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INTRODUCTION
By the early 1990's, Japan has developed and used SCC.
Self compacted concrete is highly engineered concrete with much higher fluidity without segregation and is capable of filling every corner of formwork under its self weight .
Thus SCC eliminates the vibration for the compaction of concrete without affecting its engineering properties. As of the year 2000, SCC used for prefabricated products (precast members) and ready-mixed concrete (cast-in-place) in the Japan, USA, etc.
Development of SCC
In 1983, the problem of the durability of the concrete structures was a major topic of interest in Japan. The creation of durable concrete structures requires adequate compaction by skilled workers. Solution for the achievement of durable concrete structures independent of the quality construction work is the use of SCC. The necessity of this type of concrete was proposed by Okamura in 1986. Studies to develop SCC have been carried out by Ozawa and Maekawa at the university of Tokyo. Present-day SCC can be classified as an advanced construction material.
Whats Different?
Segregation resistance from mortar viscosity & not due to aggregate grading. Workability content. through admixtures, not water
Basic requirements
For successful casting of SCC : A.Excellent deformability 1. Increase deformability of paste by a) use of HRWR b) balanced water 2. Reduce inter-particle friction by a) low coarse aggregate volume ( high paste volume)
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B. Good Stability 1. Reduce separation of solids by a) limiting aggregate content b) increasing cohesion and viscosity 2. Minimize bleeding (free water) by a) low water content b) superplastisizers
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C. Low risk of blockage by: 1. Enhanced cohesiveness 2.Sufficient spacing between reinforcement and coarse aggregate
Benefits of SCC
For Contractors:
Reduced vibration effort and noise during placing. Ability to fill complex forms with limited accessibility. More uniform distribution in areas of closely bunched reinforcement. Rapid pumping of concrete. Uniform and compact surface. Less surface voids and need for rubbing and patching. Improved aesthetics of flatwork for less effort.
Benefits of SCC
For Ready-Mix Producers:
Better perception from customers by offering a technically advanced, higher value concrete mixture. Offers a product that saves customers time and money. More efficient use of mixing equipment and delivery. Can easily expand variety of products offered without adding more equipment. Improved aesthetics of final product.
Benefits of SCC
For Cast-in Place Fabricators:
Allows easier quality control. Easier to achieve qualities of an optimally designed mix. Can better guarantee properties due to tight quality control. Faster slump loss means concrete is ready for steam-curing quicker.
limitations of SCC
Limited bleeding characteristics and plastic shrinkage may cause if not properly protected and cured. Higher admixtures content can also lead to plastic shrinkage if not properly cured. SCC requires a higher level of quality control than conventional slump concrete.
Key items to monitor are: Coarse and fine aggregate grading Coarse aggregate void volume Aggregate moistures
Cost criteria
The increased cost of the concrete of SCC balances against labor savings and aesthetic benefits. Contractors, producers and owners are under great pressure to produce better quality construction at lower costs of labor, materials and equipment. Reduced in-place cost: SCC can increase the speed of construction, improve surface finish and thus reduce repair, patching costs & reduce maintenance costs on equipment. Reduced labor costs: Reduces labor demands of skilled labour for quality concrete works. Improved work environment and safety: minimizing noise exposures & also It reduces fall hazards, as workers do not have to stand on forms to consolidate concrete. Improved aesthetics Provides finished surfaces thus reduces the finishing costs .
Material required
CEMENT FINE AGGREGATE COARSE AGGREGATE FLYASH WATER HIGH RANGE WATER RETARDERS VISCOSITY MODIFYING ADMIXTURES
HRWRs
Mineral Admixtures
TYPES OF SCC
There are three ways in which scc can be made POWDER TYPE Scc is made by increasing the powder content VMA TYPE Scc is made by using viscosity modifying admixture COMBINED TYPE Scc is made by increasing the powder content and adding VMA
MIX PROPORTIONS
PARTICULARS UNITS M60 POWDER TYPE VMA TYPE COMBINED TYPE
COARSE AGGREGATE
FINE AGGREGATE
Kg/m3
1108.13
1108.13
1108.13
1108.13
Kg/m3
683.24
683.24
683.24
683.24
which create electrostatic repulsion of particles. Varaplast pc 100 is free from chlorides and complies with ASTM C494 G (retarding super plasticizer).
HRWR CONTD
TYPICAL PROPERTIES Calcium chloride content: Nil Specific gravity: 1.08 at 20 C Air entrainment: Less than 1% additional air is entrained Setting time: 1-4 hours retardation depending on dosage and climatic conditions Chloride content: Nil
U box test
Slum test
L box test
V funnel test
CASE STUDIES
CASE-STUDIES :Current condition on application of self compacting concrete in Japan: After the development of the prototype of self-compacting concrete at the University of Tokyo, intensive research was begun in many places, especially in the research institutes of large construction companies. As a result, self-compacting concrete has been used in many practical structures. The first application of self-compacting concrete was in a building in June 1990. Self-compacting concrete was then used in the towers of a prestressed concrete cable-stayed Shin-Kiba Ohashi bridge in 1991. Lightweight selfcompacting concrete was used in the main girder of a cable-stayed bridge in 1992.
4.SCC for Rafts & Retaining Walls for Kesar Solitaire,Navi Mumbai :
4.SCC for Rafts & Retaining Walls for Kesar Solitaire,Navi Mumbai
The Kesar Solitaire is a prestigious project being developed by M/s. Kesar Group, when completed would be a landmark on the Palm Beach Road in Navi Mumbai. This commercial complex is situated just next to the creek and the water table is about 1 meter below the ground. On examining the water, it was found to be highly saline and the chloride content in water was more than 7000 ppm. Another issue at the site was the upcoming monsoons, the basement needed to be completed before the start of the monsoons, which otherwise would have flooded the site. It was therefore decided to go for an M 40 grade SCC for the triple basement structure, which was 10 meters below the ground level.
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The SCC mix was designed with Corniche SF brand Silica Fume to take care of the chloride ion permeability of the structure due to the saline water table. An RCPT value of less than 1000 coulombs according to ASTM C 1202 and water permeability of max 50 mm according to DIN 1048 was specified, so as to ensure the durability of the raft concrete. The mix actually contained higher binder content and therefore the water demand was high. To ensure thorough dispersion of silica fume and fly ash, a PCE based admixture was used.
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The thickness of the wall was 300 mm and after erecting the form work it was a challenge by itself to place and vibrate the concrete. It was therefore decided to use M 40 grade SCC so that even 3 meter pour (free fall) of concrete is possible. The use of SCC in retaining walls actually helped in achieving a homogeneous concrete void of any honey combs. The strengths achieved were more than 50 MPa at 28 days as the water binder ratio was maintained at 0.33
The mix design and the strengths achieved are given here:
Materials OPC 53 grade Fly ash "Comiche SF" silica fume Binder 20mm Agg 10mm Agg River Sand Crusher dust Water Glenium sky 584 Glenium stream 2 W/c Ratio Slump flow after 60 min v Funnel after 60 min 3 Days 7 Days 28 Days Kgs/M3 400 175 20 595 334 413 396 432 196 0.80% 0.15% 0.33 650 min 10 seconds 27 Mpa 42MPa 54MPa
CONCLUSION
A new technology for eliminating vibrators in heavy structure where vibration is impossible. We conducted different fresh concrete test and also conducted hardened concrete test. Adding viscosity modifying admixture (polyethylene glycol) and fly ash combination is very much suitable for self compaction is high strength concrete. Advantage with respect to sound pollution. Ideal for concrete parts with complicated shapes and elements with high quality visible concrete.