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Historical Dates
Islams Beginning 1340 Sheik Makhdum 1450 Rajah Kabungsuan Source: Roots of Zamboanga Hermosa: Hilario Lim

Founding and Opening of Colegio Seminario de San Ignacio 1590 Sedeo, S.J. founded the Colegio Manila (San Ignacio); colegio formally opened in 1559; endowment given by Marquis Esteban Rodriguez de Figueroa. Source: Critic at Large, Starweek, p. 6: Cruz, Isagani

Jesuits to Mindanao 1596 Cabildo of Manila assigned Jesuits to Mindanao. Source: Roots Lim

Confirmation of Jesuits assignment to Mindanao 1597 Gov. Tello confirms assignment in the Kings name. First missionary to Butuan, Valerio Ledesma. First missionaries to Dapitan, Juan Lopez, Febricio Sarsali, Francisco de Otazo: based in Cebu and Bohol. Source: Ibid, p.6

Spanish fleet captures Ternate 1606 Spanish fleet captured Ternate and brought defeated sultan to Manila. This was prelude an alliance between rulers of Maguindanao, Sulu, and Ternate against Spain. Unknown source

Ternate under Dutch protection 1607 Ternate came under Dutch protection. The Banda islands, including Amboina which was a dependency of Ternate, was completely subdued by 1623. Unknown source

Rajah Bungsu assumes sultanate, marries 1610 Rajah Bungsu assumed sultanate as Muwallil Wasit Bungsu; marries Nayac, daughter of Saragan of Pulong Bato. Source: Ibid, p.6

Jesuits to Dapitan 1629 Pedro de Arce, bishop of Cebu entrusts Dapitan to the Jesuits. Source: Ibid, p.6

Jesuits first residence 1631 Jesuits establish first residence in Dapitan; Pedro Gutierrez as first rector. Source: Ibid; p.6

Order to establish fort and garrison in Zamboanga 1634 Juan Cerezo de Salamanca orders the establishment of a fort and garrison in Zamboanga. Source: Ibid, p.6

Chavezs arrival in Zamboanga 1635 April 6: Capt. Juan de Chavez arrives with 300 peninsular and 1,000 Visayan infantry regulars. Source: Ibid, p.7

San Jose Cornerstone 1635, June 23: Cornerstone of La Fuerza Real de San Jose laid. Source: Ibid, p.7

Conversion of Basilan and Pangutaran datus; Baptism of Nayas two sons 1635 Ondol, Boto, and Quindinga, chiefs of Taguima (Basilan), converted by Francisco Angel and Nicolas Dee; rebel chief Tabaco slain by Alonso Tenorio; Basilan reduced Pangutaran island converted by Lopez; later for lack of priests, reverted to Islam. Two sons of Bungsu and Nayac return to Samboangan, baptized, inherited lower half of peninsula, given command of standing milita of volunteers, the first as commanding general, the second son as Bn. Cdr. Of 800 regulares. Source: Ibid, p.7

Defeat of Pirate Tagal 1636, December 21 - Tagal and his pirate fleet were vanquished off Punta Flechas; he was Kudarats admiral. Tagal was slain, over 100 captives released, and 300 captured. Spanish forces were led by Sgt. Maj. Nicolas Gonzales. Source: Ibid, p. 79

Defeat of Kudarat 1637 - Kudarat defeated in Ilihan by Governor-General Corcuera with former Kudarats ally Sofocan. Source: Ibid, p. 79

Corcuera lay siege on Jolos sultan Bungsu 1638 - Corcuera punishes Rajah Bungsu, sultan of Jolo. Suffered heaviest casualties ever, with five officers dead in action and five others dead from dysentery; eighty-seven Spaniards in all. Source: Ibid, p. 79

Voluntarios suffer only defeat 1639 - Voluntarios suffered only recorded defeat under overall command of General Almonte.

Combes assigned to Zamboanga 1645 Combes assigned to Samboangan, missionizes Baliwan, Bocot, Malandi, Recodo, Siocon. Source: Ibid, p.7

Bungsu and Spain Peace Treaty 1646 Rajah Bungsu signed treaty of peace with Spain; exempted from tribute and quintas for Zamboanga. Source: Ibid, p.7

Revolt of Palapag 1649 Sumoroy revolt of Palapag spreads to Camarines and south to Siocon; Gen. Roxas appealed for help from the Voluntarios of Samboangan. Source: Ibid, p.7

Alonso changes Roxas battle plans; Felipe Macombong is killed 1650 Alonso Macombong threatened to abandon if Roxas didnt change battle plans, which the latter did, and Voluntarios assaulted Sumoroys headquarters and quelled revolt. Felipe Macombong dies of war wounds on way to Manila, is embalmed and given military burial inside Fort San Jose. Source: Ibid, p.7

Lopez and Montiel murdered 1655 Lopez and Montiel murdered by Balatamay in Buayan, Mindanao. Source: Ibid

Cogseng takes Formosa 1662 Cogseng took Formosa from the Dutch, sent letter to De Lara who ordered total pullout of SFIS (spiritual forces of Imperial Spain) and AFIS (armed forces of Imperial Spain) from Samboangan. Sources: Ibid, p.7

Pullout from Fort San Jose in Samboangan 1663, Jan. 7 Pullout of fort for Manila, leaving Alonso Macombong in command without artillery; charged to defend the fort in the kings name against all enemies, but he refuses to against Kudarat. Curtain of history fell for 56 years; 24 years later, William Dampier, British consair took a peek behind the curtain, met nobody except hoofprints and ruined fort. Bereft of priests, all 6,000 converts revert to Islam. Source: Ibid, p. 7 & 8

Lopez and Montiel killed 1655 Lopez and Montiel killed by Balatamay in Buayen [Buhayen]. Source: Ibid, p.7

Re-occupation of Samboangan 1719 Reoccupation by order of Gov. Fernando Bustillo y Bustamante: Gen. Gregorio Padilla y Escalante, governor and commander of Fort Nuestra Senora del Pilar de Zaragosa; construction engineer, Juan de Sicarra; reconstruction of fort on same old foundation. Source: Ibid, p.67.

Datu Balasi attacks Fort Pilar 1720 Datu Balasi with 3,000 Maranaos, Tausogs, and Buayens lay siege on fort, repulsed three months later with the arrival of 1,090 Mindanaos allied to Spaniards. Source: Ibid, p.67

New Converts

1721 Jesuits made new converts in Zamboanga, 600 baptized. Source: Ibid, p.67

Pedro Estrada Bad-de appointed Cdr. of Lutaos 1733 Pedro Estrada Bad-de, son of Alonso Macombong, appointed Cdr. of Lutaos and Subanons with rank of general; his wife baptized (with daughter Dominga) co-ruler with Pedro Bad-de. Source: Ibid, p.67

First official intermarriage 1744 or thereabouts Inocencio Atilano marries Dominga and lifts Zamboangas mestizage from biological to the level of sacramental and official marriage; first and only on record. Atilanos of Zamboanga start with five children. Source: Ibid, p.67

Alimudin baptized by denied by Jesuits 1750, April 29 Alimudin baptized by Fernando I in Paniqui, Tarlac; Jesuits deny validity of his baptism; cause his imprisonment. Source: Ibid, p.67

M. Alvarez married Gregoria 1764 or thereabouts Manuel Alvarez marries Grgoria, daughter of Inocencio and Dominga; Alvarezes of Zamboanga start with four children. Source: Ibid, p.68

Alvarez to Jolo 1768 M. Alvarez goes to Jolo to wean Sultan Alimudin and Ruma Bichara from British; receives Royal welcome from Sultana [?], holds intimate converse with royalty, amazes Spaniards with nightly classes in dancing and singing. Score: won on diplomacy, lost on conversion of Muslims. Source: Ibid, p. 68

Jesuits exiled 1768 Jesuits exiled from the Philippines due to church politics in Rome. In 1859, by virtue of Royal Degree in 1852, Jesuits returned to the Philippines. Source: Critic at Large:Cruz. Starweek, July 16, 1994, p.6

British repulsed 1979 [sic]- British attack Fort Pilar; was repulsed, returned home. Source: Roots Lim: p. 68

Fort La Caldera 1784 Fort La Caldera built as protection from raids. Source: Ibid, p. 68

Claveria humbles Balingingi pirates 1848 - Governor General Narciso Claveria humbled the fiercest pirates of the South, the Balangingis; medals and citations given. Claveria called the Voluntarios briosos Zamboangueos (spirited, valorous) and denodados soldados (brave, galant) soldiers. Source: Ibid, p. 80

1851 Urbiztondo conquers Jolo Urbiztondo besieged Jolo from the sea and burnt it, famous friar Pascual Ibanez, O.S.A. killed, while leading his contingent of Cebu voluntarios. 300 Voluntarios cited; left without garrison, Jolo resurges strong. Source: Ibid, p. 68

1860 Zamboanga made politico-military capital of Mindanao divided into six districts: Zamboanga, Cotabato, Davao, Misamis, Surigao, and Basilan. Source: Ibid, p.68

Cavite mutineers over-powered by Zamboanga Voluntarios 1872 - Cavite mutineers imprisoned in Fort Pilar overpowered garrison and staged riot. Valuntarios saved Zamboanga with counter attack which wiped out mutineers in Rio Hondo mangroves: Alejo Alvarez and Florencio Enriquez cited; Zamboanga named La Leal y Valiente Villa. Source: Ibid, p. 80

Malcampo conquers Jolo 1876 Malcampo conquers, fortifies and beautifies Jolo; 400 Voluntarios cited: Alejo Alvarez, interpreter and chief of Voluntarios, wounded in assault of Cota parrang, age 50; together with interperter Ortuoste, Alejo signs peace treaty between Spain and the Sultan. Source: Ibid, p. 68

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Dispute betwee Moro leaders 1885, Feb. 15 Spanish government sends V. Alvarez to Jolo to settle the dispute between Sultan Kiram II and Datu Julkarnain. Sources: F. Enriquez & P. Gowing

Gov. Terreros campaign of Cotabato 1886 to 1887 Gov. Emilio Terroros campaign of Cotabato Source: Lim ... p. 80 ### Weylers campaign of Lanao 1891 - Gov. Valeriano Weylers campaign of Lanao Source: Lim ... p. 80 ### Parrado as governor 1893 Parrado becomes governor and commander of Fort of Pilar. Source: Ibid, p. 68

Marawi campaign 1894 Parrado takes command of Marawi campaign where Voluntarios receive highest awards for bravery and coolness under fire: they make final assault on Marawi and stay for reconstruction of fort and city; Calle Gen. Parrado, Calle Marawi and Calle Voluntarios criss-cross Calle Corcuera and Calle Felip II; leading citizens sign petition for Pueblo Parrado. p. 68 Longest continuous campaign participated in by Voluntarios lasting one

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year (March 1894 to March 1895) under General parrado, whose history chronicles the most glowing, most detailed account of Voluntarios Moros de Sibuguey y Cotabato; citations, promotions, medals and recommendations. Source: Ibid, p. 81

Filipino revollution spreads to Zamboanga 1898 revolution spreads to Zamboanga. Vicente Alvarez named military governor of Zamboanga-Basilan sector by Malolos government, with rank of brigadier general; takes Fort Pilar and ousts AFIS (armed forces of imperial Spain), under Gen. Diego de los Rios, who flees to Iloilo and surrenders to General Delgado [Note: Personally saw Gen. De los Rioss portrait on wall of Iloilo Museum, Iloilo city]; last bastion of Spain in the Philippines. Source: Ibid, p. 69

Outbreak of revolution 1898, March On this date Filipino revolution started in Zamboanga. Alvarez was one of the leaders. Source: Mandate Gowing, P.

Organization of Filipino troops 1899, January Gen. Montero armed two companies, the Deportados, headed by Melanio Calixto, and another group headed by Juan Ramos. Source: Annual Report of the War Department, 1901: Pettit

Alvarez reverses role of Zamboanga Voluntarios 1899 - Brig. General Vicente Alvarez, son of legendary Alejo, reversed the role of the Voluntarios by taking Fort Pilar, defeating Gen. de los Rios in Zamboanga; Melanio Calixto the hero of Mulu-Muluan

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successfully sea-jacked thirteen Spanish warhsips off Basilan Strait, led them to Mulu-Muluan, stripped them of arms and ammunition, but without touching their gold. ### Evacuation Cotabato 1899, January Gov. de los Rios ordered the evacuation of the Spanish forces from Cotabato.

13 Spanish gunboats arrival 1899, April 7 Thirteen gunboats and a merchant ship arrived Zamboanga from Isabela de Basilan. Source: Apuntes Hostoricos 1921: Saavedra, Balbino

13 Spanish gunboats captured 1899, April 7 Calixto and Arquiza capturedSpanish gunboats and merchant ship in Basilan straight. Source: Mindanao Life magazine, vol. I, Zamboanga city, October, 1965: Arevalo, Vicente

13 Spanish gunboats captured 1899, April 8 In the morning of this date, Calixto, et al, captured the thirteen gunboats and a merchant ship of Spain, which arrived the day before from Basilan. These were taken to Masinloc; in the afternoon the gunboats and merchant ship were taken to the revolutionary headquarters in Las Mercedes. A few days later, the Americans took the abandoned ships to Manila. Source: Apuntes : Saavedra, Balbino

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Alvarez Appointment 1899, May 4 Malolos congress appointed V. Alvarez as head of the revolutionary government of Zamboanga. Source: Gen. Alvarezs Notes: Enriquez, F

Altillery brought to Tetuan \ Fort Attacked 1899, May 10 Gen. Alvarez brought the artillery to Tetuan from Las Mercedes. At 10 p.m. the attack began, but Alvarez failed to enter Zamboanga city. Gen. Montero was wounded and other officers. Source: Apuntes Saavedra, B.

Zamboanga city attacked 1899, May Ramos attacked the town and burnt it. Source: ARWD, 1901: Pettit

White flag raised by Spaniards from fort 1899, May 11 At dawn Spaniards raised white flag from the trenches, and asked for peace parley. Conference held on board Leon XIII [Transatlantic Puerto Rico?] between Rios and Filipino rebels. For the safe return of Filipino commissioners, Col. Olvis was held as hostage in Tetuan. Source: Apuntes Saavedra

Hostilities break out again 1899, May 12 In the evening, hostilities between Filipinos and Spaniards broke out again, because of the failure of the peace parley.

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Again, Filipinos failed to take Zamboanga. Source: Ibid

Spanish troops rescued in Jolo 1899, May 16 Capt. Pratt at the head of the two American infantry battalions rescued beleaguered Spanish troops from Jolo.

Spanish white flag 1899, May 17 Rios raised white flag from the fort of Pilar.

Rios surrenders Zamboanga 1899, May 18 Gen. Rios surrendered Zamboanga. Afterwards a great banquet was given to the Filipino commissioners on board the Leon XIII. Meanwhile, the embarkation of Spanish forces was going on. In the afternoon, Rios with all his forces left for Manila on board Leon XIII, and then for Spain. Spanish flag had been lowered from Fort Pilar. As Rios and his men left, Filipino rebels fired or gave gun salutes as farewell. N. Arquiza was appointed governor of Zamboanga. Source: Apuntes Saavedra, B.

Spanish leave Zamboanga 1899, May 18 Spaniards left Zamboanga. Source: Gen. Alvarezs Notes: Enriquez, F

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Spanish evacuated 1899, late May Leon XIII sailed away with the Spanish soldiers that had occupied the garrison in Zamboanga. Source: ARWD, 1901: Pettit

Zamboanga burnt Zamboanga had been burnt, except for two streets along the waterfront. Alvarez first headquarters was in Santa Maria, then he moved to Mercedes because of the fear that he would be bombarded by the U.S. gunboats. Source: Ibid

Alvarez appointed presidente 1899, late May Alvarez was chosen as the president of the Republid of Zamboanga, general commanding the first district of Mindanao. Source: Ibid

Calixto promoted 1899, late May Calixto was promoted to general and second in command. Source: Ibid

Midels betrayal 1899, November After Midel murdered Calixto, he boarded the U.S.S. Castine then anchored n Zamboangas harbor and reported what he had accomplished to Commander Very; then he raised the U.S. flag at the fort, which was a signal for Commander Very to land his Marines. Source: Ibid

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Mandis U.S. alliance 1899, November Moro Datu Mandi offered his assistance to the Americans. Source: Ibid

Mandis houses burnt 1899, November Gen. Alvarez burnt the houses of Datu Mandi. Source: Ibid

Alvarez vs. Mandi 1899, November Datu Mandi fought Alvarez in Curuan, killing a number of insurrectos and capturing a lot of their women and children. Mandi returned the women and children to Zamboanga. Alvarez observed the landing of women and children from the churchs tower, but Mandi gave him no opportunity to shoot. Source: Ibid

Midel as presidente 1899, November After Commander Very landed in Zamboanga, he appointed Midel as presidente provincial. Source: Ibid

Midel turns over arms to U.S. 1899, November Midel gathered the arms in Zamboanga and turned them over to the American forces.

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Source: Ibid

Two companies of U.S. 23rd infantry arrive Zamboanga from Jolo 1899, November Two U.S. gunboats were sent to Jolo to get assistance there; thus, two companies of the 23rd infantry were went to Zamboanga from Jolo to garrison the place. Infantry under Capt. Nichols. Source: Ibid

Datu Mandi boards the Manila 1899, November 14 An hour or two after dark, Datu Mandi boarded the Manila anchored at Malanipa. Note: For half a year Zamboanga was blockaded from the sea by United States Castine. Blockade was effective in diminishing food resources of the sub-province [Zamboanga], and secured allegiance from Visayan inhabitants --- Christians --- of the hinterlands, and from the tribe of Samal Lauts --- Mohammedans. Source: Potter

Capture of Zamboanga led Batess expedition to Mindanao possible It was the capture of Zamboanga by the Manila and the Castine --Thursday, November 16, 1899 --- that made possible the Bates expedition to and about Mindanao Source: Ibid

Dates from different sources on the surrender of Zamboanga Nov. 16, 1899} Midel surrendered Zamboanga to the Americans F. Enriquez

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} Occupation Day - Pettit } Alvarez and his Gang Left Zamboanga P. Gowing

More troops to Zamboanga and Basilan 1899, December 5 Under Col. Pettit the 31st U.S. Volunteer infantry arrived in Zamboanga. Fifty men of Company D, 31st inf. Under Capt. Cabell on board the Chunuca took Isabela de Basilan without resistance. Source: Mandate Gowing, P

Cabelle appointment, Dec. 1899: Cabelle appointed governor of Isabela de Basilan. Source: ibid

23rd infantry returns to Jolo 1899, December The two companies of the 23rd inf. returned to Jolo. Source: Ibid

Moros control Paran-Paran 1899, December Moros were in complete control of Paran-Paran, and would have killed all the Filipinos if the Americans had delayed occupation of it. Source: Ibid

Occupation of Cotabato

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1899, December Cotabato was occupied next by the Americans. The 31st infantry was led by Maj. Bret. Source: Ibid

U.S. forces defeats Voluntarios in Lunzuran-Boalan sector American forces defeated Voluntarios in Lunzuran-Boalan sector; Alvarez fled, joined Misamis forces of Gen. Capistrano; captured by US forces on Mt. Aloran, Misamis Occidental; imprisoned in Manila with Aguinaldo and together, swore allegiance to U.S.A. ### Americans put up schools, etc. 1900, January Schools and a customs-house were established in that order; then a collector of internal revenue was appointed. Source: Gowing

Cable laid 1900, February 28 - Cable was laid from Tucuran to Zamboanga, and a few days later from Jolo to Zamboanga. Source: Ibid

Alvarez and Capistrano captured by Americans 1900, March - Generals Alvarez and Capistrano were captured by the Americans in Aloran, Oroquieta, Misamis Oriental. Source: Notes: Francisco Enriquez

Imprisonment of Alvarez 1900, March Alvarez was imprisoned with Quezon, and Generals

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Ricarte, Trias, Montenegro, etc. in Manila. Source: Ibid

Zamboanga from district to department 1900, April The district of Zamboanga became a department under Brig. Gen. Kobbe. Source: Mandate : P. Gowing

Pettit ceased command 1900, April When the district of Zamboanga was made into a department under Brig. Gen. Kobbe, Col. Pettit ceased to command the district. Source: Ibid

31st U.S. Volunteer Inf. replaced 1900, May 14 The 31st U.S. volunteer inf. was concentrated in Zamboanga, and it left the department on board Hancock. It was replaced by the companies of the 10th inf. 5th Cavalry, and the 23rd infantry. Source: Ibid

Midel relieved 1901, February Midel asked to be relieved of his post. Source: Ibid

Capture of Aguinaldo

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1901, March 23 Funston captured Aguinaldo.

Meeting for unification of the pueblos 1901, March 30 to October 11, 1901 Meeting to unify the five pueblos into the municipality of which was to be called Zamboanga.

Zamboanga into a municipality 1901, June the completion of the province of Zamboanga into a single municipality. Source: Mandate : P. Gowing

Alvarez pledges allegiance to U.S. 1901, August 2 Gen. Alvarez pledged allegiance to the U.S.A. Source: R. Arevalo

Other leader moved to Lanao 1901, June [conflicting dates?] After the capture of Alvarez, the other insurgent leader Deloso moved to Lanao. Source: appendix 6. Report of Brig. Gen. G. Davies, commanding, 7th separate brigade, August 1, 1902

Alvarez released 1902, August 2 Gen. Alvarez was released by the Americans. Source: Zamboangas forgotten heroes: V. Arevalo

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Alvarez returned to Zamboanga 1903, January 26 Gen. Alvarez returned to Zamboanga Source: Ibid

Alvarez appointed officer 1904, October 29 Gen. Alvarez was appointed PC officer.

Alvarez appointment of first deputy 1914, April 1 After the abolition of the American regime, Gen. Alvarez was appointed first deputy civil governor of Dapitan and Judge of the tribunal ward. Source: Zamboangas Forgotten Hero: V. Arevalo

Department took over Moro provinces 1914-1920 The department of Mindanao and Sulu took over the Moro province. 1920 With the abolition of the department, the bureau of nonChristian tribes under the department of the interiror came into being.

Death of Alvarez 1942, November 4 Gen. Alvarez died in Labason, Zamboanga del Norte, of illness. Eighty years old.

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