NAZI Technology

Secret NAZI War Technology Reported in Harper's Magazine

Below is the full text of a most amazing article published in the October 1946 edition of Harper's Magazine, just over a year after the end of WWII. This highly intriguing article reveals that the US government recovered many tons worth of secret documents from the Nazis. These astonishing documents showed beyond a shadow of a doubt that in almost all areas of scientific research, the Nazis were far ahead of the allied forces often by a factor of 10 years or more. How was this possible? With similar financial resources and brain power to that of the allies, how did they make such huge leaps in technology in such a short span of time? It doesn't really make sense unless you consider the possibility that they might have had access to technology from some advanced civilization. Could they have recovered one or more crashed UFOs and back engineered the technology? Sound far fetched? Can you come up with a better explanation? For solid evidence of this possibility, click here. Note: For a concise two-page summary of this long article, click here. To verify this article on the Harper's website, click here.

War Secrets Harper's October, 1946 Page 329

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Thousands Magazine

Secrets
By C. Lester Walker

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Thousands

Harper's readers are familiar with Mr. Walker's articles and the skillful mechanics of the Allied war. He now gives us a look at some of the disconcertingly effective tricks that were hidden up the enemy sleeve. Someone wrote to Wright Field recently, saying he understood this country had got together quite a collection of enemy war secrets, that many were now on public sale, and could he, please, be sent everything on German jet engines. The Air Documents Division of the Army Air Forces answered: "Sorry but that would be fifty tons." Moreover, that fifty tons was just a small portion of what is today undoubtedly the biggest collection of captured enemy war secrets ever assembled. If you always thought of war secrets as who hasn't? as coming in sixes and sevens, as a few items of information readily handed on to the properly interested authorities, it may interest you to learn that the

war secrets in this collection run into the thousands, that the mass of documents is mountainous, and that there was never before been anything quite comparable to it. The collection is today chiefly in three places: Wright Field (Ohio), the Library of Congress, and the Department of Commerce. Wright Field is working from a documents "mother lode" of fifteen hundred tons. In Washington, the Office of Technical Services (which has absorbed the Office of the Publication Board, the government agency originally set up to handle the collection) reports that tens of thousands of tons of material are involved. It is estimated that over a million separate items must be handled, and that they are, very likely, practically all the scientific, industrial and military secrets of Nazi Germany. One Washington official has called it "the greatest single source of this type of material in the world, the first orderly exploitation of an entire country's brain-power." How the collection came to be goes back, for beginnings, to one day in 1944 when the Allied Combined Chief' of Staff set in motion a colossal search for war secrets in occupied German territory. They created a group of military-civilian teams, termed the Joint Intelligence Objectives Committee, which was to follow the invading armies into Germany and uncover all her military, scientific, and industrial secrets for early use against Japan. These teams worked against tine to get the most vital information be: ore it was. destroyed, and in getting it performed prodigies of ingenuity and tenacity. At an optical company at Wetzlav, near Frankfurt, for example, the American colonel investigating felt positive that the high executives were holding out on him. But nothing would shake their story: they had given him everything. He returned next day with a legal document which he asked them all to sign. It declared they had turned over "all scientific and trade data; and if not, would accept the consequences." Two days later they glumly signed the document, then led he colonel to a cache in a warehouse will. From a safe tumbled out the secret file on optical instruments, microscopy, aiming devices. One two-man search team found itself completely stymied. Records that they had to find had completely disappeared. A rumor indicated they might have been hidden in a mountain. The two scoured the region in a jeep. Nothing. But keeping at it, they stumbled one day onto a small woods road whose entrance was posted: Achtung! Minen! Gingerly, slowly, they inched their jeep in. Nothing happened. But a concrete dugout sunk in the hill revealed another sign: "Opening Will Cause Explosion." "We tossed a coin," one member of this search team said later, "and the loser hitched the jeep tow rope to the dugout door, held his breath! and stepped on the gas." There was no explosion. The door-ripped from its hinges. The sought-for secret files were inside. The German Patent Office put some of its most secret patents down a sixteen-hundred-foot mine shaft at Heringen, then piled liquid oxygen, in cylinders, on top of them. When the American Joint Intelligence Objectives team found them, & was doubtful that they could be saved. They were legible, but in such bad shape that a trip to the surface would make them disintegrate. Photo equipment and a crew were therefore lowered into the shaft and a complete microfilm record made of the patents there.

PERHAPS one of the most exciting searches was also the grimmest. This was the hunt for hidden documents which might reveal that Nazi scientists had frozen human beings to death and then tried to bring them back to life again. Interviewing four Nazi doctors one day in June 1945, at a laboratory of the Institut fur Luftfahrtmedizin, at Gut Hirschau, Bavaria, an American medical corps major, Leo Alexander, was struck with the dreadful conviction, despite repeated denials, that this had occurred. His suspicion were aroused by three things. All the small animal laboratory equipment was carefully preached; all large-animal equipment destroyed. One of the doctors wanted to dissolve his research institute and dismiss his staff. And none of the scientists could find any data on human beings at all, not even on those rescued from North Sea waters and saved by the new revival techniques. Did this mean that everything of the sort was hidden away with other data which, the doctors didn't want to show? Wishing to leave the four Germans in a frame of mind not to destroy their records, the American concealed his suspicions, and, for the time being, transferred his search elsewhere. Chance suddenly played into his hands. The Allied radio one night broadcast a grim tale of the Dachau concentration camp. Researches on death, and treatment of shock, from exposure to cold had been performed on prisoners. The broadcast named the leading experimenter, one Dr. Rascher, and called him a member of the medical staff of the SS. For Alexander this was a lead. He happened just to have learned that the American Seventh Army had recently captured a vast mass of especially secret SS records. He therefore headed for the Seventh Army Documents Center to see what was there. There was more than he anticipated. Even to the complete and final report Himmler's personal copy, with his green-penciled annotations, all over it with the names of Rascher and all others involved, and containing all the damning details of the almost unbelievable experiments. Victims had been immersed naked in ice water until they lost consciousness. All the time elaborate testings were constantly made: rectal, skin, and interior-of-the-stomach temperatures; pulse, blood sugar, blood chlorides, blood count and sedimentation; urine tests; spinal fluid. Appendix 7, Figure 5, showed that seven subjects were chilled to death beyond revival in from fifty-three to one hundred and six minutes. "This table," Alexander commented in his own report, "is certainly the most laconic confession of seven murders in existence." It had been with the rest of the documents in Himmler's private cave in mountain at Hallein. Even though the side of the mountain had been dynamited down over the cave mouth, the American searchers had found it. The earliest Joint Intelligence Objectives search teams were followed by others, which were to dig out industrial and scientific secrets in particular. The Technical Industrial Intelligence Committee was one group of these, composed of three hundred and eighty civilians representing seventeen American industries. Later came the teams of the Office of the Publication Board itself and many mow groups direct from private industry. Of the latter called, in Germany, Field Intelligence Agencies, Technical (FIAT) there have been over five hundred; of one to ten members each, operating by invitation and under the aegis of the OPB.

Today the search still goes on. The Office of Technical Services has a European staff of four to five hundred J At Hoechst, it has one hundred abstractors who struggle feverishly to keep ahead of the forty OTS document-recording cameras which route to them each month over one hundred thousand feet of microfilm. II What did we find? You'd like some outstanding examples from the war secrets collection? The head of the communications unit of Technical Industrial Intelligence Branch opened his desk drawer and took out the tiniest vacuum tube I had ever seen. It was about half thumb-size. "Notice it is heavy porcelain not glass and thus virtually indestructible. It is a thousand watt one-tenth the size of similar American tube. Today our manufacturers know the secret of making it.... And here's something...." He pulled some brown, papery-looking ribbon off a spool. It was a quarter-inch wide, with a dull and a shiny side. "That's Magnetophone tape," he said. "It's plastic, metallized on one side with iron oxide. In Germany that supplanted phonograph recordings. A day's Radio program can be magnetized on one reel. You can demagnetize it, wipe it off and put a new program on at any time. No needle; so absolutely no noise or record wear. An hour-long reel costs fifty cents." He showed me then what had been two of the most closely-guarded technical secrets of the war: the infra-red device which the Germans invented for seeing at night, and the remarkable diminutive generator which operated it. German cars could drive at any speed in a total blackout, seeing objects clear as day two hundred meters ahead. Tanks with this device could spot targets two miles away. As a sniper scope it enabled German riflemen to pick off a man in total blackness. There was a sighting tube, and a selenium screen out front. The screen caught the incoming infra-red light, which drove electrons from the selenium along the tube to another screen which was electrically charged and fluorescent. A visible image appeared on this screen. Its clearness and its accuracy for aiming purposes were phenomenal. Inside the tube, distortion of the stream of electrons by the earth's magnetism was even allowed for! The diminutive generator five inches across stepped up current from an ordinary flashlight battery to 15,000 volts. It had a walnut-sized motor which spun a rotor at 10,000 rpm so fast that originally it had destroyed all lubricants with the great amount of ozone it produced. The Germans had developed a new grease: chlorinated paraffin oil. The generator then ran 3,000 hours! A canvas bag on the sniper's back housed the device. His rifle had two triggers. He pressed one for a few seconds to operate the generator and the scope.. Then the other to kill his man in the dark. "That captured secret," my guide declared, "we first used at Okinawa to the bewilderment of the Japs." We got, in addition, among these prize secrets, the technique and the machine for making the world's most remarkable electric condenser. Millions of condensers are essential to the radio and radar industry. Our condensers were always made of metal foil. This one is made of paper, coated with 1/250,000 of an inch of vaporized zinc. Forty per cent smaller, twenty per cent cheaper than our condensers, it is also self-healing. That is, if

a breakdown occurs (like a fuse blowing out), the zinc film evaporates, the paper immediately insulates, and the condenser is right again. It keeps on working through multiple breakdowns at fifty per cent higher voltage than our condensers! To most American radio experts this is magic, double-distilled. Mica was another thing. None is mined in Germany, so during the war our Signal Corps was mystified. Where was Germany getting it? One, day certain piece of mica was handed to one of our experts in the U.S. Bureau of Mines for analysis and opinion. "Natural mica," he reported, "and no impurities." But the mica was synthetic. The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Silicate Research had discovered how to make it and something which had always eluded scientists in large sheets. We know now, thanks to FIAT teams, that ingredients of natural mica were melted in crucibles of carbon capable of taking 2,350 degrees of heat, and then this was the real secret cooled in a special way. Complete absence of vibration was the first essential. Then two forces directly perpendicular to each other were applied. One, vertically, was a controlled gradient of temperature in the cooling. At right angles to this, horizontally, was introduced a magnetic field. This forced the formation of the crystals in large laminated sheets on that plane. "You see this . . ." the head of Communications Unit, TIIB, said to me. It was metal, and looked like a complicated doll's house with the roof off. "It is the chassis or frame, for a radio. To make the same thing, Americans would machine cut, hollow, shape, fit a dozen different processes. This is done on a press in one operation. It is called the 'cold extrusion' process. We do it with some soft, splattery metals. But by this process the Germans do it with cold steel! Thousands of parts now made as castings or drop forgings or from malleable iron can now be made this way. The production speed increase is a little matter of one thousand per cent." This one war secret alone, many American steel men believe, will revolutionize dozens of our metal fabrication industries. In textiles the war secrets collection has produced so many revelations that American textile men are a little dizzy. There is a German rayon-weaving machine, discovered a year ago by the American 'Knitting Machine' Team, which increases production in relation to floor space by one hundred and fifty percent. Their "Links-Links" loom produces a ladderless, run-proof hosiery. New German needle-making machinery, it is thought will revolutionize that business in both the United Kingdom and the United States. There is a German method for pulling the wool from sheepskins without injury to hide or fiber, by use of an enzyme. Formerly the "puller" a trade secret was made from animal pancreas from American packing houses. During the war the Nazis made it from a mold called aspergil paraciticus, which they seeded in bran. It results not only in better wool, but in ten per cent greater yield. Another discovery was a way to put a crimp in viscose rayon fibers which gives them the appearance, warmth, wear resistance, and reaction-to-dyes of wool. The secret here, our investigators found, was the addition to the cellulose of twenty-five per cent fish protein. But of all the industrial secrets, perhaps, the biggest windfall came from the laboratories and plants of the great German cartel, I. G. Farbenindustrie. Never before, it is claimed, was there such a store-house of secret information. It covers liquid and

solid fuels, metallurgy, synthetic rubber, textiles, chemicals, plastics, drugs, dyes. One American dye authority declares: "It includes the production know-how and the secret formulas for over fifty thousand dyes. Many of them are faster and better than ours. Many are colors we were never able to make. The American dye industry will be advanced at least ten years." III IN MATTERS of food, medicine, and branches of the military art the finds of the search teams were no less impressive. And in aeronautics and guided missiles they proved to be downright alarming. One of the food secrets the Nazis had discovered was a way to sterilize fruit juices without heat. The juice was filtered, then cooled, then carbonated and stored under eight atmospheres of carbon-dioxide pressure. Later the carbon-dioxide was removed; the juice passed through another filter which, this time, germ-proofed it and then was bottled. Some thing, perhaps, for American canners to think about. Milk pasteurization by ultra-violet light has always failed in other countries, but the Germans had found how to do it by using light tubes of great length, and simultaneously how to enrich the milk with vitamin D. At a plant in Kiel, British searchers of the Joint Intelligence Objectives Committee found that cheese was being made "good quality Hollander and Tilitser" by a new method at unheard-of speed. "Eighty minutes from the renneting to the hooping of the curd," report the investigators. The cheese industry around the world had never been able to equal that. Butter (in a creamery near Hamburg) was being produced by something long wished for by American butter makers: a continuous butter making machine. An invention of dairy equipment manufacturers in Stuttgart, it took up less space than American churns and turned out fifteen hundred pounds an hour. The machine was promptly shipped to this country to be tested by the American Butter Institute. Among other food innovations was a German way of making yeast in almost limitless quantities. The waste sulfite liquor from the beechwood used to manufacture cellulose was treated with an organism known to bacteriologists as candida arborea at temperatures higher than ever used in yeast manufacture before. The finished product served as both animal and human food. Its caloric value is four times that of lean meat, and it contains twice as much protein. The Germans also had developed new methods of preserving food by plastics and new, advanced refrigeration techniques. Refrigeration and air-conditioning on German U-boats had become so efficient that the submarines could travel from Germany to the Pacific, operate there for two months, and then return to Germany without having to take on fresh water for the crew. A secret plastics mixture (among its ingredients were polyvinyl acetate, chalk, and talc) was used to coat bread and cheese. A loaf fresh from the oven was dipped, dried, redipped, then heated half an hour at 285 degrees. It would be unspoiled and good to eat eight months later. "As for medical secrets in this collection," one Army-surgeon has remarked, "some of them will save American medicine years of research; some of them are revolutionary like, for instance, the German technique for treatment after prolonged and usually fatal exposure to cold." This discovery revealed to us by Major Alexander's search already mentioned reversed everything medical science thought about the subject. In every one of the dread experiments the subjects were most successfully revived,

both temporarily and permanently, by immediate immersion in hot water. In two cases of complete standstill of heart and cessation of respiration, a hot bath at 122 degrees brought both subjects back to life. Before our war with Japan ended, this method was adopted as the treatment for use by all American Air-Sea Rescue Services, and it is generally accepted by medicine. today. German medical researchers had discovered a way to produce synthetic blood plasma.Called capain, it was made on a commercial scale and equaled natural plasma in results. Another discovery was periston, a substitute for the blood liquid. An oxidation production of adrenalin (adrenichrome) was produced in quantity successfully only by the Nazis and was used with good results in combating high blood pressure (of which 750,000 persons die annually in the United States). Today we have the secret of manufacture and considerable of the supply. Likewise of great importance medically were certain researches by Dr. Boris Rojewsky of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Biophysics at Frankfurt. These were on the ionization of air as related to health.Positively ionized air was discovered to have deleterious effects upon human well-being, and to account for the discomfort and depression felt at times when the barometer is falling. In many persons, it was found, its presence brought on asthma, hay fever, and nervous tension. It raised high blood pressure, sometimes to the danger point. It would bring on the symptoms common in mountain sickness labored and rapid breathing, dizziness, fatigue, sleepiness. Negatively ionized air, however, did all the opposite. It was exhilarating, creating a feeling of high spirits and well-being. Mental depression was wiped out by it. In pathological cases it steadied breathing, reduced high blood pressure, was a check on allergies and asthma. The importance of its presence wherever human beings live, work, or recuperate from illness may some day make its production one of the major functions of air conditioning. IV But of highest significance for the future were the Nazi secrets in aviation and in various types of missiles. "The V-2 rocket, which bombed London," an Army Air Force publication reports, "was just a toy compared to what the Germans had up their sleeve." When the war ended, we now know, they had 138 types of guided missiles in various stages of production or development, using every known kind of remote control and fuse: radio, radar, wire, continuous wave, acoustics, infra-red, light beams, and magnetics, to name some; and for power, all methods of jet propulsion for either subsonic or supersonic speeds. Jet propulsion had even been applied to helicopter flight. The fuel was piped to combustion chambers at the rotor blade tips, where it exploded, whirling the blades around like a lawn sprinkler or pinwheel. As for rocket propulsion, their A4 rocket, which was just getting into large scale production when the war ended, was fortysix feet long, weighed over 24,000 pounds, and traveled 230 miles. It rose sixty miles above the earth and had a maximum speed of 3,735 miles an hour three times that of the earth's rotation at the equator. The secret of its supersonic speed, we know today, lay in its rocket motor which used liquid oxygen and alcohol for fuel. It was either radio controlled or selfguided to its target by gyroscopic means. Since its speed was supersonic, it could not be heard before it struck.

Another German rocket which was coming along was the A-9. This was bigger still 29,000 pounds and had wings which gave it a flying range of 3,000 miles. It was manufactured at the famous Peenemunde army experiment station and achieved the unbelievable speed of 5,870 miles an hour. A long range rocket-motored bomber which, the war documents indicate, was never completed merely because of the war's quick ending, would have been capable of flight from Germany to New York in forty minutes. Pilot-guided from a pressurized cabin, it would have flown at an altitude of 154 miles. Launching was to be by catapult at 500 miles an hour, and the ship would rise to its maximum altitude in as short a time as four minutes. There, fuel exhausted, it would glide through the outer atmosphere, bearing down on its target. With one hundred bombers of this type the Germans hoped to destroy any city on earth in a few days' operations. Little wonder, then, that today Army Air Force experts declare publicly that in rocket power and guided missiles the Nazis were ahead of us by at least ten years. The Germans even had devices ready which would take care of pilots forced to leave supersonic planes in flight. Normally a pilot who stuck his head out at such speeds would have it shorn off. His parachute on opening would burst in space. To prevent these calamitous happenings an ejector seat had been invented which flung the pilot clear instantaneously. His chute was already burst, that is, made of latticed ribbons which checked his fall only after the down-drag of his weight began to close its holes. A Nazi variation of the guided air missile was a torpedo for underwater work which went unerringly to its mark, drawn by the propeller sound of the victim ship from as far away as ten miles. This missile swam thirty feet below the water, at forty miles an hour, and left no wake. When directly under its target, it exploded. All such revelations naturally raise the question: was Germany so far advanced in air, rocket, and missile research that, given a little more time, she might have won the war? Her war secrets, as now disclosed, would seem to indicate that possibility. And the Deputy Commanding General of Army Air Forces Intelligence, Air Technical Service Command, has told the Society of Aeronautical Engineers within the past few months: "The Germans were preparing rocket surprises for the whole world in general and England in particular which would have, it is believed, changed the course of the war if the invasion had been postponed for so short a time as half a year." V For the release and dissemination of all these one-time secrets the Office of the Publication Board was established by an order of President Truman within ten days after Japan surrendered. The order directed that not only enemy war secrets should be published, but also (with some exceptions) all American secrets, scientific and technical, of all government war boards. (The Office of Scientific Research and Development, the National Research Council, and other such.) And thereby was created what is being termed now the biggest publishing problem a government agency ever had to handle. For the war secrets, which conventionally used to be counted in scores, will run to threequarters of a million separate documentary items (two-thirds of them on aeronautics) and will require several years and several hundreds of people to screen and prepare them for wide public use.

Today translators and abstracters of the Office of Technical Services, successor to the OPB, are processing them at the rate of about a thousand a week. Indexing and cataloguing the part of the collection which will be permanently kept may require more than two millions cards; and at Wright Field the task is so complicated that electric punch-card machine are to be installed. A whole new glossary of German-English terms has had to be compiled something like forty thousand words on new technical and scientific items. With so many documents, it has, of course, been impossible because of time and money limitations to reprint or reproduce more than a very few. To tell the public what is available, therefore, the OTS issues a bibliography weekly. This contains the newest war secrets information as released with titles, prices of copies currently available or to be made up, and an abstract of contents. The original document, or the microfilm copy, is then generally sent to the Library of Congress, which is now the greatest depository. To make them more easily accessible to the public, the Library sends copies, when enough are available, to about 125 so-called "depository" libraries throughout the United States. And is the public doing anything with these one-time war secrets? It is it is eating them up. As many as twenty thousand orders have been filled in a month, and the order rate is now a thousand items a day. Scientists and engineers declare that the information is "cutting years from the time we would devote to problems already scientifically investigated." And American business men ...! A run through the Publication Board's letters file shows the following; The Bendix Company in South Bend, Indiana, writes for a German patent on the record player changer "with records stacked above the turntable." Pillsbury Mills wants to have what is available on German flour and bread production methods. Kendall Manufacturing Company ("Soapine") wants insect repellent compounds. Pioneer Hi-Bred Corn Company, Iowa, asks about "interrogation of research workers at the agricultural high school at Hohenheim." Pacific Mills requests I. G. Farbenindustrie's water-repellent, crease-resistant finish for spun rayon. The Polaroid Company would like something on "the status of exploitation of photography and optics in Germany." (There are, incidentally, ten to twenty thousand German patents yet to be screened.) The most insatiable customer is Amtorg, the Soviet Union's foreign trade organization. One of its representatives walked into the Publication Board office with the bibliography in hand and said, "I want copies of everything." The Russians sent one order in May for $5,594.00 worth two thousand separate war secrets reports. In general, they buy every report issued. Americans, too, think there is extraordinarily good prospecting in the war secrets lode. Company executives practically park on the OTS's front doorstep, wanting to be first to get hold of a particular report on publication. Some information is so valuable that to get it a single day ahead of a competitor, may be worth thousands of dollars. But the OTS takes elaborate precautions to be sure that no report is ever available to anyone before general public release. After a certain American aircraft company had ordered a particular captured war document, it was queried as to whether the information therein had made it or saved it any money. The cost of the report had been a few dollars. The company answered: "Yea at least a hundred thousand dollars." A research head of another business firm took notes for three hours in the OTS offices one day. "Thanks very much," he said, as he stood to go, "the notes from these documents are worth at least half a million dollars to my company."

And after seeing the complete report the German synthetic fiber industry, one American manufacturer remarked: "This report would be worth twenty million dollars to my company if it could have it exclusively." Of course you, and anybody else, can now have it, and lots of other once secret information, for a few dollars. All the war secrets, as released, are completely in the public domain

Hitler on Ice: Did the Nazis Have a Secret Antarctic Fortress?

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Matt Soniak filed under: Big Questions, top-story

As if I needed more evidence that I have a really awesome job, I occasionally get emails from my editor, Jason, that say things like, "A reader just left a comment about Nazis looking to form a superadvanced civilization in Antarctica. Can we add that to the list of things to investigate?"

Bettmann/CORBIS While there are more than a few conspiracy theories that deal with the Nazis and advanced ancient and/or alien civilizations, the supposed Nazi/alien/Antarctica connection, as told by a number of paranormal/conspiracy writers, can be summed up like this: the Nazis claimed an area of Antarctica as German territory and sent an expedition there + the Nazis experimented with innovative technology like stealth aircraft and liquid-propellant rockets = the Nazis in Antarctica must have found alien technology or met actual aliens. Branching out from that hypothesis, there are stories about Hitler being whisked away (like a comic book super villain) to a secret Antarctic lair built under a mountain, British and U.S. forces battling Nazis and UFOs in the snow and, finally, the polar Nazi forces being wiped out by a nuclear bomb.

It would make an excellent summer action movie, but are these stories based on anything? Like many conspiracy theories, there are some elements of truth to it all. But whether the facts can be woven together into one cohesive narrative without having to make great leaps of logic is another matter.

For Colin Summerhayes, a geologist and oceanographer with the Scott Polar Research Institute, and Peter Beeching, a journalis t and historian specializing in international affairs, the story doesnt pass Carl Sagans "baloney detection kit. In 2006, the pair published "Hitlers Antarctic Base: The Myth and the Reality. Its an expansive, peer -reviewed study of a mountain of documentary evidence concerning Antarcticas geography and weather (including Summerhayes own research and first -hand experience), polar exploration, and the relevant countries declassified militar y histories. The 21page myth-busting juggernaut, printed in the scholarly journal Polar Record, starts with an excellent battle cry of skepticism: However, as is often stated, the absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Perhaps there were cover-ups. Perhaps they were successful [] The burden of proof should fall on the shoulders of those making the claims. It is not sufficient to propose an idea and then claim that the hypothesis is untestable because the evidence for it has been covered up. In science, as pointed out by [Carl] Sagan we may start with experimental results, data, observations, and measurements regarded as facts. We then invent possible explanations and systematically confront each explanation with those facts, until we ?nd an explanation that meets the facts in all respects as far as we can tell. The tale of the frosty Nazis fails Summerhayes and Beechings gauntlet, and the paper picks the story apart piece by piece:

THE GERMAN ANTARCTIC EXPEDITIONS AND BASE

The Story: In 1938, the Nazis sent a large team of explorers - including scientists, military units and building crews on war ships and submarines - to the Queen Maud Land region of Antarctica. While mapping the area, they discovered a vast network of underground warm-water rivers and caves. One of these caves extended down as far as 20-30 miles and contained a large geothermal lake. The cave was explored and construction teams were sent in to build a city-sized base, dubbed Base 211 or New Berlin, that hosted the SS, the Thule Society, serpent cults, various Nazi occultists, the Illuminati, and other shadowy groups. At some point, the Germans either discovered abandoned alien technology or made contact with extraterrestrial explorers (variously described as Greys or Reptilians). They learned or were taught how to replicate the alien technology, and used it to begin developing a number of super weapons including an advanced aircraft called an antigravity-disk, or flying saucer. While many of these weapons were not ready for use in World War II, the base and the ability to manufacture these weapons might still exist and the Germans/aliens/some cult or secret society (depending on which conspiracy theorist you ask) will eventually launch a New World Order from it.

Survey Says: From December 1938 to April 1939, the Germans really did carry out an exploratory expedition to the western part of Queen Maud Land. Instead of a large-scale scientific and military operation, though, it consisted of one ship, the Schwabenland, and its goal was to scout new territory for the expanding German whaling industry. Further expeditions were planned, and while theres no mention in German documents of any intention to establish a base, the future trips where one could have been built were quickly cancelled with the outbreak of World War II. After this first expedition, there was no of?cial German activity in Antarctica until 1959, when several Germans joined a Russian expedition. Even if they had wanted to, its not likely that the Schwabenland crew could have built even a small base, let alone one the size of a small city. The expedition, according to the ships logs, was only near the coast for a month. Summerhayes and Beeching figure it would have taken the Germans ten days to walk from the boat to the supposed site of the base and another ten to get back, leaving them less than ten days to build an entire base. Other polar expeditions of the era are known to have taken twice that long to build even small huts.

OPERATION TABARIN: SAS VS NAZIS

The Story: While Great Britain was claiming the South Shetland, South Orkney and other islands between Antarctica and South America, they decided they needed a permanent presence in the area to monitor Nazi activity in Antarctica, Argentina and Chile. A secret military exercise, Operation Tabarin was launched by the Royal Navy, and established bases throughout the islands and on the Antarctic peninsula. Eventually, the Germans discovered the British base on the peninsula and attacked it in the summer of 1945. The base was under siege for months, until the SAS arrived around Christmas and rescued it. Survey Says: For one thing, by the summer of 45, Hitler was dead and the Germans had surrendered to the Allies. For another, the SAS was disbanded in October, and wasnt reestablished until a few years later. British documents also suggest that Operation Tabarin was neither as large nor battle-ready as the stories say. Deterrence and spying were not stated goals, and most of the activities were scientific. The base crews consisted mainly of wireless radio operators and government scientists, with very few combat-ready infantrymen. The largest crew, at Hope Bay, consisted of only 13 people, hardly a force that could repel the Germans for almost six months.

HITLERS GREAT ESCAPE

The Story: Two months after the German surrender, a German U-boat, U-530, entered the Argentine naval base at Mar del Plata after escaping from Germany with Hitler, Eva Braun and high-ranking Nazi and SS officials on board and dropping them off at the German Antarctic base. An alternative theory says that the U-boat U-977 had been ferrying Hitlers ashes, which were placed with other Nazi treasures packed in bronze, lead-lined boxes in the Antarctic city-base. Survey Says: By 1945, Argentina had declared war on Japan and Germany after years of neutrality and friendly enough relations with the Germans. When the U-boat arrived, the captain thought his crew would be well-received, but they were taken as prisoners of war and interrogated by the Argentines, the Americans and the British. The interrogators from all three countries concluded that the appearance of the submarine in the area was coincidentalHitler was not on board. Summerhayes and Beeching also consider the dates of U-530s departure from Germany and arrival in Argentina, a U-boats travel speed, and the weather conditions during the summer of 1945, all of which suggest that neither U-boat could have gotten Hitler or his remains to Antarctica. U-530 would not have had time to stop there on its journey, and either U-530 or U-977 wouldve had to dive deeper and longer under sea ice than they were capable of to reach Antarctic coastal land.

THE BATTLE OF ANTARCTICA: OPERATION HIGHJUMP, UFOS AND SECRET NUKES

The Story: When the British failed to expel the Germans from Antarctica, the U.S. launched Operation Highjump in 1946 to destroy the German base. The ground and air forces were fought back by Germanys flying saucers, and the base was finally obliterated by three nuclear bomb strikes. The flying saucers that ha ve been sighted in the U.S. since then are Nazi spy craft, which are making preparations for the launching of the Fourth Reich under the control of what neo-Nazis call the Last Battalion, a Nazi government holdout operating in Antarctica or another remot e part of the world. Survey Says: Operation Highjump did happen, and it was the largest expedition ever sent to Antarctica. It had nothing to do with the Germans, though, as they had already surrendered, and everything to do with Americas Soviet allies. America saw the Soviet superpower as a potential threat and, on the eve of the Cold War, decided that the military ought to be prepared for warfare in extremely cold conditions in case combat erupted in Russia. Highjump was launched to train personnel and test equipment in very low temperatures and deep snow, to practice the building of bases, camps and air fields in snow and on ice, and to establish U.S. sovereignty in the region before the Soviets could. It was just one of several exercises to prepare for possible war with the USSR, and other, similar operations took place in Davis Strait, Northern Canada and Greenland. Antarctica was picked as the site not because of possible German holdouts, but because Highjump was the largest of these operations and the U.S. wanted to avoid the diplomatic fallout that might follow a full scale naval exercise closer to Soviet borders. If a German base in Antarctica was the real target of Operation Highjump, its planners were lacking some very basic map-reading skills. By all accounts, the supposed Nazi cave base was under Queen Maud Land somewhere, but Highjump was based on the Ross Ice Shelf on the opposite side of the continent. Military-made maps and Navy reports show where every plane and ship went for the duration of the exercise, and not one soldier even came close to where the Germans were known to have explored. None of Highjumps aims or activities were as secret as conspiracy theorists make them out to be, and there were 11 journalists embedded on the military ships who relayed a total of over 478,000 words back home to their editors, readers and viewers. With all these reporters saw and heard, the Germans were never mentioned.

As for the flying saucer attacks, the case for these UFOs is made solely on a quote from a navy admiral that appeared in a Spanish-language newspaper. The admiral had been discussing the danger posed by a Soviet presence in the polar regions, and how they could potentially launch planes and attack the U.S. and western Europe from the poles. Somehow this got mistranslated (either accidentally or willfully) to suggest that the admiral was talking about mysterious flying objects. Highjump did not lose any planes to fly ing saucer attacks, either. U.S. forces suffered the loss of only one craft during the operation, due to a white out in a snowstorm.

After Highjump was complete, there were three then-secret nuclear explosions in the atmosphere in the southern hemisphere. They didnt occur n ear Queen Maud Land, though, nor even over Antarctica, and they had no military target. Instead, they were detonated at high altitudes over the ocean to study the effects of nuclear explosions high up and outside the atmosphere. American researchers were particularly curious about how a nuclear explosion might interfere with radar tracking, communications, and the electronics of satellites and other ballistic missiles in the event of a large-scale nuclear strike during the Cold War. After the tests became public knowledge, their purpose and location were confirmed by the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organisation in Vienna and the British Antarctic Survey, which had been measuring radioactivity on the continent at the time of the tests and saw no spike in radiation levels during or after detonation.

Read the full text here: http://mentalfloss.com/article/30249/hitler-ice-did-nazis-have-secret-antarctic-fortress#ixzz2PDGZc2xv --brought to you by mental_floss!

Could Nazi Secret Weapons Have Changed the Course of War?

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By KI MAE HEUSSNER (@kheussner)

April 1, 2010

A fleet of long-range bombers meant to destroy the New York Cityskyline. A 1,000-ton tank said to be the largest ever designed. A radio-guided bomb with a success rate 80 times higher than that of its rivals. Those weapons in Adolf Hitler's fantasy arsenal were never fully brought to light, but a National Geographic program airing tonight explores what might have happened if they were. In "Nazi Secret Weapons," a team of military historians and aviation experts use unearthed blueprints and reconstructed Third Reich technology to determine whether some of Hitler's top-secret armaments might have changed the course of war. Under Hitler's heavy hand, the German military developed some of the world's most destructive technology during World War II. But it might have paled in comparison to one of his more shrouded projects, the Messerschmidt 264 bomber, also known as the "Amerikabomber." While no aircraft at the time could cross the Atlantic Ocean without a re-fueling stopover, Hitler wanted to leapfrog aviation technology of his time with the proposed plane.

Courtesy National Geographic

Historian: Hitler Wanted to Fly Over Atlantic to Bomb N.Y.

The four-engine bomber was designed to carry a 6.5-ton bomb load that Hitler hoped could unleash a strike against the continental United States. "The general plan from the Germans was to start in France to fly 4,000 miles over the Atlantic to bomb New York and to fly back to France," Sonke Neitzel, a military historian, told National Geographic. Historians said Hitler became consumed with the project as three prototypes of the bomber were built. Though the German air force targeted factories along the East Coast of the U.S. starting in April 1942, by July 1944 Allied air raids successfully destroyed all the Messerschmidt prototypes. "It was not really a realistic plan," Nietzel said. "It was just a war game in the year '42, and the only person who was really interested to put this forward was Hitler." In the same year, Hitler also reportedly gave orders to construct a tank code-named "The Mouse." Despite its humble name, the tank weighed about 190 tons. And it was dwarfed in comparison to another one of Hitler's pet projects -- the Landcruiser P-1000, code-named "The Rat."

Engineer: The Rat Tank Would Have Had 'Tremendous Killing Power'
Considered by some to be the largest tank ever designed, the Rat was supposed to weigh 1,000 tons and extend 114 feet in length. "The Ratte-tank had such a large diameter projectile that its destructive force would have been absolutely enormous: many, many feet of concrete, tremendous blast, tremendous killing power," engineer Peter Robbins told National Geographic. But the mega-sized marvel had one mega-sized drawback: mobility. "You can't go down roads with it, and you can't go over bridges with it," Robbins said. "And it might be able to go through a river, but who knows if it had enough displacement, positive displacement, positive buoyancy to stay on the surface and get across the river without becoming a submarine, so I think in reality it was more of a dream than everything else." Germany's minister of armaments at the time reportedly put an end to that dream, deciding it wasn't the best way to use dwindling resources. But some of Hitler's dream technology did actually find its way into reality. And some think that one of his most powerful bombs, the Fritz X bomber, might actually have had historychanging potential

Could Nazi Secret Weapons Have Changed the Course of War?

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April 1, 2010

The Fritz X precision bomber, which, according to prototype testing, had a success rate 80 times higher than other free-falling bombs of the time, was first used in combat in 1943.

Could Fritz X Bomber Changed Course of War?

In September of 1943, the radio-guided bomb was used against one of the biggest battleships in the Italian navy, the Roma. In just 35 minutes, after two direct hits, the ship sank, bringing 1,200 sailors down with it. A couple of days later, Hitler turned his attention to the U.S. Navy, targeting the USS Savannah, a cruiser used for U.S. landings in Southern Italy. But instead of downing the ship, the bomb did something else. "The Fritz X actually came down and penetrated the roof of the number three gun turret," Steve Wiper, a naval historian, told National Geographic, "and actually glanced off the breach of the centre gun of that turret, and continued down through the handling spaces, and actually exploded in the magazine as it exited the bottom of the warship, which was actually a very lucky thing for Savannah, because had it been contained within the magazine and the magazine completely detonated, this definitely would have broken the ship in half." In subsequent documented cases, the bomber's power was so extreme that it rammed right through the ship, exploding only upon exit or in the water. The phenomenon led some military historians to wonder if the bomber suffered from a technical imperfection or if was truly too powerful for its time.

Courtesy National Geographic

Team Tests Fritz X Bomb in Calif. Desert

In an attempt to resolve the debate, Holger Bull, a model maker of life-size World War II weaponry who lives in Germany, partnered with American aviation experts to reconstruct the Fritz X bomber and test it in a privately owned, unoccupied part of California's desert. After reconstructing the Fritz X, including the bomber's internal electronics, Bull and Wiper teamed up with Chino, Calif.-based Aero Trader, which owns several World War II aircraft. After Bull and Wiper transported two Fritz X replicas to their airfield, the German-American team figured out how to load them onto a B-25 aircraft. Though the Fritz X warhead was not filled with explosives, the team designed an experiment to figure out the ballistics and destructive power of the reconstructed Nazi bomb. They drew an outline in the desert of the Roma battleship, which was more than 780 feet long and more than 100 feet wide, and then tried to drop the Fritz X replicas on to the target, one at a time. Though the crew missed their target by a few dozen yards, the experiment was hailed as a success. The force of the bomb's impact suggested that the destructive power of the Fritz X was too much for the battleships of World War II, National Geographic said.

According to one team member's calculations, the bomb hit the ground traveling about 290 mph. After the collision, seven feet of the bomb's total length of 11 feet were buried underground. "When the bombs dropped from the aircraft, they performed exactly as the originals did, and as they came down in their arch, it was like watching a movie of the real thing -- except we were there to live it ourselves, and that was just fantastic," said Wiper. National Geographic Channel's "Nazi Secret Weapons" premieres Thursday, April 1, 2010 at 9 p.m. ET/PT. For more information, .

Die Glocke
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see The Bell (disambiguation). For Schiller's poem "Das Lied von der Glocke", see Song of the Bell. Die Glocke (German for "The Bell") was a purported top secret Nazi scientific technological device, secret weapon, or Wunderwaffe. First described by Polish journalist and author Igor Witkowskiin Prawda o Wunderwaffe (2000), it was later popularized by military journalist and author Nick Cook as well as by writers such as Joseph P. Farrell and Jeremy Robinson. Farrell, and others such as Peter Levenda, associates it with Nazi occultism and antigravity or free energy research.[citation needed] According to Patrick Kiger writing in National Geographic, Die Glocke has become a "popular subject of speculation" and a following similar to science fiction fandom exists around it and other alleged Nazi miracle weapons of Wunderwaffen.[1] Mainstream reviewers such as former aerospace scientist David Myhra express skepticism that such a device ever actually existed.[2][3][1]
Contents
[hide]

1 History

2 Description

3 Supposed whereabouts

4 In popular culture

5 See also

6 Notes

7 References

8 Further reading

o o

8.1 Literature

8.2 Documentaries

9 External links

[edit]History

Discussion of Die Glocke originated in the works of Igor Witkowski. His 2000 Polish language book Prawda O Wunderwaffe (The Truth About The Wonder Weapon, reprinted in German as Die Wahrheit ber die

Wunderwaffe), refers to it as "The Nazi-Bell". Witkowski wrote that he first discovered the existence of Die Glocke by reading transcripts from an interrogation of former Nazi SS Officer Jakob Sporrenberg. According to Witkowski, he was shown the allegedly classified transcripts in August 1997 by an unnamed Polish intelligence contact who said had access to Polish government documents regarding Nazi secret weapons.[3] Witkowski maintains that he was only allowed to transcribe the documents and was not allowed to make any copies. Although no evidence of the veracity of Witkowski's statements have been produced, they reached a wider audience when they were retold by British author Nick Cook, who added his own views to Witkowski's statements in The Hunt for Zero Point.[4]
[edit]Description

Allegedly an experiment carried out by Third Reich scientists working for the SS in a German facility known as Der Riese ("The Giant")[5] near the Wenceslaus mine and close to the Czechborder, Die Glocke is described as being a device "made out of a hard, heavy metal" approximately 9 feet wide and 12 to 15 feet high having a shape similar to that of a large bell. According to Cook, this device ostensibly contained two counter-rotating cylinders which would be "filled with a mercury-like substance, violet in color. This metallic liquid was code-named "Xerum 525" and was otherwise cautiously "stored in a tall thin thermos flask a meter high encased in lead".[6] Additional substances said to be employed in the experiments, referred to as Leichtmetall (light metal), "included thorium and beryllium peroxides".[6] Cook describes Die Glocke as emitting strong radiation when activated, an effect that supposedly led to the death of several unnamed scientists[7] and various plant and animal test subjects.[6] Based upon certain external indications, Witkowski states that the ruins of a metal framework in the vicinity of the Wenceslas mine (aesthetically dubbed "The Henge") may have once served as test rig for an experiment in "anti-gravity propulsion" generated with Die Glocke;[8] others, however, dismiss the derelict structure as simply being a conventional industrial cooling tower.
[edit]Supposed

whereabouts

Witkowski's statements along with Cook's views prompted further conjecture about the device from various American authors, including Joseph P. Farrell, Jim Marrs, and Henry Stevens. Farrell says that the device was considered so important to the Nazis that they killed 60 scientists that worked on the project and buried them in a mass grave.[9] In his book, Hitler's Suppressed and Still-Secret Weapons, Science and Technology (2007), Stevens states that Die Glocke contained red mercury[10] and describes stories alleging that a concave mirror on top of the device provided the ability to see "images from the past" during its operation.[11] Witkowski stated that Die Glocke ended up in a "Nazi-friendly South American country". Cook, on the other hand, states that it was moved to the United States as part of a deal made with SS General Hans Kammler. Farrell stated that it was recovered as part of the Kecksburg UFO incident.[12] This last theory was dramatized in 2009 by The Discovery Channel and again in 2011 by The History Channel's Ancient Aliens series.

[edit]In

popular culture

The books Black Order by James Rollins, 2005, Swastika by Michael Slade, 2005, The Shadow Project by Scott Mariani, 2010, and Echo of the Reich by James Becker, 2012, have Die Glocke as their central theme. The horror/action movie Outpost, in which a group of mercenaries are hired to retrieve "The Bell" from an abandoned bunker. The song Die Glocke by Cage, 2009, in the album Science of Annihilation also deals with this subject. Several video games also make use of Die Glocke. One video game Call of Duty: World at War, included in the Nazi Zombies level "Der Riese" for Map Pack 3 as teleporters. There is also an electric super weapon in Nazi Zombies called the "Wunderwaffe DG-2," originally found in the level "Shi no Numa" for Map Pack 2. It was capable of killing multiple zombies with one shot (the electricity arcs between several at one time.) The "DG" stands for Die Glocke. A Henge like structure known as the "Fly Trap" is also included. Another video game Call of Duty: Black Ops, The Hardened and Prestige editions, along with the Rezurrection Map Pack, featured "Der Riese", along with the other World at War zombie maps as an exclusive. The map "Kino der Toten" also features the MDT (Multi-Dimensional Teleporter) on stage in the theater. Based on the comic strip that appears while the map loads as well as many other backstory clues, Die Glocke is capable of teleportation and time travel moving the original characters from World at War from 1945 to 1960. In a third video game, Iron Sky: Operation Highjump, the prequel to the movie will feature many references to obscure and occult technologies attributed to the Nazis.
[edit]See

also

Nazism and occultism Nazi UFOs

[edit]Notes

1.

^ a b Kiger, Patrick J. "Nazi Secret Weapons". National Geographic. Retrieved July 23, 2010.

2.

^ Cook 2001, p. 267

3.

^ a b Farrell 2006

4.

^ Kleiner, Kurt (Wednesday, January 5, 2011). ""The Hunt for Zero Point" by Nick Cook". Salon.com. Retrieved 5 January 2011.

5.

^ Stevens 2007, p. 249

6.

^ a b c Cook 2001, p. 192

7.

^ Cook 2001, p. 193

8.

^ Cook 2005, UFO's: The Secret Evidence telecast

9.

^ Farrell 2007

10.

^ Stevens 2007, p. 250

11.

^ Stevens 2007, p. 251-252, 255

12.

^ Farrell 2004, p. 335

[edit]References

Cook, Nick (2001). The Hunt for Zero Point: Inside the Classified World of Antigravity Technology . Century. ISBN 978-0-09-941498-8.

Cook, Nick (Writer) (2005). UFO's: The Secret Evidence. Oxford Film & Television Production/Channel 4.

Cook, Nick (Writer/Narrator) (2006). An Alien History of Planet Earth. History Channel. Farrell, Dr. Joseph P. (2004). Reich of the Black Sun: Nazi Secret Weapons and the Cold War Allied Legend. Adventures Unlimited Press. ISBN 1-931882-39-8.

Farrell, Dr. Joseph P. (2006). The SS Brotherhood of the Bell: The Nazi's Incredible Secret Technology. Adventures Unlimited Press. ISBN 1-931882-61-4.

Farrell, Dr. Joseph P. (April 15, 2007). Interview with Red Ice Creations radio. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBHK-_OX5yo.

Kleiner, Kurt (August 5, 2002). ""The Hunt for Zero Point" by Nick Cook". Salon. Stevens, Henry (2007). Hitler's Suppressed and Still-Secret Weapons, Science and Technology. Adventures Unlimited Press. ISBN 1-931882-73-8.

[edit]Further

reading

In chronological order:
[edit]Literature

Witkowski, Igor ((2000)[citation needed]). Prawda O Wunderwaffe (in Polish). Witkowski, Igor; Bruce Wenham (translator) (2003). The Truth about the Wunderwaffe. Books International Militaria. ISBN 83-88259-16-4.

Stevens, Henry (2003). Hitler's Flying Saucers: A Guide to German Flying Discs of the Second World War. Books International Militaria.

Farrell, Dr. Joseph P. (2008). Secrets of the Unified Field: The Philadelphia Experiment, the Nazi Bell, and the Discarded Theory. Adventures Unlimited Press. ISBN 1-931882-84-3.

Marrs, Jim (2008). The Rise of the Fourth Reich. William Morrow & Company. ISBN 0-06-124558-5. Farrell, Dr. Joseph P. (April 2009). The Philosopher's Stone: Alchemy and the Secret Research for Exotic Matter. Feral House. ISBN 1-932595-40-6.

Farrell, Dr. Joseph P. (15 March 2009). Nazi International: The Nazis' Postwar Plan to Control Finance, Conflict, Physics and Space. Adventures Unlimited Press. ISBN 1-931882-93-2.

[edit]Documentaries

Cook, Nick (Narrator and Writer) (1999). Billion Dollar Secret. Discovery Channel.

Cook, Nick (Researcher) (February 2005). "Area 51". Unsolved History. Episode 47. Discovery Channel.

Nazi UFO Conspiracy. Discovery Channel. November 24, 2008.

links

[edit]External

Google Maps location of the Henge/Fly Trap/Wenceslas Mine

from Rense Website

The Ho-IX Maximum Speed 600+ mph

Kenneth Arnold and his drawing of what he saw in 1947

Hi-Tech Composite Radar-Absorbing Wings

Flying The Ho-IX In Late 1944

Wartime Notes On The Ho IX

In a speech before representatives of the aircraft industry, Reichsmarshall Goering had announced that no new contracts would be given, unless the proposed aircraft could carry 1000 kg bombs, fly 1000 km/h, and have a penetration depth of 1000 km; penetration depth being defined as the total range. The Fighter Division requested that the aircraft also be fitted with 30 mm machine guns, something that would lessen the machines efficiency as a bomber. We started drawing and calculating without a contract. Our plan was to build two full size prototypes. The initial penetration depth would only be 800 km, since the fuel proof glue necessary for the full wet wing, was not yet available. On the other hand, the smaller fuel load allowed a doubling of the bomb load, so we went ahead and submitted our proposal. A contract was awarded with the demand that the first flight be made in six months! Since the jet engine was not yet ready, the first machine would be a glider. The previously deactivated Air Force Command IX was reactivated, and ordered to proceed with the project. Fortunately, the preliminary work that we did without a contract, put us sufficiently ahead, so the six month deadline locked feasible. There were several reasons for choosing wood as the building material. Duraluminum required more energy to produce; over 3000 KWH, versus less than 3 KWH for wood per ton. The required labor for aluminum production was also much higher; 5000 hr/ton against 200 hr/ton for wood. In addition, aural was difficult to find, and skilled sheet metal workers in short supply. Unskilled workers could easier be trained to work with wood. Typically, a nose rib was built from a triangular piece of spruce, sandwiched between two plywood sheets, all scrap wood. Production time: 10 minutes. After the glue dried, the rib was simply roused out along a master template in less that 5 minutes. The rest of the wing was built in a similar crude fashion, to pave the way for mass production by unskilled workers.

The main box spar contained all cables and control rods, to free the remaining space in the wing for fuel. That, we planned to pump right into the wing itself, without tanks or bladders. To do this, we needed the fuel-proof glue, that could be used to coat the inside surfaces as well. The glue allowed additional gluing to dissolve and adhere to already coated surfaces, which greatly simplified construction. The skin was very thick: 17 mm, all plywood; three times the necessary strength. On the production aircraft, this would be replaced by two 1.5 mm plywood sheets, with a 12 mm layer of sawdust, charcoal and glue mix, sandwiched in between. The charcoal in this much lighter skin would diffuse radar beams, and make the aircraft "invisible" on radar (STEALTH Technology -ed). Finally, should a 20 mm shell explode inside the wing, a relatively harmless hole would result, whereas a metal wing would balloon out and lose its lift. The H IX wing was designed with 3 geometric and 1.5 aerodynamic twist, to give it the desired bell shaped lift distribution with all controls neutral. The Frise-nose on the elevons had proven to be unsatisfactory, so we decided to use blunt nose elevons instead. The sharply enlarged wing root chord served mainly to eliminate the middle-effect. The maximum thickness line (T-4 line) therefore made a sharp bend in the middle, which resulted in the characteristic pointed tail. As this would affect stability, a test aircraft with large aspect ratio, that had the control surface far outside the test area, was needed. The H Vl would serve this purpose, while other preliminary tests were made with a H II and a H III. The H IX V-1 took off right on schedule on March 1, 1944 in Gottingen. The small He 45 towplane barely got off the ground, so test pilot Scheidhauer released, and landed straight ahead, after only a short hop. Five days later, he was off again on a snow covered runway behind an infinitely more powerful He 111. He released at 12000 feet, made an uneventful glide back to the airport, then faced problems during landing when the drag chute did not function. As the end of the runway approached, he retracted the nose wheel, and skidded to a stop with only minor damage. The second aircraft, scheduled to fly three months later, was awaiting its engines, promised in March. Several weeks passed, and then... Disaster! The engines arrived with an accessory section added to the case, making the cross section oval, and the diameter 20 cm greater! No one had bothered to inform us! Now, just six weeks before the first flight, we were faced with the problem of fitting an 80 cm engine into an aircraft with a 60 cm hole in the spar! It meant that the wing would have to be made thicker. To maintain the aerodynamic qualities of our design, we would have to increase the span from 2 2 16 to 21.3 meters, and the wing area from 42 m to 75 m . Such an aircraft would never reach the targeted performance, even with higher engine thrust. We choose instead to do the best we could with patchwork modifications. The wings remained the same. Another root rib was added 40 cm outside the original, making the center section 0.8 m wider. The new airfoil was 13% thicker than before, and the bend in the T-4 line became much larger. The thicker center section lowered the critical Mach number to 0.75, or a maximum speed of 920 km/in. The ratio of movement between the control column and the elevons could be reduced to by the pilot for high speed flight. A small high speed drag rudder was supplemented by a larger one that deployed after the smaller was fully extended. Many parts were scrounged from other aircraft left at the test facility in Gottingen. The nose wheel, for instance, came from the tail wheel of a He 177 heavy bomber. We were even able to use the strut and retract cylinder! The men of Air Force Command IX did their utmost to complete the aircraft before the end of 1944, sometimes working more than 90 hours per week. I remember that Lt. Erwin Ziller made the first flight about December 18th, 1944, but his log book indicates that the first flight occurred on February 2nd., 1945. I am quite sure the first flight of the H IX was also his first in a jet. Our leaders had little concern for such risks.

Satisfied with the initial flight, the Air ministry ordered 40 aircraft to be built by the Goetha Waggonfabrik under the designation Ho-229. It appears that the H IX V-2 had flown three or four times before tragedy struck on February 18th. The many versions of the story have a few things in common. The weather was overcast, the ground soft and muddy. The visibility marginal for a test flight, as Lt. Ziller took off, retracted the gear and disappeared. We received a report that one engine had failed, and that the H IX was returning to Oranienburg. Due to the low ceiling, a shallow approach to the airport was initiated. Since the hydraulic pump was on the dead engine, gear and flaps were extended by the emergency compressed air system. Once down, they could no. be retracted. To maintain his glide slope, Lt. Ziller added power. to overcome the extra drag, and found to his horror that he could "no longer maintain directional control; the fully developed drag rudder unable to overcome the asymmetrical thrust. Rather than lose control, he retarded the throttle to land short of the runway. The aircraft touched down in a field, slid into an embankment and flipped over, crushing its pilot. The US Third US Army Corps reached the Goetha plant on April 14th 1945. Here they found the H IX V-3 intact and nearly completed, and also the V-4, V-5 and V-6 in various stages of completion. The Ninth US Armored Division found the H IX V-1 in good condition near Leipzig. Its fate is unknown. The H IX V-3 was later shipped to USA, and is now in the Smithsonian collection, awaiting restoration. More amazing pictures of the Ho IX

German Secret Technology

UFO Secret History

by Tim Matthews
May 1998

Over the last few months new information has emerged relating to the terrestrial origins of flying saucers. This goes to the heart of modern-day UFO research and because we neither claim that UFOs are of ET origin nor that flying saucer sightings are explainable as evidence of natural phenomena or simply misidentifications of mundane phenomena we are under attack from all sides. Nevertheless, the evidence we have put forward has encouraged many researchers to become engaged in a debate that some people might have hoped had gone away. The fundamental point to make is that, according to a great deal of UFO literature, despite the best efforts of researchers to identify the objects described in UFO reports there remains a hard core, perhaps 1-2%, that are said to represent true or real UFO phenomena. Therefore the evidence suggests that many of this core of 1-2% of sightings relates to structured craft of unknown origin. In this case, I am writing about flying saucers - often quite small, seemingly constructed of some metallic substance - occasionally described as brushed aluminum: Take for example the McMinnville, Oregon, photographs taken by Paul Trent on 11th May 1950. These are some of the best examples of a saucer photograph and extensive analysis has shown that: This is one of the few UFO reports in which all factors investigated, geometric, psychological, and psychical, appear to be consistent with the assertion that an extraordinary flying object, silvery, metallic, disk-shaped, tens of meters in diameter, and evidently artificial, flew within sight of two witnesses. This is very important UFO research which shines new light on this most elusive mystery of the Twentieth Century. Perhaps it is time for a little

demystification. We suspect that flying saucers were developed, to some extent in parallel, on either side of the Atlantic during the Second World War. This realization, or understanding, is becoming increasingly a focus for research even though a long period of time has passed since those developments took place. Our research might be said to represent a small voice of calm within the UFO community, whose increasingly shrill calls for Western governments to come clean about UFOs and aliens tend to obscure the truth about flying saucers. To others, our research is an example of the Federal Hypothesis, that which states that: The answer seems to be that, in the USA at least, UFOs are controlled not so much by an intelligence as by an Intelligence Agency. In the first place, it is certainly not the case the new generation of man-made flying saucer advocates are apologists for Nazism as is suggested by the skeptics who claim that because some nazi saucer researchers are of dubious political persuasion then all subsequent research is invalid. This type of guilt by association is, of course, a rather ineffective way of arguing with the evidence. Secondly, debunkers argue that because some supposed sightings of flying saucers have been explained or that they are explainable then all sightings should be called into question. The reader has seen that there are impressive UFO sightings that clearly relate to structured circular craft and that these have been reported from around the world with a concentration upon the USA - a fact which surprises few researchers. Despite the argument that German scientists had no more advanced technology than the allies, one American was very clear as to the technical achievements of nazi scientists: Major General Hugh Knerr, Deputy Commanding General for Administration of US Strategic Forces in Europe, wrote to Lieutenant General Carl Spatz in March 1945: Occupation of German scientific and industrial establishments has revealed the fact that we have been alarmingly backward in many fields of research, if we do not take this opportunity to seize the apparatus and the brains that developed it and put this combination back to work promptly, we will remain several years behind while we attempt to cover a field already exploited. It is possible to look into the area of German flying saucers without reference to so-called established sources. These authors are often targeted for attack by skeptics and include Allen Harbinson, who has contributed to the subject through his exciting series of Project Saucer novels and the more recent non-fiction paperback Projekt UFO and Renate Vesco, whose research appeared in the late 1960s as a paperback with the title Intercept But Dont Shoot and later as Intercept UFO. Vesco appears to have cooperated with hidden knowledge writer David Hatcher Childress in the production of Man-Made UFOs - 50 Years of Suppression. In addition to these books, which are interesting though imperfect in their presentation (and omission) of the evidence, there are also two books written in the 1970s by Ernst Zundel under the pseudonym Mattern Friedrich which were popular for a short time within the far-right political community and may still be available. Zundel himself is a controversial figure for a number of obvious reasons which include support for anti-Semitic groups, his publication of books and magazines denying the holocaust, and his links with most of the influential neo-Nazi groups in Germany, Britain, the USA and Canada. His most important book on the subject of German flying saucers is entitled UFOs: Nazi Secret Weapons. Despite the fact that Zundel is a character with whom we have little or nothing in common from a political point of view, his espousal of far-right politics neither means that every piece of information in his two books is wrong nor that they should be ignored. It is important to realize that Zundels main purpose in writing and dissemination these books was not primarily an

attempt to advocate the supposed superiority of Nazi technologies but to make a fast buck. In short, Zundel did it for the money, and he has made it quite clear that these publications are, in his view, not to be taken 100% seriously. The skeptics point to Zundel as a major source on German secret projects despite the fact that there are several other books and articles, including primary material, that have no link with such questionable politics. Where we have a situation where skeptics will use any tactic, we can expect them to claim that any use of contemporary German-language material is evidence of apology for nazi war crimes. This is not the case although we do not any longer intend to look over our shoulder every time we mention German pre-war or wartime technology. We research this subject in order to shed new and important light on the fundamental reality of man-made flying saucers. The final point to bare in mind regarding this subject is that the victors of any conflict have a head start in writing the history books and, in the case of the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, burying or spiriting away evidence, documents, plans and blueprints, actual technology and a variety of other materials that the allies did not, and do not, want the public to know about - for a variety of reasons that may become apparent. Despite the fact that the man-made origins of flying saucers are of the greatest implications in terms of our understanding of postwar history, man-made UFO researchers have to some extent been deliberately ostracized and smeared. Nevertheless, a great deal of new information has emerged in recent years and there is still more to come. The suggestion that fifty years after the end of the Second World War new information cannot emerge because this period has been the subject of the most intense scrutiny is an illogical one. For any number of reasons information can stay buried and, beyond mere speculation, we know that files relating to the Second World War remain locked in the deep dark vaults of the Public Records Office in Kew, London. Remember this - records are routinely held for 30 years and can be held for 50, 75 and 100 years after the event. By the time they emerge they may have been altered, edited or sanitized to protect the identity of those responsible for the implementation of policy. One simple example that comes to mind is the emergence in recent years of new and credible information about the German nuclear research program underway during the Second World War. Much of this has been the result of research undertaken by Philip Henshall who has also contributed a great deal to our understanding of advanced German weapons projects through his books on the rocket research facilities at Pennemunde on the Baltic coast. Even before the allies landed in Normandy in June 1944 special groups of language and technical research specialists had been organized in order to recover as much of the technological hardware and research data relating to advanced German weapons. This effort was dedicated to getting hold of much more than data on the V2 rocket - the most obvious and well-known example of German scientific expertise. Already, through an intelligence estimate passed to the allies via a Norwegian source and known as the Oslo Letter, the allies were aware of other weapons under development and in operation by axis powers. These included radio-controlled bombs, huge guns, rocket launchers, new radar systems, longrange bombers and torpedoes. It would seem that they might also have been interested in a circular-wing aircraft withVertical-Take-Off-and Landing (VTOL) capabilities. In short, an early and relatively primitive flying saucer.. In order to make some progress in terms of this research it seems necessary to avoid using the standard sources - Vesco and Harbinson - even though some of their information is valid as we have seen. Other sources are equally intriguing. One source indicates that from the mid 1930s there was significant interest in both Vertical-Take Off and-Landing (VTOL) and circular wing aircraft. This led to a number of designs one of which was the Focke-Wulf VTOL.:

Professor Heinrich Focke was particularly interested in emerging helicopter and autogyro technologies and was involved in the design and production of the FW6, Fa223, Fa226, Fa283 and 284 models during the war. The creation of the jet engine encouraged him to design a propulsion system known as the turbo-shaft still used in most helicopters today. In 1939 he patented a saucertype aircraft with enclosed twin rotors. This was a revolutionary development described as follows: The exhaust nozzle forked in two at the end of the engine and ended in two auxiliary combustion chambers located on the trailing edge of the wing. When fuel was added these combustion chambers they would act as afterburners to provide horizontal propulsion to Fockes design. The control at low speed was achieved by alternately varying the power from each auxiliary combustion chamber. This was by no means the only circular aircraft. Another similar aircraft was the troubled AS6 partly designed by the leading aviation expert in Germany Dr. Alexander Lippisch whose work at the Gottingen Aviation Institute was legendary and whose impact upon postwar UFOs cannot be underestimated. His revolutionary DM series of small triangular aircraft were built and flown in conjunction with students at Darmstadt and Munich Universities (hence the DM prefix) and used rocket propulsion. The plans for these were transported to the USA after the war. His most advanced design was undoubtedly the Lippisch Supersonic Flying Wing which, although never built, strongly hinted at the triangular UFOs of the 1980s and 1990s. The information about the AS6 (V1) emerged in an article written by Hans Ebert and Hans Meier based to a certain extent upon information and a photograph provided by German aviation expert Wolfgang Spate.(Spate was the former Commander of Operational Test Unit 16 during the War and more recently recognized as a leading aviation expert. He served in the refounded postwar Luftwaffe.) The article, entitled Prototypen - Einselschicksale deutchser Flugzeuge, Der Kreisflugler AS6 V1, was included in a the respected Luftfahrt International in 1980. In certain respects the AS6, built by Messerschmidt, was based upon similar thinking as the Zimmerman V173 flying flapjack - designed for use by the US Navy from 1942. The flying flapjack was far more successful and developed at the Chance-Vought works in Connecticut and despite its supposed limitations was a propeller-driven aircraft designed to be flown from an aircraft carrier, hence the need for Short Take off and Landing(STOL) capability. The flapjack was able to fly at low speeds of approximately 40mph. The flight envelope was 40-425 mph and a more advanced version, the XF5U1, was also tested. One other important feature of these circular wings was an early stealth capability. The Horten brothers Reimar and Walter, known for their many successful flying wing prototypes, had developed a composite wing made of plywood held together by sawdust, charcoal and glue intended to absorb radar waves for use in their HlX model. In 1946 Chance-Vought was using a similar technique. A skin called metalite was used in one of its circular wings. Thomas C. Smith, former President of the Woodstream Corporation and a Penn State graduate engineer at the time, reported that he had seen a flying saucer (XF5U1?) taking off vertically from the Chance-Vought facilities in Stratford, Connecticut at the time and that it had used this composite. This was reported last year. This means that the circular wing or flying saucer had a limited stealth capability years before the use of Radar Absorbent Materials was considered for other advanced aircraft. We can certainly dismiss all the nonsense so prevalent in various media on the subject of German flying saucers which relates to the development of circular-wing aircraft as the result of occult or mystical beliefs. The truth is that the circular wing was designed for technical reasons: circular and flying wing designs are inherently stronger and are easier to build.

Whilst it is likely that any information relating to the limited AS6 would have been taken by the allies for examination at a later date it would seem that there is some evidence to suggest that a more advanced jet-powered flying saucer was at least designed, if not built, from around 1943 onwards. The first source is Flight Captain Rudolph Schriever who came forward in 1950 and claimed that he had worked with a small team at facilities near Prague with a view to developing a flying saucer-type vehicle. The Schriever story first emerged in Der Spiegel magazine dated March 30th 1950 entitled Untertassen-Flieger Kombination: A former Luftwaffe captain and aircraft designer, Rudolph Schriever, who says engineers throughout the world experimented in the early 1940s with flying saucers is willing to build one for the United States in six to nine months. The 40 year old Prague University graduate said he made blueprints for such a machine, which he calls a flying top, before Germanys collapse and that the blueprints were stolen from his laboratory. He says the machine would be capable of 2,600 mph with a radius of 4,000 miles, Schriever is a US Army driver at Bremerhaven. This is a most credible story. Schriever claimed that the model built for testing was completed in 1944 with a view to flying it in 1945. Nevertheless, the Russian advance ended any hopes of a test-flight. A 1975 Luftfahrt International report took these claims seriously and noted that after Schrievers death in the late 1950s papers found amongst his belongings had included technical drawings of a flying saucer. Schriever seemed to argue that although a saucer had existed it had not flown. This is contradicted by a possible eyewitness, George Klein. He claimed after the war in an interview, given on November 18th 1954 to the Zurich-based Tages Anzeiger, that he had actually seen a flying saucer test on 14th February 1945 and that the craft had performed remarkably well reaching an altitude of 30,000ft in 3 minutes as well as a high speed of hundreds of miles and hour. Despite the fact that subsequent information leads us to conclude that a jet-powered flying disc was developed at the end of the war Klein spoke of a ray-guided disc. Despite this fanciful claim some of the things he said made more sense. For instance, he claimed that some of the work on the flying saucers had taken place at Pennemunde. Pennemunde was of course the focal point for the development of the A4/V2 rocket. Interestingly, Klein also claimed that the necessary stability for the saucer had been attained through the use of a gyroscope. This is exactly the method used in the later German rockets developed by the Von Braun/Dornberger team. What is more, the entire rocket effort moved to the Mittlewerke underground facilities near Nordhausen in the Harz Mountains. It is claimed, by several other witnesses, that a flying saucer was tested in the vicinity of Kahla In Thuringia in early 1945. The evidence presented above seems to have been taken seriously not only by mainstream magazines and national newspapers in the 1950s but also by the author of Brighter Than A Thousand Suns, Robert Jungk.This is an authoritative and historical account of the development of the Atomic Bomb written by a respected author. The book itself, still available and published by Harcourt and Brace, received critical acclaim from Bertrand Russell, amongst others. A section of text on page 87 of the paperback edition states: The indifference of Hitler and those about him to research in natural sciences amounted to positive hostility.* The accompanying footnote reads as follows: *The only exception to the lack of interest shown by authority was constituted by he Air Ministry [Reichs Luftfahrt Ministirium or RLM, TM]. The Air Force research workers were in a peculiar position. They produced interesting new types such as the Delta [Lippisch and Horten, TM] ..and flying discs. The first

of these flying saucers, as they were later called - circular in shape, with a diameter of some 45 yards - were built by the specialists Schriever, Habermohl and Miethe. They were first airborne on February 14th 1945, over Prague and reached in three minutes a height of nearly eight miles. They had a speed of 1250mph which was doubled in subsequent tests. It is believed that Habermohl fell into the hands of the Russians. Miethe developed at a later date similar flying saucers at A.V Roe and Company for the United States. This use of the original Schriever story is interesting if only because the author felt that the information was good and warranted exposure. Given the nature of the book, we might well ask whether the author had any other information that supported the claims made as to the characteristics of the circular aircraft. It is up to the reader to decide whether these claims make any sense at all and more importantly, how this might affect our understanding of flying saucer history. Until recently, it would have been rather safer and perhaps more sensible to argue that although various prototype saucers existed in whatever form they were never tested. Safety is often the best policy given the shark infested waters of modern-day UFO research. However, thanks to three years of painstaking research by UK astronomy, aviation and photographic expert Bill Rose which included on-site research in Germany, Canada and America we now know a great deal more. Initially Rose felt, like many skeptics, that the evidence for German flying saucer (and UFO) reality was very shaky. Nevertheless, and without reference to the UFO community in his personal quest for the truth, he was able to use his expert technical knowledge to follow up leads and to make significant progress. First of all he was able to discover that Dr. Walter Miethe, whom all sources agree was involved with Schriever, Klaus Habermohl and Giuseppe Belluzzo (an Italian engineer) had been the Director of the saucer program at two facilities located outside Prague. In May 1945, after testing of the prototype had taken place, both Miethe and Schriever were able to flee in the direction of Allied forces. Habermohl was captured by Soviet forces and spirited East where he ended up working on various aviation projects quite probably at facilities located outside Moscow. It would seem that Klaus Habermohl was the man who developed the radial-flow jet engine, described in various articles as a system of adjustable nozzles, of great significance just ten years later. (Radial-flow allowed for VTOL performance and used the little-known Coanda effect.) Rose learned that not only had test flights taken place but that film footage of these had been taken. This had always been rumored and makes perfect sense given the nazi fetish for keeping records on everything. The footage, of good quality, has subsequently been stored in a secure location and shown only to a handful of people. Rose was shown some stills taken from the original film and given his expert photo-technical background concluded, after careful consideration, that this was probably real and historical footage. He calculated that the craft was around half the size claimed in Kleins report. The saucer, rather less contoured and sleek than postwar artists impressions might suggest (and unlike Bob Lazars S4 Sports Model!), was perhaps 75ft in diameter. The saucer was shown in flight above the runway over the heads of a couple of observers. Although this is in itself of the greatest significance other more contradictory evidence has emerged. One of the people that Rose met had good information about the February test flight and was able to confirm that several people had seen the test-flight - as we might expect. It was said that Schriever himself had piloted the test craft. This does seems sensible (and logical) given Schrievers background in the Luftwaffe - although it is at variance with his own account. One can only speculate as to why this may be. It should be pointed out that the performance characteristics of this jet-powered aircraft have probably been exaggerated and although it

might have been technically possible given further research and development to approach supersonic speeds, this was almost certainly not achieved in February 1945. Finally, it seems as if Klein himself was centrally involved in the saucer project and may indeed have had responsibilities for procurement. We know a little more about Dr.Miethe. One of the important pieces of information came in the form of a rare group photograph showing various young German scientists in 1933. The photograph shows Werner von Braun and Walter Miethe. It would seem that these two knew each other well. During the War various lists of wanted German scientists were drawn up. One of these was the Black List used by Counter Intelligence Corps and Combined Allied Field Teams (CAFT) as they moved through Germany from 1944 in order to help them get hold of the important scientific personnel. Dr.von Braun was certainly at the top of the list and if Miethe and he were old friends and had cooperated on early rocket projects, there is little doubt that Miethe would have been a target too. Nevertheless, his work near Prague put him out of reach an d only through Miethes own efforts did the allied teams get their hands on him. The immediate postwar is critical to an understanding of both the myth and reality of flying saucers or UFOs. One thing is for sure: hundreds of nazi scientists as well as intelligence personnel, many of whom had been involved in the abuse of thousands of slave labourers, were transported via Operation Paperclip (so named after the original designation Overcast was compromised). Many of these technical personnel were sent initially to Fort Bliss in Texas. From here they were farmed out, according to their ability and expertise, to the many advanced scientific facilities dotted throughout the USA and Canada. Interestingly, Chance-Vought, builder of both the V173 and XF5U1 prototypes, moved its base of operations to Texas in early 1947. The company seems to have been less than candid at this early stage about the true nature and extent of its involvement in flying saucers. The official story of the demise of the XF5U1 - that there was no interest in developing a propeller driven aircraft from 1948 after the advent of jets - is now in question. It would seem that a jetpowered version using Allison J33 engines was actually test-flown at Muroc Field in 1947. The history books tell us that the propeller-driven version was to be tested here before the program was cancelled. Nevertheless, our understanding of the situation is that technical drawings of the jet-powered version have now surfaced through a series of Freedom Of Information Act requests. Given the overall design of this craft and the many sightings of flying saucers in New Mexico and the Western seaboard in the late 1940s it is safe to concluded that the sightings related to a saucer of terrestrial origin with limited performance characteristics. The best of these are arguably the sightings over Muroc Field reported by serving military personnel on 8th July 1947 and the subject of subsequent internal investigation which revealed that the object seen was disc-shaped moving at around 300 miles per hour. The military witnesses Gerald Neuman and Joseph Ruvolo stated that in their opinion this was a man-made aircraft travelling at only 300 miles per hour and this view was supported by a civilian witness named Lenz. Similar objects were seen - many of them in and around the White Sands Proving Ground where we know for sure that many of the Paperclip scientists were working. It is probable that at this stage people were seeing a US-built circular-wing aircraft and only gradually, in the late 1940s/early 1950s, were German advances incorporated into the overall saucer program. After all, military historians agree that a huge amount of material was recovered from facilities in Germany and it took a great deal of time and effort to collate this. We know both from Gerald K Haines report and from the recently declassified (1995) Air Technical Intelligence Centre report on Project Silver Bug that prototype saucers were actually test-flown (obviously before 1955) in order to determine their usefulness in terms of future dispersed base operations designed to reduce vulnerability to Russian air attack. Hence the

possible use of VTOL aircraft from camouflaged facilities. I also suggest that the sightings reported by military personnel during the 1952 Operation Mainbrace may have related to a similar flying saucer prototype. It seems to me that such a major exercise would offer an excellent opportunity for testing and evaluation. Given that we now believe that Klaus Habermohl designed the first radial-flow engine, a revolutionary development by any standards (even today) in 1943, it is likely that within a few years progress had been made although the advanced nature of the engine made only for slow progress. The incorporation of a radial-flow engine using the Coanda Effect in combination with a circular wing made this a weapon worth keeping secret. The jet-powered circular wing and the Silver Bug craft were two out of three variations upon a theme. There were two Silver Bug prototypes, Projects Y and Y2, the first using a standard axial flow engine, the second the more advanced type. Project Y was also designated P724 (P being the AV Roe Company project number) and was in fact a hybrid saucer/AVRO Arrow (the Arrow was an advanced supersonic aircraft cancelled in the early 1960s supposedly after the US pressurized on the Canadian government). The existence of projects beyond the limited Avrocar adds further weight to the suggestion that Avrocar was little more than a cover for much more advanced aircraft. Let us be quite clear on this point: Both Projects Y and Y2 were separate and distinct from the Avrocar and in fact the evidence further suggests that the craft test-flown near Prague in February 1945 was actually more advanced! It is interesting to note that proponents of the extra-terrestrial hypothesis tend to use the failed Avrocar program as evidence that flying saucers must be of ET origin. We must now dismiss such misleading conclusions. On a separate note and in view of the suggestion that underground facilities have been built in the postwar period it now seems that in certain cases these were used to house small numbers of flying saucer-type aircraft. This is not to say that they were located in the wilds of Canada but more likely within the White Sands Proving Ground and later on or near the Groom Lake facilities in the Nevada Desert. Whilst the man-made reality of flying discs has been hijacked by Bob Lazar, John Lear and a generation of US Ufologists, it seems as if the remote nature of Groom dry Lake bed was considered both with flying saucers and the U2 spyplane in mind. There is no doubt that all kinds of weird and wonderful aircraft are tested from Groom Lake but in terms of flying saucers it seems as if they may have arrived in 1959/60. The facilities there, although home to secret CIAand possibly National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) aircraft have primarily been operated as US Air Force Flight Test Centre Detachment 3 (AFFTC Det 3). AFFTC is headquartered at Edwards Air Force Base, formerly Muroc Field. It is vital for the reader to understand that Silver Bug, Project Y and in fact all the saucer programs we now know about had very strong links with the US Air Force. In fact, Dr.Miethe worked primarily for the USAF even though he was sub-contracted to AVRO - possibly as a cover for the real efforts underway in the USA whereby the design work was undertaken in Canada and the majority of test flights within US borders. Having said that there was a mention of Canadian saucers made in several newspaper articles and books in the early 1950s. Even Donald Keyhoe notes a conversation with an informed source on this subject in his populist Flying Saucers From Outer Space (1953). More interesting was an article featured in Look magazine dated June 14th 1955 (Volume 19) which featured a design study for a flying saucer produced by Thomas Turner, a British aeronautical engineer with Republic Aviation Corporation. It would seem that Turner might have had some knowledge of Silver Bug if only because his proposal for a flying saucer was almost exactly the same as the ATIC aircraft. In addition Turners proposal includes use of the Coanda effect and the placing of a pilot in a prone position in order to allow for high acceleration and quick turns. Both these would seem to come from an understanding of German projects the skeptics deny existed. Other notable features of the article include the use of language, for instance the

following which reminds us of the introduction to the Project Silver Bug report: Future airports built for vertically rising flying saucers would have no need of the long, vulnerable runways todays fighters require. The comple te operation could go underground. Tunnels with take-off shafts set into the ground, complete with maintenance bays, fuel and crew quarters, would be bombproofed shelters for a saucer squadron. The shafts would be sealed after takeoff for camouflage and protection. This sounds rather like the need for dispersed base operations discussed in the Silver Bug document. I further suggest that we now have a possible primary source for Renate Vescos insistence that flying saucer bases were situated in the wilds of Canada in a remote area of British Columbia. A picture of such a saucer base is shown in the article and reproduced in this report. The quality is not that good: The article quoted Brigadier General Benjamin Kelsey (Deputy Director, Air Force Research and Development) who commented that a major problem was the existence of longer runways for the modern fighter and how these were vulnerable and might be destroyed through a single crippling enemy strike. Hence the need for VTOL operations. The article included above is of the utmost importance: in the mid-1950s at the same time that both the US Air Force and CIA were attempting to play down the significance of flying saucer and UFO reports there is substantial evidence to suggest that design teams were building and testing flying saucer prototypes. Although it has proved difficult to find out about the reality or otherwise of a separate saucertesting facility situated at Papoose Lake within Area 51 Bill Rose has been given information that this was the HQ for much saucer prototype testing and that several accidents and crashes resulted from use of early radial-flow engines. More recently the unusual story of archeologist and historian Jerry Freeman emerged in a series if article published in the well-known Las Vegas Sun newspaper. Simply stated, Freeman wanted to find evidence of a 19th Century pioneer wagon train known as the lost 49ers. Unfortunately for him, and for history, their remains lay within the boundaries of Area 51! Undeterred, Freeman decided to go on an expedition into the twilight zone and after several days reached Papoose Dry Lake. He saw a security vehicle in the exact same place that the claimed S4 facilities were hidden and also thought that he saw come sort of door opening in the rock face. It is possible, that electrogravitic systems have been tested both at the Papoose and Groom Lake facilities. It might be sensible, at this stage, to note the existence of several texts on the question of future propulsion systems for flying discs written in the 1950s. One of these, entitled Electrogravitics Systems mentions a research project called Project Winterhaven undertaken in 1952 in order to validate Thomas Townsend Browns Biefeld-Brown effect. The report in question makes for fascinating reading and states that: Using a number of assumptions as to the nature of gravity, the report postulated a saucer as the basis of a possible interceptor with Mach 3 capability. Creation of a local gravitational system would confer upon the fighter the sharp-edged changes of motion typical in space. And that: Glenn Martin say gravity control could be achieved in six years, but they add that it would entail a Manhattan District type effort to bring it about. The reader will perhaps not be surprised to learn that once again this report was kept away from public view for some 35 years by Air Force Aeronautical Laboratories at Wright Patterson AFB! It was declassified and made available through the Technical Library in the early 1990s. Whatever the final truth of the matter, we have done enough to establish that flying saucers grew from separate and distinct German-American projects begun in World War Two. Relatively primitive German discs must have been developed partly because of the failure of the Luftwaffe to defend Axis airfields from allied bombing and the resulting need for VTOL

operation. The V173 that became the XF5U1 and later a jet-powered flying pancake was born out of a US Navy requirement for an STOL aircraft. So why the secrecy? A number of simple answers emerge: firstly the radial-flow engine is still advanced today. It allows for supersonic flight and tremendous VTOL performance. A revolutionary propulsion technology, electrostatics, might threaten the economic status quo. A circular wing offers good stealth capability and effective handling at low speeds. According to the Silver Bug documentation, radial-flow allows for an aircraft to perform a range of staggering maneuvers including flying edge-on - a characteristic noted in numerous flying saucer/UFO sightings. It would seem that even if the most straightforward flying saucer stories are to be believed then these aircraft have been used primarily as high-performance reconnaissance vehicles. The psychological effects of seeing a flying saucer could only be heightened if it was unknown to the observer - an aircraft that did not appear in anything more than pulp fiction tracts about terrifying close encounters with aliens and which was regarded pretty much as a product of science fiction not science fact. Never forget the CIA memorandum circulated in 1952 by Director Walter B.Smith which noted the possible use of flying saucers for the purposes of psychological warfare. There is also the whole, and unresolved, political question of the mass transportation of nazi scientists and their families, some with dubious wartime records, to the USA under the secret Paperclip program. Although the existence of Paperclip was known in the early postwar period the actual shocking details of the deals between victor and vanquished led to great concern particularly by those who survived the horrors of concentration camps and/or forced labour under German occupation. Although Paperclip may have resulted in technological achievements the moral position is certainly open to question. It would seem that the Soviets may have had their saucers too and undoubtedly more is to emerge from the archives there. As a result the US would undoubtedly have been concerned to build the similar and competing aircraft that was Silver Bug. Once again, such Soviet work would have been based upon recovered German, not alien, technologies and there has been some suggestion that the Soviets did indeed develop flying saucers. Jan Aldrichs Project 1947 has sought to collate information about early flying saucers sightings and media reports. One of these reports may have originated via Project Wringer, a postwar effort tasked with interviewing military, industrial and other personnel of former Axis countries, Prisoners of War held in the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc nations or displaced persons with intelligence or military information. Jan Aldrich found the following report whilst undertaking research at the US National Archives:

10. SOURCE: EP 134892, Rpt. No. 5418-47758

dated 19th January 1954. Date of Observation: May 1953. Preamble: During his internment in PW camp #1 in STALINGRAD (48/42N 44/30E) SOURCE ????? some ???? of general interest and ??? allegedly observed a couple of flying saucers. SOURCE was always interned in the camp. He understood a little Russian. Flying saucers: SOURCE emphasized that he had never seen or heard anything of flying saucers before he observed two of them on a dusty morning over Stalingrad in May 1953 when he was on guard within the camp. He observed them in a rather high altitude flying fast in one direction, one following the other. Thinking they had something to do with scientific research of Russia he forgot about his observation until he came back home in Oct.1953 and saw designs of flying saucers in West European magazines. He could not provide further details. It is difficult to know what to make of such reports except to point out that they

were taken seriously by operatives within the intelligence community. In fact, all the evidence we have - some of which is included in my forthcoming book entitled UFO Revelation - is that in the early 1950s there was a reorientation of thinking relating to flying saucer sightings whereby the CIA, particularly, chose to concentrate upon attacking the veracity of flying saucer reports by doubting the credibility of the witness. At the same time, the Agency knew, as Haines admits, that saucer prototypes were under construction. Study of the many CIA documents made available through FOIA requests indicates that the CIA was misleading the public. The Agency often directed requests for information on flying saucer sightings to the Air Technical Intelligence Centre (ATIC) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Whilst both the Agency and ATIC were claiming that they were unable to determine the origin of flying saucers ATIC/WADC were working upon Silver Bug - and maybe more besides. In addition to this,Project Grudge had recently been downgraded (March 1952) and redesignated Blue Book and this was headquartered at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base!!. In any case Blue Book investigators were unable to explain away some 701 of 12,918 sightings they investigated. Project Blue Book was downgraded through the 1950s to the stage where there was only a handful of personnel working on UFO sightings. In fact, according to David Jacobs, the downgrading took place after September 1953 and went hand in hand with Air Force regulation 200-2 which stated that local Air Force base commanders could only discuss sightings if they had been solved and that any others should be classified. Jacobs also notes that February 1955 (Silver Bug was released from ATIC-WADC on the 15th February) was of significance because ATIC sought to explain away as many sightings as possible and to leave no unsolved cases. Project Blue Book Special Report Number 14 , dated May 5th, 1955 and release in October determined that: On the basis of this study we believe that no objects such as those popularly described as flying saucers have overflown the United States. We now know that this was a lie: CIA officials knew that the British and Canadians were already experimenting with flying saucers. Project Y was a Canadian-British-US developmental operation to produce a non-conventional flying-saucer-type aircraft, and Agency official feared that the Soviets were testing similar devices. The downgrading and the debunking of UFO reports was deliberate and took place at exactly the same time that the US was working upon advanced flying saucers. Once this is understood and established the official attitudes towards flying saucer sightings make more sense. Secrecy, and perhaps even paranoia, appear to have gripped the intelligence community and the USAF. Even now, some forty five years after Silver Bug was test-flown former project workers remain tight-lipped. We can only conclude that silence in this case indicates particularly advanced technologies and the need to keep a lid on the details relating to them. One could easily make a case that the development and debunking of flying saucers was undertaken at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and it is to be hoped that this document will encourage people with information about US saucer projects to come forward. It is up to UFO researchers to reorient their thinking, to come to terms with man-made flying saucer reality and the ongoing cover-up relating to it. The case for man-made UFOs is stronger than ever whereas the evidence for alien flying saucers is wholly untenable. We have introduced here a new line of research and a new perspective on UFO reality. Beyond the fantastic claims and mystification of UFOs by too many UFO researchers the painful truth is that flying saucers were, and are, a tremendous human technical achievement. The truth is that serious research exists only beyond the unfortunate skeptic-believer dialectic.

Surely it is to the military-industrial complex and not the heavens above that we should look for the origins of the flying saucer.

The Ho IX V-2 taxiing for take off

The Ho IX V-2 in flight, February 1945

More On Flying Wings And Saucer-Shaped Craft

Known Disc-Shaped, Triangular, Flying-Wing Aircraft by Charles McGrew
c.1992 by Charles McGrew

We all know about B-2's and F-117's, and could see how they might be described as "diskshaped" if viewed from the appropriate angle. Here's some other information about some similar aircraft from the past. They are presented here merely to show that disk-shaped flying craft are not only possible, but have been built. XB-35 - In response to the possibility of Britain falling in the early stages of WWII, the US Army Air Force began taking designs for extremely long-ranged, heavy-bomb-load aircraft that could fly from North America to Germany and back, carrying 10,000 pounds of bombs. Northrop proposed the XB-35. The XB-35 had 4 engines, each driving two counter-rotating pusher propellers along the same shaft (!). Pictures of the XB-35 look like each shaft has a six-bladed propeller, but its actually two three-bladed propellers -- for a total of 8 propellers. Jack Northrop had been experimenting with flying-wing designs since the early 1920's. In Germany, the Horton brothers (see below) were working on a flying wing as well -- the final designs look surprisingly like the XB-35 (though it had only two propellers). Northrop's first prototype was the N-1M (nicknamed "the Jeep"), which was tested in the Roseman Dry Lake in the Mohave Desert from July 1940-early 1942. It had two pusher propellers, and space for one pilot. Wingspan was 38 feet, and the plane weighed 4,000 pounds. First "public" flight made the newsreels. The wings were altered significantly as testing went on; for instance the "drooping wingtips" were discarded early on. The (only) N-1M stills exists, and has been restored, it is now sitting in a Smithsonian storage hangar, painted its original brilliant yellow. Northrop was contracted by the US Army Air Force Materiel Division to build one XB-35 (wingspan 172'). The N-9M was the first product from the contract, a 1/3 scale (working, though wood-structured, not metal) model with two engines with a 60' wingspan as a test-bed/trainer. It first flew successfully on Dec. 27, 1942. Three other N-9M's were built, and the N-9M test program was completed in Oct. 1944. [The last surviving N-9M is being painstakingly rebuilt by the "Planes of Fame" Museum, in Chino, CA] One of the N-9M's crashed during testing. On June 25th 1946, the XB-35 was at last ready to fly (after a number of difficulties with the propellers) at Hawthorne Field, CA -- the Northrop company field. The '35 was now in competition with what became the Consolidated B-36 as the postwar strategic bomber (interestingly, both planes were pushers.) Its first flight was from Hawthorne to Muroc Dry Lake (later named Edwards AFB) for additional testing.

Attempts to make the propeller system less complex were generally unsuccessful. Northrop decided to replace the props with 8 jet engines, and continue work on the plane, renamed the YB-49. Only 2 XB-35's were ever completed, the second one first flying on June 26, 1947. The Martin Corporation worked on the YB-35 (same basic plane, just built at Martin), and the only YB-35 first flew on May 15, 1948. YB-49 - The power problems of the XB-35 completely disappeared with the jet engines, but unfortunately they reduced the range of the plane such that it could not be thought of as a strategic bomber (mid-air refueling not then being feasible). The second YB-49 produced was the first to fly, flown by Maj. Robert Cardinas, the US Army Air Force test pilot assigned to the Northrop program (i.e. Northrop retained control, but had military test pilots mixed in with their own.) On April 26th 1948, the YB-49 flew 4,000 miles with a 10,000 pound payload, on circuitous route that took it as far east as Phoenix, and as far north as San Francisco. In June, 1948 a YB-49 on a routine test flight crashed (Capt. Glen Edwards, for whom Edwards AFB is named, died in this crash, along with four others); specific cause of the crash was never determined; structural failure was the most likely reason. The military had expressed an interest in a reconnaissance version (with two extra jets) of the YB-49, called the YRB-49, and placed an order for 30. In January 1949, though, this order was cancelled. In Feb. 1949 the remaining YB-49 flew from (now) Edwards AFB to Andrews AFB in record time (just over 4 hours - the record was broken the next day by the XB-47, its medium-bomber competitor, which flew almost 100mph faster). The famous YB-49-over-the-Capitol photos are from this flight. President Truman toured the plane's interior on the ground, and then '49 headed back to Edwards. During the flight, 6 of the 8 engines failed due to an oil failure which has a slightly mysterious history (apparently the oil reservoir had not been filled properly before the flight -- there are hints of sabotage). The YB-49 made an emergency landing at Winslow AZ. Later on in 1949 the last flying YB-49 was destroyed during high-speed taxi tests, when the undercarriage collapsed. In November 1949, the Air Force (the US Army Air Force became the US Air Force on July 26, 1947 -- it changed from the US Army Air Corps to the US Army Air Force on June 29, 1941) cancelled the last part of the YB-49 contract, that of converting the remaining partiallycompleted XB-35's to jet power. The last 11 XB-35 hulls (in varying states of completeness) were rolled out onto the flight ramp outside of the factory, lined up, photographed (a very impressive aerial photograph of them lined up survives) and broken up for scrap. Northrop employees made a last-ditch request to finish the planes in their spare time, which Jack Northrop had to turn down, for fear of jeopardizing further military contracts. (Political shenanigans for government contracts were just as silly back then as they are now, and Northrop was concerned that Stuart Symington, secretary of the Air Force, would look unkindly on Northrop in general if the planes were not destroyed -- Symington was very specific that the YB-49 program not continue. Northrop partisans say that Symington wanted to force Northrop to merge with Convair, for reasons of his own, and was hoping to damage Northrop enough to force the merger. Others say that the expected costs of the YB-49 were sufficiently higher that the XB-57 to warrant the choice of the latter.) (Other WWII-flying-wing ideas from Jack Northrop included the turbojet-powered XP-79 "Flying Ram", a rocket-powered interceptor that was designed to literally slice the tail off of enemy aircraft with its heavily-reinforced wing to knock them down. The XP-79 actually flew (once -- it crashed), along with at least one similar prototype, the (rocket powered) MX-324, which first flew (powered) on July 5, 1944. Another was the JB-1, an unmanned rocket-assisted, turbojetpropelled missile, and the XP-56, another pusher-flying-wing; this time a fighter, with two counter-rotating propellers along the same shaft, which also made several test flights, in 1943 and 1944 one of the two XP-56's crashed in a landing, the other wound up at the National Air

and Space Museum.) Jack Northrop resigned from the company he had built after the YB-49 was cancelled, and left the aircraft industry entirely. In the mid-1970's, NASA sent him a letter that they were reexamining the flying wing idea (also, the YB-49's small radar signature was being taken more seriously by then.) In April 1980, he (suffering now from Parkinson's disease) was given a security clearance, taken to Northrop, and shown a model of the B-2. Makes a nice ending to the story, eh? The B-2 has exactly the same wingspan as the YB-49 (172'). (An interesting sidelight: in the late 1940's Northrop had also made a slick promotional-film campaign to drum up support for the flying wing; this included a film describing a proposed 80 passenger flying-wing commercial jet.) Also, here are some other (lesser-known) planes that appear "disk-shaped" when viewed from one angle or another. (Note that both these aircraft did *not* become operational, for technical reasons.) The Horten Brothers' Wings - in the 1930's and 1940's in Germany, the Horten Brothers, Walter and Reimar, built a succession of flying wing designs which were quite advanced, and on the cutting edge for their day. Their "Ho" series is as follows: Ho I - 1931 - a flying-wing sailplane. Ho II - 1934 - initially a glider, it fitted with a pusher propeller in 1935. Looked very like Northrop's flying wings. Ho III - 1938 - a metal-frame glider, later fitted with a folding-blade (folded while gliding) propeller for powered flight. Ho IV - 1941 - a high-aspect-ratio glider (looking very like a modern sailplane, but without a long tail or nose). Ho V - 1937-42 - first Horten plane designed to be powered, built partially from plastics, and powered by two pusher propellers. Ho VI "flying parabola" - an extremely-high-aspect-ratio test- only glider. (After the war, the Ho VI was shipped to Northrop for analysis.) Ho VII - 1945 - considered the most flyable of the powered Ho series by the Horten Brothers, it was built as a flying-wing trainer. (Only one was built and tested, and 18 more were ordered, but the war ended before more than one additional Ho VII could be even partially completed. Ho VIII - 1945 - a 158-food wingspan, 6-engine plane built as a transport. Never built. However, this design was "reborn" in the 1950's when Reimar Horten built a flyingwing plane for Argentina's Institute Aerotecnico, which flew on December 9, 1960 -- the project was shelved thereafter due to technical problems.

Ho IX - 1944 - the first combat-intended Horten design, it was jet powered (Junkers Jumo 004B's), with metal frame and plywood exterior (due to wartime shortages). First flew in January 1945, but never in combat. When the Allies overran the factory, the almost-completed Ho IX V3 (third in the series - this plane was also known as the "Gotha Go 229") was shipped back to the Air and Space Museum. [Interestingly, the Horten brothers were helped in their bid for German government support when Northrop patents for the N-1M appeared in US Patent Office's "Official Gazette" on May 13, 1941, and then in the International Aeronautical journal "Interavia" on November 18, 1941.] Of course, one other "Flying-Wing-type" plane existed in the German Luftwaffe - Alexander Lippisch's-inspired Me-163 rocket-powered interceptor, and its intended successor, the Messerschmitt P.1111, a turbojet-powered fighter. At the end of the war, Lippisch was engaged

in supersonic-fighter research, models of his "P12" were shipped back to the US for analysis. The "Zimmer Skimmer" (aka "The Flying Pancake") - in an attempt to develop a highspeed interceptor (fast enough to overtake diving enemy planes) to deal with Japanese kamikaze attacks, the Navy asked for bids for such an aircraft in early 1944. (The Chance-Vought F4U Corsair - and the Grummann F4F and F6F - eventually filled this bill more or less, but were hard to land on carriers, for weight and pilot-visibility reasons). Minimum speed desired was 450mph, then-available planes would do only about 400mph. Charles Zimmerman, a research engineer for NACA, had come up with a disk-shaped, two-propeller aircraft idea before the war, which promised to be fast, and have shorttake-off-and-landing ability (which included the ability to hover), which would be useful on aircraft carriers. (Imagine an oblong disk, with a canopy on top near the front, twin rudders and two small aerolons in the rear, and twin booms extending forward from the left and right sides of the disk with a huge counter-rotating propeller on each. The undercarriage was a spindly-looking tricycle arrangement that had the "Skimmer" taxying at about a 40 degree angle. The fuselage was the "wing", but was much thinner and wider than later "lifting body" experiments. Hovering was accomplished by going nose-vertical and, well, just hanging there - such was the power of the propellers. Wingspan approximately 30-40 feet [by my eye].) The V173 (the first prototype version) was built by Chance-Vought. Boon T. Guiten was its first test pilot. Its first flight (November 23, 1942) lasted only 13 minutes, but was entirely successful, and testing continued. One of the later-on test pilots was Charles Lindberg, who was an enthusiastic supporter. In July 1944, the Navy ordered two more "Skimmers" built for further testing, each equipped with significantly more powerful engines (1350hp Pratt and Whitneys -- the V173 was judged underpowered, since its top speed was not up-to-spec). The two new planes were built from "metalite", a composite material made from sandwiching layers of aluminum and balsa wood. These planes were designated F5U's. The F5U's were actually overpowered, and had a clutched gearing system to vary propeller speed in flight. In addition, a geared propeller-synchronizer was also installed. The first F5U was ready for flight in August, 1945 (but was delayed by a lengthy redesign of the propellers). By 1948, an F5U was finally ready to fly, but technology had passed the plane by (jets were already doing 600mph). The F5U taxi'd up and down the runway a couple of times, but never flew. Total pricetag on the project was about $9M. Both 5FUs were scrapped. (The F5U's were intended to be sent to Edwards AFB for testing -- shipped via the Panama Canal; apparently the skimmer's unusual shape would have made ground transport difficult.) [In the mid-1930's the Arup S1, S2, S3 and S4 - looking very like what became the Zimmer Skimmer, but with a single centerline "puller" propeller - were flown as flying billboards and test aircraft.] The Avro (Canada) "Avrocar" was an outright flying saucer. It used three Continental turbojets, turning a central impeller ("turbo rotor") to keep it airborne with downward thrust, with a vane/shutter system to propel the craft in pretty much any direction by venting thrust in any direction desired. It was built to hold two human crewmen in separate cockpits on either side, facing front - total width of the Avrocar was 18 feet, with tricycle landing pads or wheels for undercarriage. It was first proposed in the early 1950's by the Avro company to the Canadian government.

The maximum expected airspeed was originally about 700mph. As Avro worked on the design, expected airspeed dropped to 300mph. By the mid-50's, a very-secret project (unknown to even most Avro employees) was in full swing to build the Avrocar. The blades of the Avrocar turbo-rotor were hollow with internal re-enforcing, and brazed to cement the parts. The first turbo-rotor was tested for 150 hours without mishap. By 1955, the costs of the project had escalated beyond the resources of the Canadian government. The project after that was underwritten by the US DoD (the USAF and Army were both interested.) The Avrocar first flew with a pilot on Dec. 5, 1959 (prior to that, it was tested unmanned). Two were built - one Avrocar was tested out at the Ames research center in

California, the other remained with Avro for testing. Although the aircraft did fly, its ability to rise and top speed was extremely disappointing, mostly due to thrust dissipation in the impeller. The Avrocar was able to clear (small) obstacles without difficulty, but maximum altitude was never more than about 6 feet! The project was quietly closed down. Both Avrocars are still intact, and survive in US museums (not sure which, though). ... curiously, the Avrocar's technology was within a hair's breadth of being successful. Using almost exactly the same propulsion setup, the British developed hovercraft (the first being the British SRN-1) in the early 1960's -basically an Avrocar propulsion system with a rubber skirt, which greatly improved the use of downward thrust. ... in recent years, a one-person "homebrew" version of an Avrocar has appeared (alas, I cannot remember the fellow who built it's name, but he has built a lot of neat flying vehicles, and I've seen film of the avrocar-like vehicle flying). Edmund Doak also was contracted by the USAF to develop disk-shaped airfoil aircraft in the 1950's and 1960's. His last and most promising, the Doak-16, was canceled by the USAF.
[Sources: Documentary "The Wing Will Fly", a 'Wings' documentary on "Strange Planes", and "Winged Wonders", by E.T. Wooldridge, published by the National Air and Space Museum, 1983, "In Search Of" episode "UFO Coverups".]

Return

AN INVENTORY OF NAZI SECRET WEAPONS AND THEIR HISTORICAL PROBLEMATIC

There have been a host of books about Nazi secret weapons, detailing what is an incredible inventory of prototypical and futuristic weapons, from heat-seeking, wire-guided, radio guided, and even television-guided missiles, to tanks so gigantic that they are little more than impractical mobile pillboxes, to claims of the genuinely fantastic:
flying discoid aircraft, or flying saucers, to fuel-air bombs, death rays, particle beams, electromagnetic pulse weapons, wind cannon, and so on. And beyond these, there wer e even more incredible long-range paper studies of nuclear powered aircraft and space shuttles, gigantic solar mirrors in orbit to turn enemy cities and regions to toast, and a host of other paper projects almost too incredible to imagine. Usually dismissed derisively, these claims persisted in the literature, long after Adolf Hitler himself personally mentioned them, in what is usually seen as the demented ravings of a known madman:

We have invisible aircraft, submarines, colossal tanks and cannon, unbelievably powerful rockets, and a bomb with a working that will astonish the whole world. The enemy knows this, and besieges and attempts to destroy us. But we will answer this destruction with a storm and that without unleashing a bacteriological war, for which we are also pre pared. All my words are the purest truth. That you will see!

~Mayer and Mehner, Das Geheimnis, the quotation was overheard by Italian officer Luigi Romersa
Hitlers alleged claims here could easily be dismissed, as well as those of the postwar neo -Nazi sympathizers who first broke the story of Nazi flying saucers, as the farthest thing from the purest truth. Dealing with a known sociopath and genocidal maniac such as Hitler and his followers, it became easy to dismiss such claims especially when there was no corroborating evidence forthcoming. Then Renato Vescos Intercept UFO was published in the 1960 later republished, and then later republished again with additional material by David Hatcher Childress under the title Man Made UFOs 1944-1994: Fifty Years of Suppression.

Vesco, who unlike the neo-Nazi sympathizers who emerged after the war to first tell the story in the West German press provided a host of specifics, such as the names, types of weapons and laboratories and companies conducting the research on these advanced technologies. But again, as Nick Cook was to discover, the trail seemed to lead back to the same few sources, and it became a story impossible to corroborate. [Nick Cook, The Hunt for Zero Point]. Vesco had mentioned the British Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee (BIOS) reports as substantiation for his claims, but those were, at that time, mostly inaccessible, and in addition, researchers had been through all the availableBIOS files with a fine-tooth comb and had found nothing Vesco couched his account of alleged Nazi Fireballs (the so-called Foo Fighters seen at the end of the war), within a tapestry of references to these other advanced missile projects undertaken by the Third Reich. But as researcher Kevin McClure put the case, Vescos technical descriptions of the alleged Nazi devices behind the Foo Fighters sightings were based on pseudo -technical descriptions that originated absolutely and only with Vesco. [ ]

Kevin McClure, The Nazi UFO Mythos, "Renato Vesco, Feuerball and Kugelblitz"

Add to this Vescos claims for fuel-air bombs and the story Vescos detailed references to scientists, companies and laboratories notwithstanding became all too easy to dismiss once again

But then came the German reunification and the resulting declassification of documents by the American, British, and German g overnments. The truth is not merely incredible, but staggering, and it poses host of historical problematics, as we shall see.

A. The Missiles

A Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee (CIOS) report, number XXXII- 125, running to more than one hundred and fifty pages, details not only an experimental model of an additional thrust unit which was to be fastened to either the A4(V-2) or the A- 9 to give an additional range, ["German Guided Missile Research, Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee, G-2 Division, SHAEF (Rear), APO 413, XXXII-125] but also various Amerika Raketeprojects for a guided missile with a range of 3,500 miles. These latter rockets, the report notes, with less than complete reassurance, pro bably never progressed beyond the drawing board stage. But additionally, there was a V- 3 weapon, a larger version of the V1 with an incendiary warhead instead of the (high explosive) normally used. Very little information is available concerning V3 control systems. What, indeed, was this incendiary warhead? A thermite bomb? A fuel-air bomb? An actual atom bomb? The report is unclear.

As if this were not enough, a lengthy section of the report concerns a whole range of guided missiles being developed under the direction of Dr. Wagner for the Henschel firm. These included the HS-293-B, a rocket power glider with a wire guidance system, the HS-294-A rocket powered glider with torpedo that included a special device for blowing off fuselage rear section and wings as soon as body touches water surface, fuselage front section then cruising as torpedo under water, a small quantity of which were built for experimentation between 1941 and 1943!

Sturmtigers of Sturmmrser Company 1002, commanded by Lieutenant Zippel, take on ammunition in preparation for the battle to come in the Reichswald, February 1945. These fearsome monster 38cm rocket projectors could penetrate up to 2.5m of reinforced concrete. Luckily for the Allies only 18 were completed by the Wars end.

There is a strangeness, if not downright implausibility, to military operations and statements of both sides during the last days of WW II. Consider the following Inventory of High Strangeness:

1. Hitler, during a conference with his generals in the Bunker in 1945, made the wild pronouncement, when questioned by one of them as to why the strongest and best formations left to the Wehrmacht were deployed, not in defense of Berlin, but of Prague, that Prague was the key to winning the war. Allied military intelligence also confirmed that the strongest SS panzer formations were deployed in the vicinity of Prague, an order of battle that, on the plain face of things, made no military sense to them, other than, as the Allies own estimates of the situation concluded, that Berlin had

ceased to be an important economic and military target. 2. General Pattons US Third Army literally raced through Bavaria into Bohemia, making a beeline for the famous Skoda armaments works at Pilsen, all but blown off the map by Allied bombing raids. 3. Hitler boasted that Germany would deploy horrendous new weapons that would snatch victory from defeat at five minutes past midnight. 4. The Germans were nearing completion of an enormous airfield in Norway. 5. U-boats departed Germany with secret cargoes, some bound for Japan, others to the South Atlantic, right up to the end of the war. One of these, the U-234, was carrying plans for rockets, jet aircraft, scientists and engineers, and two Japanese military officers, was bound for Japan. When captured by the Americans, the U-boats torpedo tubes were discovered to have been full of metal cylinders that, according to some reports, were lined with gold. Gold lining has but one purpose: to protect from radiation of refined uranium, yet Germany, so the allied legend goes, was nowhere near a functioning nuclear reactor, and therefore, nowhere near enough stockpiling of weapons-grade uranium. Other U-boats surrendered themselves to Argentinean authorities three months after the war, and their captains steadfastly refused to reveal their cargoes or whereabouts for the three months following the German surrender. 6. With respect to the probable use of the cylinders in U-234 to transport refined uranium, it is worth noting that

as late as March 1945, American engineers in the Manhattan project complained that their stocks of U-235 were about half the necessary critical mass for a bomb, after three years of intensive stockpiling and research. So another nasty question for standard looms: where did the other half come from? 7. Curiously, approximately a week before the German surrender, a lone Luftwaffe Ju-390 flew from Norway to within 12 miles of New York City, and then back to Norway, a non-stop flight of over 32 hours. 8. Equally curious is the fact that the American uranium bomb dropped on Hiroshima was never tested. We are implicitly asked to believe the post-war histories that the Americans dropped their one and only supply of an uranium bomb on Hiroshima without having first tested it, an exercise of military folly and incompetence unthinkable at that stage of the war. What is the bomb had not exploded, and the Japanese, eagerly at work on their own A-bomb (and according to one version, within days of testing their own version of it successfully) recovered it? 9. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, what does one make, when all is said and done, of the sudden inability of Heisenberg, Hartek, Diebner, Gerlach, Hahn and others to produce the bomb, especially since Heisenberg was able, within a week of the news of Hiroshima, to come up with an essentially correct estimate of the critical mass of a uranium bomb and the basic design of the bomb itself?

click pic

A lengthy section of the report, from page 139 to almost the end of the report, concerned the development of miniaturized television camera guidance systems for various missiles, including the well-known antiaircraft rocket, the Wasserfall(Waterfall), Many of these tests failed, but by the wars end, a successful test of the television-guided Tonne missile was conducted by German scientists for the Allies in Berlin, with the target being a photograph of a little girls face. The test was successful, much to the impressed, and doubtless shocked, Allied observers. [William Uricchio, "Envisioning the Audience: Perceptions of Early German Television's Audiences, 1935-1944]

To this astounding inventory, one may add radio-controlled surface to air missiles one of which sank the Italian battleship Roma on its way to surrender to the Allies infrared heat seeking air-to-air and surface to air missiles, wire guided missiles and torpedoes, biological and chemical warheads for the V-l and V-2, and possible fuel-air and atomic warheads as well. [Q.v. Friedrich Georg, Hitlers Siegeswaffen, Band 1] In addition, the Heinkel and Messerschmitt companies were undertaking modifications of their He-177 and Me 264 heavy bombers to carry atom bombs. Where were these modifications being made? In Prague. B. Prototypical Stealth (Radar Absorbent) Materials

But Hitlers boast overheard by Luigi Romersa included more than just a prototypes for the smart weapons that would become such staples of the American military for decades to come. It also included a claim to possess invisible aircraft and submarines. Surely this, at least, was fantasy? Not so. There exists a British Intelligence Objectives SubCommittee (BIOS) report entitled Production and Further Investigation of Wesch Anti-Radar Material, CIOS Black List Item 1 RADAR, BIOS Target No. 1/549, whose significance is rather obvious from its title. The

objective of this team was to acquire some 500 feet of this material for secret testing by the British Admiralty. ["Production and farther Investigation of Wesch Anti-Radar Material," British Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee 1/549, Report 132] The report details the production of various RAM materials (Radar Absorbent Material) by the Germans, via techniques that involved shredding and heating rubber, and combining zinc oxide, finely ground iron powder (the powder was ground into micro-spheres), which was all then pressed into sheets, and then transferred to press moulds, trimmed and heated under small pressure. This material was actually used on the hulls of some late Type XXI U-Boats, as well as on U-boat Schnorkel devices, to scatter Allied radar to return distorted or indeed, no radar signals. Yet another type of RAM technology was being studied by the Germans for its effects on electromagnetic wave propagation. The report on this material is cited in full here: Zeulenroda: Measurements were made on materials for absorbing electromagnetic radiation. One of these materials consisted of spiral steel shavings imbedded in paraffin, which was named EISENSPNE. Another material tested was manufactured by I.G. Farben and was called MOLTOPREN. No papers were available on this work but the results were given from memory as shown in appendix B. The purpose of this work was for the concealment of submarines. Submarine stealth was not the only thing the Nazis were after: A large price was offered by the German Government for the development of Schwarzflugzeug /Black airplane a nonreflecting material for use on aircraft.
Type XXI XXI U-boats, also known as Elektroboote, were the first submarines designed to operate entirely submerged, rather than as surface ships that could submerge as a temporary means to escape detection or launch an attack.

German Type XXI U-Boat: Worlds first actual submarine

The Type XXIs had much better facilities than previous classes, with a freezer for foodstuffs and minor conveniences for the 57-man crew such as a shower and wash basin. It was much quieter, and enjoyed a hydraulic torpedo reload system that allowed all of its six torpedo tubes, which were in the bow, to be reloaded faster than a Type VIIC could reload a single tube. The Type XXI could fire 18 torpedoes in under 20 minutes. The total war load was 23 torpedoes, or 17 torpedoes and 12 sea mines. Greatly increased battery capacity, roughly three times that of a Type VIIC, gave these boats enormous underwater range. They could travel submerged at about five knots (9 km/h) for two or three days before recharging the batteries, which took less than five hours on the radar-invisible Schnorkel.

Because of its streamlined hull design, the Type XXI could travel faster underwater than on the surface, albeit only for a limited amount of time. This, combined with longer dive times at reduced speeds, made them much harder to chase and destroy by ASW surface ships. It also gave the boat a sprint ability when German Type XXI U-Boat: Worlds first actual submarine positioning the boat for a line-of-sight torpedo The Type XXIs had much better facilities than attack. Older boats had to surface in order to sprint into position. This often gave the boat away, especially after aircraft became available for convoy escort. Between 1943 and 1945, 118 boats of this type were built by Blohm & Voss of Hamburg, AG Weser of Bremen, and F. Schichau of Danzig. The boats were built faster than earlier types as the hull was constructed from 8 pre-prepared sections which were assembled after being transported from the various factories they were made in. However, Allied mythology says only one, U-2511, had begun a combat patrol by the end of World War II. This was in part a result of the lengthened training process, as the crews had to be trained to operate the new, sophisticated technology.
Most boats were scrapped or scuttled after the war, but eight were taken by the Allies for evaluation and trials. The United States received U-2513 and U-3008, which were commissioned into the United States Navy. U-3017 was commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS-N41, and U-2518 became French submarine Roland Morillot. U-3515, U-2529, U-3035, and U-3041 were commissioned into the Soviet Navy as B-27, B-28, B-29, and B-30 respectively. Those boats influenced new Soviet submarine classes known by the NATO reporting names Zulu and Whiskey, although the Whiskey class was smaller and less sophisticated.

A ninth XXI also saw service after the war: U-2540, which had been scuttled at the end of the war, was raised in 1957 to become the research vessel Wilhelm Bauer of the Bundesmarine. It is the only XXI remaining. This research may have paid unexpected dividends to the German secret weapons research project. In any case, the existence of actual protostealth Schnorkel devices on late war German U-boats attests to the success of some of these experiments. This report also corroborates yet another allegation, often derisorily dismissed by mainstream researchers, that in May of 1945, a small flotilla of the new Type XXI U-boats, with their revolutionary hydrogen peroxide underwater turbine propulsion allowing extraordinary undersea cruising speeds, met, and annihilated, a flotilla of British destroyers. [Q.v. Henry Stevens, The Last Battalion (German Research Project)].

The allegations included the German use of new types of wire-guided, and magnetic proximity torpedoes. At least one corroboration of this strange encounter occurs in the BIOS report: Vierling has heard of electrical homing devices for torpedoes and their firing by a proximity effect. Torpedoes used magnetic fields varying at about 500 cycles per sec. Torpedoes were built by AEG in Berlin. Some work was done also at Gdynia. These torpedoes were reported to have sunk 12 Destroyers in one engagement in Arctic waters.
~Production and further Investigation of Wesch Anti-Radar Material, British Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee 1/549, Report 132].

C. Computers The Allies, as is known, perfected early digital computing machines during the war, which machines were instrumental in breaking the unbreakable German Enigma machines ciphers, but also of incalculable value in assisting the Manhattan Project engineers with difficult calculations needed for the atom bomb. In some rarely encountered but sophisticated versions of the Allied Legend, this constitutes another reason for the German failure to develop truly long range rockets and, of course, the atom bomb. But here too, the declassified reality is quite at odds with the postwar spin.
A computing machine was used at Gttingen for researches in airplane stability and ballistics. Machines could solve equations mentioned in two or three minutes with errors less than 3%. Only one such machine has been made. It uses ordinary vacuum tubes, a multiplying principle and two cathode ray rubes, one of which has a spiral scan. One tube draws the curve which is the solution and the other indicates the complex roots of the solution.

The Gttingen computer, however, appears not to have been the only computer designed and built in the Third Reich. Indeed, since the reunification, reports and actual photographs have surfaced of an enormous, Eniac sized computer built by none other than the Deutsche Reichspost by Konrad Zuse.

The question is, why would the postal service need such an enormous, and expensive, computer?

One reason is such a computer would have been invaluable to the research that Baron Manfred von Ardenne and Dr. Fritz Houtermans were conducting for the Reichspost on the atom bomb, and for running the difficult calculations of neutron free path and cross sections that required. D. The Superbombs Before the curtain of silence and spin came down after the war, a number of small articles appeared in the Allied press about the actual state of German atom bomb research. One of these was an article that appeared in the Evening Standard on August 7, 1945, one day after the Little Boy atom bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. It is worth citing this article in full:
GERMANS TIMED ATOM BOMB FOR OCTOBER The Germans had an atom bomb which would have been ready by October.

A colossal blast effect was claimed for the German bomb. It was said it would wipe out everything inside a radius of six miles, said B.U.P. to-day. The German atomic plans were uncovered four months ago, when an Allied search party walked into a small silk factory at Celle, north of Hanover. A laboratory of two rooms was buried away in the heart of the factory. A famous research scientist was still at work. He was flown to Britain the same day. This man, with others, had been working on the atom bomb for months. The Nazi Government poured out money on it. Apparently they did not expect immediate results. ~Mayer and Mehner, Hitler und die Bombe

There are a number of disquieting things about this article. First, one gains the impression from the report that the laboratory was not even known to the Allies until the factory was occupied. Second, there is already evidence of a spin in the report, as the German program is understood to have been underway for only a few months. But the final and most unusual thing is that its blast effects, some 6 miles radius, or 12 miles in diameter, is far beyond the blast damage radius of even a large atom bomb, much less a fuel air bomb. The only known weapon with this extraordinarily sized blast radius is a fully-fledged hydrogen bomb. Professor Lachner of Vienna maintained that the German atom bombs were deliberately intended by the Nazis to be used as the detonators for hydrogen bombs. But was there sufficient basic theory for the Germans to have thought of the hydrogen bomb at that early stage? It should be recalled that Dr. Edward Teller actually first thought of, and proposed to the Allies, the hydrogen bomb in 1944. 1. The Molecular Bomb: The Hydrogen Bomb?

The idea of a Superbomb was first patented prior to World War Two in Austria, and a modification of the idea was patented in Germany in 1943. [German patent 905.847, March 16, 1943, cited in Mayer and Mehner, Hitler und die Bombe] Its inventor, Dr. Karl Nowak, explained the reason for his invention as being to create a superbomb without the radioactive fallout effects that were evident from atomic and thermonuclear explosions! In other words, the Nazis were already looking past the thermonuclear age toward the creation of second and third generation weapons systems that would give the same offensive and strategic punch but without the side effects! In theory, the bomb is workable, but was way beyond the technological capabilities of Germany, or any other power, in that time period. Basically, the idea was to create a state of matter in which, through ultra-low temperatures approaching absolute zero, matter would be supercompressed. The idea was then to detonate this material, subjecting it to sudden stress and heat, to create a sudden and massive expansion and explosion, and therewith, an enormous, H-bomb sized blast. Thus, there may have been a basis in actual German secret research for the incredible claim of the Japanese military attach in Stockholms 1943 report to Tokyo that the Germans were investigating the properties of super-dense matter for weaponization.

2. The Fuel-Air Bomb

At the small end of the bombs of mass destruction scale, however, there are equally baffling, and problematical, assertions regarding Nazi research into the fuel-air bomb, the only known conventional explosive device with enough power to produce the blast and heat effects of a small tactical nuclear weapon. It goes without saying that todays tactical nuke would have been World War Twos strategic weapon. Once again, the first allegations of this type of bomb did not come with Gulf War One in the early 1990s, but with Renato Vesco. And his claims there, as elsewhere, were quietly ignored. But once again, declassification has verified his assertions, and to an extraordinary degree: Liquid Air bomb As the research on the atomic bomb under Graf von Ardenne and others was not proceeding as rapidly as had been hoped in 1944, it was decided to proceed with the development of a liquid air bomb. Experiments using ordinary powdered coal were not at all successful, but extremely good results were obtained from a mixture consisting of 60% finely powdered dry brown coal and 40% liquid air. The technical man responsible for this work was Dr. Zippelmeier. The first trial was made on the Doberitz grounds near Berlin using a charge of about 8 kg of powder in a thin tin plate container. The liquid air was poured on to the powder, and the two were mixed together with a long wooden stirrer. Kreutzfeld did this himself, and was present at the ensuing test. In an area of radius 500 to 600 meters trees, etc. were all completely destroyed. Thereafter the explosion started to rise and only the tops of the trees were affected, although the intensive explosion covered an area 2 km. in radius. Zippelmeier then had the idea that a better effect might be obtained it the powder was spread out in the form of a cloud before the explosion. Trials were made with a paper container impregnated with some waxy substance. A metal cylinder was attached to the lower end of this container and hit the ground first, dispersing the powder. After a short time interval of the order of 1/4 second a small charge in the metal cylinder exploded and ignited the dark funnel shaped dust liquid air cloud. The bombs had to be filled immediately prior to the departure of the aircraft.

Bombs with charges of 25 and 50 kg. of powder were dropped on the Starbergersee, and photographs of the explosion were taken. Standartenfhrer Klum m kept a photograph of the result and showed it to Brandt (Himmlers personal adviser). The intensive explosion covered an area 4 to 4.5 km radius, and the explosion was still felt on a radius 12.5 km. When the bomb was dropped on an airfield, much destruction was caused 12 km away, and all the trees on a hillside 5 to 6 km away were flat. On a radius of 12.5 km. only the tops of the trees were destroyed. [British Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee, "Information Obtained from Targets of Opportunity in the Sonthofen Area," BIOS Target numbers C 28/8.211, C 25/549, C 6/137, C 30/ 338, C 4/268, C 22/2182, C 21/601].

Several important considerations are worth mentioning here. First, note the truly massive size and area of devastation caused by the relatively small fuel-air bomb, for the area covered by the second test is commensurate with the blast from a large atom bomb: 6 kilometers radius. Second, note that Zippelmeier has had a similar insight to Dr. Nowaks molecular bomb: compression of material and then rapid dispersion over an area prior to detonation. This is only one step short of a modern fuel air bomb with its chain molecules and electrical, instantaneous, rather than slower chemical, detonation. So in other words, regardless of whether or not the Nazis actually detonated atom bombs during World War Two, they did have a weapon of mass destruction as powerful as an atom bomb, and one that did not have radioactive side effects. Moreover, the weight of this bomb, while large, was within the capabilities of existing German bombers to carry. Finally, it is to be noted that this test took place under the direct auspices of the SS, Himmlers representative himself being present for it. And that would place the weapon firmly within the orbit of Kammlers think tank. But possession of a fuel-air bomb by Nazi Germany now raises some important historical problematics. E. The Historical Problematic German possession of even a prototype fuel-air bomb during World War Two causes a number of historical problems, and it is worth considering them and their implications. First, the test of such a device during the war would give lie to the contemporary public history of the fuel-air bomb, since they are only supposed to be the offshoot of American thermonuclear research and dating from the early 1980s. Doubtless, the modern fuel-air bomb is nothing like the early German prototype, with its chain molecules and simultaneous electrical detonation, it is a lighter, and much more powerful device. Second, if the technology existed for such enormous conventional bombs capable of wreaking strategic large scale destruction on the order of small atom bombs, why were untold billions spent on much more expensive atomic and thermonuclear bombs, whose side-effects included deadly radioactivity, and why was the charade continued for so long? The existence of such weapons indicates that at some very profound, and little appreciated, level, the Cold War was a partial sham. Third, the basic idea for such a weapon had, in fact, been explored by Austria (prior to its annexation by Germany), and then subsequently both by Italy and Germany in the years immediately prior to the war. The idea is simple, and the effects obvious. So why did it take this long to obtain the weapon? Or is there a history that has not yet come to light? Given the allegations of the German use of some weapon of extraordinary strategic explosive power on the Eastern Front, it seems likely that some similar type of weapon was already in use. The Zippelmeier test may thus only have been a test, not of the concept itself, but of how large of a weapon could actually be made. The results, as have been seen, were probably beyond even the Nazis wildest destructive dreams. But what do all these fantastic projects indicate about the nature of German secret weapons research? We may draw a number of conclusions from the evidence presented thus far, and in so doing, speculatively reconstruct the mission briefing of the secret weapons think tank being run by Kammlers SS Sonderkommando: (1) Overlapping technologies were to be developed that could be employed in across a wide variety of various weapons systems (Stealth and RAM technology, etc); (2) Every available method for the creation of prototypical smart weapons was to

be pursed (wire, radio, and television-guidance systems), i.e., German technological and engineering competence were to be exploited to the maximum; (3) This technological competence was to be pursued in (then) unconventional ways and combinations to create not only new weapons, but a new doctrine of warfare; (4) The first generation of these weapons were then to be extrapolated upon, and second and third generation technology trees and long range goals mapped out; [5] The ultimate quest was for the attainment of weapons of mass destruction beyond the acquisition of atomic and thermonuclear weapons; (6) Post-nuclear systems were then to be developed ideally, and initial research on those systems undertaken; and finally, (7) Every known theoretical principle of physics was to be pondered and extrapolations for weaponization theorized, and, to the extent possible, experimented upon and utilized. In other words, the Kammlerstabs mission brief was to think outside the box entirely, even if that meant outside the box of Nazi party ideology, or, when it suited it, inside it. The basis was the will to power, by whatever means possible. All these considerations raise a final problematic: President Eisenhower, as he was leaving office, gave his celebrated warning to the American people about the spiritual and cultural dangers of the military industrial complex. With the influx of Nazi Paperclip scientists, many if not most of whom including Dornberger, Oberth, and von Braun were members of Kammlers think tank, this warning by someone in the know must surely be interpreted differently than current standard explanations. Having fought the worlds first military-industrial complex and doubtless seen at least some of its extraordinary inventory of weapons and theoretical papers, President Eisenhower is surely raising another ominous, though overlooked, specter: Just whose military-industrial complex is he really warning about? What possible spiritual and cultural dangers were there to the American people from good old American companies like Boeing, DuPont, Lockheed, Hughes, and so on, unless, in importing ex-Nazi scientists and their unusual methods and insights and experimental results (often achieved at the cost of enormous human suffering), we inadvertently imported an underlying ideology at variance with traditional morality.

Ice Bomb

It was reported that there was interest shown in a bomb in which the thermal properties of its reaction were endothermic that is, intense cold would be produced on detonation instead of strong heat. The purpose was supposed to be the freezing of large areas maybe a mile radius from the site of detonation and the quick destruction of all living beings from the affected area which would soon recover. The effect is the same as that of a neutron bomb removal of all life forms without destroying the buildings. No efforts were ever made to even test the possibility of such a device. Just another high-flown and completely impracticable idea dreamed up byGermany as the situation became desperate. However, reports surfaced at the end of 1954 and were confirmed by former

President Harry Truman that the Soviet Union supposedly got hold of the records of the ice bomb experiments and developed it further, with some success.

The debate these days is all about whether or not Tehran is supplyingIraqs Armor-Piercing Bombs. But the roots of these explosively formed projectiles, or EFPs, goes all the way back to Hitlerera Germany, the Yorkshire Ranter notes. Military historian Larry Grupp explains: Dr. Hubert Schardin was definitely not a Nazi. Nevertheless, he stood stiffly at attention in full Luftwaffe dress uniform at Gestapo headquarters in Budapest, Hungary. It was the spring of 1944 and Schardin, a brilliant German explosives physicist, needed assistance. Under direct orders from Adolf Hitler to develop new super weapons, he needed the Gestapos help to locate a famous but reclusive Hungarian colonel named Misznay who could provide detailed information regarding the complex physics involved in shaped charge explosives. Colonel Misznay was, by all historical indicators, so elusive that today we are even uncertain what his real first name was. In all probability, Misznay was either a double or perhaps even a triple agent. After World War II, he dropped out of sight in the Eastern Bloc. Yet his last name lives on as a result of a special explosive phenomenon he identified, called the Misznay-Schardin effect a phenomenon that recognizes that fragments can be thrown from the face of an explosive charge in a predictable pattern, much like a projectile from a rifle barrel.

The formation process for a tactical EFP warhead from its initial pre-detonation state to the fully formed profile

It is that effect which forms the heart of the EFPs deadly power; they have been used to defeat armored vehicles for more than 30 years.
The EFP warhead was derived from the Misznay-Schardin device[Schardin, H.

which consists of a right circular cylinder of explosive, with a shallow cavity in one end that is fitted with a thin metallic liner. Upon detonation, the liner dynamically transforms into an aerodynamic projectile traveling at high velocity (typically 1500-2000 m/s). With a mass of 500 g or more, a velocity of 2000 m/s, and kinetic energy on the order of 1 MJ, these projectiles are capable of penetrating more than 10 cm of armor.
ber das Wesen der Hohlladung. Wehrtechnische Monatshefte, vol 51 (1954): 97 -120] SOURCE

Nazi UFOs
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Artistic impression of a Haunebu-type German flying saucer, similar in appearance to craft allegedly photographed by George Adamski, Reinhold Schmidt, Howard Menger, and Stephen Darbishire.

In science fiction, conspiracy theory, and underground comic books, stories or claims circulate linking UFOs to Nazi Germany. These German UFO theories describe supposedly successful attempts to develop advanced aircraft or spacecraft prior to and during World War II, and further assert the post-war survival of these craft in secret underground bases in Antarctica, South America or the United States, along with their creators.[1] Within the canon of media various code-names or sub-classification of UFO craft are identified: Rundflugzeug, Feuerball, Diskus, Haunebu, Hauneburg-Gerte,V7, VRIL, Kugelblitz (not related to the self-propelled anti-aircraft gun of the same name), AndromedaGerte, Flugkreisel, Kugelwaffen,Reichsflugscheiben. Accounts appear from as early as 1950, likely inspired by historical German development of specialized engines such as Viktor Schauberger's "Repulsine" around the time of WWII. Elements of the claims have been widely incorporated into various works of fictional and purportedly non-fictional media including video games and documentaries, often mixed with more substantiated information. German UFO literature very often conforms largely to documented history on the following points:

German 3rd Reich claimed the territory of New Swabia in Antarctica, sent an expedition there in 1938, and planned others.[2]

German 3rd Reich conducted research into advanced propulsion technology, including rocketry, Viktor Schauberger's engine research, flying wing craft and the Arthur Sack A.S.6 experimental circular winged aircraft.

Some UFO sightings during World War II, particularly those known as foo fighters, were thought by the allies to be prototype enemy aircraft designed to harass Allied aircraft through electromagnetic disruption; a technology similar to today's electromagnetic pulse (EMP) weapons.[3]
Contents
[hide]

1 Early claims

2 Later claims

o o o o

2.1 Morning of the Magicians

2.2 Vladimir Terziski

2.3 Ernst Zndel's marketing ploy

2.4 Miguel Serrano's book

3 Fiction and media

4 See also

5 References

6 Sources

7 External links

[edit]Early

claims

In WWII the so-called "foo fighters," a variety of unusual and anomalous aerial phenomena, were witnessed by both Axis and Allied personnel. While some foo fighter reports were dismissed as the misperceptions of troops in the heat of combat, others were taken with the utmost seriousness, and leading scientists such as Luis Alvarez investigated them.[4] In at least some cases, Allied intelligence and commanders suspected that foo fighters reported in the European theater represented advanced German aircraft or weapons, particularly given that Germans had already developed such technological innovations as V-1 and V-2 rockets and the first jet-engine fighter planes, and that a minority of foo fighters seemed to have inflicted damage to allied aircraft.[4] Similar sentiments regarding German technology resurfaced in 1947 with the first major wave of flying saucer reports after Kenneth Arnold's alleged close encounter with nine crescent-shaped objects moving at a fantastic speed. Personnel of Project Sign, the first U. S. Air Force UFO investigation group, noted that the advanced flying wing aeronautical designs of the German Horten brothers were similar to some UFO reports.[5] In 1959, Captain Edward J. Ruppelt, the first head of Project Blue Book (Project Sign's follow-up investigation) wrote:

When WWII ended, the Germans had several radical types of aircraft and guided missiles under development. The majority were in the most preliminary stages, but they were the only known craft that could even approach the performance of objects reported to UFO observers.[6]

While these early speculations and reports were limited primarily to military personnel, the earliest assertion of German flying saucers in the mass media appears to have been an article which appeared in the Italian newspaper Il Giornale d'Italia in early 1950. Written by Professor Giuseppe Belluzzo, an Italian scientist and a former Italian Minister of National Economy under the Mussolini regime, it claimed that "types of flying discs were designed and studied in Germany and Italy as early as 1942". Belluzzo also expressed the opinion that "some great power is launching discs to study them".[7] The Bell UFO was among the first flying objects to be connected with the Nazis. It apparently had occult markings on it and it was also rumoured to have been very similar to a Wehrmacht document about a vertical take off aircraft. A bell-shaped object crashed in Kecksburg, Pennsylvania on December 9, 1965. The same month, German engineer Rudolf Schriever gave an interview to German news magazine Der Spiegel in which he claimed that he had designed a craft powered by a circular plane of rotating turbine blades 49 ft (15 m) in diameter. He said that the project had been developed by him and his team at BMW's Prague works until April 1945, when he fled Czechoslovakia. His designs for the disk and a model were stolen from his workshop in Bremerhaven-Lehe in 1948 and he was convinced that Czech agents had built his craft for "a foreign power".[8][9] In a separate interview with Der Spiegel in October 1952 he said that the plans were stolen from a farm he was hiding in near Regen on 14 May 1945. There are other discrepancies between the two interviews that add to the confusion.[10] However, many skeptics have doubted that such a Bell UFO was actually designed or ever built.[11] In 1953, when Avro Canada announced that it was developing the VZ-9-AV Avrocar, a circular jet aircraft with an estimated speed of 1,500 mph (2,400 km/h), German engineer Georg Klein claimed that such designs had been developed during the Third Reich. Klein identified two types of supposed German flying disks:

A non-rotating disk developed at Breslau by V-2 rocket engineer Richard Miethe, which was captured by the Soviets, while Miethe fled to the US via France, and ended up working for Avro.

A disk developed by Rudolf Schriever and Klaus Habermohl at Prague, which consisted of a ring of moving turbine blades around a fixed cockpit. Klein claimed that he had witnessed this craft's first manned flight on 14 February 1945, when it managed to climb to 12,400 m (40,700 ft) in 3 minutes and attained a speed of 2,200 km/h (1,400 mph) in level flight.

Aeronautical engineer Roy Fedden remarked that the only craft that could approach the capabilities attributed to flying saucers were those being designed by the Germans towards the end of the war. Fedden (who was also chief of the technical mission to Germany for the Ministry of Aircraft Production) stated in 1945:

I have seen enough of their designs and production plans to realize that if they (the Germans) had managed to prolong the war some months longer, we would have been confronted with a set of entirely new and deadly developments in air warfare.[12]

Fedden also added that the Germans were working on a number of very unusual aeronautical projects, though he did not elaborate upon his statement.[13]
[edit]Later

claims

[edit]Morning

of the Magicians

Main article: The Morning of the Magicians Le Matin des Magiciens, a 1960 book by Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier, made many spectacular claims about the Vril Society of Berlin.[14] Several years later writers, including Jan van Helsing,[15][16] Norbert-Jrgen Ratthofer,[17] and Vladimir Terziski, have built on their work, connecting the Vril Society with UFOs. Among their claims, they imply that the society may have made contact with an alien race and dedicated itself to creating spacecraft to reach the aliens. In partnership with the Thule Society and the Nazi Party, the Vril Society developed a series of flying disc prototypes. With the Nazi defeat, the society allegedly retreated to a base in Antarctica and vanished into hollow Earth to meet up with the leaders of the advanced race inhabiting inner Earth.
[edit]Vladimir

Terziski

Vladimir Terziski, a Bulgarian engineer who bills himself as president of the American Academy of Dissident Sciences, claims that the Germans collaborated in their advanced craft research withAxis powers Italy and Japan, and continued their space effort after the war from a base in New Swabia. He alleges that Germans may have landed on the Moon as early as 1942 and established an underground base there. Terziski relates that when Russians and Americans secretly landed on the moon in the 1950s they stayed at this still-operating base. According to Terziski, "there is atmosphere, water and vegetation on the Moon," which NASA conceals to exclude the third world from moon exploration. Terziski has been accused of fabricating his video and photographic evidence.[18]
[edit]Ernst

Zndel's marketing ploy

Main article: Ernst Zndel: Nazi UFOs-Antarctica When German Holocaust denier Ernst Zndel started Samisdat Publishers in the 1970s, he initially catered to the UFOlogy community, which was then at its peak of public acceptance. His books claimed that flying saucers were Nazi secret weapons launched from an underground base in Antarctica, from which the Nazis hoped to conquer the world and possibly the planets.[19]Zndel also sold (for $9999) seats on an exploration team to locate the polar entrance to the hollow earth.[20] Some who interviewed Zndel claim that he privately admitted it was a deliberate hoax to build publicity for Samisdat, although he still defended it as late as 2002.[21][22]
[edit]Miguel

Serrano's book

In 1978 Miguel Serrano, a Chilean diplomat and Nazi sympathizer, published El Cordn Dorado: Hitlerismo Esotrico (The Golden Thread: Esoteric Hitlerism), in which he claimed that Adolf Hitlerwas

an Avatar of Vishnu and was at that time communing with Hyperborean gods in an underground Antarctic base in New Swabia. Serrano predicted that Hitler would lead a fleet of UFOs from the base to establish the Fourth Reich.[23] In popular culture, this alleged UFO fleet is referred to as the Nazi flying saucers from Antarctica.
[edit]Fiction

and media

In 1947 Robert A. Heinlein published a science fiction novel Rocket Ship Galileo that featured a German moon base.

Iron Sky (2012): A sci-fi comedy about Nazis who established a base on the dark side of the moon after Germany's defeat in 1945. They return in the year 2018 as an invasion force in order to finally defeat the Allies and restore the Third Reich. During the invasion, they end up battling with a President of the United States who resembles Sarah Palin and unintentionally cause a nuclear war when every space-faring nation lays claim to their Helium-3 mine. After their defeat they vow to return to Earth "in peace".

Iron Sky: Invasion (2012): An video game space combat simulator and an expansion of the 2012 movie, with interactive and flyable recreations of numerous alleged prototypes and models of Nazi UFO spacecraft.

Robert Rankin's novel Nostradamus Ate My Hamster features Hitler and a group of Nazis escaping the end of the war in a time machine to retreat to the future, where they attempt a subtle takeover of Earth through media manipulation until their time machine is used against them.

Pictures of these flying saucers were declassified and shown on the history channel.
[edit]See

also

Military disc shaped aircraft Ahnenerbe Ghost rockets Nazi occultism Esoteric Nazism Urda (anime) Operation Highjump Vaimanika Shastra Space Nazis Die Glocke UFO conspiracy theory

[edit]References

This article uses bare URLs for citations. Please consider adding full citations so that the article remains verifiable. Several templates and the Reflinks tool are available to assist in formatting. (Reflinks documentation)

(December 2012)

1.

^ Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (2002). Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity. New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-3124-4.

2.

^http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=B6356AB01A1A845DF9DE9BBF66

3.

^ Vesco, Childress, Renato, David Hatcher. Man-made UFOs 1944-1994: 50 years of suppression. Adventures Unlimited Press, 1994. ISBN 0-932813-23-2.

4.

^ a b Chester, Keith (2007). Strange Company: Military Encounters with UFOs in WWII. Anomalist Books, ISBN 9781933665207

5.

^ Swords, Michael D. (2000). "UFOs, the Military, and the Early Cold War," pp. 82122 in UFOs and Abductions: Challenging the Borders of Knowledge. David M. Jacobs, editor; University Press of Kansas,

2000

6.

^ Hatcher Childress, David; and Shaver Richard S. Lost Continents & the Hollow Earth.

7.

^ "Flying Discs 'Old Story', Says Italian". Daily Mirror. 24 March 1950

8.

^ Staff writer (1950-03-31). "Luftfahrt". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 2006-12-01.

9.

^ "Nazi Flying Saucers". The UnMuseum. Retrieved 2011-09-12.

10.

^ Brad Turner. "Rudolf Schriever". German Discs. Retrieved 2011-09-12.

11.

^ Kiger, Patrick J. "Nazi Secret Weapons". National Geographic. Retrieved July 23, 2010.

12.

^ Hitler's UFO Burlington UFO and Paranormal Research and Educational Center

13.

^ Gunston, Bill. By Jupiter! The Life of Sir Roy Fedden. ISBN 0-903409-07-0.

14.

^ Pauwels, Louis; and Jacques Bergier (1967). Aufbruch ins dritte Jahrtausend: Von der Zukunft der phantastischen Vernunft. ISBN 3-442-11711-9.

15.

^ Van Helsing, Jan (1993). Geheimgesellschaften und ihre Macht im 20. Jahrhundert. Rhede, Emsland: Ewert. ISBN 3-89478-069-X.

16.

^ Van Helsing, Jan (1997). Unternehmen Aldebaran. Kontakte mit Menschen aus einem anderen Sonnensystem. Lathen: Ewertlag. ISBN 3-89478-220-X.

17.

^ Jrgen-Ratthofer, Norbert; and Ralf Ettl (1992). Das Vril-Projekt. Der Endkampf um die Erde.(self-published)

18.

^ Kevin McClure. "The Nazi UFO Mythos." Abduction Watch, accessed 2006-08-27.

19.

^ Friedrich, Christof (1974). UFO's Nazi Secret Weapon?. Samisdat Publishers.

20.

^ Friedrich, Christof (1979). "Samisdat Hollow Earth Expedition". The Nizkor Project. Retrieved 2006-08-27.

21.

^ "Ernst Zndel's Flying Saucers". The Nizkor Project. Retrieved 2006-08-27.

22.

^ Zndel, Ernst (2002-12-01). "Zndelgram". The Nizkor Project. Retrieved 2006-08-27.

23.

^ Serrano, Miguel (1978). Das goldene Band: esoterischer Hitlerismus. ISBN 3-926179-20-1.

[edit]Sources

1988/1990: UFO - Das Dritte Reich schlgt zurck? (UFO - The Third Reich Strikes Back?) (viewable here in German) by Norbert Jrgen Ratthofer and Ralf Ettl

1992: UFO - Geheimnisse des Dritten Reichs (UFO - Secrets of the Third Reich) (viewable here in German and here in English)

2008, 'Mythos Neuschwabenland: Das letzte Geheimnis des Dritte Reiches' (The Myth of Neuschwabenland - The Last Secret of the Third Reich) by Polar Film + Medien GmbH

Joscelyn Godwin. Arktos: The Polar Myth in Science, Symbolism, and Nazi Survival . Adventures Unlimited Press, 1996. ISBN 0-932813-35-6.

Christopher Partridge. UFO Religions. Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0-415-26324-7. William R. Lyne. Pentagon Aliens (1993. 306 pages, Creatopia, 3rd edition, PB, 2007. ISBN 978-09637467-7-1)

Leytan Stavros. UT-1. Editions Saint Martin (2011). ISBN 978-2-916766-23-2 Joseph P. Farrell. Reich of the Black Sun: Nazi Secret Weapons and the Cold War Allied Legend Branton (Bruce Alan Walton) The Omega Files: Secret Nazi UFO Bases Revealed (April 15, 2000 ISBN 1-892062-09-7)

Renato Vesco & David Hatcher Childress. Man-Made UFOs 1944-1994: 50 Years of Suppression (September, 1994 ISBN 0-932813-23-2)

Henry Stevens. Hitler's Flying Saucers: A Guide to German Flying Discs of the Second World War (February 1, 2003 ISBN 1-931882-13-4)

Nick Cook. The Hunt for Zero Point. New York: Broadway Books (2003)
links

[edit]External

The Tale of the Nazi Saucer at Saturday Night Uforia Identified Flying Objects: German flying discs in WW2? German Disc Aircraft - 1922-1945 and Beyond Disc Aircraft of the Third Reich (1922-1945 and Beyond)

Wunderwaffe
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

V-2

Wunderwaffe (German pronunciation: [vndvaf]) is German for "wonder-weapon" and was a term assigned during World War II by the Germanpropaganda ministry to a few revolutionary "superweapons". Most of these weapons however remained more or less feasible prototypes, or reached the combat theatre too late, and in too insignificant numbers (if at all) to have a military effect. A derisive abbreviation of the term emerged: Wuwa, pronounced "voo-vah".[1] The V-weapons, which were developed earlier and saw considerable deployment (especially against London and Antwerp), trace back to the same pool of highly inventive armament concepts. Therefore, they are also included here.

Contents
[hide]

1 Naval vessels

o o o

1.1 Aircraft carriers

1.2 Battleships

1.3 U-boats

2 Armored vehicles

1.3.1 Oceangoing U-boats

1.3.2 Littoral U-boats

1.3.3 Submarine aircraft carrier

o o

2.1 Anti-aircraft weapons

2.2 Anti-tank weapons

3 Gliders

2.2.1 Super-heavy tanks

4 Piston engine aircraft

5 Jets and rocket-propelled aircraft

6 Helicopters

7 Bombs and explosives

8 Artillery

9 Missiles

10 Orbital

11 Rifles

12 Directed-energy weapons

o o

12.1 Rheotron/betatron

12.2 Rntgenkanone

13 Mission equipment

14 Fictitious

15 See also

16 Notes

[edit]Naval

vessels

[edit]Aircraft

carriers

Graf Zeppelin - a 33,550 ton aircraft carrier laid down in 1936; never completed. Flugzeugtrger B - planned sister ship to the Graf Zeppelin; scrapped before launching. German aircraft carrier I - a planned 56,500 ton aircraft carrier, converted from a transport; cancelled before work started.

[edit]Battleships

H class battleship - a series of proposals for battleships, culminating in the H-44, a 140,000 ton battleship with eight 20 inch guns. Two only laid down; scrapped on slipways

[edit]U-boats

[edit]Oceangoing

U-boats

Rocket U-boat - a planned ballistic missile submarine; project abandoned Type XVIII U-boat - a U-boat designed to use air-independent propulsion; several were under construction when the war ended

Type XXI U-boat "Elektroboote" (Electric boat) - the first U-boat designed to operate completely submerged, 118 were built

Type XXIV U-boat - a planned U-boat designed to use air-independent propulsion Type XXVI U-boat - a U-boat designed to use air-independent propulsion; several were under construction when the war ended

[edit]Littoral

U-boats

Type XXII U-boat - a U-boat designed to use air-independent propulsion; two were under construction Type XXIII U-boat ("Elektroboote") - a U-boat designed for littoral missions; 67 were built Type XXV U-boat - a planned all-electric U-Boat designed for littoral missions
aircraft carrier

[edit]Submarine

Type XI - a U-boat designed to carry the Arado Ar 231 collapsible floatplane; four were laid down but canceled at the outbreak of World War II

[edit]Armored

vehicles

[edit]Anti-aircraft

weapons

Flakpanzer "Kugelblitz" (Ball Lightning) - a self-propelled anti-aircraft gun

weapons

[edit]Anti-tank

Sturer Emil - an experimental tank destroyer

tanks

[edit]Super-heavy

Landkreuzer P. 1000 "Ratte" (Rat) - a planned super-heavy tank, weighing 1000 metric tons and armed with two 280mm cannons, 128mm anti-tank gun, 8 20mm flak guns and 2 15mm heavy machine guns

Landkreuzer P. 1500 "Monster" - a proposed super-heavy self propelled gun, weighing 1500 metric tons and armed with the 800mm Schwerer Gustav/Dora gun

Panzer VII "Lwe" (Lion) - a planned super-heavy tank, weighing 90 metric tons and armed with a 105mm cannon

Panzer VIII "Maus" (Mouse) - a super-heavy tank, weighing 180 metric tons and armed with two cannons of 128mm and 75mm calibre, two operable prototypes completed

Panzerkampfwagen E-100 - a planned super-heavy tank, weighing 140 metric tons and armed with either 128, 149 or 170mm cannon

[edit]Gliders

Junkers Ju 322 "Mammut" (Mammoth) - a flying wing heavy transport glider.

engine aircraft

[edit]Piston

Focke-Achgelis Fa 269 - a planned tilt-rotor VTOL fighter Focke-Wulf Ta 152 - a high-altitude interceptor Focke-Wulf Ta 400 - a planned Amerika Bomber candidate with six radial engines and two jet engines with a range of 13,000 km in bomber configuration

Heinkel He 111Z - a five engined Zwilling (twin fuselage) aircraft created by combining two He 111s and designed to tow large gliders

Heinkel He 274 - a high altitude heavy bomber with four in-line engines with a range of 3,440 km, two completed by France after the war

Heinkel He 277 - a planned, advanced long range bomber design, never built as a complete aircraft, evolved to be an Amerika Bomber candidate, to be powered with four BMW 801 radial engines and up to 11,000 km range

Junkers Ju 390 - an Amerika Bomber candidate with six radial engines with a range of 9,700 km, two airworthy prototypes built and flown

Junkers Ju 488 - a heavy bomber with four radial engines with a range of 3,395 km Messerschmitt Me 264 - an Amerika Bomber candidate with four inline or radial engines and a range of 15,000 km, three airworthy prototypes built and flown

Messerschmitt Me 323 "Gigant" (Giant) - a heavy transport with six engines

and rocket-propelled aircraft

[edit]Jets

Arado Ar 234 - the first operational turbojet bomber Arado E.555 - a planned jet-powered Amerika bomber Bachem Ba 349 "Natter" (Adder) - a rocket-powered vertical takeoff interceptor Blohm & Voss P.178 - a turbojet dive bomber DFS 194 - a rocket-powered experimental aircraft DFS 228 - a rocket-powered high altitude reconnaissance aircraft DFS 346 - a rocket-powered research aircraft

Fieseler Fi 103R "Reichenberg" - a manned version of the V-1 flying bomb Focke-Wulf "Triebflgel" (Powered Wings) - a planned ramjet tailsitter interceptor Focke-Wulf Ta 183 "Huckebein" - a planned swept wing turbojet fighter Focke-Wulf Ta 283 - a planned swept wing ramjet and rocket-powered fighter Heinkel He 162 "Volksjger" (People's Fighter) - a turbojet fighter Heinkel He 176 - a rocket-powered experimental aircraft Heinkel He 178 - the first turbojet aircraft Heinkel He 280 - the first turbojet fighter Heinkel He 343 - a planned four engined jet bomber based on the Arado Ar 234's general design Henschel Hs 132 - a planned turbojet dive bomber and interceptor Horten Ho 229 - a turbojet flying wing stealth jet fighter/bomber Horten H.XVIII - a planned flying wing jet bomber based on the Horten Ho 229 Junkers EF 132 - a planned turbojet bomber Junkers Ju 287 - a forward-swept wing turbojet bomber Lippisch P.13a - a planned supersonic ramjet delta wing interceptor Lippisch P.13b - a planned ramjet delta wing interceptor developed from the Lippisch P.13a Messerschmitt Me 109TL - a turbojet fighter designed as an alternate/back-up for the Me 262 Messerschmitt Me 163 "Komet" (Comet) - the first and only operational rocket-powered fighter Messerschmitt Me 262 "Schwalbe" (Swallow)- the first operational turbojet fighter/bomber Messerschmitt Me 263 - a rocket-powered fighter developed from the Me 163 Messerschmitt P.1101 - a variable-sweep wing ramjet fighter Messerschmitt P.1106 - a jet fighter based on the Messerschmitt Me P.1101 Silbervogel (Silverbird) - planned sub-orbital antipodal bomber

[edit]Helicopters

Flettner Fl 184 - a night reconnaissance and anti-submarine autogyro Flettner Fl 185 - an experimental helicopter Flettner Fl 265 - an experimental helicopter, the world's earliest known airworthy synchropter Flettner Fl 282 "Kolibri" (Hummingbird) - a reconnaissance "synchropter" helicopter Focke-Achgelis Fa 223 "Drache" (Dragon) - an anti-submarine, search and rescue, reconnaissance, and freight helicopter, based on the prewar Fw 61

Focke-Wulf Fw 61 - an experimental helicopter

and explosives

[edit]Bombs

German nuclear energy project

[edit]Artillery

Schwerer Gustav (Heavy Gustav) - an 800mm railway gun V-3 cannon "Hochdruckpumpe" - "High Pressure Pump" a supergun

[edit]Missiles

Aggregate series

A1 - the first German experimental rocket A2 - an experimental rocket, gyroscopically stabilized A3 - an experimental rocket with an inertial guidance system A4/V-2 - the first ballistic missile and the first human-made object to achieve sub-orbital spaceflight

A4-SLBM - a planned submarine-launched ballistic missile A4b

A5 - an experimental reusable rocket A6 - an improved A4b A7 - an improved A4 A8 - a planned submarine-launched ballistic missile A9 Amerikarakete - a planned intermediate-range ballistic missile to be used to strike the eastern United States

A10 - a planned lower stage for the A9 to upgrade it to an intercontinental ballistic missile A11 - a planned satellite launcher A12 - a planned rocket, capable of putting 10 metric tons into low Earth orbit

Enzian - a planned surface-to-air missile with infrared guidance Feuerlilie F-25 "Fire Lilly" - a surface-to-air missile Feuerlilie F-55 "Fire Lilly" - a two-stage, supersonic surface-to-air missile V-1 flying bomb/Fieseler Fi 103/Vergeltungswaffe 1 - the first cruise missile Fliegerfaust "Pilot Fist" or "Plane Fist" / Luftfaust "Air Fist" - the first man-portable air-defense system (MANPADS)

Fritz X - an air-launched, MCLOS-guided anti-ship missile, the pioneering wartime example of a PGM Henschel Hs 117 Schmetterling "Butterfly" - a manually guided surface-to-air missile Henschel Hs 117H - a manually guided air-to-air missile Henschel Hs 293 - a manually guided air-to-ship missile Henschel Hs 294 - a manually guided air-to-ship torpedo Henschel Hs 298 - an air-to-air missile R4M Orkan "Hurricane" - an unguided air-to-air rocket Rheinbote "Rhine Messenger"- the first short-range ballistic missile

Rheintochter "Rhinedaughter" - a manually guided surface-to-air missile Ruhrstahl X-4 - a wire-guided air-to-air missile designed for the Ta 183 Taifun "Typhoon" - a planned unguided surface-to-air missile Wasserfall Ferngelenkte Flakrakete "Waterfall Remote-Controlled A-A Rocket" - a supersonic surfaceto-air missile

Werfer-Granate 21 - a heavy-calibre (21 cm/8 inch) unguided air-to-air rocket G7es/Zaunknig T-5 - acoustic homing torpedo used by U-boats

[edit]Orbital

Sun gun - a parabolic mirror in orbit designed to focus sunlight onto specific locations on the Earth's surface

[edit]Rifles

Jagdfaust - an automatically firing airborne anti-bomber recoilless rifle for use on the Me 163 Mauser MG 213 - a 20 mm aircraft mounted revolver cannon Mauser MG 213C - a 30 mm aircraft mounted revolver cannon Sturmgewehr 44 - the first assault rifle

"Krummlauf" - a curved barrel for the StG44

Sturmgewehr 45 - prototype
weapons

[edit]Directed-energy

This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

(August 2012)

Main article: Directed-energy weapon

[edit]Rheotron/betatron

Among the directed-energy weapons the Nazis investigated were x-ray beam weapons developed under Heinz Schmellenmeier, Richard Gans and Fritz Houtermans. They built an electron accelerator called Rheotron (invented by Max Steenbeck at Siemens-Schuckert in the 1930s, these were later called betatrons by the Americans) to generate hard x-ray synchrotron beams for the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM). The intent was to pre-ionize ignition in aircraft engines and hence serve as anti-aircraft DEW and bring planes down into the reach of flak.[clarification needed]The rheotron was captured by the Americans in Burggrub on April 14, 1945.
[edit]Rntgenkanone

Another approach was Ernst Schiebolds 'Rntgenkanone' developed from 1943 in Groostheim near Aschaffenburg. The Company Richert Seifert & Co from Hamburg delivered parts.

[edit]Mission

equipment

Zielgert 1229 "Vampir" - active infrared for the Sturmgewehr 44 FG 1250 Tank Mounted night-vision equipment

[edit]Fictitious

Die Glocke Nazi UFOs Directed-energy weapon

In the later phases of World War II, Nazi Germany increasingly put its hopes on research into technologically revolutionary secret weapons, the Wunderwaffen. Among the directed-energy weapons the Nazis investigated were X-Ray Beam Weapons developed under Heinz Schmellenmeier, Richard Gans and Fritz Houtermans. They built an electron accelerator called Rheotron (invented by Max Steenbeck at Siemens-Schuckert in the 1930s, these were later called Betatrons by the Americans) to generate hard X ray synchrotron beams for the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM). The intent was to pre-ionize ignition in Aircraft engines and hence serve as anti-aircraft DEW and bring planes down into the reach of the FLAK. The Rheotron was captured by the Americans in Burggrub on April 14, 1945. Another approach was Ernst Schiebolds 'Rntgenkanone' developed from 1943 in Groostheim near Aschaffenburg. The Company Richert Seifert & Co from Hamburg delivered parts.[26]
[edit]See

also

Secret and special weapons in Showa Japan

[edit]Notes

1.

^ Willy Ley, "V-2: Rocket Cargo Ship" Astounding Science Fiction, May 1945, repr. Famous Science-Fiction Stories: Adventures in Time and Space, (ed. J. Francis McComas, Raymond J. Healy, [1946],

1957), p.359).

Reiner Merkel: Hans Kammler - Manager des Todes, 2010 August von Goethe Literaturverlag, Frankfurt am Main, ISBN 978-3-8372-0817-7

from Violations Website Book IV Secrets of The Third Reich

Part I

Secrets of the Third Reich

Part I
The fact that the Germans were developing advanced technologies during the end of the war is a matter of public record. As Sir Roy Feddon, Chief of the Technical Mission to Germany for the Ministry of Aircraft Production stated in 1945. "I have seen enough of their designs and production plans to realize that if they (the Germans) had managed to prolong the war some months longer, we would have been confronted with a set of entirely new and deadly developments in air warfare." Captain Ruppelt, Chief of the US Air Force Project Bluebook added in 1956, "When WWII ended, the Germans had several radical types of aircraft and guided missiles under development. The majority were in the most preliminary stages, but they were the only known craft that could even approach the performance of objects reported to UFO observers" Some of these German war-time technical advances were well known. The first military jet was the German Heinkel 178 that flew in 1939. In 1943 the Germans also deployed the only jet fighter to go into regular service during the war, the Messerschmitt 262. This jet could easily overtake the fastest Allied aircraft, yet fortunately Hitler ordered that these planes should be fitted as bombers rather than defensive fighters which saved Allied aircraft from devastating casualties. Then Heinrich Focke was involved in the design of and production of the FW6, Fa223, Fa226, Fa283 and 284 models during the war. He designed a propulsion system known as the turbo-shaft, which is still used in most helicopters today. Using this technology, Focke designed this upright, vertical take-off aircraft, which was just coming off the drawing board as the war ended. At the end of each of the three long arms of this technologically advanced craft was a small jet propulsion unit. The rotating arms were used to lift the body from the ground like the blades of a helicopter. In 1939 Focke patented a saucer-shaped craft with enclosed twin rotors described as follows: "The exhaust nozzle forked in two at the end of the engine and ended in two auxiliary combustion chambers located on the trailing edge of the wing. When fuel was added these combustion chambers would act as afterburners to provide horizontal propulsion to Fockes design. The control at low speed was achieved by alternatively varying the power from each auxiliary combustion chamber." Cruise missiles were also first used by the Third Reich and V-1 bombs were launched from German occupied territories across the channel into England. The next German rocket, the V-2 proved to be the predecessor of the Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles that filled the arsenals of the former Soviet Union and US during the Cold War. This missile could travel 225 miles at five times the speed of sound and a single hit could take out a city block. The Germans also developed a rocket-powered fighter, the ME 163 and although it was never put into regular service, it was the first aircraft to fly faster than 600 miles per hour. These then, were some of the known German advances. However

there were also hints of darker technologies not fully understood. It was in 1944 that knowledge th of these became public for the first time when the New York Times of 14 December reported "Floating Mystery ball is New German Weapon. "Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, Dec 13 - A new German weapon has made its appearance on the western air front, it was disclosed today. Airmen of the American Air Force report that they are encountering silver coloured spheres in the air over German territory. The spheres are encountered either singly or in clusters. Sometimes they are semi(1) translucent. A typical incident was reported by a veteran pilot of the th 415 Night Fighter Squadron. He was flying a mission over nd Hagenau, Germany on 22 December 1944 when at 6.00am, whilst flying at an altitude of ten thousand feet, the pilot and his radar operator saw two "large orange glows" rapidly climbing towards them. "Upon reaching our altitude the pilot reported, the objects levelled off and stayed on my tail. He went into a steep dive and the glows followed in sharp precision. He banked as sharply as he dared and the objects followed. For two minutes the lights stalked the fighter through several intricate manoeuvres, peeled off under perfect control, then (2) blinked out" The purpose of these strange objects was a mystery, for they merely followed warplanes, but apparently never opened fire or otherwise attacked them. These objects were named Foo Fighters, a term which came from a headline Where Theres Feu, Theres Fire. Each side in the war seemed to believe that the Foo Fighterswere the inventions of their enemy and several reconnaissance missions were launched to gain further information. To date, it has never been clearly established where the technology came from, and the origins of the foofighters remain an historical puzzle alongside the Scandinavian ghost rockets. What was clear, however, was that it wasnt Allied technology, and that was a serious cause of concern. Over the years fact and fiction regarding the exact nature of these advanced German technologies have become fused, however it is now clear that the Germans were developing craft that could be mistaken for what would nowadays be considered UFOs. In fact, such developments make perfect sense: Each side during the war relied heavily on their aerial capabilities, and one sure way to disable such abilities was to take out enemy runways. Either side could have had the best air fleet on the planet, but without somewhere to take off from, such a fleet was impotent. Therefore the development of craft that did not require any runway, like Fockes designs, could potentially alter the eventual course of the war. As it turned out, the designs were only coming on line as the war ended, but had the conflict continued, it is conceivable that these new technologies could have altered the shape of history. However, exactly what was being developed is now less a matter of historical record, and more of an historical jigsaw, with not only pieces missing, but other pieces conceived in the minds of writers who then peddled fictitious Nazi flying saucer myths to those who chose to believe them. Establishing fact from fiction from over fifty years ago is no easy matter, and we are forced to consider information that is largely unverifiable. Yet when pieced together a plausible story of Nazi flying disk technology does begin to emerge.

One person who made claims regarding the development of flying saucers in Nazi Germany is former Luftwaffe Flight Captain and aircraft designer Rudolph Schriever. He claimed in 1950 that he and a small team had worked at facilities near Prague developing a saucer-type vehicle. This story first appeared in Der Spiegel magazine on 30 March 1950 in an article entitled Untertassen-Flieger Kombination which stated, " Rudolph Schriever, who says engineers throughout the world experimented in the early 1940s with flying saucers, is willing to build one for the United States in six to nine months. The 40-year-old Prague University graduate said he made blueprints for such a machine, which he calls a flying top, before Germanys collapse and that the blueprints were stolen from his laboratory. He says the machine would be capable of 2,600mph with a radius (3) of 4,000 miles, Schriever is a US Army driver at Bremerhaven." His claims are backed up by a 1975 Luftfahrt International Report that noted that after Shrievers death in the late 1950s, papers found amongst his belongings revealed incomplete notes for a large flying saucer, a series of sketches of the machine and several newspaper clippings of himself and his alleged flying saucer. Up to his death, Schriever had repeatedly claimed that the UFO sightings since the end of the war were proof that his original ideas had been taken further with successful results. Researcher Bill Rose was able to discover that Schriever was involved with other scientists Klaus Habermohl and Giuseppe Belluzzo (an Italian engineer) as well as one Dr. Walter Miethe. Roses research established that Miethe had been the Director of the saucer programme at two facilities located outside Prague. We know little more about Miethes activities at this time him but it does seem that he knew Wernher von Braun (of whom much more later) as there is a photograph of them together in 1933. We certainly do know that one scientist, Viktor Schauberger (image right), was involved in the production of flying disks, and that he flew one in 1945 near Prague, just as Schriever had claimed. His experimental prototypes were based on levitation. Born in 1885, Schauberger considered the natural world his greatest teacher although many in the world consideredSchauberger to be somewhat deranged. In forests, alongside rivers, he studied what he considered life-enhancing energy, water and air vortices. He argued that, "Prevailing technology uses the wrong forms of motion. It is based on entropy on motions which nature uses to break down and scatter materials. However, nature uses a different type of motion for creating order and new growth. The prevailing explosion-based technology fuel burning and atom splitting fills the world with expanding, heat-generating centrifugal motion." Schauberger believed that energy production could instead use inward-moving coldgenerating centripetal motion, the same as nature employs to build and enliven substances. Even hydroelectric power plants, Schauberger said, use a destructive motion they pressure water and chop it through turbines. The result is dead water. He built suction turbines that he considered enlivened and invigorated, resulting in clean, life-giving water downstream. Schauberger also produced electrical power from a unique suction turbine using implosion principles and was later pressured into developing a propulsion system using the same principles applied to air. His work came to Hitlers attention and his son (left) recounts the meeting between his father
th

and Hitler: "In June of 1934 my father was invited by the Reichs Chancellor Adolph Hitler to discuss his work. Hitler wanted to know about his discoveries and talk about the various possibilities and what his great plan was. And he said yes, Im looking for a new technology that must once again harmonize with the natural order of things and that is my real programme. "Shortly before the meeting, Hitler as Reich Chancellor gave the two deputies his orders. The two had come to discuss Herman Goerings plan. And he said Viktor Schauberger, you will speak with the two Reichs deputies and tomorrow or by the latest the day after tomorrow a second meeting will take place. And he said to the two deputies I find the plan fascinat ing. Yes, we (4) Germans will bring about a whole new science." Hitler wanted Schauberger to supervise the building of a new flying craft that could levitate without burning any fuel. This idea for this new craft was based upon a discovery made by Schauberger a few years before of how to develop a lowpressure zone at the atomic level. The scientist claimed to have achieved this in a laboratory setting when his prototype whirled air or water radically and axially at a falling temperature. Schauberger named this resulting force as diamagnetic levitation power and noted that nature already used this direct or reactionary suction force in weather generation, solar fusion stability etc. Schauberger was given a team of scientists to help him with his work, and he insisted that these be treated as free men rather than prisoners of the Nazis. During their work, however, their research headquarters was bombed and they were all transferred to Leonstein. There they perfected the flying disc powered by Schaubergers turbine which rotated air into a twisting type of oscillation resulting in the build up of immense power causing levitation. Schaubergers prototype was then developed into a vehicle known as the Belluzzo-Schriever-Miethe Diskus, a machine built up to 22ft in diameter. These craft travelled at over 2000 km/hr and were planned to go over 4,000 km/hr. By 1945 they could reach 1300 mph and gain an altitude of 40,000 feet in less than three minutes. The craft was also noted to glow blue-green as it rose and left a silvery glow. The Munich publication, Da Neue Zeitalter wrote in 1956, "Viktor Schauberger was the inventor and discoverer of the new motive power, implosion, which, with the use of only air and water, generated light, heat and motion." The publication reported that the first unmanned flying disc, what to an observer would have appeared to be Nazi UFOs, was tested in 1945 near Prague, that it could hover motionless in the air and could fly as fast backwards as forwards. It was also reported to have a diameter of 50 meters. Other evidence in support of this event had appeared earlier in an interview given on 18th November 1954 to the Zurich-based Tages Anzeiger. One George Klein stated that he had witnessed Nazi th UFOs flying saucer test on 14 February 1945 and that the craft had reached a height of 30,000 foot in three minutes and could travel at hundreds of miles an hour. In this interview, Klein gave further information regarding developments behind the disks, claiming that some of the work had taken place at Peenemunde, where the V-2 rocket was being developed and where Wernher von Braun was director. Klein also stated that the stability of the craft had been achieved by using a gyroscope; the same method used by the Von Braun-Dornberger team. The research then moved to the Mittlewerke underground

facilities near Nordhausen in the Harz Mountains. The Bible of the story of the development of the Atomic bomb, Brighter than a Thousand Suns, also confirms these events: "The first of these flying saucers, as they were later called circular in shape, with a diameter of some 45 yards were built by the specialists Schriever, Habermohl and Miethe. They were first airborne on February 14th 1945, over Prague and reached in three minutes a height of nearly eight miles. They had a speed of 1.250 mph which was doubled in (5) subsequent tests." That these events occurred is also supported by former CIA agent Virgil Armstrong who commented: "We know that in the early parts of the war there were certain factions of the Allied forces that did not believe he had a secret weapon and it wasnt until the Americans made much emphasis of this that they began to look at it seriously and indeed did discover that Hitler not only had a secret weapon, he had what we would call today a UFO or spacecraft.

References:
(1) New York Times 14th December 1944. (2) Lore, Gordon I. R. Jnr., and Deneault, Harold H., Jnr., Mysteries of the Skies; UFOs in Perspective p. 116 PrenticeHall, New Jersey 1968. (3) Der Spiegel magazine 30th March 1950 (4) Third Reich Video (5) Jungk, Robert, Brighter Than a Thousand Suns p. 87 Return to Menu or Go To Part II

Hitler Diaries
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"Hitler's diaries discovered" Stern's headline on 22 April 1983.

In April 1983, the West German news magazine Stern published excerpts from what purported to be the diaries of Adolf Hitler, known as the Hitler Diaries (German: Hitler-Tagebcher), which were subsequently revealed to

be forgeries. The magazine had paid nearly 9 million German marks for the sixty small books, plus a "special volume" about Rudolf Hess' flight to the United Kingdom, covering the period from 1932 to 1945. Contents
[hide]

1 "Discovery" of the diaries

2 Discovery of the forgery

3 Accounts of the hoax

4 References

5 External links

[edit]"Discovery"

of the diaries

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

(April 2012)

On April 22, 1983, Stern announced that it had discovered the diaries. [1] Journalist Gerd Heidemann claimed to have received the diaries from East Germany, smuggled out by a "Dr. Fischer". The diaries were supposed to be

part of a consignment of documents recovered from an aircraft crash in Brnersdorf near Dresden in April 1945.

Stern's parent company, Gruner + Jahr, collected the diaries in great secrecy over the course of more than 18 months. Three separate handwriting analyses were arranged, in Europe and the USA, of one page from one of the

diaries; all the tests identified the writing as Hitler's. However, Gruner + Jahr delayed forensic analysis; and fear of leaks meant that no experts in World War II history were allowed more than cursory access to the diaries prior to

publication. Two historians who did briefly see them, Hugh Trevor-Roper (later Baron Dacre of Glanton) and Gerhard Weinberg, were retained by Times Newspapers and Newsweek, respectively, to authenticate the diaries prior

to bidding for the serialisation rights.

Trevor-Roper, an independent director of Times Newspapers, flew to Switzerland to see the diaries. Stern showed him not only the diary volumes, but a large archive of additional Hitler material, said to have been salvaged from

the Brnersdorf crash along with the diaries. Trevor-Roper was convinced of the diaries' authenticity, writing in the next day's The Times that:

I am now satisfied that the documents are authentic; that the history of their wanderings since 1945 is true; and that the standard accounts of Hitler's writing habits, of his personality and, even, perhaps, of some public events,

may in consequence have to be revised.

[edit]Discovery

of the forgery

Many doubted the diaries' genuineness. Former German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt told a group "I just can't believe it's true". Skeptics thought that no one person could have forged 60 volumes, and believed that the East

German and Soviet governments had faked the diaries to divide West Germany from its allies, or to earn Western hard currency.[2]

Doubts quickly emerged. A press conference held to launch publication on 25 April 1983 was a fiasco for Stern. Both Trevor-Roper and Weinberg qualified their previous endorsements, and writerDavid Irving held up

photocopies of a fake Hitler diary that he said was from the same source as Stern's material. Within two weeks, the West German Bundesarchiv revealed that the Hitler Diaries were "grotesquely superficial fakes" made on

modern paper using modern ink and full of historical inaccuracies. Content had been largely copied from a book of Hitler's speeches, with additional "personal" comments. Much of the "archive" that had impressed Trevor-Roper

in Switzerland was also discovered to have been forged.

Dr Julius Grant in London confirmed the forensic analysis. The autograph expert Kenneth W. Rendell concluded the Diaries were not particularly good fakes, calling them "bad forgeries but a great hoax" and stating that "with

the exception of imitating Hitler's habit of slanting his writing diagonally as he wrote across the page, the forger failed to observe or to imitate the most fundamental characteristics of his handwriting."[3] Stern editors Peter Koch

and Felix Schmidt resigned from the magazine; Frank Giles stood down as editor of The Sunday Times; and William Broyles resigned from Newsweek. The episode was much ridiculed in the UK media (particularly by

the Sunday Times' rival newspapers), and Trevor-Roper's reputation was seriously damaged.

On 25 April 2012, Rupert Murdoch acknowledged his role in publishing the diaries during the Leveson inquiry.[4]

The diaries were actually written by Konrad Kujau, a notorious Stuttgart forger. Both he and Heidemann went to trial in 1984 and were each sentenced to 42 months in prison (for forgery and embezzlement).

It was never determined where the missing money[clarification needed] went. Kujau certainly received a portion of it, but it is likely that Heidemann pocketed a majority. At the time the fraud was being investigated, authorities learned

that Heidemann purchased two villas in Spain, two luxury sports cars, expensive jewelry, rare World War II memorabilia for his collection, and extravagant vacations, amongst other things. All of the items, totaling well over 1.5

million marks, were allegedly paid for out of Heidemann's monthly salary of 5,400 Marks.

After release from prison, Kujau was able to use his new fame as a forger to open a studio and sell "original Kujau forgeries".[5]

[edit]Accounts

of the hoax

Journalist Robert Harris published an account of the hoax in 1986 Selling Hitler: The Story of the Hitler Diaries.[6]

Between 11 June and 9 July 1991 Selling Hitler, a five-episode Euston Films/Thames Television drama-documentary series based on Harris's book, was broadcast on the British ITV channel. It was directed by Alastair Reid and

starred Jonathan Pryce as Heidemann, Alexei Sayle as Kujau, Tom Baker as Gruner + Jahr Chairman Manfred Fischer, Alan Bennett as Hugh Trevor-Roper,Roger Lloyd Pack as David Irving, Richard Wilson as Henri

Nannen and Barry Humphries as Rupert Murdoch. The series, which The Guardian described as "a rollicking comedy with black edges", was released on Region 1 DVD in July 2010.[7]

In 1992 the story of the Hitler diaries was also adapted to the big screen. The satirical German movie Schtonk! garnered positive reviews by critics and won three German movie awards as well as an Academy

Award nomination.[citation needed]

[edit]References

1.

^ "Stern Presents Hitlers Diaries (April 22, 1983)". German History in Documents and Images. German Historical Institute. Retrieved 21 April 2012.

2.

^ Vinocur, John (1983-04-26). "The Hitler diaries: Rewriting history?". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. New York Times News Service. p. 1. Retrieved April 1, 2012.

3.

^ Rendell, Kenneth W. (1994). Forging History: The Detection of Fake Letters and Documents. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 112.

4.

^ "Murdoch at Leveson Inquiry". Westminster blog (Financial Times). April 25, 2012.

5.

^ Konrad Kujau's studio

6.

^ Robert Harris. Selling Hitler. The Extraordinary Story of the Con Job of the Century -- The Faking of the Hitler "Diaries". New York: Pantheon, 1986. ISBN 0394553365

7.

^ Selling Hitler at the Internet Movie Database

[edit]External

links

Talk Read Edit

Selling Hitler at the Internet Movie Database

Schtonk! at the Internet Movie Database

MacArthur, Brian (25 April 2008). "Hitler diaries scandal: 'We'd printed the scoop of the century, then it turned to dust". The Daily Telegraph.

The Hitler Diaries

"1983: 'Hitler diaries' published". BBC News (London: BBC). Retrieved 10 September 2012.

Categories:

Diaries

Political forgery

Adolf Hitler

Literary hoaxes

Literary forgeries

Fraud

Journalistic hoaxes

Hoaxes in Germany

1983 in Germany

20th-century hoaxes

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Hitler's secret weapons If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below. You haven't posted anything yet. To participate in our discussions, you can create a new thread of reply to existing ones. We'd love to hear from you and value your WW2 knowledge. Results 1 to 2 of 2

Thread: Hitler's secret weapons

1. 09-13-2011#1 DVX

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Sergeant Join Date Feb 2011

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Hitler's secret weapons

"In October 1944, Luigi Romersa, a young Italian journalist, was sent to Germany by Mussolini to gather information on Hitler s secret weapons. During that very spring, at Klessheim Castle near Salzburg, Hitler had tried to reassure Mussolini on the final outcome of the war. He had confided to him that he possessed a bomb that would upset the world, and a number of other secret weapons that would soon be ready for use. Mussolini, who had felt partly lonely and partly reassured by Hitlers words, decided that he wanted to know more about these new and revolutionary weapons. He summoned Luigi Romersa, a young reporter at Corriere della Sera and a staunch supporter of the regime, who not only had been a war correspondent but was also a pilot. Mussolini gave him two letters: one for Goebbels, the other for Hitler, and sent him on a mission to discover some facts. Romersa travelled by car to Berlin where he met Goebbels. The Minister for Propaganda read Mussolinis letter and phoned Hitlers HQ at Rastenburg: a flight was arranged to take Romersa to East Prussia where he met Hitler in person. At Rastenburg, the you ng journalist gave Mussolinis second letter to the Fhrer. From that moment on, all doors were open to him. Luigi Romersa was the only foreigner who was granted access into German secret military bases and into the factories where a new generation of weapons was coming into being. He witnessed various tests and also visited Peenemnde, the impenetrabile rocket launchpad where a pool of scientists led by young Wernher von Braun worked relentlessly. The young journalist saw how a series of V2 rocket were assembled and launched. Il Duces envoy gained the trust and the respect of the German scientists and of the military officers he met. He took detailed note s, photographed everything he saw and started to meet Wernher von Braun regularly. Of all the weapons of new design, the most important was no doubt the A-bomb, or disgregating bomb, as it was called at the time. Romersa witnessed an experiment which took place on Rgen Island in the Baltic Sea. On October 12, 1944, he was one of the few that saw the massive destructive power of th e new bomb. Accordino to Romersas notes, the Germans had not yet managed to build a detonator, a key element for the functioning, and they worked frantically to solve this problem. Romersas mission later continued between Austria and Germany. He collected drawings, photos and notes on everything he saw. In Bremen he met Captain Schriever, nicknamed The Martian, creator of a flying saucer able to reach the speed of 2000 km/h. The inventor showed his drawings to Romersa and discussed the pros and cons of the new machine with him. On returning to Italy, Romersa presented a 40-page-report to Il Duce. When Mussolini asked him for a personal opinion on what hed seen, Romersa replied that it was too late: t he German special weapons project was too much behind schedule to influence the course of the war in any way. The scientists should have needed 6 or 7 more weeks. Il Duce replied that he considered a victory to be still feasible. A few weeks later he was dead, while the Germans were fighting the Allies on Italian territory. A few years after the war Romersa wrote many books about WW2, among them his memories: "Hitler's secret weapons". The Romersa memories fit perfectly with the recent research of prof. Karlsh about the Hitler's bomb. A documentary about this story, "In mission for Mussolini" is available here: http://onebigtorrent.org/torrents/10...-for-Mussolini

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10-10-2011#2 olderbutwiser

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luigi romerso
I have seen the show- very interesting as are all those on WWII. Is it possible that Romerso (who died in 2006) was the last living person to have talked to Hitler- albeit briefly. I am not counting Hitler youth who may have gotten a "good luck" in 44/45 but an adult who was interacting with Hitler. It would seem that talking to Hitler in 44/45 was a ticket to the grave as the last year for all Germans even generals there was a good chance that you would be killed- even by your own SS if not Allied forces. Any thoughts anyone?

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