Adi Sankara

Bhagavadgita
Chapter 2
\V =S i il E{%]{hEIh* nxin CS vnx&**2.1**
MxS Eii En {li* +xV]MEiEVx**2.2**
C M& {l xik{{ti* Ip nn iCik` {xi{**2.3**
+Vx =S El J ph S vnx* <& |ii {Vnx**2.4**
Mxi xx Ci I{ E* ilEi Mx \V Mx v|nMvx**2.5**
x Siun#& Eiz M u V n x V&* x i x VV- i%li& |J
vi]&**2.6**
E{hn{i& {SU i vfSi&* SU& zSi ix i% v i
|{z**2.7**
x |{ {xt- tSUESUhxph* +{ {ixr V h{ Sv{i**2.8**
\V =S BCi E MbE& {xi{* x i <i MxnCi ih **2.9**
iS E& |z i* xv nxin S&**2.10**
(2.10) -- +j 'o] i {hbxE ' (Mi 1.2) <i i 'x i <i MxnCi ih ' (Mi 2.9) <iinxi& |hx
EnVinnEh|nxlix J Oxl&* il -- +Vxx VM{jjiVxxvxv '+i' 'i '
<i|ixkxSUnnxk +ix& E |ni 'El J' (Mi 2.4) <inx* E iEYx&
i Ijv r |k%{ itrn{; {v S IVxnE Ei |i* il S |hx Enn]Si i
v{iM& |ir S i* v |kx{ i Rx&Enx |k& v{E E S i* ij i
vv{Si <]x]VxJn&Jn|{iIh& & +x{i i* <ii& Vi E* iS Ex{EniYxi
xxi xki in{nnI& ExOl +Vx xkEi + Mxn& -- '+Sx' (Mi 2.11) <in** +j ESn& -Ex{EniYxx`jn Ei E x |{i * E i? +MxjniiEii Yxi E|{ii
Mi xSi%l <i* Y{E S +l -- '+l Sk v O x E ' (Mi 2.33) 'EhvEi ' (Mi 2.47) 'E
E ik' (Mi 4.15) <in* nHii nE E +v <i{RE x E* El? Ij E rIh
Mi{jnIhixi G{ v <i Ei x +v; inEh S 'ii& v Ei S i {{{' (Mi 2.33) <i i
VVniSnix {nIhx S Eh |M xvii xSiH i -- <i** ini;
YxEx`MSxnru&* '+Sx' (Mi 2.11) <inx Mi i 'v{ SI' (Mi 2.31) <iinxix Oxlx
i{liikx{h Ei, iiJ* iu r& +ix VxnbGnEi +ii |Ehlx{hi Vi,
Jr&* YxxSi i, i J&* i r& Vxx& |E +ix nniHiEiiCiit{I vvE{E

Ivxx`xIh M&* iu r& Mr&* EhSi i i Mx&* il S Mi H u r xn] 'B

i%i J rM i h' (Mi 2.39) <i* iS Jnv YxMx x` Jx H Ii '{ nix
|H' (Mi 3.3) <i* il S Mnv EMx x` H Ii -- 'EMx Mx ' (Mi 3.3) <i* Jr Mr S
+i u x` H Mi =H YxEh& EiiEiiEixEinv& M{nE{i {i* l iuMSx, il
ni i{l h -- 'Bi |Vx ESUxi h& |Vxi' (0 4.4.22) <i Ex v iSUh 'E |V E
x%i E&' (0 4.4.22) <i* ij S |E n{Oi {& +i |Ei vVYkE Ejvx -- {j, u|E
S k x n S; ij x E{ {iE|{ivx t S n k nE|{ivx %Ei' (0 1.4.17) <i +tEi
h Eh inx nix* i& il |Vxi' (0 4.4.22) <i ilxix ESUi%E i*
iniuMSxx{{z tn iEYx& SS%|i& nMi&** x S +Vx |x ={{z i 'V SiEhi' (Mi
3.1) <in&* E{x`i rEh& Mi {xH ElVx& +i rS Eh Vi Miv{x 'V
SiEhi i r&' (Mi 3.1) <i** E\S -- n rEh& SS =H& i +Vx{ =H i, 'SU iE ix
xSi' (Mi 5.1) <i El{n i +xi |x& i? x {k|xlx& tx v i S H <i{n]
ixii{k|xEh <i |x& i** +l +Vx MnHSxlExvhxk& |x& E{i, il{ Mi |xx{
|iSx n -- rEh& SS =H&, Elil i xi% -- <i* x i {x& |iSxxx{ {]nxn 'u x` {
|H' <i H H** x{ ix Eh r& SS +|i MSxn {{z* E\S -- Ij r i E v <i
Vxi& 'iiE Eh P xV' (Mi 3.1) <i ={%x{{z&** inMij <xjh{ ix ix Eh +iYx
SS x ExSqi C&* i +Yxi Mnni Eh |k Yx nxx i{ rk Yxi{z
{lik 'BEn +Ei S' <i, i Eh E|Vx S xk%{ EOl ix{ l |k&, il |k
i|k{ oi x iiE x r& SS& i; l Mi n IjvS]i x Yxx SSi {lr, iui
iivE iiun&* ikz Ei xi, x S iivk* l S MnElx&
+MxjnEIhvx`x +iMx& E +Mxjn |k Ei x]%{ E in +Mxjtxi`i%{ x
iiEMxjn i* il S ni Mx -- 'Ez{ x {i' (Mi 5.1) 'x Ei x {i' (Mi 13.31) <i ij ij** SS
'{& {i Ei' (Mi 4.15) 'Eh rli VxEn&' (Mi 3.20) <i, ik |V Y* iiEl? n ii {
VxEn& ikn%{ |kEh& &, i EOl 'Mh Mh ixi' (Mi 3.28) <i Yxx rli&, Ex |{i%{
Eh rli&, x Ex Eixi <il&* +l x i ikn&; <{ix Eh vxix r kr,
Yxi{kIh r, +li VxEn <i J* il Ii Mx 'kr E Exi ' <i* '(Mi 5.11) Eh
iS r xni x&' (Mi (18.46) <iCi r |{i {xYxx` Ii -- 'r |{i l ' (Mi 18.50) <inx**
inMij En ikYxxI|{i& x ESSii, <i xSi%l&* l Sl&, il |Eh V ij ij n&**
ij vfSi lYxi i EM xMx +Vx +xjiYxnrh{x Mxn& ii& E{ +Vxqv&
+iYxiz -- MxS --

MxS +SxxSi |YnS * MixMiS xxSxi {hbi&**2.11**

(2.11) -- +Sx <in* x S +S& phn&, ukii {l{h S xiii , ix +Sx +xS& +xSix
'i xi zk, + ixi& E E VJnx' <i* i |Ynx |Yi ri nS Sxx S * inii f
{hbi S r +ix n =xk < <i|&* i Mix Mi|hx ix, +Mix +Mi|hx ViS x +xSxi
{hbi& +iY&* {hb +i r& i {hbi&, '{hbi xt' <i i&* {lii ix xix +Sx +xS, +i
f% <i|&** Eii +S&, i xi&* El? --

x i Vi x x i x Vxv{&* x S x & i& {**2.12**

(2.12) -- x i Vi EnSi + x, E i +* +ii ni{kx P]n n xi +i|&* il x i x
+&, E i +* il x < Vxv{& x +x, E i +z* il x S x &, E i , +i& +i
nxi { =kE +{* j{ E xi +i{h <il&* nnxk Sx, xin|h** ij El xi
+ii o]xi --

nx%xl n E x V* il nxi|{ivij x i**2.13**

(2.13) -- n& + +ii n, i nx ni& +ix& +x ix n l x |Eh E E l, x x
vl, V x& Vhl, <ii& i& +l& +xxIh&* i |llx x x&, uil{Vx x ={Vx x
+ix&* E i? +G uiiil|{i& +ix o]* il iun ni +x n nxi, i |{i& nxi|{i&
+G +ix& <il&* v vx, ij i x i x {ti** t{ +ixxk x i xi +i <i
Vxi&, il{ ihJn&J|{ixk EE oi, JMxk & n&JMxkS E&* <iinVx SxRC
Mx --

j{i Exi ihJn&Jn&* +M{x%xiiiiI i**2.14**

(2.14) -- j +& xi nn <i jnx <xph* jh {& nn& M&* i ihJn&Jn& i =h J n&J
S |SUxii* +l {xi <i {& & nn&* jS {S ihJn&Jn&* i EnSi J EnSi n&J* il
=h{ +xi{* Jn&J {x& xi{ i x Si&* +i& i {lE ih& Oh* i i j{n& +M{x&
+M{& ii +xi&* +i& ix ihnx iiI |* i n E& <il&** ihnx i& E ni
h --

x lxii { {* n&JJ v %ii E{i**2.15**

(2.15) -- { n&JJ i n&JJ Jn&J|{i ni v vxi x lxi x Sxi xiinxi i
lH& ihn&, & xii{nxx` uxuh& +ii +i Iil& E{i l i** <iS E +Ei
ihnx H, i --

xi ti x ti i&* ={ o]%xiixikn&**2.16**
(2.16) -- x +i& +tx ihn& Eh x ti xi x +ii** x ihn Eh |hx{h i
i* E &, ES Si* l P]nlx SI x{h uiEhx{vi, il E&
EhiEhx{vx* Vx|v |Mv S +x{v& E P]n& nnEh S iiEhiEhx{vk** ink
|RM <i Si, x; j ru{v&, nrnri* u rx Si, ii i; u Si, ini; <i
nuM rixj li, j u r {i xvEh x xi{i, x P]&, x {]&, x i <i* j* ir&
P]nr& Si* il S ni* x i nr&* ii P]nr& +x, Si; x i nr&, +Si** P]
x] P]r Sxi nr{ Sii Si, x; {]n{ nrnxi* h nr&** nri P]r{
P]xi oi <i Si, x; {]n +nxi** nr{ x] P] x oi <i Si, x; i* nr& h i
hx{{k E i? x i {x& nr& i** BEvEhi P]n x Hi Si, x; '<nnE' <i Sn
+xi%{ xvEhnxi** iqn& uxu S Eh +i x ti <i* il iS +ix& +& +txi x
ti, j +Si <i +S** B +ixix& ni& ={ o]& ={v& +xi xh& i n +i +ni, i +x&
lH& ikn&* ini x, S , i x ini, in& ik, h li* ii p] i iknx&, i&
ikn&* i{ iknx o]i E S i ihnx xixi{h uxux 'E%z
SVxli' <i x xSi iiI <i|&** E {xii i n n <i; =Si --

+x i iur x n ii* x x ESi Eii**2.17**

(2.17) -- +x x x] i* i n& +i hl&* ii r Vx* E? x <n VMi ii {i nJx
h E, +Ex P]n&* x +nx +* + x i ={S{S x i <i + i +* xii nJ
x {h i Si, xii, nni* x{ix, +ii* l nnk vxx i, x i i* +i&
+ + h& x x ESi Eii, x ESi +ix xi Cxi <%{* +i , ix S Gvi** E
{xini iik Sii, =Si --

+xixi < n xiCi& h&* +xx%| itv i**2.18**

(2.18) -- +xi& x& ti i +xixi&* l MihEn nr& +xk |hx{hxi SUti, i +xi&; il < n&
{xnnSS +xixi& xi h& i& +xx& +| +ix& +xixi <i =H& Eil&* 'xi ' '+xx&'
<i x {xH; xii uvii E, x S* l n i& +nx Mi x] =Si* tx%{ l +xl {hi
vnH Vi x] =Si* ij 'xi' '+xx& ' <i uvx{ xx +xv& +il&* +xl {lnn{ xii i
+ix&; ii ni 'xi ' '+xx& ' <i* +| x | |iIn|h& +{SUtil&** xx +Mx +i {SUti,
|iInx S {* x +ix& i&rii* r +ix |i |i& |hxh i* x { '<il ' <i +ix|
{Si |{SUn |ii* x +i x ESi +|r i* j i +xi |h +irv{hjxiEix |hi
+ix& |i{ti, x i +YilY{Eix* il S i& -- 'iIn{In +i xi&' <i** n xi& +GS +i
ii v, ri ={ E& <il&** x +j rEii vi, r |k + E|ir& ihi* +i& i
|ixv{xxj Mi Gi* ii 'v' <i +xnj , x v&** EnEhxkl Mij, x |iE
<iil Ii

S +xx Mx* k x 'r n xxi' '+ i xi' <i, r& i* El? - x k xi Sx xi i* = i x Vxi x xi x xi**2.19**

(2.19) -- x |Ei nx k Vxi xi xxG& Ei S x +x xi i nxxx 'i&

+' <i xxG& Ei, i = x Vxi& x Yixi +Ex +ix* 'xi + ' 'i& +
+ ' <i nxxx +ix|i Vxi& i +i{xY <il&* i x + +i xi
x xxG& Ei i, x S xi x S E iil&, +Gii** ElG +ii ui xj& -x Vi i EnS- z i i x &* +V xi& i% {h x xi xx **2.20**

(2.20) -- x Vi x =i{ti, VxIh iG x +ix ti <il&* il x i * n& Sl* x

i S <i +xi xIh G |ivi* EnSSUn& G|iv& vi -- x EnSi Vi,
x EnSi i, <i* i + +i i xGx {Si +i + Mxi x & {x&,
ii x i* i x i i <iSi E* ni x nSS +i +i i
ni x &* ii x Vi* +i i Vi <iSi* xi* +i x Vi* n ii
+V&, i x i ii xiS* t{ +txiG& |iv G& |ir xi, il{
vxx Gh n |iv& Ei& +xHx{ xniGh |iv l i <i -i <inx* i <i +{IIh G |ivi* n& i&* x +{Ii {h,
xii* x{ MhIh +{I&, xMhii* +{I{i{ rIh G |ivi -- {h <i*
+Mx ={Si vi +x <i S =Si* + i +i xii {{ x i {h&; x vi
<il&* il x xi* xi& +j {hl p]& +{xHi* x {hi <il&* xx
{hx%{ * +x xj b E EEiG +ix |ivxi* |EGi
+i <i Cl&* n ii '= i x Vxi& ' <i {h xjh + xv&** ' x k xi'
<ixx xjh xxG& Ei E S x i <i |iY, 'x Vi' <ixx +Gi iCi
|iYil{i -nxx xi xV* El {& {l E Pii xi E**2.21**

(2.21) -- n Vxi +xx +xiEi xi {hi n <i xv&* x {h

xjhHIh +V Vxi + +{Ii El Ex |Eh & ux {& +vEi& xi xxG
Ei, El Pii xi |Vi* x El\Si E\Si xi, x El\Si E\Si Pii <i =j

+I{ l&, |xli* il S +Gi iii n& E|iv |Ehl& +|i Mi*
xii +I{& =nhlix Eli&** n& E Ei {x EhI{i Mx 'El {&'
<i* xx =H ix& +Gi EEh&* iH&* x i & Eh&, +xii n&
+Gnix&* x +G lh nii& E x i <i Si, x; n& +iii* x nnPi
uk* +i& {i +i& +i ux +G& <i i n& Ei +I{ H& 'El {&'
<i* l nvti ntl +G x rkEYxx +t ={v +i E{i,
+ixiEYxx rk t +i{ {li& +G +i uxSi* n& ESxi
x Eh jh vxi ix +n ix <i Mi xS%Mi** xx t{ +n vi,
nit {]{hi tvxxlCi* ij +n& Eh vxi x n& <i x{{ti <i
Si, x; +x` {{k&* +MxjnvlYxkE +MxjnE
+xEvx{{Ex` 'Ei +, Ei ' <i|EYxi& +n& l +x` i, x i
il 'x Vi' <iti{vlYxkE E\Snx` i; E i 'x Ei, x H'
<itiEiEiinYxi xxni{ti <i ={{ti* & {x& 'Ei +' <i k +ix, i
' <n Ei ' <i +x r& i; in{I & +vGi <i i |i Eh xi* S
+ux' = i x Vxi&' <i Sxi i S n& EI{SxSS 'El {&' <i* ii
i +Ginx& n& IS Ex +vE&* +i Mx xh& Jx n&
+nS Eh& |V u x` Oi -- 'YxMx Jx EMx Mx' <i* il S {j +
Mx & -- 'ul {xlx' <in* il S G{lS {ii {SixSi* i M {x&
{xni Mx -- +iki '+Efi Eii xi', ikk x E <i* il S
'Eh x xi' <in** ij ESi{hbix nxi -- 'VxnbGi& +G& +Ei
E& +i' <i x ESi Yx =i{ti, x i Ex& ={ni <i* iz; 'x Vi'
<inj{nxlC|RMi* l S j{nli vviiYx EiS
nxixvYxi{ti, il ji i +ix& +GiEiiEinYx Ei xi{ti <i |]&
i* EhMSii <i Si, x; 'xxp]' <i i&* jS{nnnEi x& +inx
Eh* il S invM +xx +M S i Yx xi{ti <i jii* Yx S =i{tx
iu{iYx + vi <i{Mxi* iSS +Yx ni 'xi + , i& + ' <i '= i x
Vxi&' <i* +j S +ix& xxG& Eii Ei iEii S +YxEi ni* iSS G{ x
Eiin& +tEii, +Gii +ix&* Gx Ei +ix& Eix |Vi 'E' <i*
inii +h n& G Eii iEii S |ivi Mxn& n& EvE|nxl
'nxx... El {& <inx* C {x& n& +vE <i inH { 'YxMx Jx' <i* il
S Ex Ii 'Eh x' <inx** xx x <i Sxi x SEx EEx S x&
<i Si, x; Eh <i iii* xx Ehi Si, x; x{{EiuCE{h
x{ inx{{k&* jh CEEh Ehx xx Eh Vi +xx Eh x
xni Si, x; 'x Ez Ex' <i hi* Ex& + Mi =H& i& x Vi& <i

Si, x; 'xu { n +i' <i hx{{k&* x Exx i iq +x i* +Ei&

+EiS n x <i xv& x n +i <i Si, x; j +ix& +Givhi, +xGS
+vEh{Iii, inx{IiSS x* {i xn& +j iMl&, x xI{l&* ii Mij
+iYxi& x +vE&, x Eh <i ij ij ={]i +iYx|Eh n&** |Ei i I&*
ij +ix& +xi |iYi* iiEi, =Si - Vhx l xx Mhi x%{h* il h Vh- xxx i xx n**2.22**

(2.22) -- jh Vhx ni Mix l E {iV xx +xx Mhi ={nk x&

{& +{h +xx, il iun h Vhx +xx i MSUi xx n +i {i
+G il&** Ei +G i, + -xx Uxnxi jh xx ni {E&* x Sx Cnxi{ x i i&**2.23**

(2.23) -- Bx |Ei nx x SUxnxi jh, xii x +M Exi* jh +nx* il x

x ni {E&, +Mx{ x Ei* il x S x Cnxi +{&* +{ ix& +pEhx
+{nx l* ii x x +ix i* il xi p xhx xi &* x i
+ix x i i%{** i& ii -+SUt%n%Ct% S* xi& Mi& lhS% xix&**2.24**

(2.24) -- i +xxxiix xix xi xixi +nx ii xi&* xiii Mi&*

Miii lh& <, l <iii* lii +S& + +i* +i& xix& Six&, x EhiEiSi
x{z&, +x <il&** xi Ex {xCi Snx, i& Ex Ex +ix& xiiGi SH
'x Vi i ' <inx* ij n +i E\SnSi, ii ii Eli x +iSi;
E\SSUni& {xH, E\Snli& <i* nvii +iix& {x& {x& |RM{t nxih in i
x{i Mx n& El x x hirMSi{z i +H ik xk i
<i** E\S -+Ci%Sxi%E%Si* in nix xxSi**2.25**

(2.25) -- Ehii x Vi <i +H& + +i* +i +Sxi& +* r <xpMS& ii

Sxii{ti* + ii +xxpMSii +Sxi&* +i +E&, l I nvi\Sxnx E x
il +i* xiSS +G&* x x E\Si GiE o]* +Gii +E& +
+i =Si* ii lH|Eh x +ix ni i x +xSi xi, i xxi <i**
+ix& +xii{M <nSi -+l Sx xiVi xi x i* il{ i x Si**2.26**

(2.26) -- +l S <i +{Ml&* x |Eiix xiVi E|nv |ixEi{k Vi Vi <i x

il |iikux xi x i i i <i; il{ il%{ +ix i , x Si,
Vxi x xi VxSiixi** il S i -Vi w iw Vx i S* in{%l x i Si**2.27**

(2.27) -- Vi vVxx& w& +S i& h w Vx i S* in{%

VxhIh%l&* iz{%l x i Si** EEhPiiEx{ ixq E x H&

Ei, i& -+Cinx ix Civx i* +Cixvxx ij E {nx**2.28**

(2.28) -- +Hnx +H +nx +x{v& +n& ix {jjnEEhPiiEx ix

+Hnx ix |Mi{k&, =i{zx S |Rhi Hvx* +Hxvxx {x& +H +nx xvx h
ix +Hxvxx* hnv{Hi |i{txi <il&* il SH -- '+nxn{ii& {xSnx
Mi&* x i x i i l E {nx' <i* ij E {nx E |{& +o]o]|x]xii
iil&** nY% |Ei +i; E iE{ vh xixk* El nY%i <ii + -+Si{i ESnx- Suni il Sx&* +SSSxx& hi i{x n x S ESi**2.29**

(2.29) -- +Si +S +o]{ +ni +Eqx ix i +Si +S x +ix

{i ESi* +Si x ni il S +x&* +SSS xx& hi* i o] =Ci{ xix n
x S ESi* +l %ix {i +Si&, ni S hi & +xE ESn i*
+i nv +i <i|&** +lnx |Ehl{xi -n xiv% n i* iih ix x i Si**2.30**

(2.30) -- n xi n l +v& xiziiSS ij +v% n

Miiiln li%{ |hVi n vx%{ + n x v& i, ii, nx
h ix =q x i Si** < {lik{I E x iiH* x E
{lik{I* E i -v{ SI x E{i* vr rU%xiIj x ti**2.31**

(2.31) -- v{ v& Ij r i{ +I i x E{i |Si x Ij Eri

+ini|&* iSS r {lVuh vl |VIhl Si vnx{i { v* ii vi
ri & +xi Ij x ti i** EiS ii r Eii, =Si -oSU S{{z Mu{i* Jx& Ij& {l xi ro**2.32**

(2.32) -- oSU S +|lii ={{z +Mi Mu +{i =r]i ii <o r xi Ij&

{l, E x Jx& i? B Eii|{i{ -+l Sk v O x E* ii& v Ei S i {{{**2.33**

(2.33) -- +l Si i < v vnx{i i O r x E Si, ii& inEhi v Ei S

nnMxk i E {{ +{** x E vEi{iM& -+Ei S{ ix Elxi i%* i SEihniSi**2.34**

(2.34) -- +Ei S{ r ix Elxi i i + nPE* vi <in& Mh& i

S +Ei& hi +iSi, i S +Ei& hil&** E\S -phn{i xi i l&* S i i i P**2.35**

(2.35) -- i Ehn& hi ri ={i xk xi Sxixi x E{i i l& nvx|i&*

S i nvxnx i & Mh& H& <i i& i& i {x& P P** E\S --

+SnS x nxi ii&* xxnxii l ii n&Ji x E**2.36**

(2.36) -- +Snx +HnS x +xE|Ex nxi i +i& j& xxnxi& Eixi& i

in l xiESnrxk* ii& ii xxn|{in&Ji n&Ji x E, ii& E]i n&J
xiil&** r {x& Gh Ehn& -i |{ M Vi I * ink` Exi r EixS&**2.37**

(2.37) -- i |{ M, i& x M |{* Vi Ehnx x I * =l{ i

i|&* i ii =k` Exi r EixS& 'V jx, ' <i xS
Eiil&** ij r v <i vx{n h -Jn&J Ei VV* ii r V x {{{**2.38**

(2.38) -- Jn&J i Ei, Mu{Eiiii* il VV S Ei ii r

V P]* x r Ex {{ +{* <i ={n& |RME&** E{xx EE x&
'v{ SI' <it& EH&, x i ii{h* {lnx |Ei* iSSH{i -- 'B i%i'
(Mi 2.39) <i jM|nx* < |ni {x& jM ={]i 'YxMx Jx
EMx Mx' <i x`u j J |ii, iS Mx J Oxi <ii + -B i%i J rM i h* nvCi {l Exv |**2.39**

(2.39) -- i i +i =H J {liE r& Yx Ii

EninxkEh* M i ii|{i{ x&RMi uxu|h{E <vxl EM
Ex`x vM S < +xxiSx r h* i S r ii |Sxl -- r M
H& {l, Exv E vvJ xv& Exv& i | <|nxkYx|{i <i|&** E\S
+xi -xGx%i |i x ti* {{ v ji i i**2.40**

(2.40) -- x < IM EM +Gx& +GhG& |& i x& xi l En&* M

| x +xExiEiil&* E\Sx{ SEii |i& ti i* E i {{ + v
Mv +x`i ji Ii i& i i VxhnIhi** J rH M S,
IhIh -iE rE Exxnx* J xxiS r%x**2.41**

(2.41) -- iE xS E r& <i{irJn vE, C|hVxiii , <

M Exxnx* & {x& <i {ir&, Jn|Si +xxi& +{& +x{i&
xi|ii ih i, |hVxiErxkSS ={ixxinr %{{i i r&
J& & J& i& J&, n <iii* |iJnx +xxiS r&* E?
+x |hVxiErixil&** iE rxi i - {{i S |nxi{Si&* nni& {l xxnii nx&**2.42**

(2.42) -- < Ih {{i {{i < I& x hh S CIh |nxi* E?

+{Si& +v& +Ex <il&* nni& lnvx|EE nC i& {l, x +xi
M{nvx& E& +i <i nx& nx&** i S --

Eix& M{ VxE|n* G MMi |i**2.43**

(2.43) -- Eix& E&, E{ <il&* M{& M& {& {l& i M{& M|vx&*
VxE|n Eh& E Vx E VxE ii |nnii VxE|n, i S* |nxi
<ixVi* G Gh & G& i S i M{{jtl& S
x |Exi* MMi |i MS S M, iMi& |{i& MMi&, i |i vxi&
G& in i S |nxi& f& {ixi <i|&** i S -M|Cix i{iSi* iE r& v x vi**2.44**

(2.44) -- M|Hx M& Ei& S <i M |hi iniix* i G

S +{iSi +SUniE|Yx iE J M r& v vi +x {{M
i v& +xi&Eh r& ix v, x vi x i <il&** Eri& i Eix
i in -jMh n xjMh Vx* xuxu xikl xMI +ix**2.45**

(2.45) -- jMh& jMh & |Ei& i n& jMh&* i i xjMh +Vx,

xE <il&* xuxu& Jn&Ji |i{I {nl uxunS, ii& xMi& xuxu * xikl& n
kMhi * il xMI& +x{k ={nx M&, ={k Ih I&, MI|vx |knE
<ii& xMI * +ix +|kS * i ={n& vxi`i&** nH E
xHxxxix x ix x{Ixi Si, El ix <ix`xi <iSi; h -xl =n{x i& {inE* ix n h Vxi&**2.46**

(2.46) -- l E E{ibMtxEx =n{x {SUznE x i{h& xx{xn& +l& |Vx

& +l& i&{inE%{ & +l& ix {ti, ij +xiiil&* ix ii{h {ti
n nH E & +l& iE & +l& h xx& {lik Vxi & +l& i Yx
i&{inElx ix ix {ti ijxiiil&* 'l Ei Viv& xix
ini i E\Si |V& v Exi iun i n' <i i&* 0' EJ' <i S Ii* ii
|E Yxx`vE|{i& EhvEix E{ibMtllx{ E Ei** i S -EhvEi EnSx* Ei i RM%iEh**2.47**

(2.47) -- Eh +vE& x Yxx` i i* ij S E Ei& +vE& +i, Eih i

EnSx E\Sn{lil&* n E ih i i in E|{i& i& &, Ei& &*
n Eih|H& Eh |ii in E Vxx ii* n E xi, E Eh
n&J{h? <i i i RM& +i +Eh +Eh |i i** n E|Hx x Ei E, El i
Eii; =Si -Ml& E Eh RM iCi vx\V* nvnv& i i M =Si**2.48**

(2.48) -- Ml& x E Eh El; ij{ '< ii' <i RM iCi vx\V*

ihxx Gh Eh krV Yx|{iIh r&, iu{V +r&, i& nvnv& +{
& i& i E Eh* E% M& jl& E <i =H? <n ii -- nvnv& i M&
=Si** i{x& irHvxl EH, iiEh& --

nh E rMrx\V* r hxSU E{h& i&**2.49**

(2.49) -- nh +i|Eh +ixi + +v xE] E lx Gh rMi irHi

Eh&, Vxhniii* vx\V, i ii& M r ii{{EV Jr h
+|{iEh +xSU |l, {lYxh il&* i& + E Eh& E{h& nx& i&
ih|H& xi&, ' inI MMniEi|i E{h&' <i i&** irH& x
vxi`x i |{xi iSUh -rCi Vi = EinEi* itM V M& E E**2.50**

(2.50) -- rH& Ei nv H& rH& & Vi {iVi < +x E = EinEi

{h{{ krYx|{iuh i&, ii irM V P]* M E E vJ
E ix nvnv& ir& <{iSii ii E E&* ir E i
xvxx{ Eh inv i xixi* iiirH i** i -EV rCi iCi xh&* VxxvxCi& {n MSUxix**2.51**

(2.51) -- EV iCi <i ix xv&* <]x]n|{i& EV E Vi rH&

irH& xi& i iCi {iV xh& Yxx i, VxxvxH& Vx xv&
Vxxv& ix xH& Vxi Vxxvi xH& xi&, {n { h& IJ MSUxi +x
{piil&* +l 'rMrx\V' <i {lnxIh i&{inElx
EMVkrVxi rni, IiEinEi|hniihi** Mx`xVxikrV r& En
|{i <iSi -n i E riii* in Mxi xn i i S**2.52**

(2.52) -- n xE i i E iEE{ E x +ixiEv EEi

|ixi&Eh |ii, ii i r& iii iGi, +ir{ii <il&* in ix E
Mxi |{ xn M i i S, in i i S i x |iii|&**
Eiuh viEV|Y& En EMV {lM{i Si, ii h -i|i{z i n li xS* vS rin M{**2.53**

(2.53) -- i|i{z +xEvvxxv|Exi& h& |kxkIh& |i{z xx|i{z

I{i i i i r& n x E li li i xS I{SxVi i v,
vi Skzi v& +i, ix +ix <iii* +S ij{ E{Vi <iii* r&
+xi&Eh* in ixE M +{ E|Y v |{** |xV |i +Vx =S
vv|Y Ihi -- +Vx =S -+Vx =S li|Y E vl E* liv& E |i Ei Vi E**2.54**

(2.54) -- li |i`i '+ { ' <i |Y & li|Y& i li|Y E E h Sx

El {i vl v li E* liv& li|Y& E |i* E +i Vi
E +x Vx i Elil&* li|Y Ihxx Ex {SUi** ni x Eh
YxMx` |k&, S EMx, i& '|Vi' <i + +v{{i& li|YIh vx
S{ni* j +vij EilIhx x ix vxx ={nxi, ixvii* x

ixvx vxx Ihx S xi ix MxS -- MxS - MxS |Vi n Ex x {l xMix* +ixix i]& li|YinSi**2.55**

(2.55) -- |Vi |Eh Vi {iVi n xE x ix Ex <SUnx {l, xMix

x |]x n |]x* E{iM i]Ehi vhxk S i =xk|k |k&
|{i, <ii =Si -- +ix |iMi{ +ix x x{I& i]& {lnxix
+xn|ix li|Y& li |i`i +ixiEV |Y & li|Y& ux in =Si*
iH{jkEh& x +i +iGb& li|Y <il&** E\S -n&JxuMxx& J Mi{&* iMGv& livxSi**2.56**

(2.56) -- n&J +viEn |{i x =uMx x |Ii n&J|{i x % +xuMxx&* il J

|{i Mi { ih , x +Mx <xvxtvx Jxx vi Mi{&* iMGv& MS
S GvS i Mi i iMGv&* liv& li|Y x& x in =Si** E\S -& jxxiki|{ * xxxni x u] i |Y |i`i**2.57**

(2.57) -- & x& j nVin{ +xx& +xVi& iki |{ iki + v

x +xxni x u] |{ x ii x i, + S |{ x u] <il&* i nVi
EV |Y |i`i i** E\S -n i S E%RMx &* <xphxpli |Y |i`i**2.58**

(2.58) -- n i M{i S + Yxx` |k i& E& +RMx < l E& i xRMx

={i & i&, Yxx`& <xph <xpl& & ={i* i |Y |i`i <iHl
C** ij xxi& +i{ <xph ERMx xi x i iu M& El i <i
=Si - xixi x nx&* V %{ { o] xii**2.59**

(2.59) -- t{ & {Iix nSx <xph x +xh E] i{

li J{ xixi nx ni& V M & i Vi* n M |r&, x
|k& E& Y&, <innxi* %{ \Vx{& I& + i& { {lik o] ={
'+ ii' <i ix xii xV Yx {ti <il&* x +i Mnx =SUn&* ii
MnxiE& |Y& l Eii|&** MnxIh|Yl SEi +n <xph
l{ix, knxl{x n -ii { Exi { {Si&* <xph |lx xi | x&**2.60**

(2.60) -- ii& |ix Ei& +{ i Exi { {Si& vx& +{ <i ix xv&*

<xph |lx |lxx J { Ixi +EExi, +EEi S xi | |
|E {i EYxH x&** i& ii -ix h Ci +i i{&* xph i |Y |i`i**2.61**

(2.61) -- ix h x Eh Ei H& i& x +i i{& + n& |iMi

{ & i{&, 'x +x% ii' <i +i <il&* x i& <xph ixi
+i i |Y |i`i** +lnx {i& xlnSi --

vi x{& RMi{Vi* RMi Vi E& EiGv%Vi**2.62**

(2.62) -- vi& Sxii& x nnx x +Si& {& { RM& +H& |i& i

={Vi =i{ti* RMi |i& Vi i{ti E& ih* Ei EiSi |iii Gv&
+Vi**
Gvni & ii&* in rx rxi|hi**2.63**

(2.63) -- Gvi i & +E& EE&* Gr f& x M{Gi* i i&

jS{niEVxi& i& i & ii{kxk|{i +xi{k&* ii& ii
rx& rx&* EEEMi +xi&Eh rx =Si* rxi |hi* in {&
nxi&Eh in EEEM* inMi x] { i* +i& ixi&Eh rxi
|hi {lM iil&** xl H vx* +l <nx IEhnSi -MuCii xxpSx* +ivi |nvMSUi**2.64**

(2.64) -- MuH& MS uS Mu, ii{& <xph |k& E, ij I& i &

i H& jn& <xp& x +Vxx Sx ={x& +i& +ix& x ix
<xph i& +i& vi <SUi& v& +i +xi&Eh & + |n +vMSUi* |n& |zi
l** |n i E i <iSi -|n n&Jx x{Vi* |zSi r& {i`i**2.65**

(2.65) -- |n n&Jx +viEnx x& x& + i& ={Vi* E\S -- |zSi&

lxi&Eh i + Q r& {i`i +E { xii +i`i, +i{h
xSiil&** B |zSi& +lir& EiEii i&, ii MuH& <xp& jr
+Vx H& Si <i Cl&** |zi ii -xi rCi x SCi x* x Si& xixi Ei& J**2.66**

(2.66) -- xi x ti x iil&, r& +i{ +H +ixi&Eh* x S +i

+H x +iYxx&* il -- x S +i +i& +iYxxEi& xi& ={&*
+xi Ei& J? <xph ihi& xk iiJ , x ih* n&J * x
ih i J Mxvj{{{ti <il&** +H Enrxi <iSi -<xph Si xx%xvi* in i |Y x**2.67**

(2.67) -- <xph i Si |ixx i x& +xvi +x|ii ii

<xpE{xx |k x& + i& i |Y +ixiEV xi* El? & x +
=nE VMi Mnri =xM l & x |ii, i |Y i x Ei** 'ii
' <i{xil +xEv ={{kCi i Sl{{t ={i -it xMix &* <xphxpli |Y |i`i**2.68**

(2.68) -- <xph |k n ={{ni i, ii i& , xMix & |E&

xnn& <xph <xpl& nn& i |Y |i`i** % EE nES &
=i{zEYx li|Y +tEii +txk xii, +tS tvi xk&, <iil
]Ex + --

 x ix i VMi * VOi ix x {i x&**2.69**

(2.69) -- x j& {nlxEE i&ii ix ix* E ii {lik

li|Y &* l xH\Sh + nx x i, iui xH\SlxxYx ix x
x {lik, +MSininrx* i {likIhYxxp& |r VMi x,
Vixp Mil&* OOEnIhtx |{ix ix VOi <i =Sxi, x
|{i < {xo&, x +t{ii {lik {i x&** +i& Eh +tl Stxi, x
tl* t i =ni i i& |h{MSUi +t* |E ti{k& +t
|hnv Mh GEEn{ i Eii |i{ti* x +|hnv Mh&
Eii{{k&, '|hix nx Sni Ei E' <i Eh Ei |ii, x '+tjn x '
<i* {x& 'x +tjn nVi' <i Yx i +iY Ex +vE x |k*
il S ni -- `inrinix&' <inx Yxx` i +vE** ij{ |iE|h
|kx{{k& <i Si, x; iiniYx* x +ix& ix |iE|h{Ii, +iin*
inxiiSS |hx |hi* x +i{vM i {x& |h|& i* |ii
+ix& xii +xi |h; xin S +|hi, {xE|h |v* E S ivM
|kiinxi |h* ii x +in& EhvE <i r** n& iHh li|Y i
I|{i&, x i +xx& EEx& <iil o]xix |i{nx + -+{hS|i` p{& |xi ui* iuiE |xi xi{xi x EE**2.70**

(2.70) -- +{h +n& +S|i` +Si |i` +li& i +S|i` p +{& i

Mi& |xi ilG xi ui, iui E& xv{ i& <SU& { -- p
+{& -- +Exi& |xi +ix |xi x i Exi, & xi I +{xi, x <i&
EE, Exi <i E& & ix Ei & EE, x |{xi <il&** n ii Ex& x{Si x&{&* x xE& ivMSUi**2.71**

(2.71) -- {iV Ex & x {x x +i& Eixx Si, VxjS]& {]iil&*

x&{& Vxj%{ xMi { & x&{& x, x& VxjI{i{O%{ n
<ixVi&, xE& tknxkixi& <iii* & i& li|Y& i xi
n&J{Ih xhJ +vMSUi |{xi i i <il&** Yxx` ii**
B li& {l xx |{ i* li%xiE%{ xhSUi**2.72**

(2.72) -- lH h < li& E x {h +lx <iii* {l, x x

li |{ v x i x |{xi* li + li lH +xiE%{ +xi {
xh xi I
SUi MSUi* E H Sn x VV h +i`i xhSUi <i**

1$ iii <i nMnMi{xi 1t Mj EhVxn 1JM x ui%v&**

<i i{{VES MxnMi{V{n SUEMi& Ei nMnMi ui%v&**