69 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.6214 : M/bhfcu = 0.0516 As Required = 1265.62 mm : As Provided = 1407 mm : Use = 8Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250
Column Type, CT 24 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0 Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 246.6 KN : Column Moment = 18.02 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.1948 : M/bhfcu = 0.0633
Page 73
As Required = 123.48 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 663.6 KN : Column Moment = 25.99 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.5243 : M/bhfcu = 0.0913 As Required = 117.3 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 1080.6 KN : Column Moment = 22.27 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.8538 : M/bhfcu = 0.0782 As Required = 2006.48 mm : As Provided = 2010 mm : Use = 10Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 1497.6 KN : Column Moment = 18.54 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 1.1833 : M/bhfcu = 0.0651 As Required = 3704.27 mm : As Provided = 3819 mm : Use = 20Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Column Type, CT 25 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0 Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 175.87 KN : Column Moment = 11.67 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.139 : M/bhfcu = 0.041 As Required = 3.7 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 470.11 KN : Column Moment = 15.02 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.3714 : M/bhfcu = 0.0527 As Required = 33.96 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250
Page 74
Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 764.35 KN : Column Moment = 12.48 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.6039 : M/bhfcu = 0.0438 As Required = 740.85 mm : As Provided = 804 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 1058.59 KN : Column Moment = 9.93 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.8364 : M/bhfcu = 0.0349 As Required = 1419.97 mm : As Provided = 1608 mm : Use = 8Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250
Column Type, CT 26 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0 Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 114.11 KN : Column Moment = 7.26 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.0902 : M/bhfcu = 0.0255 As Required = 3.09 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 275.15 KN : Column Moment = 9.22 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.2174 : M/bhfcu = 0.0324 As Required = 6.17 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 436.19 KN : Column Moment = 8.9 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.3446 :
Page 75
M/bhfcu = 0.0313 As Required = 12.35 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 597.23 KN : Column Moment = 8.57 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.4719 : M/bhfcu = 0.0301 As Required = 246.95 mm : As Provided = 402 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250
Column Type, CT 27 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0 Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 61.43 KN : Column Moment = 4.03 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.0485 : M/bhfcu = 0.0142 As Required = 3.7 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 136.89 KN : Column Moment = 4.27 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.1082 : M/bhfcu = 0.015 As Required = 3.4 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 212.35 KN : Column Moment = 4.2 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.1678 : M/bhfcu = 0.0147 As Required = 46.3 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 287.81 KN : Column Moment = 4.12 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.2274 :
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Page 77
Cover = 25 mm : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Level 1 : Top Level 12600 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 124.06 KN : Column Moment = 56.13 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.098 : M/bhfcu = 0.1971 As Required = 1883 mm : As Provided = 2010 mm : Use = 10Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 2 : Top Level 9450 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 283.99 KN : Column Moment = 52.94 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.2244 : M/bhfcu = 0.1859 As Required = 1481.71 mm : As Provided = 1608 mm : Use = 8Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 3 : Top Level 6300 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 443.92 KN : Column Moment = 52.79 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.3508 : M/bhfcu = 0.1854 As Required = 1907.7 mm : As Provided = 2010 mm : Use = 10Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Level 4 : Top Level 3150 : Length = 3150 mm : Width = 225 mm : Height = 225 Axialload = 603.85 KN : Column Moment = 52.63 KNm : d/h = 0.818 : N/bhfcu = 0.4771 : M/bhfcu = 0.1848 As Required = 2129.95 mm : As Provided = 2211 mm : Use = 12Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250 Code reference - BS 8110 : Part 1 : 1997 : Section 3.8.4
4.2.4
Foundation Design
Cover = 50 mm : Bar dia = 12 : fcu = 25N/mm : fy = 410 N/mm Base Type, BT 1 : Base Thickness = 400mm : Width = 1600mm : Height = 1600 : effectiveDepth, d = 338 mm
Page 78
MomentX = 51.99KNm : As required = 408.44mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 : Punching Shear Check Ok MomentY = 51.99KNm : As required = 408.44mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 : Punching Shear Check Ok Base Type, BT 2 : Base Thickness = 400mm : Width = 1800mm : Height = 1800 : effectiveDepth, d = 338 mm MomentX = 58.05KNm : As required = 456.05mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 : Punching Shear Check Ok MomentY = 58.05KNm : As required = 456.05mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 : Punching Shear Check Ok
Base Type, BT 3 : Base Thickness = 400mm : Width = 1600mm : Height = 1600 : effectiveDepth, d = 338 mm MomentX = 44.42KNm : As required = 348.97mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 : Punching Shear Check Ok MomentY = 44.42KNm : As required = 348.97mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 : Punching Shear Check Ok
Base Type, BT 4 : Base Thickness = 400mm : Width = 1400mm : Height = 1400 : effectiveDepth, d = 338 mm MomentX = 38.55KNm : As required = 302.86mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 : Punching Shear Check Ok MomentY = 38.55KNm : As required = 302.86mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 :
Page 79
Punching Shear Check Ok
Page 80
Base Type, BT 8 : Base Thickness = 400mm : Width = 1400mm : Height = 1400 : effectiveDepth, d = 338 mm MomentX = 41.73KNm : As required = 327.84mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 : Punching Shear Check Ok MomentY = 41.73KNm : As required = 327.84mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 : Punching Shear Check Ok Base Type, BT 9 : Base Thickness = 400mm : Width = 1600mm : Height = 1600 : effectiveDepth, d = 338 mm MomentX = 62.13KNm : As required = 488.1mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 : Punching Shear Check Ok MomentY = 62.13KNm : As required = 488.1mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 : Punching Shear Check Ok
Base Type, BT 10 : Base Thickness = 400mm : Width = 2000mm : Height = 2000 : effectiveDepth, d = 338 mm MomentX = 132.92KNm : As required = 1047.22mm : As provided = 1130 : Use Y12 @ 100 : Punching Shear Check Not Ok MomentY = 132.92KNm : As required = 1047.22mm : As provided = 1130 : Use Y12 @ 100 : Punching Shear Check Not Ok
Base Type, BT 11 : Base Thickness = 400mm : Width = 2400mm : Height = 2400 : effectiveDepth, d = 338 mm MomentX = 104.98KNm : As required = 824.74mm : As provided = 905 : Use Y12 @ 125 :
Page 81
Punching Shear Check Ok MomentY = 104.98KNm : As required = 824.74mm : As provided = 905 : Use Y12 @ 125 : Punching Shear Check Ok
Base Type, BT 14 : Base Thickness = 400mm : Width = 2000mm : Height = 2000 : effectiveDepth, d = 338 mm MomentX = 70.09KNm : As required = 550.64mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 : Punching Shear Check Ok MomentY = 70.09KNm : As required = 550.64mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 :
Page 82
Punching Shear Check Ok
Base Type, BT 15 : Base Thickness = 400mm : Width = 1600mm : Height = 1600 : effectiveDepth, d = 338 mm MomentX = 72.62KNm : As required = 570.51mm : As provided = 646 : Use Y12 @ 175 : Punching Shear Check Ok MomentY = 72.62KNm : As required = 570.51mm : As provided = 646 : Use Y12 @ 175 : Punching Shear Check Ok Base Type, BT 16 : Base Thickness = 500mm : Width = 1600mm : Height = 1600 : effectiveDepth, d = 438 mm MomentX = 138.27KNm : As required = 841.62mm : As provided = 905 : Use Y12 @ 125 : Punching Shear Check Ok MomentY = 138.27KNm : As required = 841.62mm : As provided = 905 : Use Y12 @ 125 : Punching Shear Check Ok
Base Type, BT 18 : Base Thickness = 400mm : Width = 1600mm : Height = 1600 :

Page 83
effectiveDepth, d = 338 mm MomentX = 55.14KNm : As required = 433.19mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 : Punching Shear Check Ok MomentY = 55.14KNm : As required = 433.19mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 : Punching Shear Check Ok
Base Type, BT 21 : Base Thickness = 400mm : Width = 1600mm : Height = 1600 : effectiveDepth, d = 338 mm MomentX = 55.76KNm : As required = 438.06mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 :
Page 84
Punching Shear Check Ok MomentY = 55.76KNm : As required = 438.06mm : As provided = 566 : Use Y12 @ 200 : Punching Shear Check Ok
4.3.0 4.3.1
Design and Analysis Using RCD 2000 Slab Analysis and Design
Job Ref: Slab Design Designed: Samaila Sani Saulawa Checked:
Date : August, 2012 ____Engr. Samaila Bawa____
fcu = 25.0N/sq. mm.
fy = 410.0N/sq. mm.
Panel No. P1 Sketch:
Type: Two Way Case 4 Depth: 150.00 mm
lx = 3000.mm.
ly =
3500.mm.
ly/lx = 1.167
Page 85
Short Span Coeff. -0.058 & 0.043 Long Span Coeff. -0.047 & 0.035 Uniformly Distributed Load = 10.520kN/m. SHORT SPAN ^^^^^^^^^^ Section Moment (kN.m) Steel (sq. mm) PROVIDE
Span
4.09
195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B
Cont. Edge
5.46
195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
Equivqlent Udl on Beam = 10.520 kN/m
LONG SPAN ^^^^^^^^^^ Section Moment (kN.m) Steel (sq. mm) Span Cont. Edge 3.31 4.45 PROVIDE
176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
Equivqlent Udl on Beam = 11.916 kN/m *Torsional Bars. if any. is 375.000 sq. mm Provide Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T DEFLECTION ^^^^^^^^^^ Span/Depth = **** %As = 0.16 Fs = 273.5 Mod. Factor = 2.00
Page 86
Effective Depth of slab Reqd. = 12.1mm
Panel 2 of 11 Panel No. P2 Sketch: lx = 2000.mm. ly = Type: Two Way Case 2 Depth: 150.00 mm 2100.mm. ly/lx = 1.050
Short Span Coeff. -0.040 & 0.030 Long Span Coeff. -0.037 & 0.028 Uniformly Distributed Load = 10.520kN/m. SHORT SPAN ^^^^^^^^^^ Section Moment (kN.m) Steel (sq. mm) Span 1.27 PROVIDE
195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B
Cont. Edge
1.69
195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
Equivqlent Udl on Beam = 7.013 kN/m LONG SPAN ^^^^^^^^^^ Section Moment (kN.m) Steel (sq. mm) Span Cont. Edge 1.18 1.56 PROVIDE
176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
Equivqlent Udl on Beam = 7.339 kN/m *Torsional Bars. if any. is 375.000 sq. mm Provide Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
Page 87
DEFLECTION ^^^^^^^^^^ Span/Depth = **** %As = 0.16 Fs = 273.5 Mod. Factor = 2.00
Panel 3 of 11 Panel No. P3 Sketch: Span Length Span UDL Type: Simply Supported Depth: 225.00 mm = 9600.mm. = 10.520kN/m.
No. of Point Loads = 0 Moment = 121.19kN. m
Steel Required = 2200.00sq. mm Provide Y20. @ 125.mm c/c Btm Left Shear on Beam/Wall = 50.50kN/m Right Shear on Beam/Wall = 50.50kN/m DEFLECTION ^^^^^^^^^^ Span/Depth = 20.0 %As = 1.10 Fs = 230.3 Mod. Factor = 1.07
Page 88
Short Span Coeff. -0.047 & 0.035 Long Span Coeff. -0.047 & 0.035 Uniformly Distributed Load = 10.520kN/m. SHORT SPAN ^^^^^^^^^^ Section Moment (kN.m) Steel (sq. mm) Span Cont. Edge 4.55 6.04 PROVIDE
195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
Equivqlent Udl on Beam = 12.273 kN/m *Torsional Bars. if any. is 375.000 sq. mm Provide Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T DEFLECTION ^^^^^^^^^^
Page 89
Span/Depth = **** %As = 0.16 Fs = 273.5
Mod. Factor = 1.97
Steel Required = 2300.30sq. mm Provide Y20. @ 125.mm c/c Btm Left Shear on Beam/Wall = 36.82kN/m Right Shear on Beam/Wall = 36.82kN/m
DEFLECTION ^^^^^^^^^^ Span/Depth = 20.0 %As = 1.53 Fs = 154.2 Mod. Factor = 1.26
Panel 6 of 11
Page 90
Panel No. P6 Sketch: lx = 3500.mm. ly =
Type: Two Way Case 2 Depth: 150.00 mm 3500.mm. ly/lx = 1.000
195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
Page 91
223.65 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 291.92 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
Equivqlent Udl on Beam = 17.884 kN/m LONG SPAN ^^^^^^^^^^ Section Moment (kN.m) Steel (sq. mm) PROVIDE
Span Cont. Edge
6.57 8.76
176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 213.18 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
Equivqlent Udl on Beam = 22.079 kN/m *Torsional Bars. if any. is 375.000 sq. mm Provide Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
Page 92
DEFLECTION ^^^^^^^^^^ Span/Depth = **** %As = 0.18 Fs = 273.5 Mod. Factor = 1.64
195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
Equivqlent Udl on Beam = 12.273 kN/m
LONG SPAN ^^^^^^^^^^ Section Moment (kN.m) Steel (sq. mm) Span 3.61 PROVIDE
176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B

Page 93
Cont. Edge
4.77
176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
Steel Required = 2130.20sq. mm Provide Y20. @ 125.mm c/c Btm Left Shear on Beam/Wall = 45.24kN/m Right Shear on Beam/Wall = 45.24kN/m DEFLECTION ^^^^^^^^^^
Page 94
Span/Depth = 20.0 %As = 1.22 Fs = 220.7
Mod. Factor = 1.07
195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
Equivqlent Udl on Beam = 8.961 kN/m *Torsional Bars. if any. is 375.000 sq. mm
Page 95
Provide Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T DEFLECTION ^^^^^^^^^^ Span/Depth = **** %As = 0.16 Fs = 273.5 Mod. Factor = 2.00
195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
Equivqlent Udl on Beam = 10.520 kN/m LONG SPAN ^^^^^^^^^^
Section Moment (kN.m) Steel (sq. mm)
PROVIDE
Page 96
Span Cont. Edge
2.65 3.50
176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T
4.3.2
Beam Analysis and Design Job Ref: BEAM DESIGN Designed: Samaila Sani Saulawa Beam Id: BM1 fcu = 25.0N/sq. mm Mu = 113.724kN. m. Date : August, 2012 Checked: __Engr. Samaila Bawa__
Size: 410. BY 225. mm fy = 410.0N/sq. mm Flange width = 750.mm
A. M O M E N T S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements ------------------Span Length S/N Moment (mm) Steel (Sq. mm) Bottom Top
Page 97
Provide
(kN. m)
1 -4
6000.
0.0
122.
122.
3 - Y16mm
Support Reinforcements ---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N 1 4 62. 1. (kN) 185.2 0.0 B. Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T T Provide
(kN. m) 1617. 122.
573. 6 - Y20mm 122. 3 - Y16mm
SHEAR
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ SPAN LEFT SUPPORT RIGHT SUPPORT Shear Spacing Provide
S/N Shear Spacing Provide SUPT 1
0. 270. R10 @ 250. mm c/c 1. 270. R10 @ 250.mm c/c
1 -4 62. 270. R10 @ 250.mm c/c
*NOTE*: Spacing Based on 2 Legs 10mm Dia. Bar with fy = 250.0 N/sq. mm INPUT LISTING ------------Beam No. 1: BM1 Number of Supports = 2 Number of Spans = 1
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 410.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Beam Loads are: Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads
0.0kN. & 185.2kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
Page 98
1 -4 6000. 10.5 0.0
0.0
0.
Beam 2 of 20 Beam Id: BM2 fcu = 25.0N/sq. mm Mu = 113.724kN. m. Size: 410. BY 225. mm fy = 410.0N/sq. mm Flange width = 750.mm
A. M O M E N T S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements ------------------------Span Length S/N 5 -7 3500. Moment (mm) -40.4 Steel (Sq. mm) Bottom 304. Top B Provide
(kN. m) 122.
3 - Y16mm
Support Reinforcements -----------------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N 5 7 51. -14. (kN) 113.1 0.0 B. Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T T Provide
(kN. m) 1036. 122.
122. 4 - Y20mm 122. 3 - Y16mm
SHEAR
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ SPAN LEFT SUPPORT RIGHT SUPPORT

Page 99
Shear Spacing Provide
0. 270. R10 @ 250. mm c/c
5 -7 51. 270. R10 @ 250.mm c/c -14. 270. R10 @ 250.mm c/c *NOTE*: Spacing Based on 2 Legs 10mm Dia. Bar with fy = 250.0 N/sq. mm INPUT LISTING ---------------------Beam No. 2: BM2 Number of Supports = 2 Number of Spans = 1
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 410.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Beam Loads are: Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads 5 -7 3500. 10.5 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0kN. & 113.1kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
A. M O M E N T S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements

Page 100
------------------Span Length S/N 4 -5 2100. Moment (mm) -14.9 Steel (Sq. mm) Bottom 135. Top B Provide
(kN. m) 135.
3 - Y16mm
Support Reinforcements ---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N 4 5 31. -9. (kN) 41.5 0.0 B. Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T T Provide
(kN. m) 282. 135.
135. 3 - Y16mm 135. 3 - Y16mm
SHEAR
0. 300. R10 @ 300. mm c/c -9. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c
4 -5 31. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 450.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: 0.0kN. & 41.5kN. m.
Page 101
Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Beam Loads are:
0.0kN. &
0.0kN. m.
Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads 4 -5 2100. 10.5 0.0 0.0 0. 0
A. M O M E N T S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements ------------------Span Length S/N 4 -5 2100. Moment (mm) -14.9 Steel (Sq. mm) Bottom 135. Top B Provide
(kN. m) 135.
3 - Y16mm
Support Reinforcements ---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N 4 5 31. -9. (kN) 41.5 0.0 Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T T
Page 102
Provide
(kN. m) 282. 135.
135. 3 - Y16mm 135. 3 - Y16mm
B.
SHEAR
0. 300. R10 @ 300. mm c/c -9. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c
4 -5 31. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 450.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Beam Loads are: Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads 4 -5 2100. 10.5 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0kN. & 41.5kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
Page 103
A. M O M E N T S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements ------------------Span Length S/N 1 -2 2 -4 1000. 5000. Moment (mm) -189.5 31.7 Steel (Sq. mm) Bottom 1316. 135. Top B B Provide
(kN. m) 135. 214.
3 - Y16mm 3 - Y16mm
Support Reinforcements ---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N 1 2 4 300. -243. 32. (kN) 338.6 42.4 0.0 B. Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T T T Provide
(kN. m) 2573. 288. 135.
1413. 6 - Y25mm 135. 3 - Y16mm
135. 3 - Y16mm
SHEAR
S/N Shear Spacing Provide SUPT 1 1 -2 300.
0. 300. R10 @ 300. mm c/c 59. 2R10 @ 100.mm c/c
55. 2R10 @ 100.mm c/c -292.
2 -4 49. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c 32. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c *NOTE*: Spacing Based on 2 Legs 10mm Dia. Bar with fy = 250.0 N/sq. mm
Page 104
INPUT LISTING ------------Beam No. 5: BM5 Number of Supports = 3 Number of Spans = 2
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 450.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Beam Loads are: Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads 1 -2 1000. 8.2 0.0 2 -4 5000. 16.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0 0 0.0kN. & 338.6kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
Page 105
Provide
(kN. m)
5 -6 6 -7
2500. 1000.
-50.8 -2.3
135. 135.
343. 135.
3 - Y16mm 3 - Y16mm
B B
Support Reinforcements ---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N 5 6 7 59. -13. -2. (kN) 114.2 7.6 0.0 B. Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T T T Provide
(kN. m) 882. 135. 135.
135. 3 - Y20mm 135. 3 - Y16mm 135. 3 - Y16mm
SHEAR
0. 300. R10 @ 300. mm c/c
5 -6 59. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c -27. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c 6 -7 13. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c -2. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 450.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: 0.0kN. & 114.2kN. m.
Page 106
Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Beam Loads are:
0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads 5 -6 2500. 12.9 0.0 6 -7 1000. 11.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0 0
Beam 7 of 20
Beam Id: BM7 fcu = 25.0N/sq. mm Mu = 4247.100kN. m.
Size: 2250. BY 225. mm fy = 410.0N/sq. mm Flange width = 750.mm
A. M O M E N T S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements ------------------Span Length S/N 1 -2 2 -3 3 -5 5 -6 6 -7 1000. 2000. 5100. 2500. 1000. Moment (mm) -665.9 111.7 20.3 3.6 0.8 Steel (Sq. mm) Bottom Top Provide
(kN. m) 743. 743. 743. 743. 743.
818. 743. 743. 743. 743.
2-Y20 + 1-Y16mm B 2-Y20 + 1-Y16mm B 2-Y20 + 1-Y16mm B 2-Y20 + 1-Y16mm B 2-Y20 + 1-Y16mm B
Page 107
Support Reinforcements ---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N 1 2 3 5 6 7 1930. -2095. 276. 77. 27. 5. (kN) 1629.6 -295.1 87.2 23.9 2.9 0.0 Steel (Sq. mm) Top 743. Bottom Provide
(kN. m) 2048. 743. 743. 743. 743. 743. B.
3-Y25 + 2-Y20mm T
743. 2-Y20 + 1-Y16mm T 743. 2-Y20 + 1-Y16mm T 743. 2-Y20 + 1-Y16mm T 743. 2-Y20 + 1-Y16mm T 743. 2-Y20 + 1-Y16mm T
SHEAR
0. 600. R10 @ 600. mm c/c 47. 2R10 @ 75.mm c/c
47. 2R10 @ 75.mm c/c *****
2 -3 -176. 414. R10 @ 400.mm c/c 207. 414. R10 @ 400.mm c/c 3 -5 69. 600. R10 @ 600.mm c/c 44. 600. R10 @ 600.mm c/c
5 -6 33. 600. R10 @ 600.mm c/c 16. 600. R10 @ 600.mm c/c 6 -7 11. 600. R10 @ 600.mm c/c 5. 600. R10 @ 600.mm c/c
*NOTE*: Spacing Based on 2 Legs 10mm Dia. Bar with fy = 250.0 N/sq. mm INPUT LISTING ------------Submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic By Samaila Sani Saulawa
Page 108
Beam No. 7: BM7 Number of Supports = 6 Number of Spans = 5
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 2250.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Beam Loads are: Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads 1 -2 1000. 11.0 0.0 2 -3 2000. 15.5 0.0 3 -5 5100. 22.3 0.0 5 -6 2500. 19.5 0.0 6 -7 1000. 16.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0.0kN. & 1629.6kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
A. M O M E N T S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements ------------------Span Length Moment Steel (Sq. mm) Provide
Page 109
S/N 5 -7 3500.
(mm) 0.2
(kN. m) 135.
Bottom 135.
Top B
3 - Y16mm
Support Reinforcements ---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N 5 7 68. 3. (kN) 113.6 0.0 B. Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T T Provide
(kN. m) 878. 135.
135. 3 - Y20mm 135. 3 - Y16mm
SHEAR
0. 300. R10 @ 300. mm c/c 3. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c
5 -7 68. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 450.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Beam Loads are:
0.0kN. & 113.6kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
Page 110
Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads 5 -7 3500. 20.2 0.0 0.0 0. 0
A. M O M E N T S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements -------------------
Span
Length S/N
Moment (mm) -746.9 178.4 -44.0
Steel (Sq. mm) Bottom 2019. 338. 338. Top
Provide
(kN. m) 338. 482. 338.
1 -3 3 -5 5 -7
3000. 5100. 3500.
3 - Y16mm 3 - Y16mm 3 - Y16mm
B B B
Support Reinforcements ---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N 1 780. (kN) 1885.3 Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T
Page 111
Provide
(kN. m) 5595.
2695. 8 - Y32mm
3 5 7
-715. 279. 0.
-328.7 175.7 0.0 B.
338. 475. 338.
338. 3 - Y16mm 338. 3 - Y16mm 338. 3 - Y16mm
T T T
SHEAR
0. 600. R10 @ 600. mm c/c 60. 2R10 @ 100.mm c/c
53. 2R10 @ 100.mm c/c -696.
3 -5 -19. 600. R10 @ 600.mm c/c 179. 396. R10 @ 375.mm c/c 5 -7 100. 414. R10 @ 400.mm c/c 0. 600. R10 @ 600.mm c/c
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 1050.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Beam Loads are: Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads 1 -3 3000. 27.9 0.0 3 -5 5100. 31.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0 0
Page 112
0.0kN. & 1885.3kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
5 -7 3500. 28.6 0.0
0.0
0.
A. M O M E N T S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements ------------------Span Length S/N 1 -3 3 -7 3000. 8600. Moment (mm) -724.1 197.8 Steel (Sq. mm) Bottom 2941. 236. Top B Provide
(kN. m) 236. 764.
3 - Y16mm
2-Y20 + 1-Y16mm B
Support Reinforcements ---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N 1 3 7 377. -147. 114. (kN) 1265.4 229.9 0.0 B. Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T T T Provide
(kN. m) 5280. 941. 236.
3250. 8 - Y32mm 236. 3 - Y20mm 236. 3 - Y16mm
SHEAR
Page 113
0. 450. R10 @ 450. mm c/c
81. 2R10 @ 150.mm c/c -314. 114. 2R10 @ 225.mm c/c
3 -7 167. 313. R10 @ 300.mm c/c 114. 414. R10 @ 400.mm c/c *NOTE*: Spacing Based on 2 Legs 10mm Dia. Bar with fy = 250.0 N/sq. mm INPUT LISTING ------------Beam No. 10: BM10 Number of Supports = 3 Number of Spans = 2
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 750.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Beam Loads are: Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads 1 -3 3000. 20.9 0.0 3 -7 8600. 32.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0 0 0.0kN. & 1265.4kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
Beam 11 of 20 Beam Id: BM11 fcu = 25.0N/sq. mm Size: 450. BY 225. mm fy = 410.0N/sq. mm
Page 114
Mu = 140.400kN. m.
Flange width = 750.mm
A. M O M E N T S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements ------------------Span Length S/N A -D 3500. Moment (mm) 5.8 Steel (Sq. mm) Bottom 135. Top B Provide
(kN. m) 135.
3 - Y16mm
Support Reinforcements ---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N A D 63. 16. (kN) 82.7 0.0 B. Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T T Provide
(kN. m) 600. 135.
135. 3 - Y16mm 135. 3 - Y16mm
SHEAR
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
SPAN
LEFT SUPPORT
RIGHT SUPPORT Shear Spacing Provide
S/N Shear Spacing Provide SUPT A
0. 300. R10 @ 300. mm c/c
A -D 63. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c 16. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c *NOTE*: Spacing Based on 2 Legs 10mm Dia. Bar with fy = 250.0 N/sq. mm INPUT LISTING
Page 115
------------Beam No. 11: BM11 Number of Supports = 2 Number of Spans = 1
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 450.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Beam Loads are: Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads A -D 3500. 22.8 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0kN. & 82.7kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
A. M O M E N T S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements -------------------
Span
Length S/N
Moment (mm) -429.4 -66.2
Steel (Sq. mm) Bottom 1667. 256. Top
Provide
(kN. m) 236. 236.
E -G G -H
7000. 2000.
3 - Y16mm 3 - Y16mm
B B
Support Reinforcements
Page 116
---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N E G H 252. 93. -51. (kN) 1105.6 162.4 0.0 B. Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T Provide
(kN. m) 4658. 641. 236.
2628. 6 - Y32mm
236. 1-Y20 + 2-Y16mm T 236. 3 - Y16mm T
SHEAR
S/N Shear Spacing Provide SUPT E
0. 450. R10 @ 450. mm c/c
E -G 252. 131. R10 @ 125.mm c/c -18. 450. R10 @ 450.mm c/c G -H 111. 414. R10 @ 400.mm c/c -51. 414. R10 @ 400.mm c/c *NOTE*: Spacing Based on 2 Legs 10mm Dia. Bar with fy = 250.0 N/sq. mm INPUT LISTING ------------Beam No. 12: BM12 Number of Supports = 3 Number of Spans = 2
0.0kN. & 1105.6kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
Page 117
E -G 7000. 33.4 0.0 G -H 2000. 30.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0. 0.
0 0
A. M O M E N T S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements ------------------Span Length S/N D -E 1500. Moment (mm) -4.9 Steel (Sq. mm) Bottom 135. Top B Provide
(kN. m) 135.
3 - Y16mm
Support Reinforcements ---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N D E 30. 1. (kN) 21.7 0.0 B. Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T T Provide
(kN. m) 147. 135.
135. 3 - Y16mm 135. 3 - Y16mm
SHEAR
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Page 118
SPAN
LEFT SUPPORT
S/N Shear Spacing Provide SUPT D
0. 300. R10 @ 300. mm c/c 1. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c
D -E 30. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 450.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Beam Loads are: Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads D -E 1500. 21.1 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0kN. & 21.7kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
Beam 14 of 20 Beam Id: BM14 Size: 750. BY 225. mm
fcu = 25.0N/sq. mm Mu = 429.975kN. m.
fy = 410.0N/sq. mm Flange width = 750.mm

Page 119
A. M O M E N T S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements ------------------Span Length S/N E -G G -H 7000. 2000. Moment (mm) -389.6 -72.4 Steel (Sq. mm) Bottom 1504. 280. Top B B Provide
(kN. m) 236. 236.
3 - Y16mm 3 - Y16mm
Support Reinforcements ---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N E G H 245. 104. -61. (kN) 1035.9 167.5 0.0 B. Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T Provide
(kN. m) 4387. 663. 236.
2357. 6 - Y32mm 236.
1-Y20 + 2-Y16mm T T
236. 3 - Y16mm
SHEAR
S/N Shear Spacing Provide SUPT E
0. 450. R10 @ 450. mm c/c -3. 450. R10 @ 450.mm c/c
E -G 245. 136. R10 @ 125.mm c/c
G -H 106. 414. R10 @ 400.mm c/c -61. 414. R10 @ 400.mm c/c *NOTE*: Spacing Based on 2 Legs 10mm Dia. Bar with fy = 250.0 N/sq. mm
Page 120
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 750.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Beam Loads are: Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads E -G 7000. 34.6 0.0 G -H 2000. 22.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0 0 0.0kN. & 1035.9kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
Page 121
Provide
(kN. m)
A -B B -C C -D
1000. 2000. 500.
-47.8 17.6 -8.4
135. 135. 135.
323. 135. 135.
3 - Y16mm 3 - Y16mm 3 - Y16mm
B B B
Support Reinforcements ---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N A B C D 141. -103. 88. -31. (kN) 115.5 -14.0 18.1 0.0 B. Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T T T T Provide
(kN. m) 896. 135. 135. 135.
135. 3 - Y20mm 135. 3 - Y16mm 135. 3 - Y16mm 135. 3 - Y16mm
SHEAR
0. 300. R10 @ 300. mm c/c
A -B 141. 134. R10 @ 125.mm c/c -118. 170. R10 @ 150.mm c/c B -C 15. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c 47. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c
C -D 41. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c -31. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c *NOTE*: Spacing Based on 2 Legs 10mm Dia. Bar with fy = 250.0 N/sq. mm INPUT LISTING ------------Beam No. 15: BM15
Page 122
Number of Supports = 4
Number of Spans = 3
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 450.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Beam Loads are: Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads A -B 1000. 23.5 0.0 B -C 2000. 30.8 0.0 C -D 500. 20.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0. 0 0 0 0.0kN. & 115.5kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
A. M O M E N T S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements ------------------Span Length S/N A -B B -C 1000. 2000. Moment (mm) -47.6 17.2 Steel (Sq. mm) Bottom 322. 135. Top B B
Page 123
Provide
(kN. m) 135. 135.
3 - Y16mm 3 - Y16mm
C -D
500.
-7.9
135.
135.
3 - Y16mm
Support Reinforcements ---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N A B C D 142. -107. 84. -29. (kN) 115.6 -14.8 17.2 0.0 B. Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T T T T Provide
(kN. m) 896. 135. 135. 135.
135. 3 - Y20mm 135. 3 - Y16mm 135. 3 - Y16mm 135. 3 - Y16mm
SHEAR
0. 300. R10 @ 300. mm c/c
A -B 142. 134. R10 @ 125.mm c/c -119. 168. R10 @ 150.mm c/c B -C 12. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c 44. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c
C -D 40. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c -29. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c *NOTE*: Spacing Based on 2 Legs 10mm Dia. Bar with fy = 250.0 N/sq. mm INPUT LISTING ------------Beam No. 16: BM16 Number of Supports = 4 Number of Spans = 3
Page 124
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 450.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Beam Loads are: Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads A -B 1000. 22.3 0.0 B -C 2000. 27.8 0.0 C -D 500. 21.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0. 0 0 0 0.0kN. & 115.6kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
A. M O M E N T S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements ------------------Span Length S/N E -F F -G 3500. 3500. Moment (mm) -240.6 27.7 Steel (Sq. mm) Bottom 1714. 135. Top B B Provide
(kN. m) 135. 187.
3 - Y16mm 3 - Y16mm
Support Reinforcements
Page 125
---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N E F G 194. -11. 42. (kN) 530.3 49.2 0.0 B. Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T T T Provide
(kN. m) 3941. 337. 135.
2781. 5 - Y32mm 135. 3 - Y16mm 135. 3 - Y16mm
SHEAR
S/N Shear Spacing Provide SUPT E E -F 194.
0. 300. R10 @ 300. mm c/c
91. 2R10 @ 175.mm c/c -81. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c
F -G 70. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c 42. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c *NOTE*: Spacing Based on 2 Legs 10mm Dia. Bar with fy = 250.0 N/sq. mm INPUT LISTING ------------Beam No. 17: BM17 Number of Supports = 3 Number of Spans = 2
0.0kN. & 530.3kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
Page 126
E -F 3500. 32.1 0.0 F -G 3500. 32.1 0.0
0.0 0.0
0. 0.
0 0
A. M O M E N T S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements ------------------Span Length S/N D -E 1500. Moment (mm) -5.2 Steel (Sq. mm) Bottom 135. Top B Provide
(kN. m) 135.
3 - Y16mm
Support Reinforcements ---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N D E 30. 1. (kN) 21.7 0.0 B. Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T T Provide
(kN. m) 147. 135.
135. 3 - Y16mm 135. 3 - Y16mm
SHEAR
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Page 127
SPAN
LEFT SUPPORT
S/N Shear Spacing Provide SUPT D
0. 300. R10 @ 300. mm c/c 1. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c
D -E 30. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c
*NOTE*: Spacing Based on 2 Legs 10mm Dia. Bar with fy = 250.0 N/sq. mm
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 450.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Beam Loads are: Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads D -E 1500. 20.1 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0kN. & 21.7kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
A. M O M E N T S
Page 128
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements ------------------Span Length S/N A -D 3500. Moment (mm) 6.2 Steel (Sq. mm) Bottom 135. Top B Provide
(kN. m) 135.
3 - Y16mm
Support Reinforcements ---------------------Supt Reaction Moment S/N A D 84. 19. (kN) 113.1 0.0 B. Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom T T Provide
(kN. m) 872. 135.
135. 3 - Y20mm 135. 3 - Y16mm
SHEAR
0. 300. R10 @ 300. mm c/c
A -D 84. 279. R10 @ 275.mm c/c 19. 300. R10 @ 300.mm c/c *NOTE*: Spacing Based on 2 Legs 10mm Dia. Bar with fy = 250.0 N/sq. mm INPUT LISTING ------------Beam No. 19: BM19
Page 129
Number of Supports = 2
Number of Spans = 1
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 450.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Beam Loads are: Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads A -D 3500. 29.4 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0kN. & 113.1kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
A. M O M E N T S ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Span Reinforcements ------------------Span Length S/N E -F F -G G -H 3500. 3500. 2000. Moment (mm) -407.4 126.2 -48.1 Steel (Sq. mm) Bottom 1576. 236. 236. Top B B B Provide
(kN. m) 236. 487. 236.
3 - Y16mm 3 - Y16mm 3 - Y16mm
Support Reinforcements ---------------------Submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic By Samaila Sani Saulawa
Page 130
Supt
Reaction Moment S/N (kN) 1193.1 -281.2 125.7 0.0 B.
Steel (Sq. mm) Top Bottom
Provide
(kN. m) 4998. 236. 487. 236.
E F G H
477. -427. 264. -33.
2968. 8 - Y32mm 236. 3 - Y16mm 236. 3 - Y16mm 236. 3 - Y16mm
T T T T
SHEAR
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
SPAN
LEFT SUPPORT
S/N Shear Spacing Provide SUPT E E -F 477.
0. 450. R10 @ 450. mm c/c 83. 2R10 @ 150.mm c/c
62. 2R10 @ 100.mm c/c -366.
F -G -61. 414. R10 @ 400.mm c/c 172. 250. R10 @ 250.mm c/c G -H 92. 414. R10 @ 400.mm c/c -33. 414. R10 @ 400.mm c/c *NOTE*: Spacing Based on 2 Legs 10mm Dia. Bar with fy = 250.0 N/sq. mm INPUT LISTING ------------Beam No. 20: BM20 Number of Supports = 4 Number of Spans = 3
Initial Beam Sizes are: H = 750.0 B = 225.0 Bf = 750.0 Hf = 150.0 First Support Cantilever load and Moment are: Last Support Cantilever load and Moment are: 0.0kN. & 1193.1kN. m. 0.0kN. & 0.0kN. m.
Page 131
Beam Loads are: Member Span Udl Triang. Trapez. & Dist. No. of Point Loads E -F 3500. 31.7 0.0 F -G 3500. 31.7 0.0 G -H 2000. 29.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0. 0 0 0
4.3.3
Column Analysis and Design Job Ref: Column Design Date : August, 2012
Designed: Samaila Sani Saulawa
Checked: Column Id.: Cl 1
___Engr. Samaila Bawa_____
fcu = 25.0N/Sq. mm Size : 225 BY 225 mm
fy = 410.0N/Sq. mm Type : BIAXIALLY LOADED
A. INPUT DATA ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Axial Load Moment about X - axis Moment about Y - axis = 113.8kN.
= 25.88kN. m. = 31.20kN. m.
B. FINAL INPUT MOMENTS ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Moment about X - axis Moment about Y - axis = 25.88kN. m. = 31.20kN. m.
Page 132
C. OUTPUT DATA ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Area of Steel required = 1519. Sq. mm. Main Bars : Provide 4 - Y20mm + 2 - Y16mm. Bars Links : Provide Y10mm @ 200mm c/c. = 997.8kN.
Ultimate Axial Load
Ultimate Moment about X-axis = 55.70kN. m. Ultimate Moment about Y-axis = 55.70kN. m. *Steel Percentage = 3.0%
*NOTE:- Steel % based on area required please.
COL. 2 OF 23 Column Id.: Cl 2 fcu = 25.0N/Sq. mm Size : 225 BY 225 mm fy = 410.0N/Sq. mm Type : UNIAXIALLY LOADED
= 28.48kN. m. = 0.00kN. m.
B. FINAL INPUT MOMENTS ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Moment about X - axis = 28.48kN. m.

Page 133
Moment about Y - axis
= 0.00kN. m.
C. OUTPUT DATA ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Area of Steel required = 709. Sq. mm. Main Bars : Provide 4 - Y16mm. Links Bars
: Provide Y10mm @ 150mm c/c. = 737.4kN.
Ultimate Axial Load
COL. 3 OF 23 Column Id.: Cl 3 fcu = 25.0N/Sq. mm Size : 225 BY 225 mm fy = 410.0N/Sq. mm Type : BIAXIALLY LOADED
= 12.64kN. m. = 20.70kN. m.
B. FINAL INPUT MOMENTS ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Page 134
Moment about X - axis Moment about Y - axis
= 12.64kN. m. = 20.70kN. m.
Ultimate Axial Load
= 9.66kN. m. = 8.44kN. m.
B. FINAL INPUT MOMENTS

Page 135
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Moment about X - axis Moment about Y - axis = 9.66kN. m. = 8.44kN. m.
C. OUTPUT DATA ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Area of Steel required = 203. Sq. mm. Main Bars : Provide 4 - Y12mm Links Bars
Ultimate Axial Load
= 31.29kN. m. = 28.90kN. m.
Page 136
Ultimate Axial Load
A. INPUT DATA ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Page 137
Axial Load Moment about X - axis Moment about Y - axis
151.4kN.
= 31.45kN. m. = 25.21kN. m.
Ultimate Axial Load
Ultimate Moment about X-axis = 54.03kN. m. Ultimate Moment about Y-axis = 54.03kN. m.
*Steel Percentage
= 2.9%
COL. 7 OF 23 Column Id.: Cl 7 fcu = 25.0N/Sq. mm fy = 410.0N/Sq. mm

Page 138
Size
: 350 BY 350 mm
Type : BIAXIALLY LOADED
= 13.70kN. m. = 225.00kN. m.
Ultimate Axial Load
Page 139
= 11.67kN. m. = 15.61kN. m.
C. OUTPUT DATA ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Area of Steel required = 608. Sq. mm. Main Bars : Provide 4 - Y16mm. Bars
Links
Ultimate Axial Load
Page 140
= 38.76kN. m. = 29.70kN. m.
C. OUTPUT DATA ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Area of Steel required = 1822. Sq. mm. Main Bars : Provide 6 - Y20mm. Links Bars

Page 141
Ultimate Axial Load
= 49.27kN. m. = 37.60kN. m.
C. OUTPUT DATA ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Area of Steel required = 1620. Sq. mm.

Page 142
Main Bars : Provide 4 - Y20mm + 2 - Y16mm. Bars Links : Provide Y10mm @ 200mm c/c. = 1451.1kN.
Ultimate Axial Load
= 11.25kN. m. = 12.80kN. m.
B. FINAL INPUT MOMENTS ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
= 11.25kN. m. = 12.80kN. m.
Page 143
Ultimate Axial Load
= 11.67kN. m. = 0.00kN. m.

Page 144
Ultimate Axial Load
A. INPUT DATA ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Axial Load Moment about X - axis = 158.0kN. = 7.09kN. m.
Page 145
= 0.00kN. m.
Ultimate Axial Load
A. INPUT DATA ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Page 146
Axial Load Moment about X - axis Moment about Y - axis
= =
133.8kN. 6.71kN. m.
= 8.80kN. m.
Ultimate Axial Load

Page 147
Size
: 225 BY 225 mm
Type : UNIAXIALLY LOADED
= 13.23kN. m. = 0.00kN. m.
Ultimate Axial Load
Page 148
COL. 16 OF 23 Column Id.: Cl 16 fcu = 25.0N/Sq. mm Size : 225 BY 225 mm fy = 410.0N/Sq. mm Type : AXIALLY LOADED
A. INPUT DATA ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Axial Load Moment about X - axis Moment about Y - axis = 246.6kN. = 0.00kN. m. = 0.00kN. m.
: Provide Y10mm @ 150mm c/c. = 246.6kN. = 0.4%
Ultimate Axial Load *Steel Percentage
Page 149
Size
: 225 BY 225 mm
Type : UNIAXIALLY LOADED
A. INPUT DATA ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Axial Load Moment about X - axis Moment about Y - axis = 114.1kN. = 7.26kN. m. = 0.00kN. m.
Ultimate Axial Load
Page 150
= 4.03kN. m. = 0.00kN. m.
Ultimate Axial Load
Ultimate Moment about X-axis = 9.31kN. m.

Page 151
Ultimate Moment about Y-axis = 9.31kN. m. *Steel Percentage = 0.4%
= 19.70kN. m. = 15.00kN. m.
C. OUTPUT DATA ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Area of Steel required = 861. Sq. mm. Main Bars : Provide 4 - Y16mm + 2 - Y12mm. Bars Links : Provide Y10mm @ 150mm c/c.
Page 152
Ultimate Axial Load
= 796.5kN.
= 56.13kN. m. = 0.00kN. m.
C. OUTPUT DATA ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Area of Steel required = 1569. Sq. mm.

Page 153
Main Bars : Provide 4 - Y20mm + 2 - Y16mm. Bars Links : Provide Y10mm @ 200mm c/c. = 1014.0kN.
Ultimate Axial Load
= 52.94kN. m. = 44.30kN. m.
B. FINAL INPUT MOMENTS ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Moment about X - axis = 52.94kN. m.

Page 154
= 44.30kN. m.
Ultimate Axial Load
= 34.17kN. m. = 0.00kN. m.

Page 155
Ultimate Axial Load
A. INPUT DATA ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Axial Load = 24.6kN.

Page 156
= 30.10kN. m. = 0.00kN. m.
C. OUTPUT DATA ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Area of Steel required = 759. Sq. mm. Main Bars : Provide 4 - Y16mm. Bars
Links
Ultimate Axial Load
4.3.4
Base Analysis and Design Job Ref: Base Design Designed: Samaila Sani Saulawa Date : August, 2012 Checked: ____Engr. Samaila Bawa____
Perm./Assumed Soil Pressure = 150.0kN/Sq. m

Page 157
fcu = 25.0 N/Sq. mm Base Id: BS 1
fy = 410.0 N/Sq. mm TYPE : ISOLATED FOOTING Depth : 300. mm Load : 113.770 kN.
Size : 800. by 800. mm Sketch :
A. PARALLEL TO 800.mm Moments = 7.665 kN. m
Area of Steel req. = 397.500 Sq. m Provide Y12. @ 275.mm c/c Bottom ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ B. PARALLEL TO 800.mm Moments = 7.665 kN. m
Area of Steel req. = 367.500 Sq. m Provide Y12. @ 300.mm c/c Bottom ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ C. STRESSES Shear Stress = -.11 N/Sq. mm
Punching Shear Stress = 0.00 N/Sq. mm Local Bond Stress Perm. Shear Stress = 1.62 N/SQ. mm = 0.39 N/SQ. mm
Perm. Local Bond Stress = 2.50 N/SQ. mm
Base 2 of 23 Base Id: BS 2 TYPE : ISOLATED FOOTING

Page 158
Depth : 300. mm Load : 134.660 kN.
Base 3 of 23 Base Id: BS 3 TYPE : ISOLATED FOOTING Depth : 300. mm

Page 159
Size : 750. by 750. mm
Sketch :
Load : 108.210 kN. A. PARALLEL TO 750.mm
Moments
6.943 kN. m
Base 4 of 23 Base Id: BS 4 TYPE : ISOLATED FOOTING Depth : 250. mm Load : 87.320 kN.
Page 160
Base 5 of 23 Base Id: BS 5 TYPE : ISOLATED FOOTING Depth : 300. mm Load : 131.690 kN. A. PARALLEL TO 850.mm
Page 161
Moments
9.298 kN. m
Base 6 of 23 Base Id: BS 6 TYPE : ISOLATED FOOTING Depth : 300. mm Load : 151.350 kN. A. PARALLEL TO 900.mm Moments = 11.132 kN. m
Area of Steel req. = 397.500 Sq. m

Page 162
Provide Y12. @ 275.mm c/c Bottom ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ B. PARALLEL TO 900.mm Moments = 11.132 kN. m
Base 7 of 23 Base Id: BS 7 TYPE : ISOLATED FOOTING
Depth : 300. mm Load : 123.510 kN.
Area of Steel req. = 397.500 Sq. m Provide Y12. @ 275.mm c/c Bottom
Page 163
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ B. PARALLEL TO 800.mm Moments = 8.357 kN. m
Area of Steel req. = 322.500 Sq. m Provide Y12. @ 350.mm c/c Bottom ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Page 164
B. PARALLEL TO 750.mm Moments = 6.480 kN. m
Page 165
Area of Steel req. = 472.500 Sq. m Provide Y12. @ 225.mm c/c Bottom ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ B. PARALLEL TO 1100.mm Moments = 18.486 kN. m

Page 166
Provide Y12. @ 250.mm c/c Bottom ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ C. STRESSES Shear Stress = 0.00 N/Sq. mm
Area of Steel req. = 367.500 Sq. m Provide Y12. @ 300.mm c/c Bottom ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Page 167
C. STRESSES Shear Stress = 0.00 N/Sq. mm
Area of Steel req. = 292.500 Sq. m Provide Y12. @ 375.mm c/c Bottom ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ C. STRESSES
Page 168
Shear Stress
= -.04 N/Sq. mm
Punching Shear Stress = 0.00 N/Sq. mm

Page 169
Local Bond Stress Perm. Shear Stress
= 2.10 N/SQ. mm = 0.39 N/SQ. mm
Page 170
Perm. Local Bond Stress = 2.50 N/SQ. mm Base 15 of 23 Base Id: BS 15 TYPE : ISOLATED FOOTING Depth : 300. mm Load : 149.510 kN. A. PARALLEL TO 900.mm Moments = 10.990 kN. m
Base 16 of 23
Page 171
Base Id: BS 16
TYPE : ISOLATED FOOTING Depth : 350. mm Load : 246.600 kN. A. PARALLEL TO 1150.mm
Moments
= 20.680 kN. m
Area of Steel req. = 442.500 Sq. m Provide Y12. @ 250.mm c/c Bottom ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ C. STRESSES Shear Stress = 0.04 N/Sq. mm
Base 17 of 23 Base Id: BS 17 TYPE : ISOLATED FOOTING Depth : 300. mm

Page 172
Size : 800. by 800. mm
Sketch :
Load : 114.110 kN. A. PARALLEL TO 800.mm
Moments
7.689 kN. m
Page 173
Base 19 of 23 Base Id: BS 19 TYPE : ISOLATED FOOTING Depth : 300. mm Load : 158.700 kN. A. PARALLEL TO 900.mm
Page 174
Moments
= 11.700 kN. m

Page 175
Provide Y12. @ 300.mm c/c Bottom ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ C. STRESSES Shear Stress = -.12 N/Sq. mm
Area of Steel req. = 472.500 Sq. m Provide Y12. @ 225.mm c/c Bottom
Page 176
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ B. PARALLEL TO 1200.mm Moments = 24.381 kN. m
Area of Steel req. = 442.500 Sq. m Provide Y12. @ 250.mm c/c Bottom ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ C. STRESSES Shear Stress = 0.07 N/Sq. mm
Area of Steel req. = 247.500 Sq. m Provide Y12. @ 450.mm c/c Bottom ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ B. PARALLEL TO 350.mm
Page 177
Moments
0.346 kN. m

Page 178
Provide Y12. @ 500.mm c/c Bottom C. STRESSES Shear Stress = -.28 N/Sq. mm
Thank you for using RCD2000 - Pls Contact 0803-323-1885 for Details
Page 179
4.4.0 Result Summary Structural Elements Manual Result Obtained Panel 1 Short Span Mid Span R12@150 At Edge R16@200 Civilsoft 2010 Design Result Panel 1 Short Span Mid Span Y12@300 At Edge Y12@300 RCD 2000 Design Result Panel 1 Short Span Mid Span Y12@250B At Edge Y12@250T Difference
Slab Long Span Mid Span R12@175 At Edge R12@250 Long Span Mid Span Y12@300 At Edge Y12@300 Long Span Mid Span Y12@250B At Edge Y12@250T
Almost the same but they only differs in the spacing and in some cases in diameter of steel rods
Panel 2
Panel 2
Panel 2
Page 180
Short Span Mid Span R12@250 At Edge R12@200 Slab Long Span Mid Span R12@150 At Edge R12@200
Short Span Mid Span Y12@300 At Edge Y12@300
Short Span Mid Span Y12@250B At Edge Y12@250T
Long Span Mid Span Y12@300 At Edge Y12@300
Long Span Mid Span Y12@250B At Edge Y12@250T
Beam 1 Span = 6R16 Beam Shear=R10@200
Beam 1 Span = 8Y16 Shear=Y8@300
Beam 1 Span = 3Y16 Shear=R10@250
Total number of rods required differs in each of the beams and also
Beam 2
Beam 2
Beam 2
Page 181
Span = 3R16 Shear=R8@200
Span = 5Y16 Shear=Y8@300
Span = 3Y16 Shear=R10@300
differs in the spacing
Beam 3 Beam Span = 4R20 Shear=R10@300
Beam 3 Span = 2Y16 Shear=Y8@300
Beam 3 Span = 3Y16 Shear=R10@300
Column 1 4R16 Links R10@200
Column 1 4Y16 Links Y8@250
Column 1 4Y20 + 2Y16 Links Y10@200 Almost the same but they differs in the
Column 2 Column 4R12 Links R10@250
spacing and in some cases in diameter of steel rods
Column 3
Column 3
Column 3
Page 182
4R16 Column Links R10@250
4Y16 Links Y8@250
4Y16 + 2Y12 Links Y10@150
Base 1 R16@200 Base R16@175
Base 1 Y12@200 Y12@200
Base 1 Y12@275 Y12@300 Almost the
Base 2 R16@150 R16@200
Base 2 Y12@200 Y12@200
Base 2 Y12@275 Y12@300
same but they differs in the spacing and in some cases in diameter of steel rods
Base
Base 3 R12@150 R16@175
Base 3 Y12@200 Y12@200
Base 3 Y12@275 Y12@300
Base 10
Base 10
Base 10
Page 183
R16@175 R16@200 Base
Y12@200 Y12@200
Y12@225 Y12@250
The above table shows the summary result of some selected structural elements from the two software and is compared with the manual design to ascertain or judge between the programs. The comparison shows that the design results of Civilsoft 2010 and RCD 2000 has been found to be nearly the same with each other, but there is a little differences among the software. The differences occurred in the total number rods, diameter of the rods and mostly in the spacing.
With these reasons, one can say that the two Software can be strongly useful for the Design and Analysis of Structural elements and their results can be presented everywhere for practical application.
Page 184
CHAPTER FIVE (CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS) 5.1 Conclusion The Analysis and Design of the structure was run using Civilsoft 2010 and RCD 2000 and their results were found to be closely accurate, and the time taken used in the design using the two programs differs quite much, defending on the required parameters to be inputted on each of the software during the design, thereby making each having a different running speed.
The followings are the drawn up conclusions that have emanated from the research of this Project work:-
Civilsoft 2010 and RCD 2000 Civilsoft 2010 instantaneously calculates and displays results within a short time and allows for editing where possible for both inputs and outputs data. While RCD 2000 program does not allow for editing, when design is complete, but starting a fresh design no editing work will be made. On the other hand, RCD 2000 takes much time while inputting data for the analysis and Design impacts, a lot of input data are required for the Design, hence it requires a series of manual calculation before embarking on the Design processes. The Civilsoft 2010 as a user-friendly program for the Computer Analysis, Design and Detailing of reinforced concrete design of structural elements has been successfully tested and found
Page 185
adequate for use. However, it produces its result very fast and receiving the results in an understandable manner enables a great time saving, accuracy and hence, an optimized design. Generally, each of the two software that is, Civilsoft 2010 and RCD 2000 can be used in the Design of Reinforced Concrete elements and can be presented anywhere with no doubt in terms of their accuracy. But to be frank and sincere, despite of its cost, Civilsoft 2010 can serve as the best in terms of accuracy, fastness, great time saving, well arranged and an optimized result output and the software version is upgraded from time to time.
The results of this project were in line with the expectations and objectives. 5.2 Recommendations The recommendations directly affiliated with the two programs are given as follows: The Civilsoft QuickCivilSeries as a widely used Civil/Structural Engineering Software both within and outside Nigeria has to reduce the cost of buying the software so as Students and young engineers can afford it. The RCD 2000 software has to be upgraded to reduce the difficulties when using the program, due to its inability to accept/edit errors. To continue developing, expanding and improving this software application hoping that one day, it will be a full structural analysis program catering for the analysis and design of frames, trusses and other structural elements. Other general recommendations regarding the developments and advances in computer applications and Civil Engineering:
Page 186
The Department of Civil Engineering at Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic should introduce a computer lab specifically for the use of Civil Engineering Students so as to promote the use of Computer software in the Engineering profession.
The Department should also encourage conducting similar final year projects dealing with Computer applications in the future.
More emphasis regarding Computer Technology and applications to Engineering should be made at an academic level in different courses. This would broaden the intellect of students as well as expose them to new technologies in all Engineering disciplines.
Page 187
REFERENCES 1. Victor O. Oyenuga.; Simplified Reinforced Concrete Design, 2 nd Edition ASROS Ltd., 2008 pages (2), (8-9), (81-102) 371,410 2. Mosley W. H. & Bungey J. H.; Reinforced Concrete Design, 4th Edition, Macmillan Press, 1990 Pages 56-58, 98-99 3. Ttti Chandigarh.; Civil Engineering Materials, McGraw - Hill Education India Ltd. 4. Manual for the Design of Reinforced Concrete Building Structures, Institute of Structural Engineers, 1985. Pages 182-191 5. Timoshenko S. P. & Young D. H.; Theory of Structures, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1965 6. Todd J. D.; Structural Theory & Analysis, 2nd Edition, Macmillan Press, 1981
Page 188
4Y12 - 62 - 300 T2
4Y12 - 34 - 300 T2 7Y12 - 02 - 300 B2 12Y12 - 03 - 300 B1 7Y12 - 07 - 300 B2 11Y12 - 64 - 300 T1 17Y12 - 12 - 300 B2 29Y12 - 24 - 300 B1 11Y12 - 26 - 300 B2 6Y12 - 27 - 300 B1 9Y12 - 37 - 300 T1 24Y12 - 13 - 300 B1 17Y12 - 45 - 300 T1
7Y12 - 05 - 300 B2 17Y12 - 54 - 300 T1 9Y12 - 09 - 300 B1 8Y12 - 39 - 300 T1
33
34
38
19 63
44
7Y12 - 42 - 300 T2 23Y12 - 66 - 300 T1

3500 14000 3500 2000
43
46
24Y12 - 08 - 300 B1 12Y12 - 16 - 300 B2 E
48
47 14
16
45
13
79
78
8Y12 - 67 - 300 T2 4Y12 - 06 - 300 B2 06 4Y12 - 61 - 300 T2 61 9Y12 - 53 - 300 T2 9Y12 - 52 - 300 T1 6Y12 - 57 - 300 T2 6Y12 - 68 - 300 T1
67 07 12 81
13 80 08 66
50
51
17 56
57
52
53
54
55
G H
11Y12 - 22 - 300 B1 62
22
69
24
24
7Y12 - 51 - 300 T2 12Y12 - 18 - 300 B2 86
6Y12 - 43 - 300 T1 7Y12 - 23 - 300 B2 58 9Y12 - 63 - 300 T2
7Y12 - 25 - 300 B2 6Y12 - 76 - 300 T2 4Y12 - 74 - 300 T2 3Y12 - 59 - 300 T259
6Y12 - 65 - 300 T2 11Y12 - 69 - 300 T2
9Y12 - 55 - 300 T2
1000 2000
3000
2100 11600
2500
1000
Project Title
Consultants
Design of three storey residential building SSS HUK Poly

Saulawa Saulawa 07036510815
84
85
82
73
37 19
20
19
41
35
36 27 21
77
39
10 40
D 7Y12 - 20 - 300 B1 4Y12 - 49 - 300 T2 8Y12 - 47 - 300 T1 E 11Y12 - 78 - 300 T1 15 9Y12 - 14 - 300 B1 4Y12 - 84 - 300 T2 11Y12 - 50 - 300 T1
49
83
72
4Y12 - 01 - 300 B2 01 4Y12 - 60 - 300 T2 60 6Y12 - 35 - 300 T1 5Y12 - 21 C - 300 B2 D 27Y12 - 19 - 300 B1
02
65
64
26
70
1000 2000 4Y12 - 29 - 300 T2 4Y12 - 30 A - 300 T2 7Y12 - 28 - 300 B1

1000 2000 500 1500 29 03
3000
11600 4
2100
4Y12 - 15 - 300 B1 4Y12 - 41 - 300 T2
7Y12 - 11 - 300 B2
2500
1000 4Y12 - 31 - 300 T2

1000 2000 500 1500
74
3Y12 - 32 - 300 T2 7Y12 - 04 - 300 B1 5Y12 - 36 - 300 T2
A B
30 27 28
31 10
32
04
76
09
11
10
71
75 05
10Y12 - 10 - 300 B1 C
42
11Y12 - 80 - 300 T1
8Y12 - 81 - 300 T2 12Y12 - 17 - 300 B1 4Y12 - 85 - 300 T2 11Y12 - 56 - 300 T1

3500
14000 3500
18
G H
2000
23
68
25
8Y12 - 86 - 300 T2
DrawnBy: DesignedBy: CheckedBy: Date:
Samaila Sani Saulawa Samaila Sani Saulawa Engr. Samaila Bawa
Drawing Sheet Title
beam details
Scale: SheetNo:
8/25/2012 6:00:51 PM
1:100
4Y12 - 62 - 300 T2
4Y12 - 34 - 300 T2 7Y12 - 02 - 300 B2 12Y12 - 03 - 300 B1 7Y12 - 07 - 300 B2 11Y12 - 64 - 300 T1 17Y12 - 12 - 300 B2 29Y12 - 24 - 300 B1 11Y12 - 26 - 300 B2 6Y12 - 27 - 300 B1 9Y12 - 37 - 300 T1 24Y12 - 13 - 300 B1 17Y12 - 45 - 300 T1
7Y12 - 05 - 300 B2 17Y12 - 54 - 300 T1 9Y12 - 09 - 300 B1 8Y12 - 39 - 300 T1
33
34
38
19 63
44
7Y12 - 42 - 300 T2 23Y12 - 66 - 300 T1

3500 14000 3500 2000
43
46
24Y12 - 08 - 300 B1 12Y12 - 16 - 300 B2 E
48
47 14
16
45
13
79
78
8Y12 - 67 - 300 T2 4Y12 - 06 - 300 B2 06 4Y12 - 61 - 300 T2 61 9Y12 - 53 - 300 T2 9Y12 - 52 - 300 T1 6Y12 - 57 - 300 T2 6Y12 - 68 - 300 T1
67 07 12 81
13 80 08 66
50
51
17 56
57
52
53
54
55
G H
11Y12 - 22 - 300 B1 62
22
69
24
24
7Y12 - 51 - 300 T2 12Y12 - 18 - 300 B2 86
6Y12 - 43 - 300 T1 7Y12 - 23 - 300 B2 58 9Y12 - 63 - 300 T2
7Y12 - 25 - 300 B2 6Y12 - 76 - 300 T2 4Y12 - 74 - 300 T2 3Y12 - 59 - 300 T259
6Y12 - 65 - 300 T2 11Y12 - 69 - 300 T2
9Y12 - 55 - 300 T2
1000 2000
3000
2100 11600
2500
1000
Project Title
Consultants
Design of three storey residential building SSS HUK Poly

Saulawa Saulawa 07036510815
84
85
82
73
37 19
20
19
41
35
36 27 21
77
39
10 40
D 7Y12 - 20 - 300 B1 4Y12 - 49 - 300 T2 8Y12 - 47 - 300 T1 E 11Y12 - 78 - 300 T1 15 9Y12 - 14 - 300 B1 4Y12 - 84 - 300 T2 11Y12 - 50 - 300 T1
49
83
72
4Y12 - 01 - 300 B2 01 4Y12 - 60 - 300 T2 60 6Y12 - 35 - 300 T1 5Y12 - 21 C - 300 B2 D 27Y12 - 19 - 300 B1
02
65
64
26
70
1000 2000 4Y12 - 29 - 300 T2 4Y12 - 30 A - 300 T2 7Y12 - 28 - 300 B1

1000 2000 500 1500 29 03
3000
11600 4
2100
4Y12 - 15 - 300 B1 4Y12 - 41 - 300 T2
7Y12 - 11 - 300 B2
2500
1000 4Y12 - 31 - 300 T2

1000 2000 500 1500
74
3Y12 - 32 - 300 T2 7Y12 - 04 - 300 B1 5Y12 - 36 - 300 T2
A B
30 27 28
31 10
32
04
76
09
11
10
71
75 05
10Y12 - 10 - 300 B1 C
42
11Y12 - 80 - 300 T1
8Y12 - 81 - 300 T2 12Y12 - 17 - 300 B1 4Y12 - 85 - 300 T2 11Y12 - 56 - 300 T1

3500
14000 3500
18
G H
2000
23
68
25
8Y12 - 86 - 300 T2
DrawnBy: DesignedBy: CheckedBy: Date:
Samaila Sani Saulawa Samaila Sani Saulawa Engr. Samaila Bawa
Drawing Sheet Title
beam details
Scale: SheetNo:
8/25/2012 6:00:51 PM
1:100

Comparison Between Civilsoft 2010 and RCD 2000 in The Design of Three Storey Residential Building

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Comparison Between Civilsoft 2010 and RCD 2000 in The Design of Three Storey Residential Building

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Comparison Between Civilsoft 2010 and RCD 2000 in the Design of Three Storey Residential Building

SAMAILA SANI SAULAWA REG. NO: H10CE005

Samaila Sani Saulawa Reg No: H10CE005 . Signature/Date

TABLE OF CONTENT Approval Page ......i Certification.....ii Dedication...iii Abstract.......iv Acknowledgement.......................................v

1.3.1 Scope...5 1.3.2 Limitations..5 1.4.0 Methodology.....5-6

CHAPTER FIVE (CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS) 5.1 Conclusion..167-168 5.2 Recommendation....168-169

CHAPTER ONE (INTRODUCTION) 1.0 General

Scope and Limitations of the Project

CHAPTER TWO (LITERATURE REVIEW) 2.0 Preamble

Program Development in Engineering

Staircase Is a name for a construction designed to bridge a large vertical distance by

0.90 Unbraced Column

3 4 Enter values of Bx & By 0.75 0.75

Analysis and Design Slab Design

Column Type, CT 3 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0

As Required = 6.17 mm : As Provided = 201 mm : Use = 4Y16 : Link Use Y8 @ 250

Column Type, CT 15 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0

Column Type, CT 23 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0

Column Type, CT 29 : Top Level = 12600 - Bottom Level = 0

Punching Shear Check Ok

Punching Shear Check Ok

Base Type, BT 18 : Base Thickness = 400mm : Width = 1600mm : Height = 1600 :

Job Ref: Slab Design Designed: Samaila Sani Saulawa Checked:

Date : August, 2012 ____Engr. Samaila Bawa____

fcu = 25.0N/sq. mm.

Panel No. P1 Sketch:

Type: Two Way Case 4 Depth: 150.00 mm

195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B

195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T

Equivqlent Udl on Beam = 10.520 kN/m

176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T

Effective Depth of slab Reqd. = 12.1mm

195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B

195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T

176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T

Effective Depth of slab Reqd. = 8.1mm

No. of Point Loads = 0 Moment = 121.19kN. m

Effective Depth of slab Reqd. = 447.3mm

195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T

176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T

Span/Depth = **** %As = 0.16 Fs = 273.5

Mod. Factor = 1.97

Effective Depth of slab Reqd. = 14.3mm

No. of Point Loads = 0 Moment = 64.44kN. m

Effective Depth of slab Reqd. = 276.7mm

Panel No. P6 Sketch: lx = 3500.mm. ly =

Type: Two Way Case 2 Depth: 150.00 mm 3500.mm. ly/lx = 1.000

195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T

176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T

Effective Depth of slab Reqd. = 14.1mm

223.65 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 291.92 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T

Span Cont. Edge

176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 213.18 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T

Effective Depth of slab Reqd. = 25.1mm

195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B 195.00 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T

Equivqlent Udl on Beam = 12.273 kN/m

176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c B

176.80 Y12. @ 250.mm c/c T

Effective Depth of slab Reqd. = 14.1mm

No. of Point Loads = 0 Moment = 97.26kN. m

Span/Depth = 20.0 %As = 1.22 Fs = 220.7

Mod. Factor = 1.07

Effective Depth of slab Reqd. = 400.4mm

Date : August, 2012 Engr. Samaila Bawa