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MICROCONTROLLERS
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miq.sh ,smsfha m< jQ rEm igyk wOHhkfha Tng High level languages yd Machine languages w;r Assembly language k ;j;a NdIdjla we;s nj;a th hka;% NdIdjg jvd;a im nj;a fmkS hkq we;' fuh hka;% NdIdjg fndfyda fihska iudk f' tfy;a fuys we;s fjki k hka;% NdIdf tk 1 yd 0ys ksYa; ixfhdackhka i|yd bx.%Sis wl=re fhuhs' my; WyrKh i,ld n,kak' INCF PORTA fuh Assembly language instruction tlls' tuska Porta k f;dgqmf<ys (Ports .ek l,ska i|yka we;& w.h tllska je lsug uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,rfha md,k tallhg (Control unit) Odkh lrhs' g wkqrEm Machine code tl my; laf' 000101010000101 fuu Machine code tflys wmg f;afrk hula ke;' tfy;a th u Assembly language uska bm;a l< g f;are .; yels f' f WyrKfhka Tng Assembly language Nd;h Machine language Nd;hg jvd fl;r myiq hs ka jegfykjd we;' tfia kuq;a by< ugf l%uf,aLk NdIdjkag (High level programming languages) idfmaCI j fuh ;jrg;a Ialr ugf mj;S' tfy;a uhsfl%dkafg%da,r Nd;fha Assembly language b;d Yd, jYfhka fhd .efka' kQ;k f,dalfha uhsfl%dkafg%da,r l%uf,aLkh i|yd by< ugf l%uf,aLk NdIdjka yd tajdg w<

Compilers fndfyduhla ;sf' W : C, Basic, J2Me. tfy;a Assembly language Nd;h my; lreKq fya;= fldgf.k bfhka mj;S' 1' l%uf,aLkh b;d ixCIsma; lsug yels u' 2' uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,rh ;=< we;s fkdfhl=;a fldgia ^tall& ldrhCIu f,i Nd; lsug yels u& 3' b;d by< ls%hdld f.hla yd f.j;a m%;spdr iys; moaO;Ska ksrudKh lsug myiq u' 4' moaO;sh ;=< oDVdx. (Hardware) mmd,kh b;d idr:l j yd myiqfjka l< yels u' tfia u Tng uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,r Nd;h ms<sn| meye,s yd ksje/ jegySula ,nd.ekSug k" Assembly language programming mqyqKq u wjYH f' f ksid fuu ,sms fmf<a m%dfhda.sl ls%hdldrl i|yd fhdo.kq ,nk l%uf,aLk ilia lsug Assembly language Nd; lsug wms woyia lf<uq' ;j o tla tla uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,r jr.hkag O Assembly language compilers mj;S' lsish moaO;shla ksrudKh lsug uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,rhla f;dard .ekSf Bg w< Compiler tl .ek o fYaI wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;= h' Bg fya;=j fuu uDldx. (Compilers) fndfyda , wl u h' iuyr

ksIamdolhka iska fjd fkd,fha imhkq ,ef' fuu ,sms fmf<a wm Nd;hg .kakd PIC 16F84 uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,r ksIamdokh lrk uhsfl%dma (Microchip) iud.u w< Assembly language compiler tl fkdf,a ,nd ug ls%hd lr we;' th MPLABIDE (MPLAB Intergrated Development Environment) f,i yekaf' PIC jr.fha kE u uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,rhla l%uf,aLkh lsug Nd; l< yels h' tu.ska Tn f.a Assembly code tl hka;% NdIdjg yrjkjdg wu;r j tu l%uf,aLh m.Kl wdlD;shla u.ska m.Klh ;=< u l%shd lrjd (Simulate lr& y je/ ne,Sug bvlv i,id fohs' f ksid Tng Tf uhsfl%dfldkafg%da,rh kej; kej; Program lsug is jk jdr .Kk wju lr .; yels h' fuu MPLAB IDE uDldx.h my; i|yka fj wvhg msiSfuka Tng ,nd.; yels h' http://www.microchip.com fuu uDldx.h Nd; lrk wdldrh b ,smsj, iia;rd;aul j yruq' ta jk g Tng fuu uDldx.h imhdf.k ;sh yel' MPLAB IDE wdrNl uqyqKf;a PdhdrEmhla wxl 2 remfhka laf' ,nk i;sfha wjYH lrk oDVdx. .ek idlPd lruq'

fudrgqj Yaj oHd,hfha oHq;a yd ,s ixfoaY wxYfha .d chisxy$flda,s; Orum%sh ug we;s yelshdj 10]la f' B fnda;,h b;d msis c,h fkd jQj;a th wmsis fkd f' tu fnda;,fha we;s c,h ug iqiq iy ug kqiqiq w;r wjia:djl mj;S' fuys wkqudk i;H;dj 90]la ksid th ug iqiq wdikakfha mj;S' A fnda;,h f;dard .; fyd;a tu fnda;,h ug iqiq fnda;,hla fyda ug kqiqiq ^tk th fuka udrdka;sl frda.hla je<|sh yels& tlla h yels h' fuys ug iqiq f iNd;dj 90] jqj;a" ug kqiqiq udrdka;sl f 10]l wjodkula we;' B fnda;,h" ug iqiq b;d msis c,h fkd jQj;a th lsis gl;a udrdka;sl fkd f' th ug iqiq wdikakfha mj;sk ksid th mdkh lsfuka b;d iq frda.hla je<ug bvla we;s uq;a ; ;rckhla fkdue;' fuys fndfyda mqoa.,hska B fnda;,h f;dard .kq fkdwkqudk h' fuys fuu 90] -50] olajd fjkia jqj fyd;a ;;a;ajh fjkia f' tg A fnda;,h b;d msis c,h fyda udrdka;sl c,h ug tl yd iudk bv m%udKhla we;' B fnda;,h msis yd udrdka;sl w;r wjia:djl mj;S' B fnda;,h mdkh lsfuka fkd ue" fug yelshdj ,enqK;a" b;d ;on, f,i frda.d;=r ug bv ;sf' fuys mqoa.,hd f.a mshdih wkqj fhjd fyda /fljd hehs is;ka A fnda;,h mdkh lsug fyda c,h mdkfhka je<lS isug fyda bv ;sf' fuu ,smsfhka wkqudk ;rl iy iNd;dj w;r fjki meye,s l< w;r B< ,smsfhka oaudk ;rl l%ufhka woyila meye,s lsf Widhl kS;suh m%Yakhlg ms<s;=re f tk .egj;a" wkqudk ;rl l%uh hgf;a th meye,s l< yels wdldrhla uiuq' fudrgqj YajoHd,hfha hdka;%sl bxfkare wxYfha fcHIaG l:ldpdrh

wkqudk ;rl (Fuzzy Logic)

miajk ,smh s

wkqudk ;rl (Fuzzy logic) iy iNd;dj (Probability) w;r fjki

fuu ,smsfhka wkqudk ;rl (Fuzzy logic) ms<sn| j ;j rg;a uid n,uq' fuys wkqudk ;rl (Fuzzy logic) iy iNd;dj (Probability) w;r fjki meye,s lsug woyia lruq' WyrKhla f,i j;=r msmdihlska fmf<k mqoa.,hl=g j;=r fnda;,a 2la yuq f he hs is;uq' tajd A fnda;,h iy B fnda;,h f,i k lruq' A iy B fnda;a,j, fufia f,an,a lr we;ak" tk A - "fuu fnda;,h ;=< we;s c,h ug iqiq njg 90]l iNd;djla we; (Probability of 0.90 of being potable) B - "fuu fnda;,h ;=< we;s c,h ug iqiq njg wkqudk i;H;dj 90]ls' (Fuzzy membership of 0.90 being potable) tu ;eke;a;dg msmdih ksjd .ekSu i|yd fuu fnda;,a 2ka tlla f;dard .; hq;= f' Tn Tyq k f;dard .kafka l=ula o@

ug .kakd fnda;,h ;SrKh lsug fmr A iy B fnda;,aj, we;s f,an,aj, woyi uiuq' A fnda;,fha woyi" fuu fnda;,h mssis fnda;,hla ug we;s yelshdj 90] jk njhs' tfia u tu fnda;,h wmsis tk ug fkdyels ug 10]l yelshdjla o we;' ;j rg;a uiSf msis c,h fnda;,a 9la iy wmsis c,h fnda;,a 1la tlg oud" tu fnda;,a 10ka tlla wyUq f,i .;a g tu fnda;,h msis c,h ;sug 90]l wjia:djla fyda yelshdjla we;s w;r tf,i tu fnda;,h wmsis ug fkdyels

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