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ALKAN

1. Hay viet CTCT cua cac hp chat va cac goc sau:


H 3C CH CH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH CH CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3

CH3 CH CH CH2 CH CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3

4-propyl-5-isopropyloctan
CH3 CH3

2,3,5-trimethylhexan
H3C CH CH3 CH3 CH CH CH CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

H3C C CH2 C CH3 CH3 CH3

Di tert-buthylmethan

2,3-dimethyl-4-propyl-4-isopropylheptan
CH3 C2H5 CH3 H3C C C C CH3 CH3 C2H5 CH3

2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3,3-diethylpentan

H3C H3C

CH CH2

CH3 CH CH2 CH3

isobutyl

Sec-butyl

CH3 H3C C CH3

H 3C CH CH2 CH2 H 3C

isoamyl

Tert-butyl

CH3 H3C C CH2 CH3

neopentyl
3

2. Goi ten theo danh phap IUPAC


CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3 H3C CH CH2 C CH3 CH3

H3C C CH2 C CH2 CH3

2,2,4,4-tetramethylhexan
2 5 4 3

2,2,4-trimethylpentan
1

CH2 CH3

CH 3 H 3 C CH C CH 3 CH 2 CH 3

CH 3 CH 3

H3C CH CH CH CH3 H3C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3


7 6

C H 2 C CH 3

3,5-dimethyl-4-propylheptan

2,2,4,5-tetramethyl-4-ethylhexan
H3C CH2 CH CH2 CH CH3 CH2 CH3 CH3

2-methyl-4-ethylhexan
4

3. Goi ten cac hp chat theo danh phap IUPAC


a. Dimethyldipropylmethan
CH3 H3C CH2 CH2 C CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3

b. Ethylisopropylbutylmethan
3 4 5 6 7

H3C CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 H3C CH CH3


2 1

4,4-dimethylheptan

2-methyl-3-ethylheptan

c. Triethyl tert-butylmethan.
CH3 CH2 CH3 H3C C C CH2 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH3

2,2-dimethyl-3,3-diethylpentan
5

d. Tetraisopropylmethan
CH3 CH3 CH CH3 H3C CH C CH CH3 H3C CH CH3 CH3

2,4-dimethyl-3,3-diisopropylpentan

e. Dimethyl sec-butylisobutylmethan
CH3 H3C CH2 CH C CH2 CH CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3

2,4,4,5-tetramethylheptan
6

7. Cho biet pp ieu che


a.
2 H3C CH2 CH2 I
2Na 2NaI

H3C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

n-hexan

b.

H3C C CH2 CH3 O

Zn-Hg/HCl hoac2N NH2/HO H

H3C CH2 CH2 CH3

n-butan

c.

CaC2

H2O

HC CH

H2 Pd/BaSO4

CH2 CH2

HCl

H3C CH2 Cl
Na

H3C CH2 CH2 CH3

7.
d.

CH3CH2CH3
600 C
0

Cl2 as

CH3CHCH3 Cl

Mg/ether khan

CH3CHCH3 MgCl

H2C CH2

H2O/H+

CH3CH2OH

CuO/t

CH3CH O

CH 3CH O + CH 3CHCH 3 + MgCl


+

CH 3CH OMgCl H 3C CH CH 3

H2O/H+

CH 3CH OH H 3C CH CH 3
PCl5

CH 3CH O
Na

CH 3CH Cl H 3C CH CH 3

CH 3 CH CH CH CH CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3

2,3,4,5-tetramethylhexan
8

8. Nhan xet va bo tuc them sp cua p/ ieu che n-pentan da tren p/ sau:

H3C CH2 I

+ H3C CH2 CH2 I

2Na 2NaI

H3C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 H3C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 H3C CH2 CH2 CH3

9. Da vao p/ Wurtz ieu che cac chat


a.
2 H3C CH CH2 Br CH3
2Na 2NaI

H3C CH CH2 CH2 CH CH3

isopropylisobutylmetan

CH3

CH3

b.

H3C CH Cl CH3

Cl CH CH2 CH3 CH3

2Na 2NaCl

H3C CH CH CH2 CH3

2,3-dimethylpentan
CH3 CH3

CH3 CH3

c.

CH3 H 3C CH2 C Br
2Na 2NaCl

H 3C

CH2 C

C CH2 CH3

CH3

CH3 CH3

3,3,4,4-tetramethylhexan
10

9.

d.

H3C CH2 Cl

+ Cl CH CH2 CH3 CH3

2Na 2NaCl

H3C CH2 CH CH2 CH3 CH3

3-methylpentan

e.
H 3C CH Cl CH3 + Cl CH2 CH 2 CH 2 CH3
2Na 2NaCl

H3C CH CH2 CH2 CH 2 CH3 CH3

2-methylhexan

11

10. Cho biet so ong phan monochloro co c trong p/ cua chlor vi:
Cl2/as

H3C CH3

ethan

H3C CH2 Cl

H 3C CH 2 CH 2 CH 3

Cl2/as

H 3C CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 Cl H 3C CH CH 2 CH 3 Cl

n-butan

H3C CH2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 Cl H 3C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3


Cl2/as

H3C CH CH 2 CH 2 CH3 Cl H3C CH2 CH CH2 CH3 Cl


12

n-pentan

10.

H3C CH CH2 CH2 Cl CH3 H3C CH CH CH3 H3C CH CH2 CH3


Cl2/as

CH3 Cl Cl H3C C CH2 CH3 CH3 H3C CH CH2 CH3 CH2 Cl

isopentan

CH3

13

11. Da vao p/ Wurtz co the ieu che 3,4-dimethylhexan t nhng RX nao?

RX nao la thch hp hn ca

H3C CH2 CH Cl CH3

2Na 2NaCl

H3C CH2 CH CH CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3

Sec-butylchlorid

3,4-dimethylhexan

14

12. Chuyen isobutylchlorid thanh hydrocarbon no vi

a. Cung so carbon

H3C CH CH2 Cl CH3


KOH/alcol

H2/Ni

H3C CH CH3 CH3

H3C C CH2 CH3

H2/Ni

b.Vi so carbon gap oi


H3C CH CH2 Cl CH3
2Na 2NaCl

H3C CH CH2 CH2 CH CH3 CH3 CH3

15

12. c. Vi so carbon giam 1


H3C CH CH2 Cl CH3
KOH/alcol

H3C C CH2 CH3

[O] CrO3

CH3 C CH3 O
Zn Hg/HCl

NaOH [O] KMnO4

CH3 CH2 CH3


H3C CH COOH CH3
NaOH (ra ) n

H3C CH CH2 OH CH3

16

13. ieu che ethan t:

a. Ethylbromid
CH3 CH2 Br
KOH/alcol

H2C CH2

H2/Ni

H3C CH3

b. Acid acetic
CH3COOH
LiAlH4

CH3CH2OH

H2SO4/180 C

H2C CH2

H2/Ni

H3C CH3

c. T cac chat vo c
CaC2
H2O

HC

CH

2 H2/Ni

H3C CH3

17

14. Xac nh tac nhan thch hp cho cac p/


o NaOH ran, t

CH 3CH 2COOH

CH 3CH 3

CH 3CH 2COOH

NaOH ien phan

CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 3

CH3(CH2)16COOH

o NaOH ran, t

CH3(CH2)15CH3

CH3(CH2)16COOH

NaOH ien phan

CH3(CH2)32CH3

18

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