HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG KHOA K THUT IN T II

BO CO N
Tn ti :

THIT K MCH O NHIT A IM

Sinh vin thc hin : Phm Lnh Nguyn Cao Tr Lp : GVHD : 409190015 409190030 D09DTA1 ThS. Phm Th Duy

Tp. H Ch Minh, Ngy thng

nm 2013

TN N :

THIT K MCH O NHIT A IM

PHN I : L DO CHN TI PHN II : TM HIU L THUYT CHNG I : GIAO TIP MY TNH 1. Tng quan v giao tip my tnh 2. Giao tip qua cc cng ni tip 2.1 Cu trc cng ni tip 2.2 Cc chun giao tip ni tip 2.3 Cc c tnh k thut chun RS-232 2.4 nh dng d liu 2.5 Truyn thng ni tip ca 89C51 2.6 Ni ghp 89C51 vi RS232 CHNG 2 : TM HIU VI IU KHIN 1. 2. Tng quan v vi iu khin Tm hiu vi iu khin 89C51

PHN III : THIT K PHN CNG CHNG I : THIT K V PHN TCH MCH 1. 2. Thit k s mch khi v nhim v ca mch khi Thit k : 2.1 2.2 B cm bin B chuyn i ADC

2.3

B giao tip my tnh

CHNG II : THI CNG MCH 1. S nguyn l 2. S mch in 3. S b tr linh kin PHN IV : THIT K PHN MM 1. Giao din VB 2. Lu gii thut V 3. Lu gii thut VB PHN V : KT QU THI CNG 1. Hnh nh phn cng 2. Giao din chng trnh Visual Basic 3. Code chng trnh 4. Hn ch v hng pht trin

PHN I L DO CHN TI

i vi cc tri ch n nu i gia s c gia cm.Vo m a h th i tit n ng n n d g ra cc nh v h hp v d la lan ung quanh n n d n n gim n ng sut thu nhp.V vn n nh m em tm hiu v ch n ti mch o nhit a im.Nh m em mong mun vi ti n c th o c nhit ch nh c hn vi mt c n ph ng rng v qua c th m hng gii qu t hi nhit qu cao hoc hi qu thp.iu n nh m n nh nhit trong ch n nu i trang tri v nh m gim ti a h n ng nh do th i tit n ng lnh g ra

PHN II TM HIU L THUYT

CHNG I: GIAO TIP MY TNH

1.1. Tng quan v giao tip my tnh c th tin hnh iu khin hoc gim st cc qu trnh thc hin b ng m t nh, trc ht phi c mi lin h cn thit gia my tnh v th gii bn ngoi. Cng giao lu vi th gii n ngoi c m rng b ng giao din.i vi my tnh PC tun theo chun cng nghip c th thc hin cc kh n ng ghp ni sau:

S dng card m rng c cm vo m t nh ( phng php n t c tc truy nhp ln nht nhng chi ph cao) Cc giao din c tiu chun h a ng vai tr ghp ni my tnh vi cc mch in bn ngoi.Cch ghp ni qua cng ni tip th ng c la ch n v chi ph thp. Ghp ni vi mt b vi x l ri ng thc hin nhng bi ton khc m khng cn trao i d liu vi my tnh. Cc giao din c tr n m t nh PC nh giao din ni tip,giao din song song v c cng tr chi (game port) cho php s dng trc tip lm giao din.

1.2.

Giao tip qua cng ni tip

1.2.1. Cu trc cng ni tip ( cng COM) Cng ni tip c cc u im sau: Khong cch truyn a hn cng song song. S dy kt ni t. C th truyn khng dy dng hng ngoi. C th ghp ni vi vi iu khin hay PLC. Cho php ni mng. C th tho lp thit b trong l c m t nh ang lm vic. C th cung cp ngun cho cc mch in n gin. Cng COM c hai loi: loi 9 chn v loi 25 chn. S chn:

1.2.2. Cc chun giao tip ni tip Th ng s dng nhiu nht l chun RS-232 v RS-485. n ny ch s dng chun RS-232. Chun RS-232: Tn hiu truyn theo chun RS-232 ca EIA (Electronics Industry Associations). Chun RS-232 qui nh mc logic 1 ng vi in p t -3V n -25V, mc logic 0 ng vi in p t 3V n 25V v c kh n ng cung cp

dng t 10mA n 20mA. Ngoi ra, tt c cc ng ra u c c tnh chng chp mch. Chun RS-232 cho php truyn tn hiu vi tc n 20.000 ps nhng nu cp truyn ngn c th l n n 115.200 bps. Chun RS-232 ch c th kt ni nhiu nht hai thit b, vi khong cch di nht (12,7 m n 25,4 m). Chun RS-485: c th kt ni ti a l 32 thit b, khong cch di hn ti a l (1016m n hn 1 m) gp 40 ln RS-232. Tc cao 10Mbs/s. 1.2.3. Cc c tnh k thut ca chun RS-232:

Cc tc truyn d liu thng dng trong cng ni tip l: 1200bps, 4800bps, 9600bps, 19200 bps. 1.2.4. nh dng d liu: Sau y gii thiu v cch nh dng dng trong truyn thng ni tip. - nh dng ng b: Trong truyn ng b, m i thit b dng mt xung ng h c pht ra bi mt thit b hoc t mt ngun ung ngoi. Xung ng h c th c mt tn s c nh hoc c th cht ti nhng khong th i gian khng u. M i bt truyn i c ng b vi ng h.

- nh dng h ng ng b: Trong truyn h ng ng b, lin kt khng bao gm ng ung ng h, bi v mi im u cui ca lin kt c ung ng h cho ring tng ci. Mi im s cn phi ng cng mt tn s ca ng h v m i ng h ch khc nhau mt vi %. Mi byte truyn i ao gm bt Start ng b ng h v mt hoc nhiu bt Stop cho tn hiu kt thc vic truyn trong mi mt t c truyn i. Cng RS-232 trong PC d ng nh dng khng ng b giao tip vi modems (thit b m ho, gii m d liu) v cc thit b khc. D RS-232 c th truyn d liu ng b nhng li n t h ng ng b v n c dng ph bin 485 hn. 1.2.5. Truyn thng ni tip ca 89C51: Truyn thng ni tip s dng hai phng php ng b v d b. Phng php ng b truyn mt khi d liu ( cc k t) ti cng th i im trong hi truyn d b ch truyn tng byte mt. C th vit phn mm s dng mt trong hai phng php n . Truyn d liu bn cng v song cng: D liu truyn c th va pht v va thu g i l truyn song cng. Truyn song cng c th c hai loi l bn song cng v song cng hon ton ph thuc vo truyn d liu c th x ra ng th i khng? Nu d liu c truyn theo mt ng ti mt th i im th c g i l truyn bn song cng. Nu d liu c th i hai ng cng mt lc th g i l song cng ton phn. Tt nhin, truyn song c ng i hi hai ng d liu, mt pht v mt thu d liu cng mt lc

Truyn thng ni tip d b v ng khung d liu: Truyn thng d liu ni tip d b c s dng rng ri cho cc php truyn hng k t, cn cc b truyn d liu theo khi th s dng phng php ng b. Trong phng php d b, mi k t u c b tr gia cc bit bt u (start) v bit dng (stop). Cng vic ny g i l ng g i d liu. Trong ng g i d liu i vi truyn thng d b th d liu l cc k t m ASCII u c ng g i gia mt bit bt u v mt bit dng. Bit bt u lun lun ch l mt bit, cn bit dng c th l mt hoc hai bit. Bit bt u lun l bit thp (0) v cc bit dng lun l cc bit cao (1). Trong mt s h thng nh m duy tr tnh ton vn ca d liu th ng i ta cn thm mt bit l (parit it). iu n c ngha l i vi mi k t ta c thm mt bit ngoi cc bit start v stop.

1.2.6. Ni ghp 89C51 vi RS232: Ni dung chnh ca phn ny l ni v ni ghp 89C51 vi cc u ni RS232 thng qua chip MAX232. Cc chn RxD v TxD trong 89C51. 89C51 c hai ch n c dng chuyn cho truyn v nhn d liu ni tp. Hai chn n c g i l TxD v RxD v l mt phn ca cng P3 ( P3.0 v P3.1). Chn 11 ca 89C51 l P3.1 c gn cho T D v ch n 10 (P3.0) c dng cho RxD. Cc ch n n tng th ch vi mc logic TTL. Do v ch ng i hi mt b iu khin ng truyn ch ng tng th ch vi RS232. Mt b iu khin nh vy l chip MAX232. B iu khin ng truyn MAX232:
Vc c 16

+ + C 1 C 11 2 2 12 2 1 0 9 TTL side

2 6 T1OUT R1 I IN T2OUT R2 I IN

T1I IN R1OUT T2 I IN R2OUT

C 3 C + 4 1 4 1+ 3 7 8

8051 1

1 P3.1 1 1 TxD 0 P3.0 RxD

2 3

Max232

5 2 5 4 2 DB 9

1 5

RS232 side

Hnh 1.3.6

a) S bn trong ca MAX232 ) S ni ghp ca MAX232 vi 89C51

MAX232 chuyn i t cc mc in p RS232 s v mc in p TTL v ng c li. Mt im mnh ca chip MAX232 l n d ng in p ngng +5V cng vi in p ngun ca 89C51.

1.2.7. S dng Visual Basic trong iu khin S dng MSComm MSComm l yu cu iu khin cho thng tin trn cng ni tip Tnh cht MSComm:c mt s tnh cht lin kt.Tnh cht lin h ti cu hnh ca port,truyn d liu,s dng tn hiu bt tay,v nhn ra iu khin Cu trc: CommID: tra li vic iu khin khi nhn ra thit b Commport: t v tr li v tr ca port In uffersize: t v tr li ch thc ca b m.(b ng byte)

Inputlen: t v tr li nhng con s hoc nhng k t ng vo s c Inputmode:t v tr li kiu d liu.(dng ch hay nh phn)tr li b ng ng vo ha c ng ng ra Nulldiscard: c nh k t c rng ha port ti b m nhn hoc c b qua Out uffersize:t v tr li h ng.(Chr.(0).) c truyn t

ch thc ca b m truyn (khong 512 byte)

Parityreplace:kim tra c chn l Portopen: t v tr li trng thi ca port.(gi tr boolean) Rthreshold:t v tr li mt s hoc k t ti b nhn trc khi so snh ti comEvReceive Settings:t v tr li t truyn,c chn l v d liu v bit stop

Sthreshold:t v tr li s hoc k t nh nht trong b m truyn trc khi so snh vi comevsend Phn truyn d liu: Commevent:tr li hu ht cc s kin hoc li gn Inbuffercount:tr li mt s hay k t trong b m truyn Input:tr li v xo d liu t b m truyn Outbuffercount:tr li mt s hoc mt k t trong b m truyn Output:ghi d liu ra b m truyn Phn iu khin c s bt tay Brea :t hoc o i t n hiu b hng Cdholding:tr li trng thi ca CD CTSHoding:tr li trng thi ca CTS DSRHolding:tr li trng thi ca DSR DTREna le:t hoc xo DTR Handsha ing:t v tr li chun bt tay RTSEna le:t v xo RTS

CHNG II: VI IU KHIN 2.1. Tng quan v vi iu khin B vi iu khin vit tt l micro-controller, l mch tch h p trn 1 chip c th lp trnh c, d ng iu khin hot ng ca mt h thng Trong cc thit b in v in t dn dng , cc b vi iu khin iu khin hot ng ca tivi, my git, l vi aTrong h thng sn xut t ng, b vi iu khin c s dng trong Robot, dy chuyn t ng. Cc h thng cng th ng minh th vai tr ca h thng vi iu khin cng quan tr ng. 2.2. Vi iu khin 89C51

2.2.1. Gii thiu h MCS51: MCS51 l mt h IC vi iu khin (Microcontroller ) do hng Intel sn xut. Cc IC tiu biu cho h MCS51 l 8051 v 8031. c bit, vi iu khin 89C51 c sn xut gn mang cc c im sau:

- 4 Kbytes ROM. - 28 bytes RAM. - ports I/O (Input/Output). - 2 b nh th i (timer) 16 bits. - Giao tip ni tip. - 64 Kbytes khng gian b nh chng trnh m rng. - 64 Kbytes khng gian b nh d liu m rng. - Mt b x l lun l (thao tc tr n cc it n). - 210 its c a ch ha. - B nhn chia 4 s.

2.2.2. Cu trc phn cng ca vi iu khin 89C51 2.2.2.1. S khi ca mt vi x l

2.2.2.2. S lc v cc chn ca 8951: C 8951 c tt c 40 chn c chc n ng nh cc ng xut nhp. Trong c 24 chn c cng dng kp, mi ng c th hot ng nh ng xut nhp hoc nh ng iu khin hoc l thnh phn ca bus d liu v us a ch.

H thng giao tip port:

2.2.3. S lc v tp lnh89C51 : Tp lnh 8951 c 255 lnh gm 139 lnh 1 byte, 92 lnh 2 byte v 24 lnh 3 byte. 2.2.3.1 Cc ch a ch: a ch thanh ghi , a ch trc tip , a ch gin tip , a ch tc th i , a ch tng i , a ch tuyt i , a ch di 2.2.3.2. Cc nhm lnh ca 89C51: 8051 chia ra 5 nhm chnh: Cc lnh s h c: Lnh logic Dch chuyn d liu X l bit R nhnh chng trnh 2.2.4. Hot ng nh thi 8051 c hai b nh th i 16 bit, mi b c 4 ch hot ng ; c d ng : nh th i trong mt khong th i gian. m s kin. To tc baud cho port ni tip ca chip 8051.

Cc b nh th i ca 8051 c truy xut b ng cch s dng 6 thanh ghi chc n ng c bit. SFR ca nh th i TCON TMOD TL0 TL1 TH0 TH1 T2CON RCAP2L iu hin Ch n ch B te thp ca nh th i 0 B te cao ca nh th i 1 B te thp ca nh th i 0 B te cao ca nh th i 1 iu hin nh th i 2 Nhn th i 2 RCAP2H Nhn 2 TL2 TH2 B te thp ca nh th i 2 B te cao ca nh th i 2 CCH CDH Khng Khng te cao ca nht h i CBH Khng te thp ca nh 88H 89H 8AH 8BH 8CH 8DH C8H CAH C Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng C Khng Mc ch a ch nh a ch it

Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit ca b nh th i i Cc ch nh th

a)Ch timer 13-bit (ch 0) b) Ch timer 16-bit (ch 1) c) Ch timer 8 bit t np li tr u (ch 2) d) Ch nh th i chia s (ch 3)

2.2.5. hot ng ca port ni tip 8051. Phn cng truy xut ti Port ni tip qua cc chn TxD (P3.1) v RxD (P3.0).

Hai thanh ghi chc n ng c bit cung cp cho phn mm truy xut n Port ni tip l SBUF v SCON. S m Port ni tip (SBUF) a ch 99H l 2 s m tht s: Ghi ln SBUF (np d liu pht) v c SBUF (truy xut d liu nhn). l hai thanh ghi ri ng it v r rt, v thanh ghi pht ch ghi cn thanh ghi thu ch c SM0 SM1 MODE M T 0 0 0 Thanh ghi dch 0 1 1 UART 8 bit Tha i (thit lp i nh th i) 1 0 2 UART 9 bit C nh (tn s dao ng /12 hoc /64) 1 1 3 UART 9 bit Tha i (thit lp i nh th i)
Cc ch hot ng ca port ni tip

TC BAUD C nh (tn s dao ng/12)

Trc khi dng Port ni tip, SCON phi c nh ng ch . VD: khi to Port ni tip ch 1 (SM0/SM1 = 0/1), cho php thu (REN = 1), v set c ngt ca vic pht sn sng hot ng (TI = 1), ta dng lnh sau : MOV SCON, #01010010H.

Port ni tip ca 8051 c 4 mode hot ng ty thuc theo trng thi ca SM0/SM1. Ba trong 4 mode cho php truyn ng b vi mi k t thu hoc pht s c b tr bi bit Start hoc bit Stop. Tc Baud ca Port ni tip: Tc Baud ca Port ni tip c nh mode 0 v mode 2. Trong mode 0 n lun lun l tn s dao ng tr n Chip chia cho 12. Th ng th ng thch anh 12 MHz li dao ng trn Chip 8051 nn tc Baud ca mode 0 l 1MHz. B ng s mc nh sau khi reset h thng, tc Baud mode 2 l tn s dao ng chia cho 64, tc Baud cng b nh hng bi bit SMOD ca thanh ghi PCON. Vic set bit SMOD s t ng gp i tc Baud trong cc mode 1,2 v 3. Trong mode 2, tc Baud c th c t ng gp i t gi tr mc nh 1/64 tn s dao ng trn Chip (ng vi SMOD = 0 ) l n n 1/32 tn s dao ng trn Chip ( ng vi SMOD = 1) V thanh ghi PCON h ng c nh a ch it, n n set bit SMOD m h ng tha i cc bit khc ca thanh ghi PCON th i hi phi c 1 hot ng c b sung ghi Cc lnh sau s set bit SMOD:

MOV A, PCON ;Nhp vo A gi tr hin hnh ca PCON SETB ACC, 7 ;Set bit 7 ca ACC (bit SMOD)

MOV PCON, A ;Ghi gi tr tr v PCON m SMOD c set.

Cc tc Baud trong mode 1 v mode 3 ca 8051 c c nh bi tc trn ca timer 1. Bi v timer hot ng tn s cao lin tc n n trn a hn na c chia cho 32 (chia cho 16 nu SMOD =1) trc khi cung cp xung clock tc Baud n Port ni tip. Tc Baud mode 1 v 3 ca 8051 c c nh bi tc trn ca timer 1 hoc timer 2, hoc c hai. 2.2.6. Hot ng ngt ca 8051. Ngt l mt s c c iu kin m n gy ra s ngng li tm th i ca chng trnh phc v mt chng trnh hc. Cc ngt ng vai tr quan tr ng trong vic thit k v hin thc cc ng dng ca b vi iu khin , n c th tm th i treo vic thc thi ca chng trnh ch nh thc thi chng trnh hc v sau qua li chng trnh ch nh. Khi chng trnh ch nh ang thc thi m c mt s ngt x n th chng trnh ch nh ngng thc thi v r nhnh n th tc phc v ngt ISP (Interrupt Service Routine). ISR thc thi thc hin hot ng v kt thc vi lnh RETI: chng trnh tip tc ni m n dng li