Formula Sheet Throughput rate = 1 ___ Cycle time

Velocity = Throughput time____ Value-added time Operation time = Setup time + Run time Efficiency = Actual output______ Standard Output Utilization = Time Activated___ Time Available
CT = Production time per period Required output per period

Littles Law: Throughput time = Work-in-process Throughput rate Control Chart Formulas
sp = p (1 - p) n
p = Total defective Total observations

UCL = p + Z s p
UCLR LCL R
k

LCL = p - Z s p
UCLX = X + A2 R LCL X = X A2 R
k k

= D4 R = D3 R

Ri i= 1 = k

Xi i= 1 X = k

i= 1 R = k

R
i

Table of Control Chart Constants

n 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 A2 1.88 1.02 0.73 0.58 0.48 0.42 0.37 0.34 0.31 0.29 D3 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.26 D4 3.27 2.57 2.28 2.11 2.00 1.92 1.86 1.82 1.78 1.74

Process Capability
X LTL UTL - X C pk = min or 3 3

Cp =

(UTL LTL ) 6

Central Limit Theorem

x = /
n

x =

( A2 R ) 3

Defects per million opportunities(DPMO)

DPMO = Number of defects (1,000,000) (error opportunities per unit )(number of units )