Pig

Heart Dissection Lab

How does the human heart function?

Name: Emily Brenker Date: ___________________

Introduction:
In science we had got put into groups and found out that these were the groups for our pig heart dissection. In my group there was Clare, Jed and Josh. One thing I found very different was the measurements. A human heart is about 3.5 inches and a pig heart is 4.5 inches. One thing I found very interesting during the dissection was how many blood clogs were in the heart.

Research questions:
The purpose of this experiment is to find out how the human heart functions and how it is similar to and different from other mammalian hearts.

You will need to write some specific research questions here. You can write these ahead of time, or as you do your research. By the end, you should know: What a human heart looks like (have a labeled diagram)

Emily Brenker

Monday, 25 February 2013 7:10:29 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

 What the different measurements are for the human heart Human Heart: Hallow / cone shaped muscle /located in between the lungs further to the 2/3 left/ Sternum 5 inch long 3.5 inches wide 2.5 inches from back to front roughly size of fist/ average weight of female 9 ounces / Average for men 10.5 ounces/ heart has 3 layers the smooth (inside lining is called endocardium middle layer myocardium surrounded by a fluid filled sac called pericardium How the human heart functions, and how this function is similar to and different from other pig hearts every second of your life your heart pumps enough blood to 30 swimming pool. the action of heart 2 main phase 1 phase the heart muscle relaxes and the heart fills with blood. In the other phase the heart muscle contracts. when the heart muscle relaxes blood flows into the chambers then, the atria contract the muscle contraction squeeze blood out of the atria, through the valves , and into the ventricles. Next, the ventricles contract. This process is similar to other mammalians heart How human hearts are different from and similar to other mammalian hearts, especially pig hearts. Size: The sheep heart is bigger than the human heart because the sheep is bigger than the human. Pig heart has 4 chambers not 2. The procedures for dissecting a mammalian heart, especially a pig heart, though other mammalian hearts are similar? The names of the different parts of the mammalian heart, both inside and out Right atrium Receives blood from body left ventricle pumps blood to body right ventricle pumps blood to lungs aorta mayor artery; leads from heart to rest of body pulmonary veins carry blood from lungs to left atrium pulmonary arteries carry blood from right ventricle to lungs ductus arteriosus fetal connection between aorta and pulmonary arteries coronary vessels mayor vessels that feed the heart muscle itself posterior vena cava collects blood from lower part of body to return to heart anterior vena cava collects blood from upper part of body to return to heart left atrium receives blood from lungs Materials Various poking and prodding and snipping and slicing devices
Maybe you should use the technical term for this.

What is this word? Spelling...?

Dissecting Kit Gloves

Emily Brenker

Monday, 25 February 2013 7:10:29 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Paper Towels Lab Coats Paper Pencil Clip Board Ruler Scale

Variables:
The independent variable is: (the one variable that you will change)

Type of heart: Pig Heart

The dependent variable is: (The variable that you are investigating)

Function of the human heart: To give blood to the rest of your body.

Control Variables
The factors that you keep the same, so that the experiment is a fair test. Try and list at least 5.

Factors to be controlled: 1. Parts of the heart that need to be measured

Reason it needs to be controlled:

How it will be controlled:

So you always measure the same parts

By always measuring the same parts

2. So we always get the same Units that will be used for measurements measurement

By always using the same unit of measurement

Emily Brenker

Monday, 25 February 2013 7:10:29 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

3. We need to do the same thing By doing the same thing every Method of the dissection every time time of the pig heart 4

Hypothesis:

What will happen to the dependent variable as the independent variable is changed?
How similar will the human heart you investigated be to the pig heart you are dissecting? The human heart is similar to the pig heart in a couple of ways. The first way is that, much like the human heart, the pig heart has 4 chambers. The second way is that they are both the same length. We think that the pig heart will be quite similar in many different ways because humans and pigs are a relatively similar size. A pigs heart is similar to a human heart because of many things. Both the pig heart and the human heart have 4 chambers which also means that they are a similar size (the pig hearty being the bigger of the 2). A pigs heart is not only similar in size but it is also similar in location. The pigs heart is located in the same place as the human heart, between the lungs. Another way that the pig heart is similar to the human heart is that, like the human heart, the pig heart has 4 heart valves. Heart valves are things that allow blood to flow in only 1 direction. Heart valves are very important because sometimes, when a heart valve malfunctions, blood flows in the wrong direction and this is called regurgitation.

Emily Brenker

Monday, 25 February 2013 7:10:29 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Why?
I think this because a pig is around the same size as a human so their hearts would have to be similar.

What would that relationship look like? Try to sketch or illustrate this:
How similar will the human heart you investigated be to the pig heart you are dissecting? The human heart is similar to the pig heart in a couple of ways. The first way is that, much like the human heart, the pig heart has 4 chambers. The second way is that they are both the same length.

Materials:
1.Dissecting Kit 2.Gloves 3.Paper Towels 4.Lab Coats 5.Paper 6.Pencil 7.Clip Board
What else did you need?

8.Ruler

Diagram One: Set-up of your materials for dissecting a pigs heart:

Emily Brenker

Monday, 25 February 2013 7:10:29 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Grammar Check Spellings

Method:
Some things to keep in mind as your write your method: You will need to have a step-by-step procedure for dissecting your pig heart You will need a procedure for measuring the different parts of the pig heart

Emily Brenker

Monday, 25 February 2013 7:10:29 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

 You will also need a procedure for comparing the different parts of the pig heart to the human heart These comparisons can be made in your results table (below)

Procedure
1) Put on an apron and some gloves. 2)Place the pig heart in a dissecting pan and rinse off the excess preservatives. 3)Pat the pig heart dry. 4)Measure the pig heart 5)Write down the information 6)Weigh the pig heart 7)Write the information 8)Remove any fat from around the pig heart. 9)Take pictures for lab packet 10)Use your scalpel to cut through the side of the pulmonary artery and then

into 11)the wall of the right ventricle. 12) Take pictures 13)Examine the internal structure and if you can see some dried blood inside 14) Take pictures 15)the heart then you have to rinse it out. 16)Continue cutting the heart from the left atrium and down into the left ventricle. 17)Take pictures 18)Push open the cut and once again, if there is any dried blood inside the heart it is recommended that you rinse it with water. 19)Continue cutting until you are done. 20)Place the heart on a piece of newspaper. 21)Wash your hands and your tools with soap.

Emily Brenker

Monday, 25 February 2013 7:10:29 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

You need a picture of the pig heart

You need a picture of the pig heart

Human Heart

Pig Heart

Emily Brenker

Monday, 25 February 2013 7:10:29 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

1500
1360

1200

900

600

300

297

Weight

Results:
Include a table for your results. The table should include: a descriptive title heading with units data is in the same units (units identified at the top of the table) units are not in the body of the table include processed data

Emily Brenker

Monday, 25 February 2013 7:10:29 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Photos from Dissection:

Graph 1: Measurements of the different parts of pig and human hearts

Include a graph of your results. The graph should include: a descriptive title clear and evenly marked scale y-axis labeled, including units x-axis labeled, including units appropriate type of graph drawn. Points are connected as a smooth line. clear and evenly marked scale key included when appropriate
Reliability of data. The measuring instruments. Explanation (why / why not?)

Emily Brenker

Monday, 25 February 2013 7:10:29 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Reliability of data. a) Did the measuring instruments collect data that can be trusted? No

Explanation (why / why not?) No because, the ruler was stiff and so it was hard nd the correct place to stop measuring. But

b) Was the experiment repeated enough times? No

No because, we only did the experiment once.

c) Did the measuring instrument collect precise data? (i.e. Did the multiple trials give similar data?)

Scale gave a precise weight measuring but, we did not do multiple trials. I dont know if measuring with a stiff ruler was a good idea because the heart was very squishy so measuring precisely was quite difcult.

Size of sample. d) was the range large enough? No because, we only did 1 trial so there is no range.

No

Emily Brenker

Monday, 25 February 2013 7:10:29 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

s!w i t h unit s!

Conclusion:
3.7

2.96

2.22

1.48

0.74

3 INCHES

3.7 INCHES

From the graph, the results show (What happens to the dependent variable as the independent variable changes?) . . .

This happens because (Consider the concepts you used in your hypothesis). This is a good place to include some diagrams if they will

Emily Brenker

Monday, 25 February 2013 7:10:29 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

help explain your ideas. I made an educated

Evaluation:
Table 2: Validity of the method (Was the investigation a Fair Test?)

Emily Brenker

Monday, 25 February 2013 7:10:29 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

If you were not able to control any of the control variables you listed above, how did any change in that variable affect your data?
Control variable What affect did this Degree of impact Improvement (how to x that was not have when compar- (small, medium or the problem): controlled: ing the variables large): independent and dependent ? Large because our Check with other groups to 1. I dont know if It did not effect the measurements see if my measurements variables and the measurecould be different are about the same pendent and dements are accupendent rate because I cut the heart on the back side
2 3

Table 3: Reliability of the method:

Where are these answers

Were there enough trials? Did multiple trials give similar data? Are there anomalous points?

Were there any surprising results? What were they?

Something that really surprised me was how many blood clogs were in the heart.

Emily Brenker

Monday, 25 February 2013 7:10:29 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

Reference List:
Works Cited Book: Prentice Hall Science ExplorerHuman Biology and Health Elizabeth Coolidge "Exploring the Pig Heart." Exploring the Pig Heart. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. "Heart Dissection / Cardiac Anatomy." YouTube. YouTube, 06 Dec. 2009. Web. 30 Jan. 2013. "How Your Heart Works." HowStuffWorks. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2013.

Emily Brenker

Monday, 25 February 2013 7:10:29 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time

"PIG HEART!!!!!!!" YouTube. YouTube, 12 May 2009. Web. 30 Jan. 2013. "Quizlet." Parts of Fetal Pig Heart Flashcards. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2013.

Emily Brenker

Monday, 25 February 2013 7:10:29 AM Hong Kong SAR China Time