Post Graduate School Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi

Examination f o r Admission to Ph.D. Programme 2011-2012

Discipline

: Nematology

Discipline Code : 15
Please Note:

R o l l No.

(i)This question paper contains 13 pages. Please check whether all the pages are printed in this set. Report discrepancy, if any, immediately to the invigilator.
(ii) There shall be NEGATIVE marking for WRONG ahstvers in the Multiple Cfaoice type questions (No. I to 130) which carry one mark each. For every wrong answer 0.25 mark will be cler~rrcted.

PART - I (General Agriculture)

Multiple choice questions (No. 1 to 30). Choose t h e c o r r e c t answer (a, b, c or d) a n d enter your choice in t h e clrcie (by shading with a pencil) on the O M R answer sheet a s p e r the instructions given on the a n s w e r sheet.

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1. Which of the following crops have been approved for commercial cultivation In India? a) Bt cotton and Bt brinjal b) Bt cotton and Golden Rice c) Bt maize and Bt cotton d) Bt cotton only 2. This year (2010-11) the expected food grain production in lndla is a) 212 million tonnes b) 220 million tonnes c) 235 million tonnes d) 250 million tonnes 3. The genome of which of the following crops is still not completely sequenced? a) Rice b) Soybean c) Sorghum d) Vheat
4

5. To address the problems of sustainable and holistic development of rainfed areas, including appropriate farming and livel~hood system approaches, the Government of India has set up the a) National Rainfed Area Authority b) National Watershed Development Project for Ralnfed Areas c) National Mission on Rainfed Areas d) Command Area Development and Water Management Authority
6. Which of the following sub-schemes are not covered under the Rashtriya Krishi Vlkas Yojana? a) Extending the Green Revolution to eastern lndia b) Development of 60,000 pulses and oilseeds villages in identified watersheds c) National Mission on Saffron on d) National M~ssion Bamboo
7. The minimum support price for the common variety of paddy announced by the Government of India for the year 2010-11 was a) 3 1030 b) ~ 1 0 0 0 c) 3 980 d) 3 950

a) b) c) d)

According to the Approach Paper to the 12Ih Five Year Plan, the baslc objective of. the 12Ih Plan is Inclusive growth Sustainable growth Faster, more inclusive and sustainable growth Inclusive and susta~nable growth

8. According to the Human Development Report 2010 of the United Nations, India's rank in terms of the human development index is a) 119 b) 134 c) 169 d) 182

Subject : PhD Nematology - 2011

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0. Which of the following does not apply to SRI method of paddy cultivation? a) Reduced water application b) Reduced plant density C) Increased appiicatlon of chemical fertilizers d) Reduced age of seedlings

..

''l?)~hich of the following is&Omhonly referred ,tb as muriate of potash? a) Potassi* nitrate b) Pota$sium chloride C) Potassium sulphate d) Potassium silicate 18, inbred ' lines that have same genetic constitution but differ only at one locus are called a) Multi llnes b) Monoilybrid c) Isogenic lines d) Pure lines
19, For applying 100 kg of nitrogen, how much
1

(10. Which organic acid, oflen used as a preservative, occurs naturally in cranberries, prunes, clnnamon and cloves? a) Citric acid b) Benzoic acid c) Tartaric acid d) Lactic acid
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11. 'Cotton belongs to the family a) Cruciferae b j Anacardiaceae c) Malvaceae d) Solanaceae 12. Photoperiodism is a) Bending of shoot towards source of light b) Effect of lightldark durations on physiological processes c) Movement of chloroplast in cell in response to light d) Effect of light on chlorophyll synthesis

13) Ergot disease is caused by which pathogen on which host? a) Ciaviceps purpurea on rye b) Puccinia recondita on wheat c) Drechlera sorokiniana on wheat d) Albugo candida on mustard
14. Rocks are the chief sources of parent materials over which soils are developed Granite, an important rock, is classified as a) Igneous rock b) Metamorphic rock C) Sedimentary rock d) Hybrid rock

a) b) c) d) r" R O J T devastating impact of plant disease on ~ ~ ' human suffering and survival was first realized by epidemic of a) Brown spot of rice in Bengal b) Lateblight of potato in USA c) Late blight of potato in Europe d) Rust of wheat in India 21. The species of rice (Otyza) other than 0 sativa that is cultivated is a) 0. rufipugon b) 0. iongistemineta c) 0. glaberrima d) 0. nivara 22. The enzyme responsible for the fixation of C02 in mesophyll cells of C 4 plants is a) Malic enzyme b) Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase c) Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase d) RuBP carboxylase 23. a) b) c) d) Which one of the following is a 'Vertisoi'? Black cotton soil Red sandy loam soil Sandy loam sodic soil Submontane (Tarai) soil '

urea woOld one use? 45 kg I Illkg 222 kg 333 kg

15: a) b) C) d)

Which one of the following is a Kharif crop? Pearl millet Lentil Mustard Wheat
(C.V.)

16. The coefficient of variation calculated by the formula a) (Mean1S.D.) x 100 b) (S.D.IMean) x 100 c) S.D.IMean d) Mean1S.D.

is

24.What is the most visible physlcai characteristic of cells in metaphase? a) Elongated chromosomes b) Nucleus visible but chromosomes not c) Fragile double stranded loose chromosomes d) Condensed paired chromosomes on the cell plate

Subject : PhD Nematology - 2011

25. All weather phenomena like rain, fog and

a) b) c) d)

mist occur in Troposphere Mesosphere Ionosphere Ozonosphere to ail proteins and nucieic acids? Suiphur Magnesium Nitrogen Phosphorous Sand and loam Clay and loam Loam and gravel Sand and clay

1
I

33. Morphology of nematodes can best be studied by a) TEM. b) SEM C EM ) d) Confocal microscope 34.:The, thlrd edition of international Code of Zoological Nomenciature was adopted by a) International Congress of Zoological Nomenclature b) international Union of Biological Sciences c) International Zoologist Association d) British Council of Natural Sciences 35. Lowest category recognised by International Code of Zoological Nomenciature is a) Species b) Subspecies C) Race d) Pathotype '36: aJ b) c) d) Excretory system in Tylenchida is Canalicular Glandular Vesicular H-shaped

26: Which of the following elements is common

a) b) c) d) 'a) b) c) d)

i, 27) Silt has intermediate characteristics between

28. Certified seed is produced from a) Nucleus seed b) Breeder seed c) Foundation seed d) Truthful seed
29. a) b) C) d) Seedless banana is an Autotripioid Autotetraploid Aliotripioid Allotetrapioid goodness-of-fit of a distribution? Normal test t-test Chi-square test F-test

30. Which one of the following is used to test the

37. The chitin in nematodes is present in a) Cuticle b) Egg shell c) spicule d) setae

a) b) c) d)

PART- 11 (Subject Paper)

Multiple choice questions (No. 31 to 130). Choose t h e correct answer (a, b c or d) , a n d enter your c h o i c e in the circle (by shading w i t h a pencil) on the OMR answer sheet as per the instructions given on t h e answer sheet.

38. Lactotype is a specimen designated by a) Original author b) Subsequent author c) Any specialist d) Authority on that particular field
39. Mitochondria lies above nucleus in a) Piatymyarian type of musculaturs nematodes b) Circomyarian type of musculature nematodes c) Coeiomyarian type of musculature nematodes d) Hoiomyarian type of musculature nematodes in in in in

34., Radopholus similis infecting banana was first time authentically reported in India from a) Tamil Nadu b) Karnataka C) Kerala d) Maharashtra
32. For assessment of crop losses against phytonematodes under field conditions, the experimental design generally used is a) CRD b) RBD c) LSD d) Paired plot design

40'. In Anquina trifici, the oocytes are aggregated

a)
b) c) d)

around a central protoplasmic structure, called as Growth zone Germinal zone Ripening zone Rachls

Subject : PhD - Nematology

- 2011
49. The cephalic sensory organs are innervated by a) 3 papillary nerves b) 6 papillary nerves c) 9 papillary nerves d) 12 papillary nerves 50. ~ovenientin nematodes is by the alternate contraction of which muscles? a) Dorso lateral & ventrolaterai b) Dorsal &ventral c) Sub-dorsal & sub-ventral d) Rectal ,

41. Source of inocuium of white tip disease of rice is a) Soil population of nematodes b) Seed c) Seed gall d) Crop residue 42.\Carbamate group of nematicides are the esters of a) Phosphoric acid b) Formic acid c) Phenols d) Carbamic acid 43. Dazomet a soil fumigant belongs to the group of nematicides a Organophosphates ) b) Aliphatic hydrocarbons c) Alkyi halides d) Methyl isothiocynates
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51. A non-directional response In which the speedlfrequency of activity depends on the intensitf of stimulation a) Klinokinesis b) Orthokinesis c) Kllnotaxis d) Tropotaxis

44. a) b) c) d)

The custodian of DIP Act in lndia is Plant Protection Commissioner Director General, ICAR Plant Protection Advisor to God, of lndia Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission

-,52. nematode juveniles are unable to hatch The

a) b) c) d) until the osmotic pressure of the egg fluid is Increased Equals with outer region Reduced Dried up

$5. Post infectional low molecular weight antimicrobial compounds produced as a result of interaction between host and parasite are a) Enzymes b) Phytoalexins C) Toxins d) Fatty acids
46. The eggs of root-knot nematodes can be extracted by dissolving the gelatinous matrix in a) 1% Hz02 b) 1% NaCl c) 1% sodium POI butter . d) 1% NaOCl
47. Which of the following is not a solvent of parafiin wax used in microtomy study? a) Xylene b) Butanol C) Ethanol d) Water

53. Once the nematode is in food vicinity, they use mechano receptors such as a) Phasmids b) Amphids c) Labial papillae d) None of the above

54. The most common mechanism for sex determlnation ascribed for nematodes is that of: a) XX-XX . - b) XO-XX c) XY-XY d) XO-XY 55. The nematode inhabiting forage grasses can be fatal to grazing livestock in presence of bacterium a) Anguina tritici b) Nothanguina spp. c) Angujna funesta d) Anguina agrostis
56. Nematode able to attack aerial parts of plants provided that humidity is high enough: a) Aphelenchoides besseyi b) Anguina tritici c) Hirschmanniella oryzae d) Heterodera trifolii

48.The organ cell that has dual role of osmoregulation and elimination of ammonia is a) Pylorus b) Cardia c) Secretary granule d) Renette

Subject : PhD - Nematology - 2011

57. Which of the following ornamentation? a) Spines b) Rugae cj Warts d) Bursa 58. a) b) c) d) Epigenesis is common in Meloidogyne spp. Xiphlnema spp. Heterodera spp. Hoplolaimus spp.

IS

not a cuticular

65. Which of the' following is used to silence specific gene expression in a variety of eukaryotes including nematodes? a) dsRNA b) Lectins c) Protease inhibitor d) Plantibodles 66. Which of the following is not a limitation of using Pasteuria against nematodes? a) In vitro production b). Limited spread in soil c) Narrow hogt range d) Resting'sporeswith long shelf life 67. Crotolaria and Sesbinia used for nematode management are a) Trap crops b) Cover crops c) Antagonistic crops d) Host crops 68) DiTeram is a natural nematicide extracted from a) Plant b) Fungi/ C) Bacteria d) virus 69. Which of the following is not a characteristic of 'ideal' nematicide? a) Rapid degradation to harmless molecule b) Detectable residue in plants c) Very effective at low rate d) Compatibility with control components 70. How much chemical would be required to apply in one acre field for carbofuran (3G) @ 2 kg ailha? a) 13.2 kg b) 26.4 kg c) 39.6 kg d) 52.8 kg 71. if a 40 ppm solution is diluted to 25 ppm, the dilution factor would be a) 1:1.5

59. Packages for manipulation and alignment of sequences are a) Bio Edit and Chromas b) PAUP & PHLiP c) Model test and F test d) Tree map and component 60. Which of the following is not responsible for the gall formation in Meloidogyne infected plants? a) Auxin b) Cytokinin c) Ethylene d) ABA 61.1The eggs of which nematode are deposited in the root a few days afler invasion and hatching occurs 4-6 days afler deposition in rice? a) Heterodera oryzicola b) Meloidogyne graminicola c) Hirschmannlella Oryzae d) Ditylenchus angustus 62. An allelochemicai involving a response by the receiver is a) Apeneumone b) Synomone c) Kairomone d) Allomone 6 : Root diffusates inducelincrease 3 following quiescence is common in a) Heterodera spp. b) ,Meloidogyne spp. c) ~Rotylenchulus spp. d) Tylenchorhynchus spp. negative

"

hatch

64. Which of the following have the most primitive mode of parasitism? a) Migratory ectuparasites b) Sedentary ectoparasites c) Migratory endoparasites d) Sedentary endoparasites

i 72.

a) b) c) d)

Which of the following is associated wtth citrus? Meloidogyne indica Meloldogyne exigua Meloidogyne brevlcauda Meloidogyne arenarla

Subject: PhD-Nematology -2011

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Important 82,Juvenile and adult nematode can be distinguished by a) Difference in slze b) Retention of shed cuticle in juveniles c) Presence of styiet in adults d) Appearance of genital openings in adults

, 73. Which is considered economicaiiy ' on bulbous ornamentals?

a) b) c) d) Ditylenchus dipsaci Ditvlenchus destructor ~~heienchoides fragariae Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi

74. Which of the following causes superficial , lesions on banana roots? ' a) Pratylenchus coffeae b) Radopholus sirnilis c) Helicotylenchus mult~clnctus d) Hoplolairnus seinhorsti

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83. Nematodes are fixed in hot formalin primarily

tn

a) b) c)' d) 84. a)' b) c) d)

stretch them Preserve their life-like form Stretch and preserve life-like form Facilitate clearing in glycerol Nematodes are cleared in glycerol because They do not take stains interdai structures become clearly visible Glycerol removes the intestinal contents Scierotized structures appear refractiie

75. A seed-borne disease sensu strict0 is a) Ear cockle b) Urea c) White tip d) Tundu
76.' Nematode oesophagus shows a) Asymmetry b) Radial symmetry c) Bilateral symmetry d) Triradiate symmetry 77) Ancestral nematodes are presumed to have a) 16 cephalic papillae in 2 circles b) 16 cephalic papillae in 3 circles c) 16 cephalic setae in 2 circles d) 16 cephalic setae in 3 circles

85, A pure culture of Pratylenchus raised on alfalfa callus is a) Axenic b) Monoaxenic c) Oiigoxenic d) Synxenic 86,why is it necessary to embed plant tissues in paraffin wax for histopathologlcal studies using microtomy? a) To facilitate section cutting b) To obtain ribbon of serlai sections c). TO prevent displacement of celllceii organelles in tissues d) To facilitate staining 87. What is the best option among the listed to concentrate nematode suspension without affecting their quantity and quality? a) Use of a Millipore filter b) Passing through a 500 BSA mesh sieve c) Centrifugation d). Leaving the suspension dndisturbeo for somet:me and removing the supernatant
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78. a) b) c) d)

Criconematids are named after Slow and sluggish movement Coarse ring-like annules Criconemoid type of oesophagus Presence of spines and scales

79. A peloderan bursa covers a) Only tail tip b) Only cloaca1 opening c) Entire tail up to tip d) Two-thirds of tail 80. a) b) c) dj Two species are sibling if they are Occupying adjacent geographical areas Occupying different geographical areas Occupying same geographical area Morphologically similar but reproductively isolated

86, What is the most accurate way of expressing nematode population densities? a) No. of nematodes per g dried soil b) No. of nematodes per mi soii C) NO.of nematodes per g soii d) No, of nematodes per cc soil 89. In the equation a) b). C) d)

81. The common soecies of Meloidoavne can be most accurate$ characterized by-' a) Styiet slze b) En-face views c) Esterase enzyme profiles d) Host differential tests

-= rN . -, K denotes dt K

dN

K-N

Intrinsic growth rate Asymptote Natality Mortality

Subject :PhD Nematology - 2011

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,98. Stephamocysts are a) Endoparasitic encysting species oomycetes b) Nematode parasitic fungi c) protozoan parasitic of nematodes d) , Nematodes trapping devices

!&which of the foliowing factors affect the life . cycle duration the most? a) Soil temperature b) Soil moisture C) Plant host d) Soil texture 91. Taylor's power law pertains to a) Sampling scheme for nematode population estimations, b) Community analysis of nematode populations c) Crop performance and nematode population densities d) Nematode management optimization 192. A single uninucleate giant cell is induced by a) Hemicycliophora b) Cryphodera c) Xiphinema d) Punctodera
93. The function of feeding tubes is speculated to be a) Partial digestion of plant cell cytoplasm b) Release of dorsal oesophageal gland secretions C) Ingestion of cell cytoplasm d) Cytoplasm filters to avoid cell Organelles

of

99. In most cases involving nematode and ' pathogenic fungal interactions, what is the most plausible role of nematodes? a) Mechanical wounding agents b) Physiological modification of host plant C Vector ' ) d) Resistance breakers

lob,, kh1zoctonja solani is able to attack root-knot

. .)
a) b) c) d) infected plants because Galled tissues exude more carbohydrates Nematodes rupture galled tissues for egg laying J~ leave micropunctures on roots while invading Nematodes carry fungus spores on their surface

94: which of the following spkcies~races of root-knot nematode attacks Cotton? a) Meloidogyne incognita race 1 b) Meloidogyne incognita race 2 4)Meloidogyne incognitarace 3 d) Meloldogynejavanica
9, Which nematode should have the lowest 'a3 5

10l>iSplit-root technique which was eml~loyed 10 .~ demonstrate that nematodes bring about ~. physiological modifications in Plants to render them more susceptible to other pathogens used the crop a) Tomato by Peppermint c) Cotton d) Tobacco

109Tobra viruses are transmitted by

a); b) c) d)
Trichodorus spp. Tylenchorhynchus SPP. Xiphinema spp. Longidorus spp.

a) b) c) d)
',

value? Hoplolaimus indicus Xiphinema index Pratylenchus zeae Criconemoidessp.

96)~he different symptoms produced by races . of Djtylenchus djpsaci are attributed to qualitative and quantitative differences In a). Pectinases b) Amylases c) Cellulases d) Proteases 97. A general phenomenon exhibited by many cryptobiotic anhydrobiotes is the storage of a) Ribitol b) Myo-inositol c) .Trehalose d) Glycerol

103. Muiveys Bridge is found in a) Heterodera cajani b) Heterodera zeae c) Heterodera trifolii d) Heterodera mothi
1/04. Spindle shaped muscle cells wherein the

'oi

a) b) C) d)

contractile elements are arranged along the epidermis and sides of flattened spindle are called Coelomyarian Circomyarian Meromyarian Polymyarian

105. The hatching of Globodera paNida is stimulated by a) C 0 2gradient b) Rise in soil temperature L C) Host root diffusate d) Soil microfiora

Subject : PhD - Nematology- 2011

' i

106. Tylenchorhynchus spp. cause damage to which of the following root tissues? a) Endodermis b) Epidermis and cortex c) Xylem and cambium d) Phloem

114. Which of the following compounds in the roots of tobacco is involved in resistance against root-knot nematodes? a) Pyrocatechol b) Chiorogenic acid c) Pyruvic acid d) Methoxygossypol 115. The number of eggs found in each egg sac of root-knot nematode may range from a) 1000-1500 b) 2000-5000 C) 200-500, d ,) 50-100

107.The function of circulatory system in nematodes Is performed by a) Hypodermis b) Intestinal fluids c) Pseudocoelomic flu~d d) Cytoplasm 108. Different molecular forms of an enzyme having the same substrate specificity are called 'a) isomers b) Ailosteric enzymes C) Co-enzymes d) isoenzymes 109. When the nematodes are protandric, it means that a) Their gonads function only as ovaries b) The~r gonads first function as testes and later as ovaries c) Their gonads first function as ovaries and later as testes d) Their gonads function simultaneously as ovaries and testes

!, .I Head with four distinct setae are found it1 16.

a) b) c) d)
Aphelen,chldae Dorylaimidae Tylenchidae Atylenchidae

117. Cuticular lining of the oesophageal lumen retains virus particles in a) Tylenchid nematodes only b) Aphelenchid nematodes only c) Few genera of Dorylaimid nematodes orliy d) All genera of Dorylaimid nematodes only 118. Opisthodelphic monodelphic condition is found in a) Heterodera sp. b) Pratylenchus sp. c) Trophurus sp. d) Tylenchorhynchus sp.

110. Lateral lines are absent from the perineai patterns of a) Meloidogyne incognita b) Meloidogyne javanica c) Meloidogyne erenaria d) Meloidogyne hapla
111. Which life stage of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is transported by long horn beetles? a) Second stage b) Adult c) Fourth stage dauer larva d) Egg 115. The carbamate nematicides suppress which of the following enzyme? a) Acetyl cholinesterase b) Superoxidase c) Protease d) Chitinase
%,

119. The first formal nematoiogy course was -. offered at ,p) University of California. Davis b) Universitv of Florida. Tampa c j ~ n ~ v e r s iofyCalifornia, ~ k r k e ~ e ~ t d) Rutgers University 120. Stichosome is present in a) Camallanida \~ b) Diplogasterida c) Aphelenchida d) Merrnithida 121. C02gradient in soil a) Helps nematodes to locate other nematodes b) Helps nematodes to escape unfavourable conditions C) Helps nematodes escape high temperature stress d) Helps nematodes locate food source

113. Which of the following compounds from safflower roots has been found to have nematicidal properties? a) a-terthienyls b) Polyacetylenes c) Pyrocatechol d) Glyceollin

Subject : PhD - Nen~atology 2011 -

9
129. The specificity factor that Grapevine fanleaf

122 Pathogenicity islands is a term given to a) Genes in plants complimentary to viruience genes of pathogens b) Cluster of heterogenous genes of pathogens of plants and animals c) Cluster of highly homologous genes in microbial pathogens involved in pathogenicity and virulence of both anlmals and plants d) Cluster of viruience genes in nematodes which are responsible for nematode feeding on plants 123. Which one among the foilowina is not a vital

a) b)

c)
d)

virus (GFLV), is transmitted spec~ficallyby the ectoparasitic nematode X~phinema index is because of Lectin moiety on the cuticle of X index Coat protein subunits in the icosahedralcapsid of GFLV Collagen type protein in the midgut of X. index Attachment factor produced by X. index are embedded in the epidermis and surrounded by a rhatrix termed as Mantle Deirids Phasmid ' Male bursai rays

130. Touch receptors consist of processes that

a) b)
)

stain? New blue R Potassium permanganate Hydrogen peroxide Chrysoidin

a)

b)
c) d)

134. Genus Meloidogyne was proposed by a) Emiio Augusto Goeldi b) Joseph Berkeley c) Kati Marcinowsky d) Skarbilovich
125. Larval stage of Caenorhabditis elegans,

a) b) c) d)

where it can stand on its tail is Infective stage Mating stage Dauer stage Probing stage principal structural component of nematode cuticle is Chitin Cellulose Pectin Coiiagen plant material into the soil to control soilborne organisms has been coined Bioremediation Bioincorporation Biofumigatlon Composting important role in attachment to host ceils prior to infection are Collagen-like proteins Lectins Proteases lntegrases

Matching type questions (No. 131 to 140); all questions carry equal marks. Choose the correct answer (a, b, c, d or e) for i i, each sub-question (i, i, ii iv and v) and enter your choice in the circle (by shading with a pencil) on the OMW answer sheet as per the instructions given on the answer sheet.
131. i) Coelomyar~an cells ii) Meromyarian cells

126. The

a) b) C) d)

iw)'Platymyarian cells A6Circomyarian cells v) Polymyarian cells

132.

a) Muscles cell is fiat \ b) Sarcoplasm surrounded 3 by contractile elements c) >6 rows per quadrant 8 d) Bulge Into pseudocoel , 'i e) Few rows of muscieslquadrant a) b) c) d) e) Dried tanned uterus Rectal gland \ Excretory giand Tanned cuticle False galls a) b) c) d) e) Parasitism Symbiotic Facultative parasitism External phoretic Internal phoretic a) Tylenchorhynchus b) Pratylenchus
c) Hirschmannieila

127. The practice of incorporating brassicaceous

a) b) c) d)

i) Meloidogyne il) Tylenchulus iii) Heteroderidae iv) Meloidoderila v) Nacobbus

'

128. ~ u k a c e moieties of Pasfeuria which play an

133. i) Bursaphelenchus ii) Rhadinapheienchus iii) Fergusobia iv) Steinernema V) Deladenus

a) b) c) d)

134. i) Oesophageal gland overlap dorsal ii) Oesophageal gland overlap ventral iii) Oesophageal gland overlap appendage-like iyroesophageal gland overlap long, ventral v) No gland overlap

d) Hoplolaimus e) Aphelenchoides

Subject : PhD - Nematology -2011

135. i) r-strategists ii) k-strategists iii) Commensalism iv) Predation v) Antibiosis /

Pseudomonas fluoresEens Rhabditis Dorylaimids Rhabditida, Dipiogasterida and Aphelenchida e) Aporcelaimus spp;.

a) b) c) d)

139. i) Rhodocpccus fasciens ii) Rhynchophorus' palmarum iil) TOBRA virus ' iv) E. coli V) Clavibacter tritlci 140. i) Maturity index

a) Rhadinaphelenchusspp b) Anguina tritici c) ~aeriorhabditis elegans d) Trichodorus spp. e) Aphelenchoides spp.

136.
a) Pythium debaryamion + Meloidogyne ii) Black shank b) Rl?izoctoniasolani + Meloidogyne iii) Net negative change c) RNAi iv) Inhibition of gene d) DNA expression .v) Cortical rot e) Rhizoctonia solani + V. dahliae i) Damping off a) Ability to withstand perturbations without large changes in composltion ii) Trophic structure b) Measure of the variety of species in a community that takes into account the relative abundance of each species lii) Stability domain c) Position in the food chain determined by the number of energy-transfer steps to that level iv) Diversity index d) Nematode community indicator of ecological succession e) Organization of the V) Trophic level community based on feeding relationships of populations

Gene loci i) mj ii) MI iii) Grol

a) Sugarbeet b) Cowpea C) Cucumber d) Tomato e) Potato

138. Match the type of symmetry generally seen in nematodes I) B~laterai a) Arrangement of epldermal chords it) Triradial b) Nematode body iii) Tetra radial c) Lips iv) Hexaradiald) Oesophagus V) Asymmetry e) Nervous/excretoryl reproductive

Subject : PIID - Nematology

- 2011
7 .

11

Short questions (No. 141 to 146); each question carries FIVE marks. Write answers, including computation I mathematical calculations If any, in the soace orovlded for each question on"th6questioll paper itself. . i , , . , ...
'

'

141. Why molecular Koch pojtulates .are more accepted now a days? .
i '

,'

, .

, . .

142. You encounter high incidence of J2 of "cyst nematode" on a crop in soil, but there are no cysts in the soil. How will you solve the mystery? .
~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~
~p

,. :8

Subject : PhD - ~ e m a t o l o 2011 ~~

, , . ' < ::?.

I :

..

'

.. ,

: .

12

.. ,! .

, .

. ..

./

,...

'

-.

ll,,

:,<,, ,

143. The.,eg& of. Meloidogyne inco&/ta'hitch] ptofi&ly i n wat6r 'but this does not happen with , , I," I Globodera rostochiensis eggs. Glve reabon:
'

,.i;

144. Flooding 1 one of the means to reduce nematode population in the soil, but standing water doesn't s

affect survival of Hirschmaniella In rice fields. Give reasons.

146. Why do nematodes have cylindrical body?

i