QA GCE Mate, 208 any ses = Gp B02 GGA2 ‘Question 1 1 1 ® @ @ ® w “There are more 15-29 year olds than 0-14 yoar ols (1) _7-8m O-14s compared to 910m 15-298 / roughly 75% the number of 16-288 (up to 2 mars). Fewer 0-14 year ols / contracting base asa resi ina reduction in {erty ratefout-igration in recent years (1). This could also be a recut ofthe lower numbere of adults In the 25-30 age bands ‘who would be the parents (1). Bulge in the 18-28 age groups cous be the resut of a previous baby boom (1). Contracton in the pyramid nthe 25:39 year olds could be a resut of out-migration of young adut (1) Max. 1 points are nt tnked to an age band. Increase inthe proportion of elderly In the population as a resut ‘of ieeasing ife expectancy, due to improvements in heath care, ‘Standards offing, auton ete. Poland has reachod stage Sin the Demographic Transition Model, whee Birth rates have fain below ‘oath rates. Proportion of elderly women has slo increased dramaticaly since 2000. ‘The lower, but stable birth rate accounts for the narrow base ‘and straight sides in the 0-24 year age groups. This is party due {o people choosing to have a smaller fay because wormen Work ‘avallabity of contecepton, cost of bringing up 8 child in an MEDC fe. The teducton in the number of young could also be a consequence of the previous out-migration of young adults, ‘suggested in the 2000 pyramis, leaving behind fewer aduls in the reproductive age groups. Level 4 Baste) ‘ne change inthe population structure Is consdered. This is tkoly {abe tho incoase inthe adery. Otherwise a good descpion of ‘changes wil be gion but these changes wil not bo accounted fr Level 2 (Clear) Changes in more than one section of the pyramid are ncted and ‘accounted for clear (2marks) (marks) (13 marke) (45 marks)Co) AQNOCE Mik Sens, 208 ry sie - Ger O02 Examine the potential consequences of emigration for a country ‘such a8 Poland, Consequences for he donor county, e.g. Poland, shouldbe the main ‘cus inthis question, The consequences could be posite andor negative, and may be economic or social in nature, Positive consequences might incude: "+ Job prospects fr those remaining behind wil be improved a5 ther are fewer competing for work. (©) + Migrants ofen send money home, much of which Is re- invested in the home economy. (E) ‘+ Retumning migrants bring beck now skis, which may help to revitalise the Rome economy. (E) ‘+ Loss pressure on local resource, such as housing food and ‘education and heath services (E/3) ‘+ Population densty is reduced, (8) {Returning migrants Increase. social expectations. inthe ‘community, demand for improved leisure faces (S) Negative consequences might includ: ‘The los of the young adult labour force may resl in labour shortages () + The loss of the most sklled and those wih entrepreneurial {aleni, which may slow economic growth / negative muRipor fect ©) + There may be an imbalanced population structure, with a spropertonate number of elderly, and fewer males, this can have longterm consequences, Family stuctie may break ‘down. (@) ‘+ Returning migrants may impose a social cost on the ‘communty I suppor mechanisms aro notin place car for them, e9 those returning home on retirement (SIE) Levelt (Basie) ‘no oF two ofthe bulot ponts mgnt be used ut mere wat be-no attempt fo sivcure the answer. The organisation wil bo poor and {here mey be reference tothe impacts of migration on the destination ‘There may be dit into causes orimpects onthe dosthation Level 2 (Clear) ‘A focused answer, which concentrates on the source county but Support wil be somewhat generic. The response wil probably be ‘one-sided, most probably considering the nogative impacis. Substitute ‘dopth for breadth hero. Level 3 (Detailed) The answer wil consider a range of impacts brought about by ‘outsmigraton onthe source country. Addtonaly, there fs ely to be an attempt to classy the effects, perhaps as economic and socal Consoquonces oF postive and negate. Another route i Level 3 might be the use of @ woleamed case study, using more proce ‘ota (15 marks) (6-8 marks) (910 marks)GGA2 ‘Question @ » 0 o ec AOA CE tn Se 20:7 ss Negative relationship (1). Overall the fry rato has fallen ‘and the mean age of mother at bith has risen (1). Accurate se of values wil give an elaboration mark, These values wil be calculated, not led, e.g. fertity rate has falen by 0.19 ctdren per woman and the age of the mother at bith has tisen by 24 yeas. ‘Otherwise the second mark can come from noting anomalies to ‘he overal rend, e.g the FR rose in 1991, 2marks “The number of chilren has fallen and age of bith of mother tigen because Increasingly women choose unversiy, and Careers over mariage and chidresrng (upto 2). Chien are fexpensive, so many peopl delay starting a family unl they an afford the cost. ‘Some people choose greater persons \weatth and mataral possessions over children (up 02). possible to contol famiy size and bith in the UK as bith Control and abortions are avalable (1). Older females ar less fertie eo tse delaying staring & family are less able to conceive (up 02) ‘smarks fg) ae | Sen ee statorary | exuding expending | stony ‘0 lo hs Teal Pepa Ps feos Level marking Level 4 (Basic) (13 marks) 2 slages eccurate but no lbelelabels but no tnes (1) Gverah shape correct but. slages 2/3 not absoliely accurate? stages accurate with abols (2) 2etages accurate wih more detaled and correct annotation throughout (3) Level 2 (Clear) (45 marks) ‘An accurate sketch ofall 45 stages, with some labels eg ‘name of stage (6) AS stages corecty sketched and labolled in more deta ‘names of stages and examples of counties (5)