Fourier Trans 2

TRANSFORMADAS DE FOURIER
f x ( ) = a
j

i
2t
ba
jx
e
j =
a
j
=
1
L

i
2t
L
jx
e
f (x)dx
a
b
}
=
1
L

i
2t
L
jx
e
f (x)dx
L
2
L
2
}
k =
2t
L
j
; a
j
=
2t
L

f
2t
L
j
|
\

|
.
|

f
2t
L
j
|
\

|
.
| =
L
2t
a
j

f k ( )=
L
2t
a
Lk
2t
f x ( ) = a
j

i
2t
ba
jx
e
j =
=
1
2t

f
2t
L
j
|
\

|
.
|
i
2t
L
jx
e
j =
2t
L
K AK
L
f x ( ) =
1
2t

f (k)
ikx
e
dk
}

f k ( ) =
1
2t
f (x)
ikx
e
dx
}
f x ( ) =
1
2t
1
2t
f (x' )
ikx'
e
dx'
}

(

(
(
ikx
e
dk
}

f k ( ) =
1
2t
f (x)
ikx
e
dx
}
f x ( ) =
1
2t

f (k)
ikx
e
dk
}
f x ( ) = dx' f (x' )
1
2t
ik(x x' )
dk e
}

(

(
(
}
o(x-x)
=

=o(x-x)
Ortogonalidad de las funciones
ikx
e
2t

`

)

:

ikx
e
2t
,
ik' x
e
2t
|
\

|
.
|
|
=
ikx
e
2t
ik' x
e
2t
}
dx
=
1
2t
i( k' k ) x
e
}
dx
=o(k' k) =o(k k' )
k e
x t
=o(k' k) =o(k k' )
iet
e
2t
,
ie' t
e
2t
|
\

|
.
|
|
=o(e' e) =o(e e' )
Ejemplos:
1. Onda plana: f x ( ) =
ik
0
x
e
f t ( )=
ie
0
t
e

f e ( ) =
1
2t
f (t)
ie t
e
}
dt

f (e) =
1
2t
ie
0
t
e
ie t
e
}
dt =
1
2t
i(e
0
e) t
e
}
dt

f (e) = 2t o(e e
0
)

f (e) = 2t o(e e
0
)
2. Funcin pulso: f t ( )=
0 , t < 0
1 , 0 s t s T
0 , T < t

f e ( )=
1
2t
f (t)
iet
e
dt
}

f e ( )=
1
2t
i
e
ieT
e
1
( )
Re

f e ( )
| |
=
1
2t
sen(eT)
e
=
1
2t
iet
e
dt
0
T
}
T
T
f t ( )=
0 , t <
T
2

1 ,
T
2
s t s
T
2
0 ,
T
2
< t

f e ( ) =
1
2t
f (t)
iet
e
dt
}

f (e) =
1
2t
iet
e
dt
T
2
T
2
}
=
1
2t
i
e
ie
T
2
e

ie
T
2
e
|
\

|
.
|

f (e) =
2
2t
sen(e
T
2
)
e
=
T
2t
sen(e
T
2
)
e
T
2
f t ( )=
0 , t <
T
2

1 ,
T
2
s t s
T
2
0 ,
T
2
< t

T
2
T
2
T
2t
2t
T
2t
T

f (e) =
T
2t
sen(e
T
2
)
e
T
2
f t ( )=
0 , t <
T
2

1 ,
T
2
s t s
T
2
0 ,
T
2
< t

f (e) =
T
2t
sen(e
T
2
)
e
T
2
f t ( )= 1
T

f e ( ) =
1
2t
iet
e
dt
}
= 2t o(e)
T
3. Funcin coseno:
f t ( )= cos(e
0
t)

f e ( ) =
1
2t
f (t)
iet
e
dt
}

f e ( )=
1
2t
cos(e
0
t)
iet
e
dt
}
=
1
2t
iet
ie
0
t
e
+
ie
0
t
e
2
( )
e
dt
}

f (e) =
1
2 2t
i(ee
0
)t
e
+
i(e+e
0
)t
e
( )
}
dt

f (e) =
2t
2 2t
o(e e
0
) +o(e + e
0
)
| |

f (e) =
t
2
o(e e
0
) + o(e +e
0
)
| |
Transformadas de Fourier de funciones pares, f(t) = f(-t):

f e ( )=
1
2t
f (t)
iet
e
dt
}
=
1
2t
f (t)
iet
e
dt + f (t)
iet
e
dt
0
0
}

(

(
(

f (e) =
1
2t
f (t)
iet
e
dt + f (t)
iet
e
dt
0
}
0
}

(

(
(
=
1
2t
f (t)
iet
e
+
iet
e
( )
dt
0
}

f e ( )=
2
t
f (t )cos(et)dt
0
}

f (e) =
1
2t
f (t)
iet
e
dt + f (t)
iet
e
dt
0
}
0
}

(

(
(
Transformadas de Fourier de funciones impares, f(t) = -f(-t):

f e ( )=
1
2t
f (t)
iet
e
dt
}
=
1
2t
f (t)
iet
e
dt + f (t)
iet
e
dt
0
0
}

(

(
(
=
1
2t
f (t)
iet
e
+
iet
e
( )
dt
0
}

f e ( ) = i
2
t
f (t )sen(et)dt
0
}
Propiedades de las transformadas de Fourier:
1. Linealidad:
f (t)
F.T.

f e ( )
g(t)
F.T.

g e ( )

`

)

f (t) + g(t)
F.T.

f e ( )+

g e ( )
f (t)
F.T.

f e ( )(a + ib) f (t)
F.T.
(a+ ib)

f e ( )
2. :
f (t) = f
*
(t)

f e ( )=

f
*
e ( )
Re

f (e)
| |
= Re

f (e)
| |
Im

f (e)
| |
= Im

f (e)
| |

3. :

f 0 ( ) =
1
2t
f (t)dt
}
f 0 ( ) =
1
2t

f (e)de
}
4. Identidad de Parseval :
f
*
(t)g(t)dt
}
=

f
*
(e)

g (e)de
}
1
2t

f
*
(e)
iet
e
de
}
|
\

|
.
|
|
}
1
2t

g (e' )
ie' t
e
de
}
'
|
\

|
.
|
|
dt =
= de

f
*
(e) de'

g (e' )
}
1
2t
i (e e' t )
dt e
}
|
\

|
.
|
|
}
o(e' e)
f (t) = g(t) f (t)
2
dt
}
=

f (e)
2
de
}
Teorema de Rayleigh
5. :
f (t)
F.T.

f e ( ) f (t + a)
F.T.

iea
e

f e ( )

g e ( ) =
1
2t
g(t)
iet
e
dt
}
=
1
2t
f (t + a)
iet
e
dt
}

g e ( ) =
1
2t
f (u)
ie(ua )
e
du
}
=
iea
e
2t
f (u)
ieu
e
du
}

g e ( ) =
iea
e

f (e)
f (t +a) = g(t)
Teorema de convolucin:
Se define la integral de convolucin de dos funciones f(t) y g(t)
del siguiente modo:
f - g ( )(t) =
1
2t
f (u)
}
g(t u)du
2t f -g ( )(t) = du
1
2t

f (e)
ieu
e
de
}

(

(
(
}
1
2t

g (e' )
ie' (t u)
e
de'
}

(

(
(
= de

f (e)
ie' t
de' g (e' ) e

}
1
2t
i (ee' )u
e
du
}
|
\

|
.
|
|

(

(
(
}
o(ee)
2t f - g ( )(t) = de

f (e)

g (e)
}

iet
e
f - g ( )(t) =
1
2t

f (e)

g (e)
}

iet
e
de

f -

g
( )
(e) =
1
2t

f (e' )
}

g (e e' )de'
2t

f -

g
( )
(e) = de'
1
2t
f (t)
ie' t
e
dt
}

(

(
(
}
1
2t
g(u)
i (ee' )u
e
du
}

(

(
(
= dt f (t)
ieu
du g(u) e

}
1
2t
ie' (t u)
e
de'
}
|
\

|
.
|
|

(

(
(
}
o(t-u)
2t

f -

g
( )
(e) = dt f (t) g(t)
}

iet
e

f -

g
( )
(e) =
1
2t
f (t)g(t)
}

iet
e
dt

f -

g
( )
(e) =
1
2t
f (t)g(t)
}

iet
e
dt

f -

g = fg
f (t) =
0 , t >
T
2
cos(e
0
t) , t <
T
2

Ejemplo de aplicacin del teorema de convolucin:
Calcular la transformada de Fourier de la siguiente funcin:

f e ( ) =
1
2t
f (t)
iet
e
dt
}

f e ( )=
1
2t
cos(e
0
t)
iet
e
dt
T
2
T
2
}
=
1
2t
iet
ie
0
t
e
+
ie
0
t
e
2
( )
e
dt
T
2
T
2
}

f (e) =
1
2 2t
i (ee
0
)t
e
+
i(e+e
0
)t
e
( )
T
2
T
2
}
dt

f (e) =
1
2 2t
i (e e
0
)t
ie
e e
0
+
i (e+e
0
)t
ie
e +e
0

(

(
(
T
2
T
2

f (e) =
1
2 2t
i(2i)
e e
0
sen (e e
0
)
T
2

(

(
+
i(2i)
e +e
0
sen (e +e
0
)
T
2

(

(

`

)

f (e) =
1
2t
T
2
sen (e e
0
)
T
2

(

(
e e
0
( )
T
2
+
sen (e +e
0
)
T
2

(

(
e +e
0
( )
T
2

`

)

f (t) =
0 , t >
T
2
cos(e
0
t) , t <
T
2

f t ( ) =h(t)g(t)
h(t) =
0 , t >
T
2
1 , t <
T
2

; g t ( ) = cos(e
0
t)

g (e) =
t
2
o(e e
0
) + o(e + e
0
)
| |

h (e) =
T
2t
sen(e
T
2
)
e
T
2

h -

g
( )
(e) =
1
2t
h(t)g(t)
}

iet
e
dt

f = hg =

h -

g

h -

g
( )
(e) =
1
2t

h (e' )
}

g (e e' )de' =
=
1
2t
T
2t
sen(e'
T
2
)
e'
T
2
}
t
2
o(e e' e
0
) + o(e e' +e
0
)
| |
de'

f (e) = (

h -

g )(e) =
1
2t
T
2
sen (e e
0
)
T
2

(

(
e e
0
( )
T
2
+
sen (e +e
0
)
T
2

(

(
e +e
0
( )
T
2

`

)

Ejercicios:
1. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin seno:
f(t) = sen(e
0
t)
2. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:
f(t) = e
-a|t|
; (a>0)
3. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la o(t):
f (t) =

t
a
e
, t > 0
0 , t < 0

; (a > 0)
Ejercicios:
1. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin seno:
f t ( )= sen(e
0
t)

f e ( ) =
1
2t
f (t)
iet
e
dt
}

f e ( )=
1
2t
sen(e
0
t)
iet
e
dt
}
=
1
2t
iet
ie
0
t
e

ie
0
t
e
2i
( )
e
dt
}

f (e) =
1
2i 2t
i (e e
0
) t
e

i(e +e
0
)t
e
( )
}
dt

f (e) =
2t
2i 2t
o(e e
0
) o(e +e
0
)
| |

f (e) = i
t
2
o (e + e
0
) o (e e
0
)
| |
f t ( )=
a t
e
; (a > 0)

f e ( ) =
1
2t
f (t)
iet
e
dt
}

f e ( )=
1
2t
a t
e
iet
e
dt
}
=
2
2t
at
e
cos(e
0
t)dt
0
}
u = cos(e
0
t) ; du = e
0
sen(e
0
t)
dv =
at
e
dt ; v =
at
e
a
at
e
cos (e
0
t)dt
0
}
=
1
a

e
0
a
at
e
sen(e
0
t)dt
0
}
=
u = sen(e
0
t) ; du = e
0
cos(e
0
t)
dv =
at
e
dt ; v =
at
e
a
1
a

e
0
a

at
e
sen(e
0
t)
a

(

(
(
0
+
e
0
a
at
e
cos(e
0
t)dt
0
}

`

)

=
at
e
cos(e
0
t)dt
0
}
=
1
a
1 +
e
0
a
|
\

|
.
|
2
=
a
a
2
+e
0
2
at
e
cos(e
0
t)
a

(

(
(
0
e
0
a
at
e
sen(e
0
t)dt
0
}
=
1
a

e
0
a
|
\

|
.
|
2
at
e
cos(e
0
t)dt
0
}

f (e) =
2
t
a
a
2
+e
0
2
3. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la o(t):
f t ( )= o(t)

f e ( ) =
1
2t
f (t)
iet
e
dt
}

f e ( )=
1
2t
o (t)
iet
e
dt
}
=
1
2t

f (e) =
2t
2t
=
1
2t
a
1 + iea
f (t) =

t
a
e
, t > 0
0 , t < 0

;(a > 0)

f e ( ) =
1
2t
f (t)
iet
e
dt
}

f e ( )=
1
2t

t
a
e
iet
e
dt
0
}
=
1
2t

1
a
+ ie
|
\

|
.
|
|
t
e
dt
0
}

f e ( )=
1
2t

1
a
+ ie
|
\

|
.
|
|
t
e
1
a
+ ie
|
\

|
.
|

(

(
(
(
(
0
=
1
2t
1
1
a
+ ie
1 iea
1 iea

f e ( )=
2t
2t
a
1+ e
2
a
2
i
ea
2
1 +e
2
a
2
|
\

|
.
|
|
f (t) =
e
t
a
cos(e
0
t) , t > 0
0 , t < 0

; (a> 0)
f (t) =
h(1 a t ) , t >
1
a
0 ,t <
1
a

; (h, a > 0)
7. Usando el teorema de Rayleigh, calcular:
sen
2
t
t
2
dt
}
f (t) =
e
t
a
cos(e
0
t) , t > 0
0 , t < 0

; (a> 0)
f t ( )= h(t)g(t)
h(t) =

t
a
e
, t > 0
0 , t < 0

;(a > 0)
g t ( ) = cos(e
0
t)
F.T.

g (e) =
t
2
o (e e
0
) +o (e + e
0
)
| |
F.T.

h e ( ) =
2t
2t
a
1 +e
2
a
2
i
ea
2
1+ e
2
a
2
|
\

|
.
|
|

f (e)
=

f = hg =

h -

g

h -

g
( )
(e) =
1
2t
h(t)g(t)
}

iet
e
dt

h -

g
( )
(e) =
1
2t

h (e' )
}

g (e e' )de' =
=
1
2t
2t
2t
a
1 +e'
2
a
2
i
e' a
2
1 +e'
2
a
2
|
\

|
.
|
|
}
t
2
o (e e' e
0
) +o(e e' +e
0
)
| |
de'
=
1
2 2t
a
1 + (e e
0
)
2
a
2
+
a
1+ (e +e
0
)
2
a
2
i
(e e
0
)a
2
1+ (e e
0
)
2
a
2
+
(e e
0
)a
2
1+ (e e
0
)
2
a
2
|
\

|
.
|
|

(

(
(
f (t) =
h(1 a t ) , t >
1
a
0 ,t <
1
a

; (h, a > 0)

f e ( )=
1
2t
f (t)
iet
e
dt
}
=
2
t
f (t)cos (et )dt
0
}
=
2
t
h(1 at)cos(et)dt
0
1
a
}
= h
2
t
cos(et)dt a t cos(et)dt
0
1
a
}
0
1
a
}

(

(
(
(
(
t cos(et)dt
0
1
a
}
=
u = t ; du = dt
dv = cos(et)dt ; v =
sen(et)
e
t sen(et)
e

(

(
0
1
a
sen(et)
e
0
1
a
}
dt
t cos(et)dt
0
1
a
}
=
1
a
sen(
e
a
)
e
+
cos(et)
e
2

(

(
0
1
a
1
a
sen(
e
a
)
e
+
cos(
e
a
) 1
e
2

f (e) = h
2
t
a ( )
cos(
e
a
) 1
e
2

f (e) =
h
a
2
t
1 cos(
e
a
)
e
a
|
\

|
.
|
2
7. Usando el teorema de Rayleigh, calcular:
sen
2
t
t
2
dt
}
f t ( )=
0 , t <
T
2

1 ,
T
2
s t s
T
2
0 ,
T
2
< t

f (e) =
T
2t
sen(e
T
2
)
e
T
2
f t ( )=
0 , t >
T
2
1 , t s
T
2

f (e) =
T
2t
sen(e
T
2
)
e
T
2
f t ( )=
0 , t >
T
2
2t
T
, t s
T
2

f (e) =
sen(e
T
2
)
e
T
2

f (e) =
sene
e
f t ( )=
0 , t > 1
t
2
, t s1

=
sen
2
e
e
2
de
}
=

f (e)
2
de
}
= f (t)
2
dt
}
Rayleigh
= f (t)
2
dt
}
=
t
2
dt
1
1
}
= t
sen
2
t
t
2
dt
}
= t

Fourier Trans 2

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Fourier Trans 2

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