9 (Pipes) PDF

Incompressible viscous
flow through pipes
Mohsen Soltanpour
Email: soltanpour@kntu.ac.ir
URL: http://sahand.kntu.ac.ir/~soltanpour/
)(Boundary layer

.
.

.

. .

.
.
.

.
http://sahand.kntu.ac.ir/~soltanpour/
)(Laminar flow
.
.
)(Turbulant flow
' v
v .

Re
2300 40000
.
)(Modified Bernoulli equation
)(2
C.V .
)(1
Q
z c2
zc1

) (1 ): (2
0
dWs
v1
P1
dQ v2
P2
[ + g ( zc )1 + (u1 + )] +
[=
+ g ( zc ) 2 + (u2 + )] +
2
2
dm
dm
:
1
p2
dQ
v1
p1
v2
( = ) ( + z1 +
]
+ z 2 + ) + [(u2 u1 )
2g
2g
g
dm
( h f )T
(h f )T ) (Total head loss ) (u
) (dQ .
dm
v
p
v
p
( 1 + z1 + 1 ) = ( 2 + z 2 + 2 ) + (h f )T
2g
2g
( h f )T = ( h f ) P + ( h f ) M
: (h f ) P
: (h f ) M ) (Minor loss .
- )(Hagen-Poiseuille
1839
1840
.
dx r
.
:
dx
p + dp
p

(dv dr )2rdx
dv
( p p dp )r + ( )(2r )dx = 0
dr
dv
2
r dp + ( )(2r )dx = 0
dr
2
*.:
dp r 2
( ) + C1 = v
2 dx 2
v
dp
rdr = dv
2 dx
r = D v=0:
2
dp D 2
= C1
) (
dx 16
dp D 2
(
=v
) r2
4 dx 4
dp D 2
(
) r 2 )(2rdr
4 dx 4
dp 128Q
=
dx
D 4
= Q = vdA
dp D 2 r 2 r 2 D 2 dpD 4
=
= ]0
[
4 dx 4 2 4
128dx
128QL
= p
D 4
p = p1 p2
L = x2 x1
( p2 p1 ) 128Q
=
) ( x2 x1
D 4
D ) -(*:
128QL 32 vL
= (h f ) P
=
=
4
D 2
D
p

) (Fully developed laminar flow .
.

. L
) :(Langhaar -
L' = 0.058 Rey .D
'L
)(Turbulent flow
) ( .

) (Apparent stress .
P ) (:
D -1
L -2
-3
v -4 ) ( q
A
-5
e -6 ) (
:
)P = f ( D, L, , v, , e
:
P
vD L e
=
(
) , ,
G
2
v
D D
P L
vD e
=
(
) ,
H
v 2 D
D
vD e
Lv 2
=
) ,
= hf
(H
D
gD
2
v L
L v2
vD e
=
( . .2 H
, )= f .
2g D
D 2g
D
f
) f ( f = K ( vD , e ) K ) (friction factor .
D
P
L v2
hf = f .
D 2g
- )(Darcy-Weisbach
f Rey .
-:
64
Rey
64
vD
= f
32 vL
= hf
D 2
L v2
hf = f .
D 2g
f Rey
) .(smooth pipe zone f ) ( e
D
) (Rey ) (moody diagram .

) .(Nikuradses data -
f = 64 R.
ey
.
) (
e :
)(
) (
)(mm
)(ft
0.0003
0.000001
0.0015
0.000005
0.046
0.00015
0.12
0.0004
0.15
0.0005
0.26
0.00085
0.18-0.9
0.0006-0.003
0.3-3.0
0.001-0.01
0.9-9.0
0.003-0.03
) (Colebrook:
e Rey
e
1
9.35
= 1.14 2 log10 [ +
]
D Rey f
f
9.35
e
>> ( 9.35:
)
f
Rey
Rey
1
e
[1.14 2 log10 ( )]2
D
= f
)(Minor losses
.
:
:K
:v
v2
hf = K
2g
)(Energy line- Hydraulic grade line

:
v2 p
=H
+ +z
2g
H ) ( z ) (datum.
.
)
(.

) ( p :

.
:
+z
2g
= H hyd
2
v
f v
2Q
.
= f
D 2g
gD 3
hf
L
=s

*.
)(Compound, multiple path and branching pipes

) :(compound .
) :(multiple path or looping

.
) :(branching pipes
.
.
.
. L > 2000 .
D
)(Hardy Cross

.
.
C
A
q1

Qi = 0
q3
i
)
(
)i = 0
(h
C :
hC = hA (h f ) AC
hC = hA (h f ) AB (h f ) BD (h f ) CD
q4
q2
(h f ) AC (h f )CD (h f ) BD (h f ) AB = 0
h f = KQ n
.(14 )n=2 -
: Q Q
Q = Qi Q'i
h f = KQ = K (Q'i + Q) = K (Q' + nQ'

n
i
( n 1)
i
n
i
h f K (Q'in + nQ'i( n 1) Q)
loop
(h
i
n(n 1) ( n 2 )
Q'i Q 2 + ...)
Q +
2!
loop
) i = K (Q'in + nQ'i( n 1) Q)
i
loop
loop
0 = KQ 'in + Q KnQ 'i( n 1)

loop
KQ '
Q = loop
loop
n
i
KnQ'
i
( n 1)
i
( h' f ) i
i
loop
KQ 'in
n
Q'i
i
loop
( h' f ) i
i
loop
n
i
( h' f ) i
Q'i
.

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9 (Pipes) PDF

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Incompressible viscous

flow through pipes

)(Modified Bernoulli equation

L' = 0.058 Rey .D

)(Energy line- Hydraulic grade line

)(Compound, multiple path and branching pipes

) :(multiple path or looping

h f = KQ = K (Q'i + Q) = K (Q' + nQ'

0 = KQ 'in + Q KnQ 'i( n 1)

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