BiologyNotes- ALeve l

Modifyingthe Heart Rate (50to 200beatsmin-l1

The heatt rate
The heartmust respondto the bady's ever changingrequirements.
by t'rvodifierentconlralsystems:
can be altered/regulated

(a) Autonomic nervous system

A nero'efrr:mthe $'',,nlpathetic syrt*tn :rl]epllsup the heartrate anr-1

nrsrvrlus the
\ragus rreve fr'rnr lhe parasl,rnpathetirnetvnus sr/stenrsl,lws il dnwn. The
nerves flre connected to the Sinr:-atrialNr:de. Thev are said to wcrrh
AHTAGTINISTICALLY.

(b) Chemical

Duringstrenuous exerciseincreasedlevelsof COt in the blood causea

loweringof the blood'spH.This causesthe heartrateto increase.rernoving
CO,moreefficientlyfrnmthehloodatthelungs.

producedby adrenalglandsalso cailsesan increasein the heartrate

A.drenalin
preparingthe bodyrfor 'fightor flight'.

CardiacOutput
sver a gi'."enperiadof time is calleclthe
The amnuntol blnnd flr:wingfronrthe hr=art
CARDIACOUTPUT

nervous
Liytheautonntnic
The cardincoutputis regulated system.

Q. What will happen ts the cardiac output during periods sl physical

exercise?

A. lt will increase to supply more o4ygenated red blood cells to the

respiring cells. lo provide more glucose and to remove trastes, such
as COt.

Cardiac output= strokevolume heart rate

+I
volurneof blnr:d
+
heatsperunit
pumpeclat each oJtimeiuruallirprerminuleJ
berl

Worked example: lfthestrnkevolumeis Ei[cm3andthehenttrateis 70beatsliernrir'rute

is thecardiacr:utnut?
\rVhat
rrr,jtnin-1 nr5.6lilre:-
= ll0:rlll= SEUU
Solution:rlardiacr-rutlrut tnin-1

Gompiledby KMR- SeniorBiologyTeacherESS