Bi 53 NG DNG CA THUYT LNG T TRONG NGUYN T HYR

NI DUNG BI MI I-MU NGUYN T BOHR II-GII THCH S TO THNH QUANG PH VCH CA HYR Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Hong Quc Lp L 4
I-Mu nguyn t Borh

II-Quang ph vch Hyr

Ti liu tham kho

I-MU NGUYN T BOHR

A)VI NT V CC MU NGUYN T TRC 1)Mu nguyn t Thomson. -L qu cu c mang in tch dng,cc electron chuyn ng trong qu cu .

MU NGUYN T THOMSON

Thomson

2) Mu nguyn t Rutherford
- khc phc nhng kh khn ca mu nguyn t Thomson, nm 1911 hc tr ca Thomson l Rutherford lm nhiu th nghim dng electron bn vo l vng mng, ng nhn xt nguyn t khng th c cu to l qu cu c t ng a ra mu nguyn t Rutherford. -Cn c tn gi l mu hnh tinh: bao gm cc electron mang in tch m chuyn ng xung quanh ht nhn mang in tch dng.

MU NGUYN T HNH TINH CHO NGUYN T HYR

RUTHERFORD

MU NGUYN T HNH TINH CHO 1 S NGUYN T HA HC KHC.

C hai mu nguyn t trn u gp kh khn trong vic gii thch tnh bn vng ca nguyn t v s to thnh quang ph vch ca nguyn t Hyr Nm 1913, Bohr vn dng tinh thn ca thuyt lng t xy dng mu nguyn t Bohr vi 2 tin chnh sau y:
Bohr

B)MU NGUYN T BOHR a)Tin 1:(V cc trng thi dng) nguyn t ch tn ti trong nhng trng thi c nng lung xc nh gi l trng thi dng.Trong cc trng thi dng nguyn t khng bc x.

Nh trong m hnh sau electron trong nguyn t hyr ang tn ti trng thi dng th nht.

B)MU NGUYN T BOHR

b)Tin v s hp th v bc x nguyn t:
Khi nguyn t chuyn t trng thi dng c nng lng E
n

Sang trng thi dng c nng lng nh hn

Em
th nguyn t pht ra 1 phtn c nng lng ng bng : n

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#)H qu:
Trong trng thi dng ca cc nguyn t, electron ch chuyn ng quanh ht nhn theo nhng qu o c bn knh hon ton xc nh ,gi l cc qu o dng.
-i vi nguyn t Hyr, bn knh qu o dng tng t l vi bnh phng cc s nguyn lin tip.

#)H qu:
-Qu o th nht c bn knh:
-Qu o th hai c bn knh: .. Trong : r0 5,3.1011 m

r0

4 r0

Gi l bn knh Bohr -Qu o c bn knh cng ln th ng vi nng lng ln v ngc li. -Tn qu o theo th t t 1 n 6 l: K, L, M, N, O, P V d:

Nng lng v qu o ca electron trong nguyn t Hyr trng thi c bn

Nng lng v qu o ca electron trong nguyn t Hyr trng thi tip theo

Xt nguyn t Hyr trng thi nh hnh v. Hin tng g xy ra khi electron chuyn xung trng thi c mc nng lng thp hn?

Tr li: Nguyn t Hyr s bc x mt phtn

Bi 53: NG DNG CA THUYT LNG T TRONG NGUYN T HYR

NI DUNG BI MI: I-MU NGUYN T BOHR II-GII THCH S TO THNH QUANG PH VCH CA HYR

I-Mu nguyn t Borh

II-Quang ph vch Hyr

Ti liu tham kho

II-GII THCH S TO THNH QUANG PH VCH CA HYR

-Thc nghim cho thy cc vch trong quang ph pht x ca Hydr sp xp thnh nhng dy xc nh, tch ri hn nhau. +)Vng t ngoi: Dy Lyman

+)Dy Balmer

mt phn nm trong vng t ngoi, mt phn thuc vng nh sng nhn thy.

+)Vng hng ngoi: Dy Paschen

Gii thch ?

Khi nhn c nng lng kch thch, cc electron chuyn ln qu o c mc nng lng cao hn. V d: electron ang qu o th nht nh hnh v nhn c nng lng

N s chuyn ln mc nng lng cao hn tng ng vi nng lng nhn c v tn ti trng thi kch thch

Thi gian sng trng thi kch thch rt ngn, sau cc electron chuyn xung trng thi c nng lng thp hn v pht ra phtn

Vy, khi electron chuyn t trang thi c mc nng lng cao xung trng thi c mc nng lung thp th n pht ra phtn c nng lng ng bng hiu mc nng lng ng vi hai qu o

h f En Em
-Mi

phtn c tn s f li ng vi mt sng nh sng n sc c bc sng xc nh bi: c f

KT LUN
Mi sng nh sng n sc li cho mt vch quang ph c mu nht nh. V vy quang ph l quang ph vch. -C s to thnh cc dy v: +) Dy Lyman: do s bc x phtn ca cc electron khi chuyn t qu o ngoi v qu o K. +) Dy Balmer: do s bc x phtn ca cc electron khi chuyn t qu o ngoi v qu o L. +) Dy Paschen: do s bc x phtn ca cc electron khi chuyn t qu o ngoi v qu o M.

S to thnh cc dy quang ph c th tm M tt qua s sau:

L

Lyman

Balmer

Paschen

S to thnh cc dy quang ph, s in ha v bc sng ca cc ph ca nguyn t Hyr

Nhng kt qu thc nghim o bc sng cc ph u cho thy s trng khp vi l thuyt Bohr.

Ti liu tham kho:

Mu nguyn t Bohr vn gp nhng kh khn nht nh trong vic gii thch quang ph ca cc nguyn t nhiu electron, sau ny l thuyt lng t pht trin cho ra i mu nguyn t c nhiu u im hn, mu ny c m hnh nh hnh v.

Xt phn t Hyr, theo m hnh lng t th n s c s lai ha gia cc Orbital nh m hnh

liu

tham

kho

Vi nhng thnh cng ca mu nguyn t Bohr, Bohr ng vo hng ng nhng nh khoa hc thin ti cng Albert Einstein

Sau khi Bohr mt (1963), chnh ph an Mch t chc nhiu hot ng tng nh v a hnh ng ln tem, iu m trc y ch dnh cho cc chnh tr gia v cc thnh vin hong tc m thi. Cng thc ng a ra l nn tng c bn cho vt l nguyn t pht trin mnh m sut th k 20.

h f En Em