Chapter Objectives

Understand the concepts of normal and shear stress Analyze and design of members subjected to axial load or shear

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Equilibrium of a Deformable Body

External Loads Surface & Body forces Support Reactions Equations of Equilibrium Internal Resultant Loadings

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External loads

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Support Reactions

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Equations of Equilibrium

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Internal Resultant Loadings

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Internal Resultant Loadings

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READING QUIZ
1. What is the normal stress in the bar if P=10 kN and 500mm?
a) b) c) d) e) 0.02 kPa 20 Pa 20 kPa 200 N/mm 20 MPa

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READING QUIZ (cont)

2. What is the average shear stress in the internal vertical surface AB (or CD), if F=20kN, and AAB=ACD=1000mm?
a) b) c) d) e) 20 N/mm 10 N/mm 10 kPa 200 kN/m 20 MPa

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APPLICATIONS (cont)
Will the total shear force over the anchor length be equal to the total tensile force tensile A in the bar?

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APPLICATIONS

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AVERAGE NORMAL STRESS

Will the total shear force over the anchor length be equal to the total tensile force tensile A in the bar?

P = A

AVERAGE SHEAR STRESS

Fz z = lim A0 A
Fx zx = lim A 0 A Fy zy = lim A 0 A

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EXAMPLE 1 (average normal stress)

The bar in Fig. 116a has a constant width of 35 mm and a thickness of 10 mm. Determine the maximum average normal stress in the bar when it is subjected to the loading shown.

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EXAMPLE 1 (cont)
Solutions
By inspection, different sections have different internal forces.

Graphically, the normal force diagram is as shown.

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EXAMPLE 1 (cont)
Solutions
By inspection, the largest loading is in region BC,

PBC = 30 kN
Since the cross-sectional area of the bar is constant, the largest average normal stress is

BC

PBC 30 103 = = = 85.7 MPa (Ans) A (0.035)(0.01)

( )

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DESIGN OF SIMPLE CONNECTION For normal force requirement

A= P

allow

For shear force requirement

A=

allow

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EXAMPLE 2 (single shear stress)

The rigid bar AB shown in Fig. 129a is supported by a steel rod AC having a diameter of 20 mm and an aluminum block having a cross sectional area of 1800mm2. The 18-mmdiameter pins at A and C are subjected to single shear. If the failure stress for the steel and aluminum is ( ) = 680 MPa and ( ) = 70 MPa respectively, and the failure shear stress for each pin is = 900 MPa , determine the largest load P that can be applied to the bar. Apply a factor of safety of FS=2.
st fail

al

fail

fail

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EXAMPLE 2 (cont)
Solutions
The allowable stresses are
680 = 340 MPa 2 F .S . ( al ) fail 70 = = 35 MPa ( al )allow = 2 F .S . fail 900 = = 450 MPa allow = F .S . 2 =

( st )allow =

( st ) fail

There are three unknowns and we apply the equations of equilibrium,

+ M B = 0; + M A = 0; P (1.25) FAC (2 ) = 0 FB (2 ) P(0.75) = 0 (1) (2)

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EXAMPLE 2 (cont)
Solutions
We will now determine each value of P that creates the allowable stress in the rod, block, and pins, respectively. For rod AC, FAC = ( st )allow ( AAC ) = 340(10 6 ) (0.01)2 = 106.8 kN

Using Eq. 1, P =

(106.8)(2) = 171 kN
1.25

For block B, FB = ( al )allow AB = 35(10 6 )[1800(10 6 )] = 63.0 kN

Using Eq. 2, P =

(63.0)(2) = 168 kN
0.75
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EXAMPLE 2 (cont)
Solutions
For pin A or C, V = FAC = allow A = 450(106 ) (0.009)2 = 114.5 kN

Using Eq. 1, P =

(114.5)(2) = 183 kN
1.25

When P reaches its smallest value (168 kN), it develops the allowable normal stress in the aluminium block. Hence,

P = 168 kN (Ans)

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EXAMPLE 3 (internal loadings)

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EXAMPLE 3 (cont)

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EXAMPLE 3 (cont)

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EXAMPLE 3 (cont)

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EXAMPLE 4 (double shear stress)

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EXAMPLE 4 (cont)

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EXAMPLE 4 (cont)

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EXAMPLE 4 (cont)

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EXERCISES

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EXERCISES

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EXERCISES

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EXERCISES

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EXERCISES

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EXERCISES

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CONCEPT QUIZ
1) The thrust bearing is subjected to the loads as shown. Determine the order of average normal stress developed on cross section through BC and D.
a) b) c) d) C>B>D C>D>B B>C>D D>B>C

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