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By: John Chiles

A growth disorder in which the tibia turns inward Effects young children and adolescents Mainly in African-Americans One or both legs may shorten and turn inward Braces or surgery required If the leg is positioned correctly, outlook is good

Damage to cartilage under the knee cap Due to overuse of the knee Occurs usually in athletes Knee pain Usually ice and rest helps Physical therapy and/or surgery is sometimes required

A deformity in the hip with decrease in the inclination in the joint Congenital, developmental, or acquired Can be caused by development in adolescents, growth in the womb, and an injury to that area Surgery is needed

A separation of two bones where they meet at a joint Caused by a sudden impact to that joint May be painful, swollen, misshapen Can be forced back in to place, surrounding tissues need time to heal Usually expect a full recovery

A cancerous bone tumor that affects children Usually develops in Caucasian teens Can occur in any bone Pain and swelling at the site of the tumor Surgery is required Depending on the spread of the surgery , the recovery should do well

Part of a bone, or bones, is broken Caused by high impact or stress, or by medical conditions such as osteoporosis 4 types, depending on the break Pain, swelling, bruising, and in extreme cases, puncturing Casts are used to hold the bone in place, sometimes surgery If the bone is placed correctly, the outcome is positive

A condition where uric acid builds up in the joint and causes inflammation Obesity and kidney disease have been linked to it Sudden colossal pain, fever Anti-Inflammatory drugs required immediately

A curving of the spine that causes a hunchback position Caused by degenerative diseases, fractures, slipping of vertebrae Causes hunchback, difficulty breathing, fatigue, mild back pain, tenderness in the spine Surgery or brace required Recovery is usually positive

A cancer of the blood cells that begins in bone marrow Marrow creates abnormal cells Can lead to anemia, bleeding, and infection Causes linked to exposure of certain chemicals and radiation Chemotherapy, radiation treatments, and biological therapy is used for treatment

A childhood hip disorder that affects the ball part of the joint Pain and stiffness Cause is unknown Braces, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medicines are used for treatment

An unnatural inward curve in the lower spine Can be caused by osteoporosis, obesity, and kyphosis Drugs for pain relief, physical therapy, and braces are all required Surgery is sometimes required

Joint disorder caused by constant wear and tear on the cartilage Pain and stiffness are present as well as swelling (depending on the damage extent) Cannot be cured Symptoms controlled through over-the-counter medicines, exercise, and in extreme cases, physical therapy and braces

A condition that causes extremely fragile bones A congenital disease (present at birth) Caused by a genetic defect Multiple fractures, blue eye tint, and early hearing loss present Biophosphates can help control the symptoms, low impact exercises aid in strengthening the bones, reconstructive surgery is sometimes needed to handle deformities

Softening of the bones Caused by lack of vitamin D Bone fractures with no injury, muscle weakness, bone pain Treatment may involve vitamin D supplements taken by mouth

A bone infection caused by bacteria Spreads to the bone from infected skin, muscles, or tendons Symptoms include bone pain, fever, general discomfort, and swelling Antibiotics are given to destroy infection Surgery may be required to remove dead bone

Occurs when the bones lose their blood supply Usually occurs in the upper leg in your 30-50 year old range Steroids, joint injuries, and alcoholic consumption have been linked to osteronecrosis Treatment includes medication, electrical stimulation, and surgery

A loss in the bone structure, causing bones to be brittle Caucasian and Asian females are most at risk Can cause fractures with to sudden a movement, such as a cough or sneeze Medications, dietary supplements, and exercise can help control or prevent it

A condition that disrupts the bones natural recycling process which replaces old bone with new bone Cause is linked to genetic disorders Occurs mainly in the pelvis, skull, spine, and legs Biophosphates used to strengthen bones for treatment

A viral disease that can effect the nerves and lead to partial or total paralysis Caused by an infection with the polio virus General discomfort, headache, sore throat, vomiting are present Antibiotics used to stop the spread, physical therapy and braces will be necessary for paralyzed areas The outlook depends on what the disease affected

A disease that leads to inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues Cause is unknown Autoimmune (immune system attacks own body) Morning stiffness and joint pain Medication, physical therapy, and exercise is used to treat it Condition is lifelong

A disorder caused by lack of vitamin D, causing softening and weakening of the bones Bone pain or weakness, dental deformities, and impaired growth are present Supplements of vitamin D are required to combat the symptoms Condition usually improves within one week

An abnormal curving of the spine, usually to the side The cause is unknown Usually occurs to females during puberty Low back pain, tired feeling in the spine, uneven hips and shoulders Most of the time, a brace is applied, but in severe cases, surgery is required

A separation of the ball of the hip joint from the femur at the growth plate of the bone Children with hormone imbalances are at risk , as well as obese and rapidly growing children Difficulty walking, knee and hip pain, hip stiffness, and an outward-turning leg are all present Surgery involving screws in order to keep the bone in place is necessary The outcome is usually good with treatment

A birth defect in which the spinal canal does not close before birth The cause is unknown, but it has been linked to low amounts of folic acid in the womb Loss of bladder or bowel control, partial or complete loss of sensation, complete or partial paralysis in the legs and other symptoms are present Surgery to repair the defect is absolutely necessary and antibiotic use to prevent infection is recommended

A congenital condition in which the foot turns inward and downward The cause is unknown, but it is possibly genetic As the description says, the food turns inward and downward, and both the foot and the muscles reduce in size Gentle stretching and cast use over a long period of time is used to move the foot back into place Severe cases require surgery The outcome is usually positive with treatment

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