Human Body

Systems

Systems
Cells

Organs

Tissues

Cells

Structural unit, building block Carry on functions of life

Take in food and oxygen: ingestion, respiration, digestion Produce heat and energy: metabolism Eliminate wastes: excretion Perform special functions: secretion Reproduce to create new identical cells: reproduction

Cell Structure

Tissues

Cells of the same type joined together for a common purpose Types

Epithelial Connective tissue Nervous tissue Muscle tissue

Tissues

Organs/System

Organs

Groups of different tissues that work together for a special function

heart, stomach, lungs, skin, kidneys

System

Groups of different organs that work together for a special function

Circulatory, digestive, respiratory

Organ/system

Homeostasis

Body equilibrium, or the maintenance of a stable internal environment. Metabolism Heating the body

Shivering, blood vessel constriction Sweating, blood vessel dilation

Cooling the body

Anatomical Position

Directional Terms

Anterior/ Posterior Medial/Lateral Internal/External Proximal/Distal Superior/Inferior Cranial/Caudal

Proximal/ Distal

Proximal

closest to the point of origin farther from the point of origin

Distal

Body Planes

Sagittal Medial/Mid-sagittal Coronal/Frontal Transverse

Abdominal Quadrants

RUQ

liver, gallbladder, large intestine stomach, spleen, pancreas, large intestine appendix, large intestine, ovary, fallopian tube large intestine, ovary, fallopian tube

LUQ

RLQ

LLQ

Body Cavities

Anterior

Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic Cranial Spinal

Posterior

Body Systems
10 Systems

Integumentary System

Organs

Skin, hair, nails

Function

Protection Water balance Temperature regulation Receptor organs

Skeletal System

Organs

206 bones in adult Cartilage, tendons, ligaments Support- body structure and shape Protection- vital organs surrounded Movement and anchorage of muscles Mineral storage- calcium and phosphorus Blood cell formation Tendons- attach muscle to bone Ligaments- attach bone to bone

Function

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Organs

Over 600 muscles make up muscular system

Function

Movement Posture maintenance Stabilization of joints Generation of heat Protection of some internal organs

Muscular System

Nervous System

Organs

Most highly organized system of the body CNS-brain & spinal cord PNS-sensory & motor Master control system Master communication system Regulates, maintains homeostasis

Function

Nervous System

Digestive System

Organs

Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines, Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands, tongue, teeth Breakdown of foodstuffs so it can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the cells/ tissues Eliminate non-digestible substances produced during metabolism

Function

Digestive System

Cardiovascular System

Organs Pulmonary, systemic, and coronary circulation

Heart Vessels

Arteries, veins, capillaries

Cardiovascular System

Cardiac Circulation

Lymphatic System

Organs

Spleen, thymus, tonsils

body defense, disease resistance

Vessels

Transport fluids escaped from the vascular system back to the blood Absorb fats Immunity

Lymphatic System

Respiratory System

Organs

Nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea Bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli Lungs Distribute air, gas exchanger, air purifier

Function

Respiratory System

Endocrine System

Gland-any organ/structure that produces a secretion

Pituitary, adrenal, ovaries, testes, Thyroid, parathyroid, thymus Pancreas

Hormone-chemical that regulates the function of other organs

Endocrine System

Urinary System

Organs

Kidneys Ureters, Urinary bladder, Urethra Filter blood and maintain balance of pH in the blood

Function

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Male Organs

Scrotum, testes, penis, vas deferens Seminal vesicles, prostate, Cowpers gland, Function - production of sperm and transferring the sperm into the female for fertilization Mammary glands, ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina Function - produce egg cells, reception of sperm for fertilization , nourishment and protection of the baby

Female Organs

Reproductive System

10 Body Systems

Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Circulatory

Nervous

Special Senses

Lymphatic

Respiratory

Digestive Endocrine Urinary Reproductive

Special Senses

Eye

Ear

About 1 diameter Conjunctiva-a thin membrane that lines the eye Sclera- white of the eye Cornea-window of eye Pupil-circular opening Iris- colored part of eye Lens- located behind the pupil and iris

Adapted to pick up sound waves and send the impulses to the brain Equilibrium/balance Three parts:

Outer Middle Inner

for refraction of light rays

Special Senses

Nose

Tongue

Can detect 10,000 smells Smell accounts for about 90% of what we think we taste

Taste buds for sweet, sour, salty, and bitter