The leptin-melanocortin pathway of eutherian mammals Mammals have two metabolic pathways that they live within normally

on our planet by evolutionary design. In fact, this is how all mammals evolved. One pathway dominates spring and summer, and the other dominates fall and winter. The study of circadian rhythms is called chronobiology. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the circadian pacemaker that monitors this dance between darkness and light and the seasonal cold and hot temperatures in our environment. When temperature becomes the dominant environmental trigger and not light cycles, the leptin receptor induces endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) formation. So the cold turns off control of all circadian rhythms to light and uses temperature instead! So evolution makes sure we do not use carbs in the winter. cold lowers leptin in number while its receptor become supra sensitive. COLD IS YOUR OPTIMAL HORMONE MAKER It requires 2 weeks of cold to get full adaption in humans.Cold is the most potent stimulator of alpha MSH and ACTH production.