Appendicitis is a condition in which the appendix becomes swollen, inflamed, filled with pus.

The appendix is a small pouch shaped like a small finger. It is on the right side of the abdomen, connected to the colon. The causes of appendicitis are generally unknown, but the leading theory is that obstruction of the appendiceal orifice is the inciting factor. Obstruction may come from fecal matter lodged in the appendix, impaction of mucous, a small tumor (such as a carcinoid), or even a small blood clot. If the appendix ruptures and releases the infection into the abdomen the patient may develop peritonitis. The peritoneum will become inflamed. The peritoneum is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs. Peritonitis causes the bowels to shut down bowel movements will stop and the bowel will become blocked. The patient will develop a fever and could go into shock. Peritonitis requires urgent treatment.