CR

MIIC
M RO RU
OSSTTR UR
CTTU
UC RA MA
ALL M PP
AP NG
PIIN GO AU
OFF A USSTTEEN
NIITTIIC
CMMA NG
AN GAAN 34
NEESSEE SSTTEEEELL--3 01
40 1
N IISSO
IIN HEER
OTTH MA
RM ALL C OO
CO NG
OLLIIN G P RO
PR CEESSSS
OC
(Pemetaan mikrostruktur keluli manganan 3401 dalam proses pendinginan pantas isotermal)

INTRODUCTION
The Microstructure of austenitic manganese
Steel-3401 is unusual. It is normally used in
industry in the heat-treated condition. The
austenitic grain boundaries are well defined and
of approximately uniform thickness.
A precipitation of iron and manganese carbides at
the grain boundary is progressively studied as the
phenomena mapping of the formation of a new Manganese Steel (a) rail track (b) rail

phase. A kinetics study is investigated using the

Johnson Mehyer Avrami equation.
STUDY PHENOMENA
• Mapping of Manganese Steel microstructure
• The Characterisation Methods
• Transformed Kinetics Phenomena
• Analysis of Diffusion Process
THE CHARACTERISATION METHODS
X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is a non-destructive
technique for characterizing crystalline materials
which provides information on structures,
phases, preferred crystal orientations (texture)
and other structural parameters such as average
grain size, crystallinity, strain and crystal defects.
The peak intensities are determined by the
atomic decoration within the lattice planes..

KINETICS OF TRANSFORMATION
MAPPING OF MICROSTRUCTURE

a b

c d

Kinetic Transformation in Isothermal condition : (a) 5000C rapid cooling

KINETICS STUDY PHENOMENA EQUIPMENT
(b) 5000C slow cooling (c) 6000C rapid cooling (c) 6000C slow cooling