Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
onAnionExchangeResins
DanMcAlisterandPhilHorwitz
EichromWorkshopOctober31,2012
AnionExchangers
H
C C
H2
CH3
CH2N+ CH3 ClCH3
Cl
R1 +
R2 N CH3
R3
R1
+ N
H
Cl
R2
R3
StrongBase
AnionExchange
Resin(1x8)
1.2meq/mL
TEVA
(QuaternaryAmine)
0.65meq/mL
WeakBase
(TertiaryAmine)
0.65meq/mL
AnionExchange
TcO4,ReO4,MoO42,WO42
Th(NO3)5,UO2Cl42,FeCl4
O
-
O
-
+HCl
Strelow,etal.,AnalyticalChemistry,
44(14),pp 23522356,1972.
O
% Species
80
O
O-
HO
60
O
-
pKa1 =1.2
O
O-
pKa2 =3.7
40
O
20
HO
OH
0
1
10
10
-1
10
-2
-3
10
10
+
[H ], M
-4
10
-5
10
-6
10
IncreasingHClConcentration
O
-
O
-
HO
Mn+
MCl
HO
MClx
Chloridecompetitionforextraction
O
OH
Example#1
Metal
Mg
Al
Ga
In
Ion
Charge
2+
3+
3+
3+
1
2.76
6.2
6.4
6
OxalatelogK
2
11.4
12.3
11.4
15.8
17.8
14.5
1
0.2
1.0
0.01
2.3
ChloridelogK
2
3.6
11.4
4.0
14.5
1x8
Weak Base
TEVA
Dw Mg < 1
Dw Mg < 1
10
In
Ga
Al
10
10
Dw
10
10
10
Dw Mg < 1
-1
10
-2
10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
10
10
10
0.05M
Oxalate
1.0M HCl
Al
Mg
10
mg/L
0.05M
Oxalate
0.5M HCl
0.05M
Oxalate
0.01M HCl
1.0 M
HNO3
Ga
In
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
10
15
20
Bed Volumes
25
30
35
10
0.05M
Oxalate
0.5M HCl
0.05M
Oxalate
0.01M HCl
10
0.05M
Oxalate
1.0M HCl
Al
1
mg/L
10
In
Ga
Mg
1.0 M
HNO3
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
10
15
20
Bed Volumes
25
30
35
Elution on 2mL Cartridge of Weak Base Resin (50-100 m), 21(1) C, 2mL/min
3
10
10
0.05M
Oxalate
1.0M HCl
Al
Mg
10
mg/L
0.05M
Oxalate
0.5M HCl
0.05M
Oxalate
0.01M HCl
1.0 M
HNO3
In
Ga
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
10
15
20
Bed Volumes
25
30
35
Example#2
1x8
Weak Base
TEVA
10
U(VI)
Nb(V)
Ni(II)
V(V)
10
10
Dw
10
10
10
Dw Mn(II) < 1
Dw Mn(II) < 1
Dw Ni and Mn < 1
-1
10
-2
10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
10
10
10
0.05M
0.05M
0.05M
Oxalate Oxalate Oxalate
0.2M HCl 1.0M HCl 4.0M HCl
0.05M
Oxalate
0.01M HCl
Ni(II)
Mn(II)
Nb(V)
V(V)
10
mg/L
1.0 M
HNO3
U(VI)
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
10
15
20
25
Bed Volumes
30
35
40
45
Elution on 2mL Cartridge of Weak Base Resin (50-100 m), 21(1) C, 2mL/min
3
10
10
0.05M
0.05M
0.05M
Oxalate Oxalate Oxalate
0.2M HCl 1.0M HCl 4.0M HCl
0.05M
Oxalate
0.01M HCl
1.0 M
HNO3
U(VI)
1
Nb(V)
V(V)
Mn(II)
10
mg/L
Ni(II)
0
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
10
15
20
25
Bed Volumes
30
35
40
45
10
10
0.05M
0.05M
0.05M
Oxalate Oxalate Oxalate
0.2M HCl 1.0M HCl 4.0M HCl
0.05M
Oxalate
0.01M HCl
U(VI)
V(V)
Mn(II)
1.0 M
HNO3
Nb(V)
10
mg/L
Ni(II)
0
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
10
15
20
25
Bed Volumes
30
35
40
45
Example#3
1x8
Weak Base
TEVA
10
10
10
Cu(II)
Ti(IV)
Mo(VI)
Dw
10
10
10
Dw Co(II) < 1
Dw Co(II) < 1
Dw Co(II) < 1
-1
10
-2
10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
10
10
0.05M
Oxalate
0.5M HCl
0.05M
Oxalate
0.01M HCl
10
0.05M
Oxalate
2.0M HCl
Ti(IV)
0.5M
NH4OH
1.0 M
NH4NO3
Cu(II)
Mo(VI)
10
mg/L
Co(II)
0
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
10
15
20
25
Bed Volumes
30
35
40
Elution on 2mL Cartridge of Weak Base Resin (50-100 m), 21(1) C, 2mL/min
3
10
0.05M
Oxalate
0.5M HCl
0.05M
Oxalate
0.01M HCl
10
Ti(IV)
Cu(II)
Co(II)
0.05M
Oxalate
2.0M HCl
1.0 M
NH4NO3
Mo(VI)
10
mg/L
0.5M
NH4OH
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
10
15
20
25
Bed Volumes
30
35
40
10
0.05M
Oxalate
0.5M HCl
0.05M
Oxalate
0.01M HCl
10
Ti(IV)
Cu(II)
Co(II)
0.05M
Oxalate
2.0M HCl
1.0 M
NH4NO3
Mo(VI)
10
mg/L
0.5M
NH4OH
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
10
15
20
25
Bed Volumes
30
35
40
1x8
Weak Base
TEVA
10
10
10
Dw Li, Na, K,
Rb, Cs < 1
Dw
10
Dw Li, Na, K,
Rb, Cs < 1
Dw Li, Na, K,
Rb, Cs < 1
10
10
-1
10
-2
10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
10
1x8
Weak Base
TEVA
10
10
Pd(II)
Pt(II)
Au(I)
Pb(II)
10
Dw
10
10
10
-1
10
-2
10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
10
1x8
Weak Base
TEVA
10
Zn(II)
Cu(II)
Be(II)
Cd(II)
10
10
Dw
10
10
10
-1
10
-2
10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
10
1x8
Weak Base
TEVA
10
10
10
Dw
10
10
Bi(III)
In(III)
Fe(III)
Ga(III)
Al(III)
10
-1
10
-2
10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
10
1x8
Weak Base
TEVA
10
10
10
Dw
10
10
Sn(IV)
Ti(IV)
Zr(IV)
Hf(IV)
10
-1
10
-2
10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
10
1x8
Weak Base
TEVA
10
10
10
Dw
10
10
Ta(V)
Nb(V)
V(V)
10
-1
10
-2
10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
10
1x8
Weak Base
TEVA
10
10
10
Dw
10
10
W(VI)
Mo(VI)
U(VI)
10
-1
10
-2
10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
-2
10 10
-1
10
10
HCl, M
10
k'onWeakBaseResin
Oxidation
Element
State
Sn
IV
W
VI
Pd
II
Group
14
6
10
0.01
4
>10
9800
4
>10
4
0.10
4
>10
9900
4
>10
0.20
4
>10
9600
4
>10
Mo
VI
>10
>10
>10
Bi
III
15
5000
5000
>10
Pt
Ta
Cd
In
Nb
II
V
II
III
V
10
5
12
13
5
>10
N/A
N/A
8100
1200
>10
3400
2100
9000
1500
U
Zn
Ti
Fe
Zr
Hf
Ga
Pb
V
Al
Cu
Ni
Th
VI
II
IV
III
IV
IV
III
II
V
III
II
II
IV
An
12
4
8
4
4
13
14
5
13
11
10
An
>10
N/A
9300
N/A
N/A
N/A
2000
N/A
9486
7983
263
85
ppt
>10
50
2000
4
>10
6900
1200
1800
4.0
1300
200
17
0.5
ppt
M,HCl(0.05MOxalicacid)
0.50
1.0
2.0
4
4
4
>10
>10
>10
9800
710
150
4
>10
9500
5000
>10
>10
>10
>10
5400
3000
8300
1000
>10
170
1400
4
>10
930
600
1100
4.4
400
340
8.0
<0.5
ppt
>10
>10
4500
4000
420
870
>10
9000
380
2600
260
570
140
15
14
3.7
0.5
<0.5
ppt
>10
<0.5
1800
Re
VII
7
N/A
>10
>10
>10
Cr
III
6
N/A
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
Au
I
11
2300
2800
2700
2300
k'Co,Mn,Be,Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba,Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs<0.5forallHClconcentrations
>10
>10
>10
4500
3700
41
91
3.0
4
>10
78
2500
>10
>10
>10
44
4900
51
5.8
>10
920
130
19
66
27
4.3
22
0.5
<0.5
0.6
<0.5
ppt
>10
<0.5
970
4.0
4
>10
130
1100
>10
>10
>10
45
4800
110
2.3
>10
33
4900
250
1.4
180
4
>10
12
200
1.0
1.2
92
25
0.5
<0.5
3.2
<0.5
3.2
8200
4
>10
1.8
4
>10
0.2
<0.5
970
18
0.4
<0.5
13
<0.5
<0.5
>10
4
>10
0.8
4
>10
0.4
<0.5
1200
10
0.7
<0.5
31
<0.5
<0.5
>10
<0.5
900
>10
<0.5
830
4
4
k'onTEVAResin
Oxidation
Element
State
Group
M,HCl(0.05MOxalicacid)
0.50
1.0
2.0
0.01
0.10
0.20
3.0
4
4.0
4
Sn
W
Pd
IV
VI
II
14
6
10
N/A
9800
9800
>10
9600
9200
>10
9200
9100
>10
4900
5000
>10
510
4800
>10
110
1300
>10
40
450
>10
45
180
Mo
VI
9600
9300
9200
9900
9600
5100
>10
>10
Bi
III
15
5100
4800
>10
>10
400
>10
>10
>10
Pt
Ta
Cd
In
Nb
II
V
II
III
V
10
5
12
13
5
N/A
N/A
N/A
8300
1000
>10
2100
650
250
1500
>10
2200
1200
180
1400
>10
3800
2000
38
310
>10
51
2900
16
29
>10
40
4800
25
6.1
>10
38
4100
47
4.1
>10
14
4300
78
2.3
U
Zn
Ti
Fe
Zr
Hf
Ga
Pb
V
Al
Cu
Th
VI
II
IV
III
IV
IV
III
II
V
III
II
IV
An
12
4
8
4
4
13
14
5
13
11
An
2100
N/A
2300
N/A
N/A
N/A
4200
N/A
3000
2700
18
ppt
2100
48
1400
6500
3800
6000
3000
0.7
310
110
2.2
ppt
1300
100
870
8800
2300
670
180
6.0
55
16
0.7
ppt
130
320
300
45
53
19
9.7
14
4.7
0.7
<0.5
ppt
23
450
90
4.3
2.2
1.4
0.4
18
0.4
<0.5
<0.5
ppt
70
7700
6.7
130
0.4
1.0
55
19
0.4
<0.5
<0.5
40
350
9300
1.5
1100
0.2
<0.5
1500
12
0.6
<0.5
<0.5
36
>10
4600
0.4
1100
0.1
<0.5
3200
7.3
1.3
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
>10
<0.5
4600
>10
<0.5
3400
>10
<0.5
2300
>10
<0.5
2300
Re
VII
7
N/A
>10
>10
>10
Cr
III
6
N/A
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
Au
I
11
1400
3900
4500
4600
k'Co,Mn,Be,Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba,Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs<0.5forallHClconcentrations