Works Cited Patchen, Martin. "Making Our Schools More Effective: What Matters and What Works.

" Springfield, Illinois: Thomas, Charles C., 2004. Print. This book discusses how effective the classroom environment is and what is working to help students learn. The author talks about what is most important and what works to improve student learning and how it can be made better. This book also asks about what the curriculum should contain, how students should be assessed and how to keep students' attention in the classroom. This will help me know what to look for while observing a classroom. It can give me a better understanding of what teachers are trying to do with their different methods and what the students are taking in through the lesson.

Suits, Beverly Kay J., "Redirection of Student Attention Using Verbal and Nonverbal Cues" (1983). UNF Theses and Dissertations. Paper 31. Web. 18 March 2013. This is a study that focused on both verbal and non-verbal communication in the classroom and what was more effective. Student distractions were also observed and tallied for three different teachers. It looks at how the students reacted to the different forms of communication and what it takes to keep the students focused on learning in the classroom. This will help me in arguing my point for getting students' attention back on learning. It also contains additional observation data that I can use to further back up some of my statements when writing the paper. It will also be more information to call on when it comes time to state my findings in my observation of a classroom.

Brophy, Jere. "Motivating Students to Learn (Third Edition)." New York, New York: Routledge, 2010. Web. 22 March 2013. This book focuses on how to keep students motivated to learn. It talks about methods of promoting learning in the classroom and the best ways to keep students involved in the curriculum. This can give me a little insight as to how some teachers are keeping the students focused on learning while also motivating them to do well.

Dornyei, Zoltan. "Creating a Motivating Classroom Environment (Chapter 43)." Nottingham, UK: Springer US, 2007. Web. 22 March 2013. This chapter addresses the complex question of what makes a classroom environment motivating. Concepts that are discussed are how teachers are conducting their classes and what types of exercises are best for motivating the students to do well in school. This can give me another perspective on what is going on in some classrooms to promote students to enjoy their education and want to take their learning further than what is required of them.

Bonwell, Charles C. - Eison, James A. "Active Learning: Creating Excitement in the Classroom." Washington, D.C., 1991. Web. 24 March 2013. This paper discusses how teachers can keep students focused and involved in their learning process. It talks about strategies for comparing notes, giving ungraded assignments in

class time and having demonstrations to appeal to different kinds of learning. This will be very helpful in explaining what can be done in education to help the students keep focused.