CHAPTER 6 Statistics III (Notes and Exercises)

Mathematics Form 4 Chapter 6 : Statistics III
CHAPTER 6 : STATISTICS III

(a) Mode of a ungrounded data Mode = the value of data with the highest frequency Example 1 : 6, 7, 7, 11, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 11, 8 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 11, 11, 11, 13, 14 mode = 11 Example 3 : Score Frequency 0 1 1 3 2 7 3 x 4 5 Example 4 : Score Frequency 0 1 1 7 2 0 3 x 4 2 Example 2 : Score Frequency 2 3 4 15 mode = 4 6 7 8 12 10 9
If mode = 2, the maximum value of x = ??? x<7 (b) x =6
If mode = 3, the minimum value of x = ??? x>7 x =8
Median of a ungrounded data Median = the middle value when a set of data is arranged in ascending order Example 1 : 5, 3, 3, 5, 7, 7, 1 1, 3, 3, 5, 5, 7, 7 median = 5 Example 3 : Number of books Number of pupils 1 3 2 0 3 1 4 5 5 6 Example 2 : 24, 23, 12, 19, 16, 17 12, 16, 17, 19, 23, 24 median =
17 + 19 = 18 2
1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5 median = 4 Example 4 : Saiz of shoes Number of students 1 8 2 14 3 12 4 x 5 3 8 + 14 = 11 + x + 3 22 = x + 14 8=x

8 8 14 14 1 11 11 1
.
x x
3 3
median = 3, range of x = ???
8 + 14 + 11 = x + 3 33 = x + 3 30 = x
8 x 30
Hak cipta terpelihara Cikgu Fayruzz Naseer SMKE2 2013
Mathematics Form 4 Chapter 6 : Statistics III (c) Mean of a ungrounded data mean = Example 1 : 68, 62, 84, 75, 78, 89 mean =
68 + 62 + 84 + 75 + 78 + 79 6 sum of all the values of data the number of data
mean = Example 2 : Mark Frequency mean =
sum of (value frequency ) total frequency
74 5
78 10
82 2
86 3
= 76
74 (5) + 78 (10) + 82 (2) + 86 (3) 5 + 10 + 2 + 3
= 78.6 (d)
Measure of Dispersion ~ range, first / lower quartile (Q1), third / upper quartile (Q3), interquartile range
range = ( largest smallest ) value of data Q1 = the value that divides the values of data that are less than median into 2 equal parts Q3 = the value that divides the values of data that are greater than median into 2 equal parts Interquatile range = Q3 Q1 Example 1 : 5, 30, 45, 29, 25, 6, 21, 8, 28, 4 Example 2 : 8, 12, 6, 10, 6, 7, 13, 3, 8, 10, 13, 19 3, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, 10, 10, 12, 13, 13, 19 4, 5, 6, 8, 21, 25, 28, 29, 30, 45 range = 45 4 = 41 Q1 = 6 Q3 = 29 Interquartile range = 29 6 = 23 Q3 range = 19 3 = 16 Q1 =
6+7 = 6.5 2 12 + 13 = = 12.5 2
Interquartile range = 12.5 6.5 = 6
(e)
Solve problem involving ungorounded data
Example 1 : Score 1 third quartile = 11, x = ??? 3 Frequency 1 1 6 2 x 3

.
12 1
14 1
x + 12 2
= 11
1,
3,
6,
6,
x,
x,
x,
12,
14
x + 12 = 22 x = 22 12 x = 10
Example 2 : 3, 3, 6, x, x, 3 Hak cipta terpelihara Cikgu Fayruzz Naseer SMKE2 2013
Mathematics Form 4 Chapter 6 : Statistics III mode = 3, median = 4. Two new pieces of data, 4 and 7 put into the set, mean = ???
3+ x 2
=4 =
mean
3+3+3+5+5+6+ 4+7 8
3, 3, 3, x, x, 6
3+x=8 x = 8 3 x=5
= 4.5
(f)
Class interval, lower / upper limit, lower / upper boundary, size of class interval, midpoint Example : Class interval
.
11 15
16 20
21 25
26 30
31 35
36 40
41 45
lower limit = 16,
upper limit= 20
lower boundary = 15.5, midpoint = =
upper boundary = 20.5
size of class interval = 5 = upper. B lower. B = midpoint2 midpoint1
lower lim it + upper lim it 2 lower boundary + upper boundary 2
= 18
(g)
Frequency table, Cumulative Frequency, Modal class, Mean, Range Example : Donation, x Frequency, f
`
11 15 1 1
16 20 3 4
21 25 6 10
26 30 10 20
31 35 11 31
36 40 7 38
41 45 2 40
Cumulative F.
.
modal class = the class interval with the highest frequency = 31 35 mean =
fx f
sum of (midpo int frequency ) sum of frequency
13 (1) + 18 (3) + 23 (6) + 28 (10) + 33 (11) + 38 (7) + 43 (2) 40
= 30
range = midpoint of (hightest lowest ) class = 43 13 = 30
(h)
Histogram, frequency polygons, ogive, first quartile, third quartile, interquartile range Histogram lower / upper boundary. frequency ** the frequency polygon can be
constructed based on a histogram
Example :
[ base on frequency table in (g) ]

Frequency Histogram 10 8 6 4 2 0 35.5 30.5 25.5 10.5 15.5 20.5 40.5 45.5 Donation Frequency polygon
Frequency Polygons midpoint frequency ** the frequency polygon should add a

class with zero frequency before the first class and after the last class
Example :
Frequency 10 8 6 4 2 0 28 33 23 13 18 38 43 48
Donation 40.5 45.5
Donation 8
Ogive upper boundary cumulative frequency ** add a class with zero frequency before the first class
Example :
Cumulative Frequency 40 30 20 10 0 15.5 10.5 20.5
3 N 4 1 N 2 1 N 4
Q1
25.5
med Q3 . 30.5 34.5
30.5
25.5
35.5
EXERCISES of SPM PAPER 2 FORMAT : (STATISTICS III) 1 The data shows the ages, in years, of 30 workers in a carpenter factory. 21 48 38 (a) 38 29 34 25 34 24 39 45 26 31 26 28 (Ans : 28) 23 20 31 29 36 43 40 33 27 47 31 32 28 20 25 [1 mark]
State the range of the data.
Answer : (a)
(b)
Based on the data above and by using a class interval of 5 years, complete the table in the answer space. [4 marks] Answer : (b) Age (years) 20 24 25 29 Frequency Mid-point Upper Boundary
(c)
Based on the table in (b), (i) (ii) state the modal class, (Ans : 25 29) calculate the estimated mean ages of the workers and given your answer correct to 3 decimal places. (Ans : 31.667) [3 marks]
Answer : (c) (i) Hak cipta terpelihara Cikgu Fayruzz Naseer SMKE2 2013
Mathematics Form 4 Chapter 6 : Statistics III (ii) (d) For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided on the next page.
By using a scale of 2 cm to 5 years on the x-axis and 2 cm to one worker on the y-axis, draw a histogram for the data. [4 marks] Answer : (d) 2 Refer graph on the next page.
The data shows the masses, in kg, of suitcases carried by a group of tourists. Each tourist has one suitcase.
27 29 27 29
10 18 25 19
22 22 16 33
28 13 19 25
21 20 16 23
14 21 24 24
29 24 26 26
25 27 27 31
(a) (b) (c)
Based on the data above, and by using the a class interval of 3 kg, complete the table in the answer space. [3 marks] Based on the table in (a), calculate the estimated mean mass of the suitcases and give your answer correct to 2 decimal places. (Ans : 23.19) [3 marks] For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided on the next page. By using a scale of 2 cm to 3 kg on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to one suitcase on the vertical axis, draw a histogram for the data. [4 marks]
(d)
State one information that can be obtained from the histogram in (c).
[2 marks]
Answer : [2004, No.14] (a) Class Interval 10 12 13 15 Frequency Mid-point
(b) Hak cipta terpelihara Cikgu Fayruzz Naseer SMKE2 2013
(c)
Refer graph on the next page.
(d) ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
The data shows the masses, in kg, for a group of 32 students. 44 60 54 (a) 64 50 49 59 40 58 49 43 54 35 47 48 40 45 47 50 57 53 51 53 45 51 52 62 59 56 46 51 56
In the answer space, construct a frequency table for the above data by using 5 kg as the size of the class interval. Begin with 30 34, 35 39, and so on. [3 marks] Based on the table in (a), (i) (ii) state the modal class, estimate the mean mass. marks] (Ans : 50 54) (Ans : 50.906) [4
(b)
(c)
For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided on the next page. By using a scale of 2 cm to 5 kg on the x-axis and 2 cm to one student on the y-axis, draw a histogram for the data. [4 marks]
(d)
On the histogram, draw a frequency polygon for the data. [1 mark]
Answer : (a) Class Interval Frequency
Mathematics Form 4 Chapter 6 : Statistics III .
(b)
(i) (ii)
(c) (d)
Refer graph on the next page. Refer graph on the next page.
Mathematics Form 4 Chapter 6 : Statistics III 4 The table shows the sizes, in cm, of 66 crabs caught by a fisherman. Size (cm) 22 24 25 27 28 30 31 33 34 36 (a) (b) Number of Crabs 9 27 11 15 4 [2 marks] Mid-point
Complete the above table in the answer space. Based on the table in (a), (i) (ii) state the mid-point of the modal class, (Ans : 26) (Ans : 28) calculate the estimated mean size of the crabs.
[4 marks]
(c)
For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided on the next page. By using a scale of 2 cm to 3 cm on the x-axis and 2 cm to 5 crabs on the y-axis, draw a histogram for the data. [4 marks]
(d)
On the histogram, draw a frequency polygon for the data.
[2 marks]
Answer : (a) Size (cm) 22 24 25 27 28 30 31 33 34 36 Number of Crabs 9 27 11 15 4 Mid-point
(b)
(i) (ii)
(c)
Mathematics Form 4 Chapter 6 : Statistics III (d) 5 Refer graph on the next page.
The data shows the distribution of heights, in cm, of 40 students in a class. 178 174 172 173 (a) 176 154 162 151 159 177 175 176 171 179 153 156 160 158 167 178 166 168 167 152 164 167 155 163 171 174 168 160 174 169 173 172 154 164 169 154
Using data above, complete the table in the answer space based on the class interval of the same size. [4 marks]
Answer : (a) Height (cm) 145 149 Frequency, f Mid-point, x
(b)
Based on the table in (a), (i) (ii) state the modal class, (Ans : 170 174) calculate the mean height of the students in the class and give your answer correct to two decimal palces. (Ans : 165.88) [4 marks]
Answer : (b) (i) (ii)
(c)
For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided on the next page. By using a scale of 2 cm to 5 cm on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to one student on the vertical axis, draw a frequency polygon for the data. [4 marks]
Answer : Hak cipta terpelihara Cikgu Fayruzz Naseer SMKE2 2013
Mathematics Form 4 Chapter 6 : Statistics III (c) 6 Refer graph on the next page.
The table shows the consulation time, in minutes, spend by 25 students with the counselor. Time (minutes) Frequency 25 30 5 (Ans : 8) 31 36 7 37 42 x 43 48 3 49 54 2 [2 marks]
(a)Calculate the value of x.

Answer : (a)
(b)
Complete the table in the answer space.
[2 marks]
Answer : (b) Time (minutes) 25 30 31 36 37 42 43 48 49 54 Frequency, f 5 7 8 3 2 Mid-point, x
(c)
Based on the table in (a), (i) (ii) state the upper boundary of the modal class, calculate the mean time. (Ans : 37.1) (Ans : 42.5) [4 marks]
Answer : (c) (i) (ii)
(d)
For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided on the next page. By using a scale of 2 cm to 6 minutes on the x-axis and 2 cm to one student on the y-axis, draw a frequency polygon for the data. [4 marks]
Answer : Hak cipta terpelihara Cikgu Fayruzz Naseer SMKE2 2013
Mathematics Form 4 Chapter 6 : Statistics III (d) Refer graph on the next page. The table shows the scores obtained by a group of 30 students in a Mathematics quiz. Score Frequency Score Calculate : (i) (ii) the value of x, (Ans : 15) (Ans : 4) [5 marks] the the mode of the score, 1 2 2 8 3 x 4 40 5 15 6 36
(a)
(iii) the mean of the scores, give your answer correct to 4 significant figures. (Ans : 3.867) Answer : (i) (ii) (iii) (b) The data shows the distribution of masses, in kg, for a group of 50 students. 46 50 52 45 53 (i) (ii) 40 54 46 50 59 53 43 57 52 60 47 55 54 48 42 56 49 58 53 66 52 58 44 62 52 57 53 68 51 59 51 47 56 59 64 52 58 57 54 72
54 51 59 44 63
In the answer space, construct a frequency table for the above data using class intervals 35 39, 40 44, and so on. [3 marks] For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided on the next page. By using a scale of 2 cm to 5 kg on the x-axis and 2 cm to 2 students on the y-axis, draw a frequency polygon for the data. [4 marks]
Answer : (i) Class Interval Frequency
(ii) 8
The data shows the donations, in RM, of 40 families to their children school welfare fund. 40 23 27 30 (a) 24 28 35 34 17 33 45 31 30 33 21 37 22 39 38 40 26 34 22 32 35 39 27 14 19 28 35 28 20 29 32 38 32 26 22 44
Using the above data, and a class interval of RM 5, complete the table in the answer space. [4
marks] Answer : Donation (RM) 11 15 16 20 Frequency Cumulative Frequency
(b)
For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided on the next page.
By using a scale of 2 cm to RM 5 on the x-axis and 2 cm to 5 families on the y-axis, draw an ogive based on the data. [4 marks] Answer : (b) (c) Refer graph on the next page. From your ogive in (b), (i) (ii) find the third quartile, (Ans : 35) (Ans : 25.5) hence, explain brierfly the meaning of the third quartile.
(iii) find the value of x, if 25% of the student s families contributed less than RM x. (iv) find the value of y, if Answer : (i) (ii) (iii) third quartile = __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ x = ____________________________________________________________________ Hak cipta terpelihara Cikgu Fayruzz Naseer SMKE2 2013
1 of the student s families contributed at least RM y. (Ans : 38.5) 10 [4 marks]
Mathematics Form 4 Chapter 6 : Statistics III (iv) y = ____________________________________________________________________ [2003, No.14]
Mathematics Form 4 Chapter 6 : Statistics III 9 The table show the distribution of marks obtained by a group of 80 students in a Mathematics test. Marks 51 - 55 56 - 60 61 - 65 66 - 70 71 - 75 76 - 80 81 - 85 86 - 90 (a) Based on the table, find (i) (ii) the value of x, the value of y, (Ans : 20) (Ans : 73) (Ans : 68) [4 marks] Frequency 4 9 17 x 15 8 5 2 Cumulative Frequency 4 13 30 50 65 y 78 80
(iii) the mid-point of the modal class. (b)
For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided on the next page. By using a scale of 2 cm to 5 marks on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 10 students on the vertical axis, draw an ogive for the data. [4 marks] From the ogive, find (i) the lower quartile, (Ans : 62.5) (Ans : 54.5) (Ans : 82) [4 marks] (ii) the median, (Ans : 67.5)
(c)
(iii) the passing mark, if only 3 students failed in the test.
(iv) the minimum mark to score an A, if only 5 students scored A in the test. Answer : (a) (i) (ii) (iii)
(b) (c)
Refer graph on the next page. (i) (ii) (iii)
Mathematics Form 4 Chapter 6 : Statistics III 10 (iv) The table shows the distribution of heights, in m, of 92 trees in a Recreation Park. Height (m) Frequency 1.0 - 1.4 1.5 - 1.9 2.0 - 2.4 2.5 - 2.9 3.0 - 3.4 3.3 - 3.9 4.0 - 4.4 4.5 - 4.9 (a) Calculate the range for the grouped data above. Answer : (a) 2 9 26 24 19 8 3 1 (Ans : 3.5) [2 marks]
(b) Based on the table above, complete the cumulative frequency table in the answer space.[3 marks] Answer : Class Interval 1.0 - 1.4 1.5 - 1.9 2.0 - 2.4 2.5 - 2.9 3.0 - 3.4 3.5 - 3.9 4.0 - 4.4 4.5 - 4.9 (c) For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided on the next page. By using a scale of 2 cm to 0.5 m on the x-axis and 2 cm to 10 trees on the y-axis, draw an ogive for the data. [4 marks] Upper Boundary Cumulative Frequency
Answer : (c) (d) Refer graph on the next page.
From the ogive, find (i) the median, (Ans : 2.65) (ii) the interquartile range, (Ans : 1) (iii) find the percentage of trees which are at least 4.1 m in height and give your answer correct to 2 decimal places. (Ans : 3.26) [3 marks] Answer : (i) (ii) Hak cipta terpelihara Cikgu Fayruzz Naseer SMKE2 2013
Mathematics Form 4 Chapter 6 : Statistics III (iii)

11 The table shows the distribution of heights, in cm, of 92 students in a school. Height 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 (a) (i) (ii) (cm) 124 129 134 139 144 149 154 159 Mid-point Frequency 4 10 26 24 17 7 3 1
Based on the table above, complete the table (a) in the answer space. Hence, calculate the mean height of the students. (Ans : 136.239)
[3 marks]
(b) Upper Boundrary Cumulative Frequency (i) (ii) Based on the table in (a), complete the table in (b) in the answer space. For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided on the next page. By using a scale of 2 cm to 5 cm on the x-axis and 2 cm to 10 students on the y-axis, draw an ogive for the data. (iii) From the ogive, find the interquartile range for the data. (Ans : 9) 119.5 159.5
(iv) The students whose height is above 152 cm are chosen as basketball player. Find the number of students who are chosen. (Ans : 2) [9 marks] Answer : (a) (i) Height 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 (ii) (b) (i) Upper Boundary Cumulative Ferquency (ii) (iii) Refer graph on the next page. 119.5 159.5 (cm) 124 129 134 139 144 149 154 159 Mid-point Frequency 4 10 26 24 17 7 3 1

(iv) 12 The frequency table shows the speeds, in km/h, of 92 motorbikes that passed a certain point along a highway.
30 25 Frequency 20 15 10 5 0 73 5 88 98 108 Speed (km/h)
78
83
93
103
(a) Based on the frequency polygon, complete the table in the answer space. Answer : (a) Speed (km/h) Mid-point Upper Boundary Frequency
[4 marks]
Cumulative Frequency 0
92 (b) Based on the table in (a), (i) state the modal class, (Ans : 91 95) (ii) calculate the estimated mean and give your answer correct to 3 decimal places. (Ans : 92.239) Answer : (b) (i) (ii) (c) For this part of the question, use the graph paper provided on the next page. (i) (ii) Answer : (c) (i) By using a scale of 2 cm to 5 km/h on the x-axis and 2 cm to 10 motorbikes on the y-axis, draw an ogive based on the frequency table in (a). From the ogive, state the first quartile. (Ans : 88) [5 marks]
[3 marks]

(ii)

CHAPTER 6 Statistics III (Notes and Exercises)

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CHAPTER 6 Statistics III (Notes and Exercises)

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Mathematics Form 4 Chapter 6 : Statistics III