3.

2 How Atoms Combine

Compounds
Two or more elements combined chemically. Ex:
water carbon dioxide table salt

Chemical Bonds
Covalent bonds

Ionic bonds

Metallic bonds

Covalent Bonds
Electrons are shared. Both elements nonmetals. Molecules are formed with covalent bonds.
Ex: H2O CO2 C6H12O6

Ionic Bonds
Electrons are transferred. One atom gains, one loses electrons. Electrical attraction between ions of opposite charge. Between metal nonmetal. Ex: NaCl, KF, CaBr2

Ionic Bond

Metallic Bonds
In metals, valence electrons are shared, free to move about. Metalmetal. Metals conduct electricity easily.

Polar Covalent Molecules

Electrons are shared, but not equally. Some atoms have a stronger pull for the electrons. Molecule not symmetrical in shape (unbalanced).

Nonpolar Covalent Molecules

Equal distribution of charge around a central atom.
Molecule has a symmetrical shape

Water Molecule
Water is a polar molecule. Electrons are not shared equally by the H and O atoms.

Surface tension
Water molecules stick together. Forms a thin surface on top.