SafetyStandardsandTesting Overview

CrashSafetyLegislation:Europe, USAandothercountries

LegislationTypes Legislation Types

International
ECE(UNEconomicCommissionforEurope) EU(EGDirective)

National
Canada/USA(CMVSS/FMVSS) Australia(ADR) Japan India(AIS)

Provincial/State
Canada USA Australia

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Legislation Types LegislationTypes
InternationalHarmonizedregulations How everything started Howeverythingstarted AgreementsadministeredbyWP.29 1958 A 1958Agreement t 1998Agreement E EuropeanRegulatorysystem R l

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Internationalharmonizedregulations International harmonized regulations

DevelopedwithinUnitedNationsEconomicCommissionfor EuropeUNECEWP.29forinternationalharmonization purpose
1958agreement"Agreementconcerningtheadoptionof uniformtechnicalprescriptionsforwheeledvehicles,equipment if t h i l i ti f h l d hi l i t andpartswhichcanbefittedand/orbeusedonwheeled vehiclesandtheconditionsforreciprocalrecognitionof approvalsgrantedonthebasisoftheseprescriptions" pp g f p p 1995revision:includingalsononECEcountries 1998agreement

National decisions to put in place new ECE regulations NationaldecisionstoputinplacenewECEregulations

ThroughECDGEnterprise

ForEuropeEEVCcoordinatespreregulatoryresearches

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WP.29:Howeverythingstarted WP.29: How everything started

Createdin1952asaWorkingPartyofexpertson C eated 95 as a o g a ty o e pe ts o technicalrequirementsofvehicles g p 1956RomeAgreement:firststeptoharmonize vehicleregulations The1958Agreement(20June1959)onuniform conditionsofapprovalandmutualrecognitionof approvalsofvehicles,componentsandparts
A ti Activeandpassivesafety d i f t Protectionoftheenvironment Antitheft protection Anti theftprotection

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WP.29:WorldForumfor HarmonizationofVehicleRegulations f h l l

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The 1958 Agreement The1958Agreement The1997Agreement(27January2001)on periodicaltechnicalinspections periodical technical inspections The1998Global(Parallel)Agreement(25 August2000)onglobaltechnicalregulations August 2000) on global technical regulations In2000WP.29becametheWorldForumfor HarmonizationofVehicleRegulationsthatisa Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations that is a workingpartyoftheUnitedNationsEconomic CommissionforEurope(UNECE)

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ParticipationinWP.29 Participation in WP.29

Open to all UN Member States and Regional OpentoallUNMemberStatesandRegional EconomicIntegrationOrganizations(EC)
Governments and Technical services GovernmentsandTechnicalservices

InterGovernmentalOrganizations NonGovernmentalOrganizations
ISO,RoadUsers,Vehicleandspareparts Manufacturers,EEVC,Consumers...

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AgreementsadministeredbyWP.29(1) Agreements administered by WP.29 (1)

ConcludedunderUNECEauspices Concluded under UNECE auspices Internationallaw Elaboratedbyconsensus Elaborated by consensus Mainlegaltext,TechnicalAnnexes Amendedastheneedsarise A d d th d i TheDepositaryistheUnitedNations SecretaryGeneral(UNSG) S t G l (UN S G) FollowwellestablishedUNlegalprocedures

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AgreementsadministeredbyWP.29(1) Agreements administered by WP.29 (1)

Open to all UN Member States and Regional OpentoallUNMemberStatesandRegional EconomicIntegrationOrganization(REIO) Many non ECE States are already Parties ManynonECEStatesarealreadyParties TobecomeaContractingParty(CP),deposit aninstrumentwiththeSG i ih h SG Noaccessionfee

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The1958Agreement The 1958 Agreement

Objectives: Increasevehicleandroadsafety,vehicle environmentalperformanceandfacilitate environmental performance and facilitate vehiclestradethrough: Uniformprescriptionsforvehiclesandtheirparts (UNECERegulationsannexedtotheAgreement) Typeapprovalofvehiclesandtheirparts Reciprocalrecognitionofapprovalsgranted

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1958Agreement 1958 Agreement

KeyProvisions(1) Key Provisions (1) RegulationsareapartoftheAgreement.They areinternationallaw are international law CPsarefreetobeboundbyall,someorno Regulation Regulationsapplytovehiclesandtheirparts g pp y p

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1958Agreement 1958 Agreement

KeyProvisions(2) ey o s o s ( ) Regulationstoinclude: technicalprescriptionsandalternative technical prescriptions and alternative requirementsasappropriate testmethodsandconditionsforgrantingtype test methods and conditions for granting type Approvals typeapprovalsandtheirmutualrecognition, yp pp g , Marketing prescriptionsforconformityofproduction

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1958Agreement 1958 Agreement

KeyProvisions(3) Key Provisions (3) Testsconductedbyapprovedtechnicalservices Designated Administrative Departments grant DesignatedAdministrativeDepartmentsgrant typeapprovals,iftestsarepassed M t l MutualrecognitionforCPsapplyingaRegulation iti f CP l i R l ti Opentoselfcertificationprocedures,butfocused ontypeapproval

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1958Agreement 1958 Agreement

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EU,ECE&USA EU, ECE & USA

Mostnotablenon signatorytothe1958 Most notable nonsignatory to the 1958 AgreementistheUnitedStates,whichhasits ownFederalMotorVehicleSafetyStandards (FMVSS)anddoesnotrecognizeECE approvals. ECEvehiclesandcomponentsthereforecannot beimportedorexportedbetweentheU.S. andmostoftherestoftheworldwithout d f h f h ld i h appropriatemodifications.

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The1998Agreement The 1998 Agreement

Objectives: Improveglobalsafety,decreaseenvironmental pollutionandconsumptionofenergyandimprove pollution and consumption of energy and improve antitheftperformanceofvehiclesandrelated componentsandequipmentthrough:
Establishingglobaltechnicalregulations(GTRs)ina GlobalRegistrybasedonUNECERegulationsoron Gl b l R i t b d UNECE R l ti nationalregulationslistedinaCompendiumof candidates GTR harmoni ing them at the highest level candidatesGTRharmonizingthematthehighestlevel

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The1998Agreement The 1998 Agreement

Keyprovisions(1) yp ( ) gtrstoincludefieldofapplication,technical prescriptions,alternativerequirementsas appropriate,testmethods appropriate test methods Nocertificationprocedure(typeapprovalorself certification) Noreciprocalrecognition Introducetwomainsubsets
CompendiumofCandidateGlobaltechnical Regulations Registry of global technical regulations Registryofglobaltechnicalregulations

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The1998Agreement The 1998 Agreement

Keyprovisions(2) Key provisions (2) AdoptionofgtrsbyconsensusoftheExecutive Committee(AC.3)oftheAgreementpresent Committee (AC 3) of the Agreement present andvoting gtrsmayspecifyalternativenongloballevels if l i l b ll l ofstringencyorperformanceandappropriate testprocedureswhenneededtofacilitatethe d h d d f ili h regulatoryactivitiesofdevelopingcountries

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The1998Agreement The 1998 Agreement

Keyprovisions(3) yp ( ) CPsvotinginfavour shallinitiateinternalproceduresto incorporategtrintotheirnationallaws levelof Stringency St i ACPmaydecidenottoadoptagtrinformingtheSG Periodical reports to the S G regarding the procedure PeriodicalreportstotheSGregardingtheprocedure foradoptionofthegtr ACPnotadoptingagtrmaydecidetoacceptproducts p g g y p p incompliancewiththeprescriptionsoftheGtr ACPmayintroduceanamendedgtrasnationallaw

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The1998Agreement The 1998 Agreement

CompendiumofCandidates Catalogueofregulationsthatarecandidatesfor harmonizationoradoptionasgtrs UNECE Regulations of the 1958 Agreement are UNECERegulationsofthe1958Agreementare Candidates AnyCPmayproposeanytechnicalregulationforits listingintheCompendium li ti i th C di VotinginAC.3:Atleast1/3oftheCPspresentingand voting,with,inaddition,thepositivevoteofUSA,EC g, , , p , andJapan Now:123UNECERegulations+9technicalregulations

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The1998Agreement The 1998 Agreement

G oba eg st y ( ) GlobalRegistry(1) TheRegistrycontainsalladoptedgtrs Agtrcanbeestablishedthroughharmonization A gtr can be established through harmonization ofexistingregulations,onthebasisofa regulationlistedintheCompendium,orofa UNECERegulationunderthe1958Agreement Agtrcanalsobeestablishedconcerningelements ofperformanceordesigncharacteristicsnot f f d i h t i ti t addressedbytechnicalregulationsinthe CompendiumorbyUNECERegulations Compendium or by UNECE Regulations

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The1998Agreement The 1998 Agreement

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EuropeanRegulatorySystem European Regulatory System

ECE(Geneva) ( ) ECE Economic CommissionforEurope WP 29 G WP29Geneva Regulations voluntary All European countries AllEuropeancountries plusothers(US,Russia, Japan) Approvalof>2/3of parties About 130 regulations About130regulations EC(Brussels) ( ) EC European Commission B Brussels l Directives mandatoryfor memberstates member states Allmembersstates InvolvementofEuropean Parliament P li t Allhaveagree (consensus)

CrashRegulations Crash Regulations

Frontalcollisionprotection Frontal collision protection Sideimpactprotection Rearimpacts(Fuelleakage) i ( ll k ) Roofstrength Componentandsystemtests
Pedestrian edes a Childsafety

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FrontalcollisionEU,96/79/EC Frontal collision EU, 96/79/EC

Newcars1/1098 Allnewregistrations1/1003 General: The directive applies to new cars in category M1 with a ThedirectiveappliestonewcarsincategoryM1witha GrossVehicleWeightRating(GVWR)lessorequalto2500kg. Newtestswithacompletevehiclemightberequiredifthere arechangesmaderesultinginanincreaseoftheweightwith are changes made resulting in an increase of the weight with morethan8%onavehicleapprovedaccordingtothis directiveoriftherearestructuralchangesaffectingthe collisionperformance. collision performance. Vehiclesapprovedinaccordancetothisdirectiveare excludedfromthe74/297/EECsteeringwheeltest.

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FrontalcollisionEU,96/79/EC Frontal collision EU, 96/79/EC

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FrontalcollisionEU,96/79/EC Frontal collision EU, 96/79/EC

Testmethod: 40% 20mmoverlapin56km/h. / Deformablebarrier(ALhoneycomb). TwoHybridIIIdummiesinthefrontseats(injurycriteria). The vehicle should be a representative production vehicle the choice of Thevehicleshouldbearepresentativeproductionvehicle,thechoiceof leftorrighthanddriveismadetogetherwiththeissuingauthority. Nodoorisallowedtoopenduringtestandthefrontdoorsmaynotbe jammed jammed. Itshouldbepossibletoopenatleastonedoorperpassengerrowwithout toolsaftercrashandthemaximumforceneededtounbucklethecrash testdummyis60N.Furtheron,thedummymustberemovablewithout y , y adjustingtheseats. Thefuelleakagemaynotexceed30g/min.

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FrontalcollisionEU,96/79/EC Frontal collision EU, 96/79/EC

Injurycriteria Head:HPC(HeadPerformanceCriterion),lessorequalto 1000. Head acceleration (3 ms): Less or equal to 80 g. Headacceleration(3ms):Lessorequalto80g. Chest:ThoraxCompressionCriterion(ThCC):50mm. Softtissuecriterion(VC),lessorequalto1.0m/s. N k N k b di Neck:Neckbendingmoment,lessorequalto57Nm. t l l t 57 N Neck:NIC(NeckInjuryCriterion)maynotexceedfollowing: NeckShearforce:3.1 1.1kNdependentlytotimeduration p y NeckTensionForce:3.3 1.1kNdependentlytotime duration

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FrontalcollisionECER94 Frontal collision ECE R94

Tension

Shear

GraphsfromKUSchmidt(2005)

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FrontalcollisionEU,96/79/EC Frontal collision EU, 96/79/EC

Injurycriteria Thighbone:FemurForceCriterion(FFC)dependentlytodurationofthe ( ) pulse:9 7.8kN Shinbone:TibiaCompressionForceCriterion(TCFC),lessorequalto8kN Tibia Index: Less or equal to 1 3 (top and bottom) TibiaIndex:Lessorequalto1.3(topandbottom). Movementoftheslidingkneejoints:Lessorequalto15mm. Steeringwheelintrusion:Lessorequalto80mmupwards/verticaland less orequalto100mmrearwards/horizontal. TheEUCommissionconsidertoimprove: collisionvelocity injurycriteria newrequirementsregardingfloorintrusion

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FrontalcollisionUSA,(FMVSS208) Frontal collision USA, (FMVSS 208)

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FrontalcollisionUSA,(FMVSS208) Frontal collision USA, (FMVSS 208)

PresentFMVSS208(depoweredairbags) 30mph0 30 fullfrontalcollisionbelted/notbeltedintobarrier
Sledtestingwithunbelteddummies
Pulsecorrespondstoappr.22mphbarriertest Completevehicleonsled

Barrier test with belted dummies Barriertestwithbelteddummies

30mph(0degr,+ 30degr.) 2hybridIIIdummiesinfrontseat(onefemale5%%)

BarrierinaccordancewithSAEJ850

Injurycriteria:
Head(HIC)max700 Chest acclrationmax60g Thighforcemax10kN hi h f k Thoraxcompressionmax3=76mm Neckinjurycriteria:flexionbending,extensionbending, axialtension,axialcompression,fore aft shear. axial tension axial compression foreaftshear

TheHybridIIIdummyiscompulsoryasfrom1/997

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FrontalcollisionUSA,(FMVSS208) AdvancedAirbagFinalRule d d b l l

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Safetyproblem:
Approximately200occupantskilledbyairbags Mainlychildrenandsmallfemaledrivers Depoweredairbagsonlytemporarysolution

Fi l R l FinalRulepublishedMay2000 bli h d M 2000 Effectivedates(phasein)firstphase:

FirstphasestartingSept1,2003 S Secondphasestarting2007 d h t ti 2007

Increasebeltedtestspeedto35mph Goals: I Improvedoccupantprotectioninhighspeedimpacts,beltedand d t t ti i hi h di t b lt d d unbeltedoccupants Minimizerisktoinfants,childrenandotheroccupantsfrominjuries causedbyairbags caused by air bags

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Frontalcollision Frontal collision requirements

Australia ADR69: from1/196,asbeltedFMVSS208,from1/198 onlyHIIIdummy. only H III dummy ADR73proposal:Frontalcollisionaccordingtothenew 96/79/EC,i.e.56km/h,40%offset.1/199NewTypes,1/1 g p y g 04allregistrations.Discussionsaboutpossiblyraisingthe collisionspeedfurther. ECE.R33. CMVSS208 EconomicCommissionEurope(ECE) ( ) ECER.29.01 ECER.33 ECER.34.01 ECE R 34 01 ECER.94(willbeharmonizedwithcorrespondingEU directives,96/79/EC)

Bulgaria Canada

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Frontalcollision Frontal collision requirements

EuropeanUnion 96/79/ECfrom1/1098NewTypes from1/1003Allregistrations f 1/10 03 All i t ti (56km/h,40%offset) Discussionsareheldaboutchangingthebarrier,test speed,injurycriteriainthefuture. GS36FMVSS301(Norollover) TRIAS47from1/499,allimportedcarsmustpass, belteddummiesasFMVSS208 Therearedemandsoffuelleakagetestaccordingto There are demands of fuel leakage test according to FMVSS301. Article102,sameasFMVSS208(belted) ECER.29 ECER.29 ECER.33 ECER.34

GulfStates Japan

Korea Poland Rumania

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Frontalcollision Frontal collision requirements

Russia Slovenia Ukraine USA USA ECER.33 ECER.29 ECER.33 FMVSS204(SteeringWheel FMVSS 204 (Steering Wheel RearwardDisplacement) FMVSS208 FMVSS212(WindshieldZone FMVSS 212 (Wi d hi ld Z Intrusion) FMVSS219(WindshieldIntrusion) FMVSS301(FuelSystemsIntegrity) AIS098 incompliancewithECER94 andFMVSS208

India

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Side collision EU(96/27/ECECE R9501) collisionEU(96/27/EC ECER9501)

Newcars1/1098 Allnewregistrations1/1098 General: Thedirectivecomprisescarsandlighttrucks Newtypesaredefinedasvehicleswithoutapprovalbefore1/10 98inatleasttwoofthefollowingEUdirectives:70/387/EEC, 74/483/EECand76/115/EEC.Theseareinturn:Doorlock, 74/483/EEC d 76/115/EEC Th i t D l k ExteriorandBeltanchorage Modificationsonavehicleapprovedaccordingtothisdirective, whichmightaffecttheperformanceofasidecollision,mustbe which might affect the performance of a side collision must be reportedtotheauthoritythatdecidesaboutpossiblenewtests. Anincreaseinweightwithmorethan8%mightresultinnewtests.

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Side collision EU(96/27/ECECE R9501) collisionEU(96/27/EC ECER9501)

Testmethod: Test method: Amovabledeformable barrier(MBD)weightof ( ) g 950 20kg Groundclearance:300 5mm Velocity:50 1km/h EUROSIDcrashtest dummy

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Side collision EU(96/27/ECECE R9501) collisionEU(96/27/EC ECER9501)

Injurycriteria: Head:HPC(HeadPerformanceCriterion),lessorequalto1000 Chest:RDC(RibDeflection),lessorequalto42mm Softtissuecriterion(VC),lessorequalto1.0m/s (VCshallbemeasuredbutwasnotapass/failcriteriauntilafter 1/1000) Pelvis:PSPF(PubicSymphysisPeakForce),lessorequalto6kN Abdomen:APF(AbdominalPeakForce),lessorequalto2.5kN internal(4.5kNexternal) Thedoorsshouldremainclosedduringthecrash Th d h ld i l dd i h h Itshouldbepossibletoremovethecrashtestdummyaftercrash Thefuelleakagemaynotexceed30g/min

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SidecollisionUSA(FMVSS214) Side collision USA (FMVSS 214)

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SidecollisionUSA(FMVSS214) Side collision USA (FMVSS 214)

General: Amovabledeformablebarrier(MDB)strikesthevehicleinthesideat 33.5mph.Thebarrierstrikesthevehicleobliquetosimulateaspeedof p g p 30mphforthestrikingvehicleand15mphforthestruckvehicle. SIDcrashtestdummiesfrontandrearinthevehicleonthestruckside. InjuryCriteria: ThoraxTraumaIndex(TTI*): max.85g(4doors) max.90g(2doors) *Averageofpeakribandpeaklowerspineaccelerations. Hipacceleration:max.130g Doorsonthestrucksidearenotallowedtocompletelyseparatefrom h k id ll d l l f thebody,remainingdoorsmuststayclosed.

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Sidecollision Side collision requirements

ADR29StaticpartofFMVSS214 ADR72ProposaltointroduceEUssidecollisiondirectives (92/27/EC)orFMVSS214dynamic. 1/199NewTypes 1/104Allregistrations 1/1 04 All registrations Canada CMVSS214(staticonly) Discussionsareheldaboutintroducingadynamicpart, notnecessarilyinaccordancewithUSA.Economic not necessarily in accordance with USA Economic CommissionEurope(ECE)ECER.95,willbeharmonizedwith 96/27/EC. EuropeanUnion (EU)96/27/EC,50km/h,300mmbarrierheight 1/1098NewTypes / 1/1003Allregistrations Discussionsareheldaboutadjustmentsofbarrierheight, collisionspeedetc. collision speed etc Australia

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Sidecollision Side collision requirements

GulfStates (ME) India Japan Korea USA GS38,FMVSS214(staticpart) Discussionsareheldaboutintroducingsidecollision requirementsaccordingtotheEuropeanmodel. AIS099,FMVSS214(staticpart) From1/1003TRIAS47(forallimportedcars) accordingECE9501sidecollisiondirectives, Article104FMVSS214(staticpart) FMVSS214,staticdoorintrusion+dynamicbarrier test.FMVSS301,discussionsareheldaboutreplacing thisfuelleakagetestwithFMVSS214,i.e.measure g , fuelleakageatdynamic214testing.

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Rearcollision Rear collision

Argentina FMVSS301,fuelleakage Bulgaria ECER.32 EconomicCommissionEurope (ECE) ECER.32 ECER.34 ECE R 34 GulfStates GS37,equalsFMVSS301(norollover) (ME) Japan Japan FMVSS301 FMVSS 301 Rumania ECER.32 ECER.34 Russia ECER.32 ECER.34 Ukraine ECER.32 USA FMVSS301

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Roofintrusion Roof intrusion

Canada Canada GulfStates (ME) ( ) Korea USA CMVSS216 CMVSS 216 GS39,sameasFMVSS216 Article92,sameasFMVSS216 FMVSS216

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Pedestrianprotection Pedestrian protection

NegotiatedAgreement/EnvelopeDirective: RequiresnewvehicletypestocomplybyJuly1,2005. Vehicleregistrations:80%by2010 90%by2011 90% by 2011 100%by2012 RegulationinIndia AIS100

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Pedestrian testconditionEEVC WG17 Pedestrian test condition EEVCWG17

ChildHead MassofImpactor ImpactSpeed ImpactAngle Impact Angle WAD Criteria AdultHead MassofImpactor ImpactSpeed ImpactAngle WAD Criteria 4.8Kg 40km/h 65 15001800mm HIC<1000 HIC <1000 2.5Kg 40km/h 50 50 10001500mm HIC<1000 LowerLeg Area ImpactSpeed Criteria (G) Criteria(Bending) Criteria (Shear) UpperLeg Energy Criteria(Force) Criteria(Bending Moment) 600J 5.0kN 300Nm FullBumperWidth 40km/h 150g 15 60mm

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ChildSafetyTesting Child Safety Testing

FMVSS213,ECER44:sledtestingwithdifferentdummies