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japanese
phrasebook
Compiled by

the Rough Guide

L E X US

w w w. ro u g h g u i d e s . c o m

Credits Compiled by Lexus with T. Yahata Hyland and Kumi Liley Lexus Series Editor: Sally Davies Rough Guides Reference Director: Andrew Lockett Rough Guides Series Editor: Mark Ellingham First edition published in 1998 by Rough Guides Ltd. Revised in 2001. This updated edition published in 2006 by Rough Guides Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL 345 Hudson St, 4th Floor, New York 10014, USA Email: mail@roughguides.co.uk.
Distributed by the Penguin Group. Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL Penguin Putnam, Inc., 375 Hudson Street, NY 10014, USA Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 1E4 Penguin Group (New Zealand), Cnr Rosedale and Airborne Roads, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand Typeset in Bembo and Helvetica to an original design by Henry Iles. Printed in Italy by LegoPrint S.p.A No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher except for the quotation of brief passages in reviews. Lexus Ltd 2006 304pp. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 13: 978-1-84353-634-5 ISBN 10: 1-84353-634-X

The publishers and authors have done their best to ensure the accuracy and currency of all information in The Rough Guide Japanese Phrasebook however, they can accept no responsibility for any loss or inconvenience sustained by any reader using the book. Online information about Rough Guides can be found at our website www.roughguides.com

contents
Introduction Basic Phrases Scenarios English - Japanese  Japanese - English Japanese - English: Signs and Notices Menu Reader
Food  238 Drink  258

5 8 13 31 178 215

How the Language Works

Pronunciation  263 Abbreviations  263 General; Articles; Nouns  264 Pronouns  265 Possessives  268 Postpositional Particles  269 Verbs  275 Adjectives  279 Adverbs  282 Word Order; Yes and No  283 And  284 Masculine and Feminine Forms of Speech  285 Counting  286 Dates  288 Days; Months; Time  290 Numbers  292 Conversion Tables  294

Introduction
he Rough Guide Japanese dictionary phrasebook is a highly practical introduction to the contemporary language. Laid out in clear A-Z style, it uses key-word referencing to lead you straight to the words and phrases you want so if you need to book a room, just look up room. The Rough Guide gets straight to the point in every situation, in bars and shops, on trains and buses, and in hotels and banks. The main part of the Rough Guide is a double dictionary: English-Japanese then Japanese-English. Before that, theres a section called Basic Phrases and to get you involved in two-way communication, the Rough Guide includes, in this new edition, a set of Scenario dialogues illustrating questions and responses in key situations such as renting a car and asking directions. You can hear these and then download them free from www.roughguides. com/phrasebooks for use on your computer or MP3 player. Forming the heart of the guide, the English-Japanese section gives easy-to-use transliterations of the Japanese words wherever pronunciation might be a problem. Throughout this section, cross-references enable you to pinpoint key facts and phrases, while asterisked words indicate where further information can be found in a section at the end of the book called How the Language Works. This section sets out the fundamental rules of the language, with plenty of practical examples. Youll also find here other essentials like numbers, dates, telling the time and basic phrases. The Japanese-English section is in two parts: a dictionary, arranged phonetically, of all the words and phrases youre likely to hear (starting with a section of slang and colloquialisms); then a compilation, arranged by subject, of various signs, labels, instructions and other basic words you may come across in print or in public places. Near the back of the book too the Rough Guide offers an extensive Menu Reader. Consisting of food and drink sections (each starting with a list of essential terms), its indispensable whether youre eating out, stopping for a quick drink, or browsing through a local food market.
!"#$%&'( tanoshi goryoko o!

BASICS

Introduction

have a good trip!

Basic Phrases

BASIC PHRASES
8

yes

hai
no

goodbye (formal)

NO
ie

xyz{|
(informal) dewa mata

sayonara

PQR
OK

}~
(between friends) ja ne

oke

STUV

ja, mata!

see you later! hello

konnichi wa

WXYZ[
(on phone) moshi-moshi
please (requesting something)

\]^_

yes, please

onegai shimasu

good morning

ohayo gozaimasu
good evening

`abcdefgh
komban wa

hai, onegai shimasu

could you please ...?

ijklm
good night (when leaving)

... -te kuremasen ka?

thank you

arigato

osaki ni

nop qrstuvw

thank you very much

(when going to bed) oyasuminasai

honto ni arigato gozaimasu

!"#$%&'() *+,-./

BASIC PHRASES

no, thank you

ie kekko desu

sorry?/pardon me?

012345678 9
dont mention it

nante imashita ka?

pqrstuvwx

do itashimashite

:;<=>?@A

I see/I understand

naruhodo

yz{|
I dont understand how do you do?

wakarimasen

hajimemashite
how are you?

BCDEFG
ogenki desu ka?
Im fine, thanks

}~
do you speak English?

Eigo o hanasemasu ka?

I dont speak Japanese

HIJKLMN
okagesama de

nihongo wa hanasemasen

OPQRST
nice to meet you

could you speak more slowly?

hajimemashite

UVWXYZ

motto yukkuri hanashite kuremasen ka?

could you repeat that?

excuse me (to get past)

shitsurei shimasu

mo ichido itte kuremasen ka?

[\]^_

excuse me! (to get attention)

`abcdefghi
excuse me/sorry

chotto sumimasen!

gomennasai

jklmno
9

Scenarios

1. Accommodation
is there an inexpensive hotel you can recommend? a yasume no hoteru o shkai shite kuremasu ka? zannen desu ga, subete yoyaku zumi desu b Im sorry, they all seem to be fully booked can you give me the name of a good middle-range hotel? a ch gurai no hoteru wa arimasu ka? sdesu ne, chshin bu ga desu ka? b let me have a look; do you want to be in the centre? if possible a dekireba sukoshi hazure demo desu ka? b do you mind being a little way out of town? not too far out a amari tku nai h ga desu where is it on the map? a chizu no doko desu ka? can you write the name and address down? a namae to jysho o kaite kudasai Im looking for a room in a private house a minsyuku o sagashite imasu Id like to stay in a ryokan, a Japanese-style hotel a ryokan ni tomaritai desu

13

Scenarios Japanese

2. Banks
bank account to change money cheque to deposit pin number pound to withdraw gink kza rygae shimasu kogitte yokin shimasu ansh bang pondo hikidashi masu kza bang account number tesry commission tza yokin current account chochik(u) yokin savings account shiten kdo sort code

14

Scenarios Japanese

can you change this into yen? a yen ni rygae shite kudasai could I have three 10,000 yen notes, two 5,000 yen notes and five 100 yen coins? a ichiman en satsu sanmai, gosen en satsu nimai to hyaku en dama goko kudasai do you have information in English about opening an account? a kza ni tsuite Eigo no setsum wa arimasu ka?

hai, donna kza ga desu ka? b yes, what sort of account do you want? Id like a current account a tza yokin ga desu pasupto o misete kudasai b your passport, please

can I use this card to draw some cash? a kono kdo de genkin ga hikidasemasu ka? kaik ni itte kudasai b you have to go to the cashiers desk I want to transfer this to my account at Nippon Bank a kore o Nippon Gink no watashi no kza ni skin shite kudasai shchi shimashita, demo denwa rykin o itadakimasu b OK, but well have to charge you for the phonecall

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3. Booking a room
shower telephone in the room payphone in the lobby shaw heya no denwa kshdenwa

Scenarios Japanese

do you have any rooms? a heya wa arimasu ka? a nanm sama desu ka? for how many people? a hai, aki beya ga arimasu yes, we have rooms free a nanpaku desu ka? for how many nights? how much is it? a ikura desu ka? furo tsuki de ichi man en, furo nashi de hassen en desu b ten thousand yen with bathroom and eight thousand yen without bathroom does that include breakfast? a chshoku tsuki desu ka? can I see a room with bathroom? a furo tsuki no heya o misete kuremasu ka? ok, Ill take it a kore ni shimasu when do I have to check out? a chekku auto wa nanji desu ka? is there anywhere I can leave luggage? a nimotsu okiba wa arimasu ka? just for one night a hito ban dake desu for one/for two a hitori desu/futari desu

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15

4. Car hire
automatic full tank manual rented car Id like to rent a car a renta k o karitainodesu ga a nan nichi kan desu ka? for how long? Ill take the ... ani shimasu is that with unlimited mileage? a sk kyori wa musgen desu ka? hai b it is two days a futsuka desu o-tomachikku mantan manyuaru renta k

16

Scenarios Japanese

menkyo sh o misete kudasai b can I see your driving licence, please? sorekara pasupto mo b and your passport is insurance included? a hoken komi desu ka? so desu ga, saisho no ichi man en wa jiko futan gaku desu b yes, but you have to pay the first ten thousand yen hoshkin wa ichi man en desu b can you leave a deposit of ten thousand yen? and if this office is closed, where do I leave the keys? a kono ofisu ga shimatte itara dokoni k o kaeshimash ka? ano hako ni irete kudasai b you drop them in that box

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5. Communications
ADSL modem at dial-up modem dot Internet mobile (phone) password telephone socket adaptor wireless hotspot ADSL modemu atto daiyaru appu modemu dotto intnetto ktai (denwa) pasuwdo denwa soketto adaput waiyaresu hotto supotto

Scenarios Japanese

is there an Internet caf around here? a kono chikaku ni intnetto kafe wa arimasu ka? can I send email from here? a koko kara denshi mru o okuremasu ka? wheres the at sign on the keyboard? a kono kbdo dewa dore ga atto desu ka? can you switch this to a UK keyboard? a UK kbdo ni henkan dekimasu ka? can you help me log on? a rogu in o tetsudatte kuremasu ka? Im not getting a connection, can you help? a setsuzoku dekimasen, mite kuremasu ka? where can I get a top-up card for my mobile? a doko de ktai denwa no toppu appu kdo o kaemasu ka? can you put me through to...? a ni tsunaide kudasai zero one two three four zero ichi ni san yon five six seven eight nine go roku nana hachi ky

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6. Directions
where? doko? which direction? dochira no hgaku?

18

Scenarios Japanese

hi, Im looking for Shinjuku a sumimasen, Shinjuku o sagashite imasu gomennasai, shirimasen b sorry, never heard of it hi, can you tell me where Shinjuku is? a sumimasen, Shinjuku wa dochira desu ka? watashi mo shiranaindesu b Im a stranger here too hi, Shinjuku, do you know where it is? a sumimasen, Shinjuku wa doko daka wakarimasu ka ? sono kado b around the corner futatsume no shing o hidari b left at the second traffic lights soshite saisho no migi no michi b then its the first street on the right asoko ni over there chikaku near hantai gawa opposite hidari ni on the left no mae in front of massugu mae straight ahead migi(gawa) ni on the right motto saki further o sugite past the ... sugu ato just after tonari, tsugi next tri street ushiro back wakare michi turn off

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7. Emergencies
accident jiko ambulance kykysha help! a tasukete! can you help me? a tasukete kudasai please come with me! its really very urgent a issho ni kite kudasai! kinky jitai desu Ive lost (my keys) a (kagi) o nakushimashita (my car) is not working a (kuruma) ga kosh shimashita (my purse) has been stolen a (saifu) ga nusumaremashita Ive been mugged a gt ni aimashita o namae wa? b whats your name? pasupto o misete kudasai b I need to see your passport Im sorry, all my papers have been stolen a gomennasai, shorui ga zembu nusumaremashita consul ryjikan embassy taishikan fire brigade shbtai police ksatsu

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19

Scenarios Japanese

8. Friends
hi, howre you doing? a konnichiwa, o genki desu ka? hai, anata wa? b OK, and you? yeah, fine a ee, genki desu not bad a waruku arimasen

20

Scenarios Japanese

dyou know Mark? a Mark-san o go zonji desu ka? and this is Hannah a kochira wa Hannah-san desu where do you know each other from? a doko de o ai ni narimashita ka? Kenji-san no tokoro de ai mashita b we met at Kenjis place that was some party, eh? a yoi pt deshita ne? are you guys coming for a beer? a bru o nomini ikimasen ka? a ne, ikimash cool, lets go a e, Yko-san to aimasu no, Im meeting Yko jy ne b see you saik b the best ee, shitte imasu b yeah, we know each other

see you at Lukes place tonight a Luke-san no tokoro de konya aimash

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9. Health
Im not feeling very well a kibun ga suguremasen can you get a doctor? a isha o yonde kuremasu ka? doko ga itai desu ka? b where does it hurt? it hurts here a koko ga itai desu a itami wa tsuzuite imasu ka? is the pain constant? can I make an appointment? a yoyaku wa toremasu ka? can you give me something for ...? a no kusuri o kuremasu ka? yes, I have insurance a hai, hoken ni haitte imasu antibiotics antiseptic ointment cystitis dentist diarrhoea doctor hospital ill medicine painkillers pharmacy to prescribe thrush ksbusshitsu kandome nank bken haisha geri isha byin byki kusuri itami dome yakkyoku shoh suru kanjida sh its not a constant pain a zutto itaku wa arimasen

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21

Scenarios Japanese

10. Language difficulties

a few words interpreter to translate ikutsu ka no kotoba tsyaku honyaku suru

22

Scenarios Japanese

anata no kurejitto kdo wa kyohi saremashita b your credit card has been refused what, I dont understand; do you speak English? a e? wakarimasen, Eigo o hanasemasu ka? kore wa muk desu b this isnt valid could you say that again? a m ichido itte kudasai slowly a yukkuri

I understand very little Japanese a Nihongo wa hotondo hanasemasen I speak Japanese very badly a Nihongo wa amari hanasemasen kono kdo de harau koto wa dekimasen b you cant use this card to pay a wakarimasu ka? do you understand? sorry, no a gomennasai, wakarimasen

is there someone who speaks English? a dare ka Eigo o hanaseru hito wa imasu ka? oh, now I understand a , ima wakarimashita is that ok now? a dewa, kore de desu ka?

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11. Meeting people

hello a konnichiwa konnichiwa, watashi wa Kumiko desu b hello, my names Kumiko Graham, from England, Thirsk a watashi wa Igirisu no Thirsk kara kita Graham desu sore wa shirimasen, doko desu ka? b dont know that, where is it? not far from York, in the North; and you? a hokubu no York no chikaku desu, anata wa? watashi wa saka kara kimashita, anata wa kochira dewa o hitori desu ka? b Im from saka; here by yourself? no, Im with my wife and two kids a e, tsuma to kodomo futari ga kochira ni imasu what do you do? a o shigoto wa? me too a watashi mo heres my wife now a kore ga watashi no tsuma desu hajime mashite b nice to meet you kompyt kank desu b Im in computers

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23

Scenarios Japanese

12. Post offices

airmail kkbin post card ehagaki post office ybinkyoku stamp kitte

24

Scenarios Japanese

what time does the post office close? syjitsu wa goji desu b a ybinkyoku wa nanji ni shimarimasu ka? five oclock weekdays is the post office open on Saturdays? a Doybi ni ybinkyoku wa aite imasu ka? Id like to send this registered to England a kore o Igirisu ni kakitome de okuritai no desu ga wakarimashita, san byaku yen desu b certainly, that will cost 300 yen and also two stamps for England, please a sorekara Igirisu e no kitte o ni mai kudasai do you have some airmail stickers? a kkbin no sutekk wa arimasu ka? do you have any mail for me? a watashi e no ybinbutsu wa arimasu ka? / kokunai kaigai/kokusai shokan kozutsumi kyokudome ybin domestic international letters parcels poste restante shgo made b until midday

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13. Restaurants
bill menu table kanj gaki meny tburu

Scenarios Japanese

can we have a non-smoking table? a kinen seki o onegai shimasu? there are two of us a futari desu there are four of us a yonin desu sakana no issyu desu b its a type of fish kono tochi no mbutsu desu b its a local speciality naka ni dzo, o mise shimash b come inside and Ill show you we would like two of these, one of these, and one of those a kore o futatsu, kore o hitotsu, soshite are o hitotsu kudasai a o nomimono wa? and to drink? a beer and two orange juices a bru hitotsu to orenji jsu futatsu some more bread please a motto pan o kudasai a ikaga deshita ka? how was your meal? a hoka ni wa? anything else? excellent!, very nice! a saik! totemo oishikatta desu! just the bill thanks a okanj onegai shimasu red wine a aka wain white wine a shiro wain

whats this? a korewa nan desu ka?

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25

14. Shopping
nani ka, o sagashi desu ka? b can I help you? can I just have a look around? a miru dake desu how much is this? a kore wa ikura desu ka? ni sen en b two thousand yen OK, I think Ill have to leave it; its a little too expensive for me a wakarimashita, yamete okimasu, sukoshi taka sugi masu kore wa d desu ka? b how about this? can I pay by credit card? a kurejitto kdo de haraemasu ka? its too big a ki sugi masu its too small a chsa sugi masu yes, Im looking for ... a hai, o kaitaino desu ga

26

Scenarios Japanese

its for my son hes about this high a musuko no desu kore gurai no takasa desu a hoka ni nani ka? will there be anything else? thats all thanks a kore de zembu desu

make it five thousand yen and Ill take it a go sen en ni shite kurereba kai masu fine, Ill take it a desu, kaimasu

o shiharai hten kaiten bgen sru torikaeru

cash desk closed open sale to exchange

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15. Sightseeing
art gallery bus tour city centre closed bijutsukan basu tsu chshinbu shimatte iru guide museum open gaido hakubutsukan aite iru

Scenarios Japanese

Im interested in seeing the old town a kyshigai ga mitai desu are there guided tours? a gaido tsuki no tsu wa arimasu ka? mshiwake arimasen, manseki desu b Im sorry, its fully booked how much would you charge to drive us around for four hours? a yo jikan no kank doraibu wa ikura desu ka? can we book tickets for the concert here? a koko de konsto no kippu o yoyaku dekimasu ka? a hai, o namae wa? yes, in what name? a dono kurejitto kdo? which credit card?

where do we pick up the tickets? a kippu wa doko de moraemasu ka? iriguchi de uketotte kudasai b just pick them up at the entrance is it open on Sundays? a Nichiybi wa aite imasu ka? how much is it to get in? a njry wa ikura desu ka? are there reductions for groups of 6? a roku nin no dantai ni waribiki wa arimasu ka? that was really impressive! a totemo yokatta desu!
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27

16. Trains
to change trains platform return single station stop ticket norikaeru purattofmu fuku katamichi eki eki kippu

28

Scenarios Japanese

how much is ...? a wa ikura desu ka? a single, second class to ... a katamichi hitori, futssha, made two returns, second class to ... a fuku futari, futssha, ... made for today a ky no for tomorrow a ashita no for next Tuesday a raisy no Kaybi

Shinkansen wa tokubetsu rykin desu b theres a supplement for the Bullet Train zaseki o yoyaku shimasu ka? b do you want to make a seat reservation? Okayama de norikaete kudasai b you have to change at Okayama what time is the last train to Kyoto? a Kyoto e no saisydensha wa nanji desu ka? is this seat free? a kono seki wa aite imasu ka? excuse me, which station are we at? a sumimasen, koko wa doko no eki desu ka? is this where I change for Okayama? a Okayama e wa koko de norikae desu ka?

English Japanese

A
a, an* hitotsu

ache

fg
desu

itami koshi ga itai

English Japanese

my back aches

!"#$%&
its about 5 oclock a film about Japan

(no)

about: about 20

' ()*+ ,-./

ni-ju kurai goji goro Nihon ni

hijklm
across: across the road

no mukogawa
adapter

michi

nopqr stuvw xy
jusho
whats your address?

adapta

tsuite no eiga
above

012345678 9:;< =>? @AB

no ue ni gaikok de dasshimen

address

gojusho wa?
address book

abroad

z{|}~
adult

jushorok

absorbent cotton accelerator

ABCDEFGHIJKLAf

admission charge

CDEF

akseru uketorimasu

nyujoryo

accept (present)

GHIJKL MNOPQR
jiko

otona mae-

(credit card etc) uketsukemasu

accident

advance: in advance

motte jiko

ST

after you

aeroplane after

hikoki

theres been an accident

UVWXYZ[\
accommodation

ga arimashita

after lunch after all

no ato de dozo osaki ni chushoku-go ni

]^ _`

heya

account accurate

koza seikak (na)

abcde

kekkyoku

31

afternoon

gogo gogo ni

GH
AIDS air

32

English Japanese

in the afternoon

ni

IJK LM
kuki
by air (travel)

eizu

this afternoon

kyo no gogo

aftershave aftersun cream

!"#
roshon afutasan-

afuta-shebu

NOPQ RSTU VWXY Z[\]

futo

hikoki de

(send) kokubin de
air-conditioning

eya-kon kokubin de

airmail: by airmail airmail envelope

afterwards

$% &'

ato de

kokubin-yo

again

mata to

^_`abcde
airplane airport

against (opposed to)

fgh ij

hikoki

ABCDEFGHIJKLAf

hantai (no)

()*+,-.
(position) ni tatekakete

kuko

/012345
age

to the airport, please kuko made, onegai shimasu

toshi dairinin

klmnopqrs t uvwxyz {|}~

rimujin-basu tsurogawa no seki mezamashi-

agent ago

789 :
mae

airport bus aisle seat

a week ago

;<=>
an hour ago

isshukan-mae ichijikan-mae dokan desu

alarm clock

dokei

?@AB CDEF
agreement

arukoru osake

alcohol

agree: I agree

alcoholic drink

kyotei

all: all the ... all of it

all of them

wa minna

<=>?
although its expensive

English Japanese

takai

sore zembu zembu

keredomo
altogether always

@ABCDE FGHI JKL

zembu de itsumo watashi wa desu gozen shichiji ni

thats all, thanks sore dake desu, domo arigato

watashi wa arerugi desu

am*: I am

MNOPQ RSTUV
at 1am

allergic: Im allergic to ...

am: at 7am

allowed: is it allowed?

i desu

WXYZ[
beki

gozen ichiji ni odoroku-

amazing (surprising)

all right

ka?

!"#$
Im all right

kekko desu

\]^_

(very good) subarashi

ABCDEFGHIJKLAm

(I agree) dokan desu

`abcd
ambulance

%&'()
desu ka?

daijobu desu daijobu

efg

kyukyusha

call an ambulance!

are you all right?

kyukyusha o yonde kudasai!

*+,-./0
almost alone

hijklmnop qrs
America Amerika

1234 567 89 :;
hitori mo

hotondo

tuvw

American (adj) Amerika

xyz{|}~

(no)

already also

Im American watashi wa Amerika-jin desu among

mo keredomo

no naka de

although

33

amount

ryo

34

English Japanese

can we have another room?

(of money) gak

amp: a 13-amp fuse

betsu no heya wa arimasu ka?

and*

jusan-ampeya no hyuz soshite

()*+,-./0 12
another beer, please

3456789:; <=>?@A
antibiotics

biru o mo hitotsu onegai shimasu kosei-busshitsu

(with nouns) to (at beginning of sentence) sorekara

BCDE
zai

antihistamine

ko-hisutaminsore

FGHIJKL
antique: is it an antique?

angry

okotta dobutsu

animal ankle

MNOPQRST UV
antique shop antiseptic

wa kottohin desu ka?

ABCDEFGHIJKLAm

ashikubi

WXYZ [\]

kottohin-ten

shodoku-zai o

anniversary (wedding)

kekkon-kinen-bi

any: do you have any ...?

motte imasu ka? o

annoy: this mans annoying me kono hito wa watashi

^_`abcde fg
have you got any bread/ cherries? pan/sakuranbo

annoying

komarasete imasu

wa

arimasu ka?

!"

iraira suru betsu no

hijklmnop qrstuv
sorry, I dont have any

another (different)

(one more) mo hitotsu

sumimasen, motte imasen

#$%&'

wxyz{|}~

anybody

dare ka

apple

English Japanese

does anybody speak English? dare ka Eigo

ringo yoyaku

ga

appointment

hanasemasu ka?

there wasnt anybody there

dialogue
good morning, how can I help you? ohayo

soko niwa dare mo imasen deshita

anything

gozaimasu, ikaga itashimasho?

Id like to make an appointment yoyaku

nani ka

shitai no desu ga

dialogue
anything else? hoka ni nani ka? nothing else, thanks hoka niwa nai desu, arigato
would you like anything to drink? nani ka nomimasu

what time would you like?

nanji ga yoroshi desu ka? three oclock sanji ga i desu

Im afraid thats not possible, is four oclock all right? moshiwake

ABCDEFGHIJKLAp

ka? arimasen, arigato

apart from apartment I dont want anything, thanks nani mo hoshiku

igai dewa

apat(o) manshon

arimasen ga sanji wa ippai desu, yoji dewa ikaga desu ka? yes, that will be fine hai, i desu the name was? onamae o itadakemasu ka?
apricot April

apartment block appetizer

zensai

anzu

Shigatsu

35

are*

desu anata wa

PQRSTUVW
art

36

English Japanese

you are (sing)

XY

bijutsu bijutsu-kan

desu

chiki shigai-kyokuban

art gallery artist

Z[\ ]^_

they are (men/women) karera/ kanojotachi wa desu

geijutsu-ka to onaji

as: as big as ...

okisa no

area

`abcdefg
as soon as possible

dekiru

area code arm

ude

dake hayaku
ashtray

hijklmn op
haizara

arrange

!"#$%

tehai shimasu

Asia Ajia

qrs tuvwxy
(noun) Ajia-jin (no)

sore o tehai shite kuremasu ka?

will you arrange it for us?

Asian (adj) Ajia

ABCDEFGHIJKLAr

&'()*+,-. /012 34
tochaku tsukimasu itsu

z{|}
ask

arrival arrive

tanomimasu kore wa

5678

I didnt ask for this

tanonde imasen

when do we arrive?

tsukimasu ka?

9:;<=>?@
has my fax arrived yet?

could you ask him to ...?

watashi no fakkus wa todokimashita ka? kyo

ni yo tanonde kuremasen ka?

kare

ABCDEFGHI JKLMNO
we arrived today

kanojo wa nemutte imasu

asleep: shes asleep

tsukimashita

aspirin

zensoku odoroku hodo

asupirin

23456789: ;<=
automatic (adj)

English Japanese

asthma

>?@AB
aki

jido (no)

astonishing

(noun: car) otomachikku

autumn

(no)

hoteru de eki de rokuji ni no
at the station at six oclock

CDEFGHIJ K
in the autumn

at: at the hotel

LM

aki ni

avalanche avenue

NOP QRS

nadare

odori heikin-teki

at Yukikos Yukiko-san

tokoro de

Hachigatsu oba genkin-jido-shiharaiki miryoku-teki (na)

average (not good)

(na)

TUVWXY
on average

ATM

Z[\]

heikin shite kare wa

ABCDEFGHIJKLBa

attractive August

awake: is he awake?

okite imasu ka?

^_`abcde fg hijklmno
is it far away?

aunt (ones own)

away: go away!

atchi e itte!

(someone elses) oba-san

Australia

!"#$%&' ()*+,./01

Osutoraria

pqrstu
awful

toi desu ka?

Australian (adj)

Osutoraria

vwx

hidoi

(no)

B
baby

Im Australian watashi wa Osutoraria-jin desu

yz{|

akachan

37

baby food

}~

bebi-fudo honyubin

badminton bag

!
kaban (paper bag) fukuro

badominton

38

English Japanese

babys bottle baby-sitter

senaka (back part) ura
at the back

bebi-shitta

back (of body)

(carrier bag) biniru-bukuro

"#$%&
baggage

(handbag) handobaggu

'()*+, -.
nimotsu

ushiro ni

can I have my money back?

baggage checkroom

okane o kaeshite kuremasen ka?

tenimotsu-azukari-jo

to come back

/01234
baggage claim

tenimotsu-uketori-jo

modotte

56789:
bakers

ABCDEFGHIJKLBa

kimasu

to go back

;<=

pan-ya beranda

modotte

balcony

ikimasu

warui hidoi zutsu koshi no itami bekon

>?@A

a room with a balcony

backache bacon bad

beranda-tsuki no heya
ball

BCDEFGHIJ KLM
take takenoko boru
ballpoint pen bamboo

NOPQR S

boru-pen

a bad headache

not bad badly

hidoku

mama desu

bamboo shoots

TUVW XYZ

banana

banana

band (musical)

[\] ^_

bando

English Japanese

with a private bathroom

bandage

hotai

basu-tsuki no heya
bath towel bathtub

bay be*

basu-taoru

Bandaid bando-eido

`abcde fg
ginko

yokuso

bank (money)

bank account

hijk lmno pq
ba

ginko-koza kawase-tegata

battery (for radio etc)

denchi

bankers draft bar

(for car) batteri

!"#$% &
wan desu hamabe

a bar of chocolate

chokoreto-ba
barbers

rstuvwxy z{ |} ~
toko-ya yakyu
baseball basket

'( )*

beach

ABCDEFGHIJKLBe

on the beach

+,bean curd

hamabe de

kago

./ 0

tofu

beans

mame daizu

(in shop) basuketto

basketball bath

soya beans

ofuro
can I have a bath?

basuketto-boru

12
beard

34

hige

beautiful (object, painting)

bathroom

ofuro ni haitte mo i desu ka? ofuro-ba

subarashi

56789
(person, view) kirei (na)

:;<= >?@

(building) utsukushi

39

because

ABCD

nazenara no tame ni beddo

40

English Japanese

beginning: at the beginning

hajime ni

because of ...

EFGHI JKL MN

behind

bed (Western-style)

behind me

no ushiro ni watashi no

(Japanese-style) nedoko
Im going to bed now

ushiro ni
below belt

beruto kabu shindai no shita ni

sorosoro nemasu
bed and breakfast

OPQRSTU
choshoku-tsuki yado

VWXYZ [\] ^_ `a
bedroom

bend (in road) berth (on ship) beside best

bedding (Japanese)

futon

shinshitsu

beef

gyuniku biru

!"#$% &'()*
motto i saiko (no)

no soba ni

ABCDEFGHIJKLBe

beer

two beers, please biru futatsu, onegai shimasu

bcd

better

are you feeling better?

efghijklm nopq rst

mae ni hajimarimasu itsu

kibun wa yoku narimashita ka?

before begin

+,-./0123 456
between beyond bicycle big

uvwxy

789:

no aida ni

when does it begin?

;<=>?@ ABC DEF

oki jitensha

no muko ni

hajimarimasu ka?
beginner

z{|}~
shoshinsha

too big

GHIJKL
its not big enough

okisugimasu

a bit expensive

chotto takai

English Japanese

chisasugimasu
bikini

bite (by insect)

desu

MNOPQR
bill seikyusho

mushi-sasare

STU VWX YZ[ \]

bikini

(by dog) inu no kamikizu

bitter (taste etc)

(in restaurant, bar etc) okanjo (US: banknote) shihei

could I have the bill, please?

nigai

black

kuroi mofu

blanket blind

okanjo o onegai shimasu

^_`abcde fg
bin

me no fujiyu na hito (no)

(sink) tsumatta fusagatta buraindo

hij k
tori

gomibako

ABCDEFGHIJKLBl

blinds

bird

blocked (road, pipe)

birthday

lmn

tanjobi

happy birthday!

opqrstuvw xyz{|
biscuit

otanjobi omedeto gozaimasu! bisuketto sukoshi

blond (adj) blood

!"#$% &'
ketsueki

kimpatsu (no)

}~
a big bit a bit of ...

high blood pressure

koketsuatsu

bit: a little bit

()*
blouse blow-dry

oki bubun o sukoshi

+,-.

burausu buro-dorai

/01234

Id like a cut and blow-dry

41

katto to buro-dorai o onegai shimasu

yoyaku shitai no desu ga otorishimasho ka? shichijihan ni onegai shimasu thats fine o-ukeitashimasu
half past seven and your name? what time would you like it booked for? nanji ni

42

English Japanese

56789:;<= >?@ABCDE
blue

FG

aoi tojoken

boarding pass

HIJ KLM N

boat

boto

dochirasama desu ka?

bookshop, bookstore

(for passengers) fune

body

OPQ

karada yude-tamago

qr

hon-ya

boot (footwear)

boiled egg boiled rice

RSTUV WXY Z[
hone

stu

butsu

(of car) toranku

gohan

vwxy z{
desu

border (of country) bored: Im bored

kokkyo taikutsu

ABCDEFGHIJKLBl

bone

bonnet (of car) book (noun)

\]^_` a
hon

bonnetto

|}~
boring

taikutsu (na)

(verb) yoyaku shimasu

bcdef

born: I was born in ... (place)

de umaremashita

seki o yoyaku dekimasu ka?

can I book a seat?

(year) ni umaremashita

ghijklmn op

borrow

karimasu

dialogue
Id like to book a table for two teburu o futari-yo ni

may I borrow ...?

o okarishite mo i desu ka?

both

ryoho

GHI
boyfriend bra

English Japanese

bother: sorry to bother you

otesu o okakeshite sumimasen

JKLMNOP QRSTU VWXYZ[ \]^_

pan shiro-pan kuro-pan zenryuko bureki burande buresuretto braja

boi-frendo

bottle

bracelet

bin sake ippon

brake (noun) brandy bread

a bottle of sake

!"# $%& '(

`abcd ef
white bread

bottle-opener

sennuki oshiri no

bottom (of person)

ghi jkl
no pan

at the bottom of the ...

brown bread

)*+,
(hill, mountain) no fumoto ni

soko ni

ABCDEFGHIJKLBr

wholemeal bread

-./012

mnopqr stuv
kowashimasu
Ive broken the ...

break (verb)

(road, street) no tsukiatari ni

3456789: ;< =>

chawan (wooden) owan

bowl (porcelain)

wxyz{|}~
I think Ive broken my wrist

o kowashite shimaimashita

box

hako

domo tekubi o otta yo desu

(wooden) kibako

@A
boy

break down

box office

BCDEF

kipp-uriba

kosho shimasu

otoko no ko

Ive broken down

kuruma ga

43

enko shimashita
breakdown

kosho
breakdown service

brochure broken

FGHIJK LMN
kowareta

panfretto

44

English Japanese

rekka-sha

(leg etc) hone ga oreta

breakfast

choshoku

OPQRS
brooch

TUVW XY Z

burochi kyodai

break-in: Ive had a break-in

brother

dorobo ni hairaremashita
breast

chibusa hashi
bridge (over river) brief

(elder: ones own) ani (someone elses) oni-san

[\]^ _

(younger: ones own) ototo (someone elses) ototo-san

mijikai burifu-kesu akarui

`ab

ABCDEFGHIJKLBr

briefcase

!"#$
(colour) azayaka (na)

brother-in-law

cdefg hijk

giri no kyodai

bright (light etc)

(elder: ones own) giri no ani (someone elses) giri no oni-san

%&'()*+
brilliant bring

,-./0

subarashi

lmnopqr stuv

12345>
kaeshi ni kimasu Eikoku

motte kimasu atode

(younger: ones own) giri no ototo (someone elses) giri no ototo-san

Ill bring it back later

789:;<=>
Britain

wxyz{| }~
daboku-sho

?@

brown bruise

cha-iro (no)

British (adj)

ABCDE

Eikoku (no)

brush (for hair)

burashi

bus

<=

basu

English Japanese

(artists) efude (for cleaning) hoki

what number bus is it to ...?

Buddha

-iki no basu wa namban desu ka?

hotoke-sama Bukkyo Bukkyo (no)

>?@ABCDE FGHIJK

when is the next bus to ...?

Buddhism

tsugi no -iki no basu wa nanji desu ka?

Buddhist (adj)

(noun) Bukkyoto
buffet car

LMNOPQRST UVWXYZ[
what time is the last bus?

shokudosha uba-guruma

saishu basu wa nanji desu ka?

buggy (for child) building

\]^_`abcd ef

ABCDEFGHIJKLBu

biru shinkansen

dialogue
does this bus go to ...?

bullet train

bunk

shindai ryogae-jo

kono basu wa -iki desu ka?

no, you need a number ...

bureau de change

!"#

ie, ban no basu desu

business

burglary

$%&'() *+,
yakedo

oshikomi-goto

gh ij kl

shigoto

burn (noun)

(company) kaisha
business card

(verb) yakedo shimasu

-./012
wa kogete imasu

meishi

burnt: this is burnt (food)

kore

business hotel

3456789:;

bijinesu-hoteru

mnopqrs
45

businessman business trip

tuvwxy z{

bijinesu-man

written by ...

shutcho kyaria-uman

by the window

ga kaita mado no soba

46

English Japanese

by the sea

businesswoman bus station bus stop bust

|}~
basu-tei basuto

basu-taminaru

by Thursday

umi no soba Mokuyobi

bye

made ni

!"#$ %&'(

dewa mata

(between friends) ja ne konde iru ashita wa

busy (restaurant etc)

isogashi desu demo

Im busy tomorrow

C
cabin (on ship)

but

)*

senshitsu

ABCDEFGHIJKLBu

butchers butter

niku-ya

(in mountains) yamagoya

bata botan

+,cable car caf

./0123 456 789

keki kissaten

keburu-ka

button buy

where can I buy ...?

kaimasu

cake

doko de

cake shop calendar

by: by car

ga kaemasu ka?

:;<=

keki-ya

>?@AB
lunar calendar

karenda kyureki denwa

kuruma de

CD

by bus

basu de

call (verb: to phone)

shimasu

EFGHI
whats it called?

calligraphy

JKLMNOP QRSTU
he/she is called ...

kore wa nan to imasu ka?

shodo bideo-kamera

English Japanese

camcorder camera

kamera

kare/kanojo wa to imasu
please call the doctor

camera shop campsite can

VWXYZ[\] ^_`
isha o

kamera-ya

kanzume
a can of beer

kyamp-jo

abcdef ghij
please give me a call at 7.30am tomorrow ashita

yonde kudasai

kan-biru -koto ga

can*: can you ...?

klmnopqrs tuvwxyz
please ask him to call me

no asa shichi-ji han ni denwa o kudasai

dekimasu ka?

can I have ...?

ABCDEFGHIJKLCa

kare ni denwa o kureru yo tsutaete kudasai

I cant ... -koto ga dekimasen

o moratte mo i desu ka?

{|}~
call back: Ill call back later

!"#$%&'() * +,Kanada Kanada (no)

ato de mata ukagaimasu

(phone back) ato de mata denwa shimasu

Canada

Canadian (adj) Im Canadian

./0123

call round: Ill call round tomorrow ashita ukagaimasu

456789:;
canal

watashi wa Kanada-jin desu unga

<=

47

cancel

>?@ABC DEFGHI JKLM NOP

kanu rosoku kyandi

torikeshimasu

car park carpet

chushajo

48

English Japanese

candies candle canoe

koi-nobori rentaka kyakusha

jutan

carp streamer car rental

canoeing

QRSTUV WXY Z[\ ]^

boshi

kanuingu kankiri

carriage (of train) carrier bag carrot carry

can-opener cap (hat)

ninjin

biniru-bukuro

(of bottle) futa

car

mochimasu

kuruma kuruma de kado nengajo

carry-cot

keitai-yo bebi-beddo

ABCDEFGHIJKLCa

by car

`a

pakku animeshon

carton

card (birthday etc)

bcd efg

cartoon (film) cash (noun)

New Years card

genkin

heres my (business) card

watashi no meishi desu

hijklm
cardphone careful

(verb) genkin ni kaemasu

nopqr stuv
be careful!

kado-denwa

will you cash this for me?

chuibukai ki o tsukete!

genkin ni kaete kuremasen ka?

wxyz{|
carp

!"#$%&'() *+,cash desk

}~

koi

./

kaikei

cash dispenser

genkin-jido-shiharaiki

0123456
cassette

|}
centimetre central centre

English Japanese

789:

kasetto

~
chushin chushin (no)

senchi-metoru

cassette recorder

kasetto-rekoda
castle

;<=>?@ABC D
shiro
casualty department

how do we get to the city centre? hankagai niwa do

kyukyubyoto

EFGH
cat

cereal

ikimasu ka?

IJ

neko tsukamaemasu

shikiten
opening ceremony

konfureku

catch

KLMNO

ceremony

where do we catch the bus to ...? -iki no basu wa

kaikaishiki

ABCDEFGHIJKLCh

doko kara dete imasu ka?

PQRSTUVWX YZ[\]^_` ab cdefghij klmnop qr

hora-ana karifurawa Katorikku (no)

certainly

tea ceremony

chakai

Catholic (adj) cauliflower cave

tashika ni

certainly not! (thats wrong) zettai chigaimasu!

(refusal) dame desu!

CD shi-di ceiling

certificate chair

stuvw xy z{
tenjo bochi sesshi

isu

shomeisho

cemetery

change (verb: replace)

torikaemasu

centigrade

49

(trains etc) norikaemasu

50

English Japanese

!"

changed: to get changed

kigaemasu

(money) kuzushimasu (noun: money) kozeni

can I change this for ..., please? kore o to

WXYZ[
character (written)

\] ^_

kanji

charge (noun)

ryokin

(verb) seikyu shimasu

#$%&'()*+ ,-./0
where do I change trains?

torikaete kudasai

`abcd
charge card cheap

efghijkl mn
yasui
do you have anything cheaper? mo sukoshi

kurejitto-kado

doko de norikaereba i desu ka?

123456789 :;<=>?
I dont have any change

yasui

no wa arimasu ka?

kozeni ga arimasen

@ABCDEFG
can you give me change for a 1,000-yen note?

opqrstu vwxyz{| }~
kogitte (bill) seikyusho (in restaurant, bar etc) okanjo
could I have the check, please? okanjo o onegai

ABCDEFGHIJKLCh

check (US: noun)

sen-en-satsu o kuzushite kuremasen ka?

HIJKLMNO PQRSTUV
dialogue

shimasu

shirabemasu

do we have to change (trains)? norikae-nakute

check (verb)

wa narimasen ka?
yes, change at Tokyo/no, its a direct train hai,

could you check the ...? o shirabete kuremasen ka?

Tokyo-eki de norikae desu/ie, chokutsu desu

chekku-in

check-in


check in

chewing gum

doko de chekku-in shinakute wa narimasen ka?

chekku-in shimasu

,-./0123 45
toriniku mizuboso

chuingam

English Japanese

chicken (meat) chickenpox child

where do we have to check in?

cheek (on face)

6789: ;<
kodomo
children

ho

=>?@
child minder

kodomo-tachi komori kodomo-yo

cheerio!

chizu

bai-bai! kampai!

AB
puru

childrens pool

cheers! (toast) cheese

CDEFGH
childrens portion

okosama-yo

chemists cheque cherry

yakkyoku

IJKL
chin

ABCDEFGHIJKLCh

kogitte

MN

ago setomono Chugoku Chugoku (no) furench-frai

china

sakuranbo sakura

OPQR ST

China

cherry blossom cherry tree

Chinese (adj)

!"# $%& '(

sakura no ki chesu

UVWXY

chips (French fries)

chess (Western)

Z[\]^_`
(US) poteto-chippu

(Japanese) shogi
chest

abcdef
chocolate

mune kuri

ghijkl
milk chocolate

chokoreto

chestnut

*+

miruku-chokoreto

mnopqrstu
51

plain chocolate

burakku-chokoreto
a hot chocolate

"#$%&'
city

52

English Japanese

vwxyz{|}~
choose

()

toshi hankagai kirei (na)

city centre

kokoa

*+,

clean (adj)

erabimasu hashioki

-./012

(verb) kirei ni shimasu

chopstick rest chopsticks Christmas

3456789
kore o kirei ni shite kuremasen ka?

can you clean these for me?

hashi

Kurismasu

:;<=>?@AB CDEFGHI
cleaning solution (for contact lenses) kontakuto-renzu-yo

merry Christmas!

Meri-Kurismasu!

Christmas Eve

Kurismasu-Ibu
church cider cigar

kyokai ringoshu

JKLMNOPQR STUVW
cleansing lotion

kurina

ABCDEFGHIJKLCh

kurenjing-roshon
clear

XYZ[\]^_ `ab cdefg

kashikoi tomei (na) (obvious) akiraka (na)

hamaki tabako raita

cigarette

hijklm
clever client cliff

cigarette lighter

!
eiga en

nopq rst u
gake irainin

cinema circle

climbing

(in theatre) barukoni-seki

vw

tozan

clinic shinryojo

xyz

cloudy

English Japanese

cloakroom clock

{|}~
tokei

kuroku

kumori (no) kuratchi

clutch (in car) coach (bus)

close (verb)

shimarimasu

chokyori-basu

(on train) kyaksha

coach station coach trip coast

dialogue
what time do you close?

!"
kaigan
on the coast

basu-taminaru

basu-ryoko

nanji ni shimarimasu ka?

we close at 8pm on weekdays, and 6pm on Saturdays heijitsu wa

hachiji, Doyobi wa rokji ni shimarimasu

do you close for lunch?

#$% &'(

engan ni koto

coat (long coat)

ABCDEFGHIJKLCo

hiruyasumi wa arimasu ka?

yes, between 12 and 1pm

(jacket) jaketto
coathanger

)*+,./01 2345
code (for phoning)

hai, juniji kara ichiji desu

closed (door)

hanga

shimatta

shigai-kyokban

(shop) heiten (no)

cloth (fabric)

whats the (dialling) code for Osaka? Osaka no shigai-

nunoji

(for cleaning etc) zokin

kyokban wa namban desu ka?

clothes (Western)

yofuku

6789:;<= >?@ABC DEFG

two coffees, please

coffee

kohi

(Japanese) kimono

kohi

53

futatsu, onegai shimasu koka

HIJKLMNO PQRSTU
coin Coke kola

comb come

54

English Japanese

kushi

VW

kimasu

XYZ [\] ^_
Im cold

dialogue
where do you come from?

cold

tsumetai doko kara irasshaimashita ka?

I come from Edinburgh

(weather, person) samui

`abc
hikimashita
collar

samui desu kaze o

Ejinbara kara kimashita

come back

I have a cold

defghijk lm
eri atsumemasu o

modotte kimasu

Ill come back tomorrow

mata ashita kimasu

come in

ABCDEFGHIJKLCo

collect

nopq

hairimasu yuttari shita
comfortable comic book

Ive come to collect ...

rstuvwxyz
collect call college

tori ni kimashita

{|}~
daigaku iro

korekuto-koru

manga

compact disc

kompakuto-disuku
company (business)

colour

kaisha
compare

do you have this in other colours? hoka no iro wa

arimasu ka?

kara-firumu

!"

kurabemasu

compartment (on train)

koshitsu

colour film

compass

#$%&

kompasu kujo o imasu kujo

consulate

efg

ryojikan renraku

English Japanese

complain

'()*+,./
I have a complaint

contact (verb)

shimasu

complaint

hijkl
kontakuto-renzu

contact lenses

kujo ga

0123456
completely

arimasu

mnopqrst
contract

789

kanzen ni

uv

keiyaku tsugo no i

computer concert

:;<=>?@ ABCDE FGH

rinsu kondomu kaigi kaigijo konsato

kompyuta

convenient (time)

wxyz{ |}~

(location, object) benri (na)

thats not convenient

conditioner (for hair) condom

IJKLM NO

cook (verb)

sore wa tsugo ga yoku arimasen

ABCDEFGHIJKLCo

conference

not cooked

ryori shimasu

conference room

PQR

cooker cookie

hannama (na)

confirm

STUVW

kakunin shimasu omedeto!

renji

congratulations!

XYZ[\]
setsuzokubin

suzushi koruku

bisuketto

cool

connecting flight

^_` ab cd

cork

connection (in travelling)

corkscrew

setsuzoku
constipation

machikado ni

koruku-nuki

corner: on the corner

bempi

55

in the corner

sumi ni

TUVWXYZ[\
I couldnt ... koto wa dekimasen deshita

56

English Japanese

cornflakes

!"
tadashi roka keshohin hiyo

konfureku

correct (right) corridor

]^_`abcde fgh i
kuni (countryside) inaka

country (nation)

cosmetics

#$% &'

jkl mno

countryside

inaka

cost (noun)

couple: a couple of ...

(verb) hiyo ga kakarimasu

()*+,-./
how much does it cost?

futatsu
courier course

pqrs tuv wxy

gaido kosu mochiron mochiron

ikura desu ka?

0123456
cot

789:;< =>
momen dasshimen

bebi-beddo

ABCDEFGHIJKLCo

of course

cotton

z{|}
chigaimasu
cousin crab

of course not

cotton wool

?@A BC DE

~
kani kurakka itoko

couchette

shindai seki sekidome -te

cough (noun)

cough medicine

FGHI

cracker (biscuit) craft shop

could: could you ...?

mingeihin-ten shototsu-jiko

kuremasen ka?

JKLMNOPQ RS
could I have ...?

crash (noun)

Ive had a crash

kuremasen ka?

shototsu-jiko ni aimashita


crazy

#$%&'(
crockery

English Japanese

kurimu

muchu (na)

)*+ ,-

tojiki

crossing (by sea) crossroads

odan

cream

creche

takuji-sho kurejitto-kado

./0

jujiro

crowd

credit card

kurejitto-kado wa tsukaemasu ka?

1234 567

hitogomi konda kuraun

crowded

do you take credit cards?

crown (dental) cruise

!"
dialogue
can I pay by credit card?

89:; <=
kokai

crutches

>?@

matsubazue nakimasu kyuri

cry (verb)

ABCDEFGHIJKLCu

kurejitto-kado de haraemasu ka?

which card do you want to use? doko no kado desu

ABCD EFGH IJK

kappu

cucumber cup

ka?
Mastercard/Visa

a cup of ..., please

masuta/biza desu yes, sir hai, oshiharai itadakemasu

whats the number?

hitotsu kudasai
cupboard

LMNOPQRST UVWX YZ
oshire (with shelves) todana

bango o itadakemasu ka?

and the expiry date?

curly

yukokigen wa itsu desu ka?

crisps

[\]^_` abc defg

katen

kari-hea (no)

curtains

poteto-chippu

57

cushion

hijkl
floor cushion

kusshon zabuton

kowashite shimaimashita

58

English Japanese

mnop
custom

qr s

shukan kyaku zeikan kirikizu

! "#$%&' ()*+ ,-.

shimetta dansu chikusho!

damn! damp

customer Customs

tu

dance (noun)

cut (noun)

vwx

(verb) odorimasu

/0123

(verb) kirimasu

yz{|

would you like to dance?

odorimasen ka? kitte

dangerous

Ive cut myself

456789:; <=>
abunai Demmaku (no) koi
Danish (adj)

shimaimashita

}~
saikurisuto saikuringu naifu-foku-rui

ABCDEFGHIJKLCu

cutlery

?@ABCDEF GH IJ
(hair) kuroi

cycling cyclist

dark (adj: colour)

D
daily

its getting dark kuraku natte kimashita

KLMNOPQRS
kyo wa nannichi desu ka?

mainichi (no) kowashimasu

date*: whats the date today?

damage (verb)

damaged

TUVWXYZ[ \]
Getsuyobi ni shimasho
lets make a date for next Monday raishu no

kowareta

Im sorry, Ive damaged this

sumimasen, kore o

^_`abcd efghi

daughter (ones own)

musume

have a nice day! day trip

(someone elses) ojo-san

shinda
dead deaf

gokigenyo!

English Japanese

klmn opqr

higaeri-ryoko

daughter-in-law (ones own)

giri

no musume (someone elses) giri no musume-san

torihiki

mimi ga kikoenai

stuvwx yz{
at dawn

deal (business)

dawn

yoake yoake ni

its a deal sore de te o uchimasho

|}~
day

!"# $
shi kafein

hi sono tsugi no

death

the day after

decaffeinated coffee

hi

the day after tomorrow

%&'()*+ ,-./0
December

nuki no kohi

ABCDEFGHIJKLDe

assatte hi

the day before

123

Junigatsu

sono mae no

decide

the day before yesterday

4567

kimemasu mada

we havent decided yet

kimete imasen
decision

ototoi

every day

89:;<=>?@ AB
kettei dekki

mainichi

all day

ichinichi-ju

deck (on ship)

CDE

deckchair deep

in two days time

FGHIJK LM
fukai

dekki-chea

futsuka-inai ni

59

definitely

mattaku sono tori

NOPQRSTUV WX
definitely not

desu

no that one ie, sore desu here? koko desu ka? yes hai dentures

60

English Japanese

mattaku

YZ[\]^_`
degree

chigaimasu do

ireba deodoranto bumon depato

deodorant

department

(qualification) gakui

bc de

department store

delay (noun) deliberately

okure waza to sozai-ya

departure

shuppatsu

fgh ijk

departure lounge

delicatessen

shuppatsu-raunji yorimasu

delicious deliver

lmnopqr stuvw xy
haitatsu Denmaku

totemo oishi

depend: it depends

bai ni

ABCDEFGHIJKLDe

haitatsu shimasu

it depends on ...

ni

delivery

yorimasu

Denmark

z{|}~
haisha

deposit (for bike/boat hire)

hoshokin

dental floss dentist

dentaru-furosu

(as part payment) atamakin

description design

setsumei

dialogue
its this one here koko no kore desu this one? kore desu ka?

!"#$ %&'(

dezain dezato mokutekichi

dessert

destination

)*+
develop

,-./0

genzo shimasu

OPQ
diarrhoea

English Japanese

RS

geri

dialogue
could you develop these films? kono firumu o

do you have any medicine for diarrhoea? geridome wa

arimasu ka? genzo shite kuremasen ka? yes, certainly hai, genzo desu ne
when will they be ready?

TUVWXYZ[\ ]^ _` ab cd
techo (for personal experiences) nikki

diary (business etc)

dictionary didnt*

jisho

itsu dekiagarimasu ka? tomorrow afternoon ashita no gogo desu sabisu wa ikura desu ka?
diabetic (noun) how much is the four-hour service? yojikan no

efghijkl

-masen deshita

see not die shinimasu

ABCDEFGHIJKLDi

mnop
daietto

diesel

tonyobyo-kanja

qrstuv wxyz{
Im on a diet

dizeru-sha

12345
diabetic foods

diet

tonyobyo-kanja-yo shokuhin
dial (verb)

daietto-chu

6789:;<= >?@ABCD
shigai-kyokuban daiyaru shimasu
dialling code

|}~
I have to follow a special diet shokuji-seigen ga

desu

arimasu

chigai chigai
whats the difference?

EFGH
diamond diaper

difference

IJKLMN
omutsu

daiyamondo

wa nan desu ka?

61

different

chigau kore wa

(of department) bucho

62

English Japanese

-. /0

this one is different

(of company) shacho

directory enquiries

chigaimasu teburu
difficult

a different table

chigau

denwa-bango-annai

muzukashi shokudo yushoku

123456
dirt

78 9:

yogore kitanai

dirty

dining room

disabled: disabled person

dinner (evening meal) to have dinner

shintai-shogai-sha

;<=>?

shokuji o

direct (adj)

shimasu

mo riyo dekimasu ka?

disappear

is there access for the disabled? shintai-shogai-sha

choksetsu (no)

@ABCDEFG HIJKLM NOPQRS

its disappeared

ABCDEFGHIJKLDi

is there a direct train?

chokutsu no densha wa arimasu ka? hoko

nakunarimasu

direction

nakunarimashita
disappointed

TUVWXYZ [\]^_`
saigai kore wa gakkari sh(i(ta
disappointing disaster

which direction is it?

no hoko desu ka?

dotchi

!"
is it in this direction?

abcdefgh ij
this is a disaster

kitai hazure (no)

#$%&'()*
director (section chief)

hoko desu ka?

kono

hidoi desu
disco

+,

kacho

klmnopqr stuv
disuko

discount

wx

waribiki waribiki

dizzy: I feel dizzy

memai ga

English Japanese

is there a discount?

do (verb)

shimasu

ni narimasu ka?
disease

yz{|}~
byoki iya (na)

!"#

shimasu nani o doyatte

what shall we do?

shimasho ka?

disgusting dish (meal)

ryori (plate) sara

$%&'()*+,
how do you do it?

-./01234 5678
will you do it for me?

surundesu ka?

soshite

disk (for computer)

disuku

disposable diapers/nappies

9:;<=>?@A BC
dialogue
how do you do?

kuremasen ka?

kami-omutsu

ABCDEFGHIJKLDo

distance

kyori toku ni hajimemashite, dozo yoroshiku

nice to meet you

in the distance

district

chiho jama shimasu okosanaide

disturb

do not disturb

o-aidekite ureshides what do you do? (work) oshigoto wa nan desu ka?
Im a teacher, and you?

kudasai

mawari-michi rikon shita

diversion (detour)

watashi wa kyoshi desu ga anata wa? Im a student watashi wa gakusei desu

what are you doing tonight? komban wa

divorced

nani

o shite imasu ka?

63

were going out for a drink, do you want to join us?

document

WX Y

shorui

64

English Japanese

watashitachi wa nomi ni ikimasu ga, issho ni kimasen ka?

do you want tea?

dog doll

inu ningyo kokunaisen

Z[

ocha wa

domestic flight

ikaga desu ka?

I do, but she doesnt

\]^ _`a

dont!*

dame! yoshinasai!

watashi wa itadakimasu ga, kanojo niwa kekko desu

doctor

dont do that! see not door doa

bcdefg hi j

DE

isha isha ga

we need a doctor

hitsuyo desu

(of house: Japanese-style) to

sliding door (wooden lattice and paper) shoji

FGHIJKL
please call a doctor

ABCDEFGHIJKLDo

isha o

yonde kudasai

MNOPQR STUV

kl

(patterned) fusuma

mno
doorman doorway

pqrs tu vw

doaman

dialogue
doko ga itai desu ka? right here koko desu does that hurt now? kore wa itai desu ka? yes hai
where does it hurt? take this to the chemist

genkan

double

nibai (no) daburu-beddo daburu daburu

double bed

xyz{|} ~

double room

double whisky doughnut

kore o motte kusuri-ya ni ikinasai

donattsu


down: down here

dream (noun)

kono shita

yume

English Japanese

desu

put it down over there

dress (noun)

789

doresu fuku

soko

dressed: to get dressed

ni oite kudasai

its down there on the right

o kimasu

:;<=> ?@A BC DE
gaun nomimono

dressing gown drink (noun)

soko o itte migi desu motto saki desu yasuppoi

its further down the road

(alcoholic) osake (non-alcoholic) seiryo-inryo

downmarket (restaurant etc)

FGHI JKLM
a cold drink

downstairs

(verb) nomimasu tsumetai

shita

ABCDEFGHIJKLDr

dozen

half a dozen

ichi-dasu (no) han-das (no) nama-biru

nomimono

NOPQR
can I get you a drink?

draught beer

nomimono wa ikaga desu ka?

!"#$

STUVWXYZ [\
ka?

draughty: its draughty

sukima-kaze ga hairimasu

%&'()*+, -.
drawer

what would you like (to drink)? nani o nomimasu

]^_`abcd
no thanks, I dont drink

/01 2
e

hikidashi

drawing dreadful

arigato, demo arukoru wa nomimasen

345

hidoi

efghijklm nopqrst uvw

65

Ill just have a drink of water

(wine) karakuchi (no)

66

English Japanese

mizu o kudasai
drinking water

xyz{|} ~

$%&'(
dry-cleaners

inryosui kore

)*+,-./

kurining-ya

is this drinking water?

wa inryosui desu ka?

drive (verb)

due: he was due to arrive yesterday kare wa kino

we drove here

tochaku suru hazu deshita

when is the train due?

012345678 9:;<=
densha wa itsu kuru hazu desu ka?

unten shimasu kuruma de

Ill drive you home

kimashita

>?@ABCDEF GHIJ
dull (pain)

okutte

ikimasu

untenshu

KLMN

zuki-zuki

(weather) kumori (no)

driver

OPQRST UVWXY
dummy (babys) during dust

ABCDEFGHIJKLDr

(uninteresting) tsumaranai

driving licence

unten-menkyo-sho

kudasai

Z[\]^ _`ab cde fgh

hokori

oshaburi

drop: just a drop, please (of drink) hon no sukoshi dake

no aida ni

kusuri mayaku

dustbin dusty

gomibako

drug (medicine)

drugs (narcotics)

ijklmn opqr
Oranda (no)

hokorippoi

Dutch (adj)

drunk (adj) dry (adj)

!"#
kawaita

yopparatta

duty-free (goods)

menzei(hin)

stuvw

duty-free shop

Easter

menzeihin-ten

xyz{
duvet

Fukkatsu-sai toyo (no)

English Japanese

Eastern (oriental) easy eat

|}~

kakebuton

tabemasu yasashi

E
each (every)

weve already eaten

sorezore (no)

watashitachi wa mo tabemashita

how much are they each?

hitotsu ikura desu ka?

ear

mimi mimi
earache: I have earache

!"#$%&'( )*+
eau de toilette

o-do-toware kurasu
eel

,-./01
economy class

ekonomi-

ga itai desu
early

ABCDEFGHIJKLEl

hayai asa
early in the morning

23456789 :;< =>?

tamago ka unagi

egg

sakihodo mo ukagaimashita
I called by earlier earrings

hayaku

either: either ... or ...

ka

higashi higashi ni iyaringu jishin

@ABC
either of them

DEFG
elbow

dochiraka

earthquake east

HI

hiji denki (no)

electric

JKLMN
denki-kigu

electrical appliances

in the east

OPQR
67

electrician

STU VW

denki-ya denki

Empress of Japan

68

English Japanese

Kogo-

electricity elevator

Heika
empty

XYZ[\]
nani ka

erebeta

kara (no) owari sono

else: something else

end (noun)

hoka no mono

^_`abcd
somewhere else

at the end of the street

doko ka

michi no tsukiatari ni

hoka no tokoro

efghijklm

when does it end?

itsu owari

dialogue
would you like anything else? hoka ni nani ka

engaged (toilet)

masu ka?

shiyo-chu

irimasu ka?
no, nothing else, thanks

ie,

(phone) hanashi-chu (to be married) konyaku shita

ABCDEFGHIJKLEl

hoka niwa nani mo irimasen, arigato

e-mail

engine (car) England

nopqr stu vw
taishikan kinkyu kinkyu

i-meru

enjin

Igirisu Igirisu (no)

embassy

English (adj)

emergency

(language) Eigo

this is an emergency!

desu!

xyz{ |}~
Heika

emergency exit

hijoguchi

Im English watashi wa Igirisu-jin desu do you speak English?

Eigo

Emperor of Japan Tenno-

ga hanasemasu ka?

!"#$%&'()

enjoy: to enjoy oneself

WXYZ[\
equipment

English Japanese

tanoshimimasu

*+,-.
dialogue

]^ _`

setsubi

(for climbing etc) sobi

error

how did you like the film?

eiga wa do deshita ka?

I enjoyed it very much, did you enjoy it? totemo

abcd efg

machigai toku ni

especially essential

tanoshikatta desu, anata wa do deshita ka?

enlargement (of photo)

hijkl

hitsuyo (na) -koto

it is essential that ...

wa hitsuyo desu
Europe Yoroppa

mnopqrstu vwxyz
(no)

/0123
enormous enough

hiki-nobashi

456789 :;
jubun
theres not enough

totemo oki

European (adj) Yoroppa even: even the ...

{|}~
even if ...

ABCDEFGHIJKLEv

demo

<=>?@
chisasugimasu
thats enough

tarimasen

evening

moshi demo

its not big enough

ABCDEF
desu

yugata

this evening

sore de jubun

komban yoru ni

GHIJKLM NOP QR
iriguchi (of house) genkan

in the evening evening meal eventually

entrance

yushoku

envelope epileptic

STUV

futo

tsui ni

ever: I hardly ever ... hotondo

...-masen

tenkan-kanja

69

dialogue
have you ever been to Hiroshima? Hiroshima

except

=>?@

igai wa

70

English Japanese

excess baggage

ni itta koto ga arimasu ka? ikimashita

choka-tenimotsu

ABCDE
exchange rate exciting

yes, I was there two years ago hai, ni-nen mae ni

FGHIJ KLMNO PQRST

ryogae-reto

omoshiroi

every

every day

subete no mainichi

excuse me (to get past)

shitsurei shimasu (to say sorry) gomennasai

everyone

mina-san subete doko demo

UVWXYZ

everything

(to get attention) chotto sumimasen!

executive

[\]^_`abc def ghi jkl mn

kanrishoku haikikan

ABCDEFGHIJKLEv

everywhere exactly! exam

shiken rei

sono tori desu!

exhaust (pipe) exhibition exit

tenrankai

example

deguchi

for example excellent

"#$%

tatoeba

wheres the nearest exit?

&'()*

subarashi

ichiban chikai deguchi wa doko desu ka?

(food) totemo oishi (hotel) ichiryu (no)

+,-./01 23456
excellent!

opqrstuvw xyz{|}
expensive

takai keiken no aru

experienced explain

789:;<

subarashi!

setsumei shimasu


can you explain that?

suitcase for me?

setsumei shite kuremasen ka?

express (mail)

!"#$% &'()
eyeglasses (US: spectacles)

chotto sutsukes o mite ite kuremasen ka?

English Japanese

sokutatsu

(train) tokkyu
extension (telephone)

megane
eyeliner

*+,

naisen

-./012
ai-meku-otoshi

ai-raina

eye make-up remover

naisen no , onegai shimasu

extension ..., please

encho-kodo

3456789
eye shadow

:;<=>?

ai-shado

extension lead

ABCDEFGHIJKLFa

extra: can we have an extra one? mo hitotsu

F
face

moraemasen ka?

do you charge extra for that?

@A

kao masuku

face mask (for colds)

sore wa betsu-ryokin desu ka?

extraordinary mezurashi

BCD EF GH

factory

kojo kashi

me totemo

Fahrenheit faint (verb)

ki o ushinaimasu
shes fainted

extremely eye

IJKLMN OPQRSTUVW X
kanojo wa ki o ushinaimashita

will you keep an eye on my

71

I feel faint fair (funfair)

YZ[\]^_ `ab cde

yuenchi (trade fair) mihon-ichi

fura-fura shimasu

fantastic far

toi

subarashi

72

English Japanese

dialogue
is it far from here? koko kara toi desu ka? no, not very far ie, amari toku nai desu well, how far? dono kurai desu ka? its about 20 kilometres nijukkiro kurai desu fare

(impartial) kohei (na)

fghij
fairly (quite)

(amount) kanari (no)

klmnop qrs
kanari
fake (adj)

tuvwx y
in the fall

nise (no) aki

fall (US: season)

z{

aki ni

ryokin

ABCDEFGHIJKLFa

fall (verb)

|}~
shes had a fall

korobimasu kanojo wa

fare box (on buses)

ryokinbako

nojo

korobimashita
false (not true) family

kazoku yumei (na) sempuki machigatta

farm

fashionable fast

hayai futotta

oshare (na)

famous

(handheld) sensu (sports) fan

fat (person)

!"#

fan (electrical)

(on meat) aburami

$%&' (

father (ones own)

chichi

(someone elses) oto-san

)*+,

father-in-law (ones own)

giri

English Japanese

I feel like going for a walk

-./0
(someone elses) giri no oto-san
faucet

no chichi

sampo ni ikitai desu

how are you feeling?

ikaga desu ka?

1234567 89:
jaguchi

Im feeling better

zutto i

desu

fault: sorry, it was my fault

hei fensingu

gomennasai, watashi no sei deshita

fence (noun) fencing

;<=>?@ABC DEFGH
its not my fault

Japanese fencing

IJKLMNOP QRS
faulty

watashi no sei dewa arimasen choshi ga okashi

ferry

kendo

omatsuri tsurete

feri

ABCDEFGHIJKLFe

TUVWXYZ
fakksu

festival

favourite

[\]^_`ab cdefg
(verb) fakksu o okurimasu

oki ni iri (no)

fetch (person)

kimasu

fax (noun)

(object) totte kimasu

hijklmno pq
February

Ill fetch him

kimasho

kare o yonde

rs

Nigatsu

will you come and fetch me later? atode mukae ni kite

feel

tuvw
I feel hot

kanjimasu atsui desu kibun ga yoku

xyz{
I feel unwell

kuremasen ka?

!"#$
netsuppoi

|}~

nai desu

feverish

73

few: a few

%&' ()*

sukoshi no ni-san nichi

arimasu ka?
yes, how many exposures?

74

English Japanese

a few days fianc(e) field

hai, nanmai dori desu ka? 36 san-ju-roku-mai desu

film processing

+,.

konyakusha

hatake kenka

gh

genzo

final (adj)

fight (noun)

/01

ijklm nopqr
I cant find it Ive found it

saigo (no) mitsukemasu mitsukarimasen

fill in

kinyu shinakute wa narimasen ka?

do I have to fill this in?

23456

kinyu shimas

find (verb)

stuvwxy z{|}~
find out

789:;<=>? @ABCD EFGHIJKL

fill it up, please

mitsukemashita

fill up

ippai ni shimas

shirabemasu

ABCDEFGHIJKLFe

could you find out for me?

ippai ni

shirabete kuremasen ka?

MNOPQRS TUVW
filling (in cake, sandwich)

shite kudasai

fine (weather)

XYZ

nakami

hareta

(punishment) bakkin eiga

(in tooth) ha no tsumemono

[\]^_`
film (movie)

ab

dialogue
how are you?

(for camera) firumu

cdef
dialogue

ogenki desu

ka?
Im fine, thanks

okagesama de
is that OK?

do you have this kind of film? konna firumu wa

sore de i desu

ka?

thats fine, thanks

kekko desu
finger

e,

fireworks

34

hanabi

English Japanese

first

yubi owarimasu mada

56789
I was first

saisho (no)

watashi ga saki

finish (verb)

deshita
at first

:;<=>? @AB
saisho ni hajimete hidarigawa
the first time

I havent finished yet

when does it finish?

owatte imasen

CDEF
no saisho
first aid

itsu

first on the left

owarimasu ka?
fire (in hearth)

hi (blaze) kaji

GHIJKL MNOP QRS

okyu-te-ate kyukyubako

fire!

first-aid kit

ABCDEFGHIJKLFi

can we light a fire here?

kaji da!

first class (train)

TUVWX

gurinsha

koko de hi o taite mo i desu ka?

YZ[\]^_`
first-class ticket (train) gurinsha joshaken

(plane) fasuto-kurasu

its on fire fire alarm

abcdefgh
(plane) fasuto-kurasu chiketto ni-kai

!"#$
fire brigade

kaji desu

%&'() *+, -./ 012

kasai-hochiki shobotai

ijklmnopq rst
first floor

fire escape

hijoguchi shokaki

uv wx yz

(US) ikkai
first name

fire extinguisher

namae

75

fish (noun)

{|} ~

sakana sakana-ya

!"#$%&'( )*+
flavour flea

76

English Japanese

fishmongers fit (attack)

,./ 01 23 45 6 7

fumi

hossa

nomi hiko binmei

fit: it doesnt fit me

fitting room

sore wa watashi ni aimasen

flight

flight number flood

shichaku-shitsu tehai shimasu

kozui yuka

fix (verb: arrange)

naosemasu ka?

floor (of room)

can you fix this? (repair)

(storey) kai
on the floor

fizzy

tansan (no) tansan-iri orenji

89 :; <
flower

yuka ni

ABCDEFGHIJKLFi

florists

hana-ya

fizzy orange

jusu
flag

hata taoru furashu apato

hana ikebana

flower arranging

=>?

flu

flannel

@ABCDEF
na Nihon-go o hanashimasu

infuruenza

flash (for camera)

(adj) taira (na)

fluent: he speaks fluent Japanese kare wa ryucho

flat (noun: apartment)

taiya ga panku shimashita

Ive got a flat tyre

GHIJKLMNO PQRS
fly (noun)

TU

hae

(verb) tobimasu

VWXY
can we fly there?

hikoki de

ka?

English Japanese

Z[\]^_`a bc
fog

ikemasu ka?

dialogues
whos the tempura for?

kiri kiri ga dete tempura wa dochira desu ka? thats for me watashi desu and this one? kore wa dochira desu ka? thats for her kanojo desu
where do I get the bus for Shinjuku? Shinjuku-iki

foggy: its foggy

efghijk
food (in

imasu

lmn opq rs

general) tabemono

(in shop) shokuryohin (in restaurant) ryori

food poisoning

shokuchudoku

tuv

no basu wa doko de noremasu ka?

the bus for Shinjuku leaves from Tokyo station

ABCDEFGHIJKLFo

food shop/store

shokuryohin-ten

wxyz {
on foot

foot (of person)

ashi

Shinjuku-iki no basu wa Tokyo eki kara dete imasu

how long have you been here? koko niwa mo

|}~

aruite sakka

football (game)

(ball) sakka-boru
footwarmer

dono kurai ni narimasu ka?

Ive been here for two days, how about you?

kotatsu
for: do you have something for ...? (headache/diarrhoea etc)

futsuka desu ga, anata wa?

Ive been here for a week

isshukan ni narimasu

ni kik kusuri wa arimasu

77

forehead foreign

odeko

fandeshon

78

English Japanese

Z[\]^_`a bc
funsui (for drinking) kyusuiki

gaikoku (no) gaijin

fountain (ornamental)

foreigner forest forget

def
foyer

mori wasuremasu

ghi jk
kossetsu Furansu tada, muryo muryo

robi

"#$%

fracture (noun) France

I forget, Ive forgotten

wasurete shimaimashita
fork

&'()*+,-. /012
(in road) bunkiten fok

lmno

free (no charge)

pqrst

is it free (of charge)?

345

desu ka?
freeway freezer

form (document)

67

yoshi

uvwxyz {|}~
reitoko

kosokudoro

ABCDEFGHIJKLFo

formal

89:;<

seishiki (na)

(dress) aratamatta
fortnight

=>?@AB CDE FGH

nishukan
fortunately

French (adj)

(language) Furansu-go

Furansu (no)

French fries frequent

unyoku

tabitabi (no)

furenchi-furai

forward: could you forward my mail? tegami o tenso shite

kuremasen ka?

IJKLMNO PQRSTUV WXY

how frequent is the bus to Kobe? Kobe-iki no basu wa

forwarding address

tenso saki

nambon kurai dete imasu ka?

foundation (make-up)

fresh (food) Friday fridge fried

Kinyobi reizoko

shinsen (na)

English Japanese

Im from Manchester

Manchesuta kara desu

front

mae mae ni hoteru

in front

!"
medamayaki chahan

itameta

KL

in front of the hotel

fried egg fried rice friend

no mae ni

MNOPQR
at the front

ST
frost

mae de

tomodachi shinsetsu (na)

shimo reito shita

friendly from

#$%&' ()
kara

frozen fruit

VWXY Z[\]
ippai

kudamono

ABCDEFGHIJKLFu

no Hakata hatsu no ressha wa itsu tsukimasu ka?

when does the next train from Hakata arrive? tsugi

fruit juice full

^_`abcde fghi
its full of ...

frutsu-jusu

*+,-./012 3456789:
from Monday to Friday

de ippai

desu

Getsuyobi kara Kinyobi

jklmnopq
Im full

;<=>?@AB
from next Thursday

CDEFGHI
dialogue
where are you from?

Mokyobi kara

tsugi no

rstuvwxy z{
full board

onaka ga ippai desu san-shoku-tsuki

|}~

fun: it was fun

omoshirokatta desu doko

funeral

ososhiki

kara kimashita ka?

79

funny (strange)

okashi

(match) shiai

80

English Japanese

(amusing) omoshiroi

furniture

garage (for fuel)

gasorin-

kagu

further

motto toku

(for repairs) shurikojo

sutando

!"#$ %&
garden

its further down the road

(for parking) shako

sono michi no motto saki desu

dialogue

'

niwa

garlic gas

()*+ ,gasu (US) gasorin

ninniku

how much further is it to Kinkakuji? Kinkakuji ewa

./01
gas permeable lenses

ABCDEFGHIJKLFu

dono kurai arimasu ka?

about 5 kilometres

go-kiro kurai desu

fuse (noun) future

sanso-toka-sei kontakutorenzu

shorai
in future

hyuzu

23456789: ;<=>
gas station (US)

gasorin-

sutando
gate

?@ABCDEF G
mon (at airport) geto

kore kara

G
gallon

HIJ
gay

KL

homo (no) gei-ba gia

garon gemu

gay bar

MNOP

game (cards etc)

gears (in car)

QR
general (adj) gents toilet

STUVWX YZ[\]^ _`abc

honmono (no)

ippan-teki (na)

dansei-yo toire

would you like? ie, kore wa watashi mochi desu, nani ga i desu ka? a beer, please biru kudasai get back (return)

English Japanese

genuine (antique etc)

modorimasu

get in (arrive) get off

German (adj) Germany

defghi jkl
Doitsu

Doitsu (no)

orimasu

tochaku shimasu

where do I get off?

get (fetch)

mnopqr

te ni iremasu

orireba i desu ka?

get on (to train etc)

doko de

could you get me another one, please? mo hitotsu

norimasu orimasu

moraemasu ka?

stuvwxyz {|}~
do you know where I can get them? sore wa dokode te ni

get out (of car etc)

ABCDEFGHIJKLGi

how do I get to ...? ewa do ikeba i desu ka?

(take out) toridashimasu

jin
gift

get up (in the morning)

okimasu

okurimono gifuto-shoppu

hairimasu ka?

gift shop gin

!"

dialogue
can I get you a drink?

a gin and tonic, please jintonikku o onegai shimasu

nomimono wa ikaga desu ka?

no, Ill get this one, what

#$%&'()*+ ,-./ 012

onna no ko

girl

81

girlfriend give

3456789 :;<=
agemasu

garu-furendo

go

wed like to go to Tokyo Disneyland Tokyo-

ikimasu

82

English Japanese

can you give me some change? kore o kuzushite

Dizunirando ni itte mitai desu

>?@ABCDEF GHIJK
I gave it to him sore wa kare ni watashimashita

kuremasen ka?

where are you going?

doko e

LMNOPQRS TUV
will you give this to ...?

ikundesu ka?

where does this bus go?

kore

WXYZ[\]^_ `abcdef
give back glad

o ni watashite kuremasen ka?

kono basu wa doko e ikimasu ka? ikimasho!

lets go!

ABCDEFGHIJKLGi

ghij klmn opq rst

ureshi

kaeshimasu

hamburger to go

hambaga o

teiku-auto de garasu

glass (material)

!"#
I went there last week

(for drinking) koppu

a glass of wine

shes gone (left) kanojo wa itte shimaimashita

wain o

ippai

uvwxyz {|} ~
megane tebukuro setchaku-zai

glasses (spectacles) gloves

where has he gone? kare wa doko e ikimashita ka?

senshu

glue (noun)

soko e ikimashita

$%&'()*

+,go away

ghij
good

English Japanese

!"#$%
go away!

dekakemasu atchi e itte!

kl
good!

&'()*+,go back (return)

mnopq
its no good

yokatta!

./01

kaerimasu shita e

sore wa dame sayonara

desu

go down (the stairs etc)

rstuvwx yz{|} ~
(informal) dewa mata (between friends) ja ne

ikimasu
go in

234567 89:;<=> ?@ABC

do you want to go out tonight?

goodbye (formal)

naka e hairimasu gaishutsu

go out (in the evening)

shimasu

good evening Good Friday

gozaimasu

komban wa

komban dekaketai desu ka?

DEFGHIJKL MN
go through

Sei-Kinyobi

ABCDEFGHIJKLGo

good morning

OPQRST UVWXYZ [\
kami-sama goguru

torinukemasu ue e

ohayo

go up (the stairs etc)

good night (when leaving)

ikimasu
God

osaki

(when going to bed) oyasuminasai

ni

goggles gold

]^_` a
kin

got: weve got to leave

mo ikanakereba narimasen

goldfish

bc

kingyo

have you got any ...?

golf

def

gorufu gorufu-jo

motte imasu ka?

golf course

83

government

seifu

great (excellent) thats great!

LMNOP
a great success

subarashi

84

English Japanese

gradually

dandan guramu

QRSTUVW XYZ [\
greedy Great Britain

sore wa sugoi! daiseiko

gram(me)

granddaughter (ones own)

Eikoku

magomusme (someone elses) omago-san

]^_`abc defghij
midori (no)

yokubari (na)

(for food) kuishimbo (no)

green

grandfather (ones own)

sofu

(someone elses) oji-san

!"#$%
sobo

klmnop qrstu
jidosha-hoken

green card (car insurance)

grandmother (ones own)

&'

greengrocers

(someone elses) oba-san

()*+, -./
grapefruit grapes grass

vwx

yao-ya

ABCDEFGHIJKLGo

grey

grandson (ones own)

yz{|}

hai-iro (no) guriru de yaita

magomusuko

grilled

~
jimen

(someone elses) omago-san

0123
budo

grocers ground

shokuryohin-ten

456789:; <=> ?
kusa ureshi

gurepu-frutsu

on the ground

group

jimen ni

ground floor

ikkai

grateful gravy

@ABC

DEFGHIJK

gurebi-sosu

gurupu hosho

guarantee (noun)

is it guaranteed?

hosho-

(womens) biyoin

English Japanese

guest

tsuki desu ka?

456
hairdryer hair gel

okyaku-sama

789:; <=>
jeru

doraiya

guesthouse minshuku guide (person)

hairgrips

gaido

?@AB
hambun

heya-pin heya-supure

hair spray

guidebook

gaido-bukku gaido-tsuki tua haguki

CDEFGH IJ
half an hour

half

guided tour

ju

gum (in mouth) gun (rifle)

KLM

han-jikan

half a litre

NOPQR
about half that

han-rittoru sono

(pistol) pisutoru

!"#$
gym

hambun kurai
half board

ABCDEFGHIJKLHa

STUVWXY
asayu-nishoku-tsuki

%&

jimu

Z[\]^_
half-bottle half fare

H
hair

`abcde fg
hangaku hangaku

hafu-botoru

'

kami burashi sampatsu

half-price

hairbrush

()* +,

(no)
ham

hijkl mn
hamu hambaga

haircut (mans)

(womans) heya-katto

-./01 23

hamburger hand

opqrst u
te

hairdressers (mens)

toko-ya

85

handbag

vwxyz{

handobaggu handobureki hankachi totte

happy

>?@A BCDEFGHI JKL M

minato katai

ureshi

86

English Japanese

handbrake

|}~

Im not happy about this sore niwa nattoku dekimasen

handkerchief

handle (on door)

harbour hard

(on suitcase) mochite

hand luggage hang-gliding hangover

NOP

tenimotsu

(difficult) muzukashi

QRSTU
hard-boiled egg

futsukayoi
Ive got a hangover

hanguraidingu

katayude-tamago
hard lenses

VWXYZ[\
hardly: I hardly ever ...

]^_`abcd
hotondo -masen
I hardly ever go

hado-kontakuto

futsukayoi desu
happen

ABCDEFGHIJKLGr

okorimasu do natte
whats happening?

efghijklm
metta ni ikimasen

imasu ka?

(whats on?) nani o yatte imasu ka?

nopqrstuv

(whats wrong?) do shitandesu ka?

what has happened?

!"#$%&'( )*

I hardly know him kare no koto wa hotondo shirimasen

wxyz{|}~
kirai desu mochimasu boshi kanamono-ya

hardware shop hat

+,-./0123
nani ga

456789:; <=

attandesu ka?

hate (verb) have


o moratte mo i desu ka?
can I have a ...? can we have some ...?

01
headlights

English Japanese

do you have ...?

!"#$%& '()*+ ,-./0

kikoemasu

heddo-raito heddo-hon kenko (na)

headphones

o ikutsuka moraemasu ka?

healthy (person)

(food) karada ni i
hear

123456 789:;

o motte

imasu ka?

whatll you have (to drink)?

dialogue
can you hear me?

nani ni shimasu ka?

I have to ...

-nakute wa

kikoemasu ka?
I cant hear you, could you repeat that? kikoemasen,

I have to leave now

narimasen

ABCDEFGHIJKLHe

-nakute wa narimasen ka?
do I have to ...?

mo ikanakute wa narimasen

mo ichido itte kuremasen ka?

hearing aid

<=> ?@

hochoki

heart

shinzo shinzomahi

!"# $%&'( )*+ ,

kare atama zutsu kafun-sho

heart attack heat

ABCD EF GH
atsusa

hayfever he*

heater (in room)

dambo

(in car) hita

heating

head

-./

IJKL MN

dambo

headache

87

heavy

OPQ RST UVW

omoi kakato

domo arigato
helpful

88

English Japanese

heel (of foot)

to her

(of shoe) hiru hiru o naoshite kuremasen ka?

could you heel these?

yaku ni tatsu kan-en

hepatitis her*

XYZ[\]^_ `abcdef gh ij
shincho (of object) takasa

with her for her

kanojo (o)

kanojo ni kanojo to

height (of person)

ni

helicopter hello

klmnop qrstu vwxy

konnichi wa

herikopta

kanojo no tame

thats her

!"#$

kanojo desu

ABCDEFGHIJKLHe

(on phone) moshi-moshi

helmet (for motorcycle)

I havent seen her kanojo niwa atte imasen

herumetto
help (noun)

z{|}~
help!

%&'()*+ ,-./
her ...

kyoryoku

0123

kanojo no

(verb) tetsudaimasu

tasukete!

its her car sore wa kanojo no kuruma desu herbal tea

456789:;< =>?@AB CDE FG

(medicinal) yakuso habu-ti habu

can you help me?

tetsudatte

herbs (for cooking)

kuremasen ka?

thank you very much for your help tetsudatte kurete

here

HI

koko

here is/are ...

wa koko

desu

JKLMNO
here you are (offering)

hip

English Japanese

PQRSTU
hers*

dozo

hai,

for hire

oshiri

hire

karimasu rentaru (no)

VWX

kanojo no sore wa kanojo

where can I hire a bike?

thats hers

no desu
hey!

YZ[\]^_` abcde fghi jk

takai bebi-chea domo! chotto!

doko de jitensha ga kariraremasu ka?

his*

hi! (hello) high

kare no

its his car

highchair highway hill

lmnopq rstu v
oka kare (o) kare ni kare to

thats his

sore wa kare no kuruma desu

ABCDEFGHIJKLHo

kosokudoro

sore wa kare no

desu

!"
shumi mochimasu hitchi-haiku

hitch-hike hobby

him*

wxyz
to him

{| }~

hold (verb) hole

#$%& '( )*
ana

with him for him

thats him

kare no tame ni kare desu kare niwa

holiday

yasumi yasumi de

on holiday

+,Holland

I havent seen him

atte imasen

./01

Oranda

89

home

23

uchi uchi de

vw
hospitality

90

English Japanese

at home (in my house)

456

xyz{|

omotenashi

thank you for your hospitality

(in my country) watashi no kuni de

789:

omotenashi domo arigato gozaimashita

we go home tomorrow

watashitachi wa ashita kikoku shimasu

}~
hot

;<=>?@ABC DEF
honey

atsui

(spicy) karai

GHIJ KLMN
kibo

hachimitsu shinkon-ryoko bonnetto

Im hot

honeymoon

desu

atsui desu kyo wa atsui

its hot today

hood (US: of car)

OPQRS TU
I hope so

hotel

ABCDEFGHIJKLHo

hope

VWXYZ[\]^
I hope not

so da to i desu ne so de nai to i

hoteru

(Japanese-style) ryokan
hotel room hot spring

_`abcdef ghi
hopefully horrible horse

desu ne

onsen jikan ie

hoteru no heya

jklm
uma

dekireba

hour

nopqr s

osoroshi

house

hovercraft

horse riding

tu

joba

!"#$%&' ()
do
how many?

hoba-kurafuto

how

hospital

byoin

ikutsu?

*+,how do you do?

[\]
hurry up! hurt (verb)

English Japanese

hajimemashite

./0123
dialogues
how are you?

^_`abcde fghi
itamimasu totemo
it really hurts

isoide kudasai!

itamimasu ogenki desu ka? e, okagesama de, sochira wa do desu ka?

fine, thanks, and you? how much is it?

jklmnop qr
shujin (someone elses) goshujin

husband (ones own)

stu
hydrofoil

my husband

ikura desu

vwxyz {|}~

uchi no shujin

ka?
520 yen

go-hyaku-ni-juja, sore o

suichu-yokusen

en desu

ABCDEFGHIJKLIc

Ill take it

kudasai
humid

I
I

4567

mushi-atsui onaka ga suita

watashi kori kori-iri kori wa i

hungry

89:;<=>
are you hungry?

ice

onaka ga

with ice

sukimashita ka?

?@ABCDEFG HI JKLM
isogimasu isoide imasu isogu koto
Im in a hurry

desu

no ice, thanks

hurry (verb)

ice cream

NOPQRS
theres no hurry

no kon

aisu-kurimu aisu-kurimu

ice-cream cone

wa arimasen

TUVWXYZ

91

ice lolly idea idiot if

kangae hakuchi

aisu-kyandi

GHIJ
in: its in the centre

92

English Japanese

sore wa hankagai ni arimasu

KLMNOPQRS TU VWXYZ[
in Sapporo

moshi byoki (no)

in my car watashi no kuruma no naka

ill

I feel ill

\]^
in May

Sapporo ni

illness

kibun ga warui desu

byoki

_`a bcd

Gogatsu ni Eigo de Nihon-go de ima

in English

imitation (leather etc)

mozohin

in Japanese

efgh

immediately

sugu

in two days from now

important

taisetsu (na) totemo

ijklmno
in five minutes

kara futsuka de

ABCDEFGHIJKLIc

its very important

pqr
is he in? incense

go-fun de

taisetsu desu

!"#$%&'
its not important

do demo i

stuvwxy z{
oko
inch

kare wa imasu ka?

koto desu

()*+,-./ 01 234567 89:;<=

fukano (na) insho-teki (na)

|}~

inchi fukumimasu

impossible impressive

include

does that include meals?

shokuji wa komi desu ka?

improve: I want to improve my Japanese Nihon-go ga

is that included? sore mo ryokin ni fukumarete imasu ka?

>?@ABCDEF

umak naritai desu


inconvenient incredible

injection

*+

chusha

English Japanese

fuben (na)

injured

,-./0

kega o shita

winka

shinjirarenai Indo (no)

shes been injured kanojo wa kega o shimashita

Indian (adj) indicator

1234567 89: ;<

inn (Japanese-style) inner tube (for tyre)

ryokan chubu

indigestion

shokafuryo okunai-puru

=>?@ A
mushi

indoor pool indoors

okunai

insect

insect bite

BCDE

mushi-sasare

inexpensive infection

tegoro (na)

kansensho densensei (no) ensho

do you have anything for insect bites? mushi-sasare

ABCDEFGHIJKLIn

no kusuri wa arimasu ka?

infectious

kudaketa joho

FGHIJKLMN OPQR
mushiyoke

insect repellent

inflammation informal

STU
no naka

inside: inside the hotel

hoteru

information

VWXYZ[
lets sit inside

do you have any information about ...? ni tsuite no

suwarimasho
insist

naka ni

!"#$%&
information desk

joho ga arimasu ka?

\]^_`abcd efghij
I insist

iharimasu

'()

annaisho

klmno
if you insist

doka zehi

do shitemo to

93

iunara

pqrstu vwxy
instant coffee

intersection

94

English Japanese

z{|}~
kudasai

insutanto-kohi

kosaten kyukei-

interval (at theatre)

jikan
into

ni

instead: give me that one instead kawari ni sotchi

instead of ...

Im not into ... wa suki dewa arimasen

no kawari

!"#$%&'( )*+ ,-./0

shokai shimasu

ni

hoken atama ga i inshurin

introduce

insulin

may I introduce ...? (formal)

insurance

intelligent

(informal) o shokai shimasu

invitation

12345678 9: ;<=>?@A BC
shotai shotai shimasu seikyusho

o goshokai itashimasu

ABCDEFGHIJKLIn

interested: Im interested in ...

ni kyomi ga arimasu
interesting

omoshiroi
thats very interesting sore wa totemo omoshiroi desu

invite

DEFGH IJK

invoice

kokusai-teki

Ireland Airurando Irish Airurando

LMNOPQ
(no)

international

Internet

(na)

tsuyaku

intanetto

RSTUVW XYZ

Im Irish watashi wa Airurando-jin desu

interpreter

[\]^_`abc

de
iron (for ironing)

English Japanese

fghi

airon

J
jacket

can you iron these for me?

kore ni airon o kakete kuremasen ka?

jamu

jaketto

jklmnopqr stuvwxyz{
is*

jam (preserve)

jammed: its jammed

|}~
sore

desu shima

tsumatte imasu
January

(no) Ichigatsu
Japan

island it

it is ...

Nihon Nihon

is it ...?

sore wa desu desu ka? doko desu ka?

Japanese (adj)

where is it? its him

(noun) Nihon-jin

ABCDEFGHIJKLJa

it was ...

!"# $%& '( )*

(language) Nihon-go
the Japanese Japanese food Japanese-style Japan Sea

kare desu deshita Itaria (no)

Nihon-jin washoku wafu

Italian (adj) Italy

zoge kayui desu Itaria

itch: it itches ivory

+,./ 01
ago jazu

Nihon-kai

jar (noun) jaw

bin

jazz

234
95

jeans

5678 9:;
kurage seta

jinzu

juice July

tuvwxyz{| }~
Shichigatsu jampu shimasu kosaten

fresshu-jusu

96

English Japanese

jellyfish jersey jetty

<=>? @ABC DEF GH

sambashi hoseki-ten

jump (verb)

junction (in road)

jewellers jewellery

(on motorway) intachenji

June

hoseki (no)

Rokgatsu dake
just (only) just two

Jewish Yudaya job

IJKLMN OP
shigoto jogingu

just for me just here

futatsu dake watashi ni dake

jogging

QRSTU VW
jodan osenko

not just now

ABCDEFGHIJKLJe

joke

desu

chodo koko de ima wa dame

joss stick journey

XYZ [\

ryoko

weve just arrived

ima tsuita

sore dewa tanoshi ryoko o!

have a good journey! judo jug

tokoro desu

]^_`abcde fg hi
judo mizusashi

!"#$%&'( )*

K
keep (verb)

jkl

a jug of water

mnopqrs

mizusashi ippai no mizu

+,-./01
keep the change

totte okimasu otsuri wa

kekko desu

23456789:;
can I keep it?

thats very kind

moratte mo i

sore wa

English Japanese

goshinsetsu ni

desu ka?

<=>?@ABCD EF
please keep it

dialogue
which kind do you want?

dozo omochi dochira ga i desu ka? I want this/that kind kono/ sono shurui ga hoshi desu
kiosk

kudasai

GHIJKL MNOP QRSTU VWX YZ

kagi yakan kechappu

ketchup kettle key

kiosuku kisu

kiss (noun)

the key for room 201, please

ni-maru-ichi-go no kagi o onegai shimasu

(verb) kisu shimasu

kitchen

[ \ ] ^_`abcd efgh
keyring

daidokoro

ABCDEFGHIJKLKn

kite

ijklmn op qr
jinzo kiro kirometoru

kihoruda

tako tako-age

kite-flying Kleenex knee

kidneys kilo

hiza

shotsu

tisshu-pepa

kilometre

stuvwx

knickers knife

how many kilometres is it to ...? made nan-kiro

naifu

arimasu ka?

yz{|}~
shinsetsu

knock (verb)

kaeshimasu

nokku shimasu hikkuri

kind (generous)

knock over (object)

97


(pedestrian) hanemasu

QRSTUV
lady

98

English Japanese

WX

josei raga-biru

hes been knocked over

kare

lager lake

know

wa kuruma ni haneraremashita

YZ[\]^ _
mizumi kohitsuji

lamb (meat)

!"#$%&
I dont know

shitte imasu

`a

lamp

'()*+

shirimasen

bcde fg hi jk

sutando shasen

lane (motorway)

I didnt know that

,-./0123 456

sore wa shirimasen deshita

(small road) roji

language

kotoba

do you know where I can find ...? doko de ga te

ni

(foreign language) gaikoku-go

ABCDEFGHIJKLKn

789:;<=>? @ABC
Korean (adj)

hairimasu ka?

lmn

language course

gogaku-kosu
large

DEFGH

Kankoku (no)

opqrs tuv wxyz{

last week

oki

L
label

last (final)

saigo (no) senshu senshu no

IJK LM

raberu shikki

|}

last Friday

lacquerware

Kinyobi
last night

~
yube
what time is the last train to Yokohama? Yokohama-iki

ladies room, ladies toilets

keshoshitsu

NOP

ladies wear

fujinfuku-uriba

no saishu-densha wa nanji desu ka?

late

9:;<=>?@A B
laugh (verb)

English Japanese

CDEF

waraimasu

osoi okurete

launderette, laundromat

koin-randori mono

sorry Im late

GHIJKLMN
laundry (clothes)

sumimasen

the train was late

sentaku-

densha ga

OPQRST
(place) sentaku-ya

we must go well be late

okuremashita

UVWXY
lavatory law

ikanaito chikoku shite shimaimasu

Z[\ ]^

toire

zuibun osoku narimashita
its getting late

horitsu shibafu

lawn

_`a bcd ef

ABCDEFGHIJKLLe

ato de ato de
Ill come back later

lawyer

bengoshi gezai

laxative lazy

later

ghijk lmn

namake-mono kodo

modotte kimasu
see you later later on

!"#$%&'() *+,-./0 123

ato de saishin (no) sore ja mata

lead (electrical) lead (verb)

opqrst

tsujite imasu

where does this road lead?

latest (most recent)

45678

kono michi wa doko ni tsujite imas ka?

leaf

by Wednesday at the latest

osoku-tomo Suiyobi made ni

uvwxyz{ |}~
happa

99

leaflet

chirashi more amamori ga

may I leave this here?

ni oite mo i desu ka?

koko

100

English Japanese

leak (noun)

the roof leaks

learn

shimasu

at least

naraimasu zenzen

./0123456 789:;
left

I left my coat in the bar ba ni koto o okiwasuremashita

!"#$%&'() *+,-

least: not in the least

<

hidari hidari ni hidari e

on the left

leather

sukunaku-tomo

=> ?@

to the left turn left

kawa shuppatsu

hidari e magatte

leave (verb: depart)

kudasai

(put somewhere) okimasu

shimasu

ABCDEF GHIJ
theres none left

ABCDEFGHIJKLLe

mo

arimasen

(forget) okiwasuremasu

KLMNOPQ RST
hidari-kiki (no)

left-handed

I am leaving tomorrow

ashita

he left yesterday

shuppatsu shimasu

left luggage (office)

tenimotsu-azukari-jo

kare wa kino tachimashita

UVWXYZ
leg

ashi remon remonedo

lemon

when does the bus for Kanazawa leave? Kanazawa-

\]^

lemonade lend

iki no basu wa itsu shuppatsu shimasu ka?

_`abc defg
kashimasu

will you lend me your ...?

 o kashite kuremasen ka?

do you have any letters for me? watashi-ate no tegami

English Japanese

hijklmn opqrs
lens (of camera)

wa arimasu ka?

tuv

renzu

!" #$
futa uso o posuto retasu

lesbian less

wxyz{
less than

rezubian

letterbox lettuce library

|}~
ika sore hodo
less expensive

motto sukunaku

toshokan menkyo

licence lid

lesson

takaku nai

jugyo

lie (verb: tell untruth)

let: will you let me know?

shirasete kuremasen ka?

Ill let you know

%&'()*+
lie down

tsukimasu

ABCDEFGHIJKLLi

yoko ni narimasu

oshirase

,-./01 234
kyumeitai raifu-gado kyumei-doi erebeta

shimasu

lets go for something to eat

lifebelt

lifeguard

nani ka tabe ni ikimasho

let off

56789: ;<=>

life jacket

oroshimasu

lift (elevator)

?@ABCD
could you give me a lift?

will you let me off at ...?

letter

de oroshite kuremasen ka?

nosete kuremasen ka?

EFGHIJKL MN
would you like a lift?

tegami

nosete

101

agemasho ka?
light (noun)

OPQRSTUVW XY Z[\ ]^
hikari (electric) denki (adj: not heavy) karui

I like you

anata ga suki

102

English Japanese

I dont like it

desu

suki ja

arimasen

do you like ...?

ga suki

_`a
ka?

desu ka?

Id like a beer

do you have a light? (for cigarette) hi o motte imasu

biru ga hoshi oyogi

bcdefghi jk
light green light bulb

Id like to go swimming

desu

lmnopqrs tu
denkyu

usu-midori (no)

would you like a drink?

ni ikitai desu

nomimono wa ikaga desu ka?

ABCDEFGHIJKLLi

I need a new light bulb

atarashi denkyu ga hitsuyo desu

would you like to go for a walk? sampo ni ikitaku

vwxyz{|} ~
lighter (cigarette)

raita

arimasen ka?

!"#$
whats it like?

lightning

I like it

inabikari suki desu

do yu kanji

desu ka?

like (verb)

%&'()*+, -.
I want one like this

suki desu

no ga hoshi desu
lime

konna

I like going for walks

sampo ni ikuno ga suki desu

!"#$%&'( )* +,raimu

line

sen

dialogue
doko ni sunde imasu ka? I live in London Rondon ni sunde imasu
where do you live? lively

English Japanese

could you give me an outside line? gaisen ni tsunaide

/012345 6789
lips

kudasai

:;<= >?

kuchibiru kuchibeni rikyuru

z{|}~
kanzo (food) reba robi

iki-iki shita

lipstick liqueur listen litre

liver (in body)

@ABCD EFGH IJKL MNO

sukoshi arigato,
just a little, thanks

lobster local

kikimasu

lobby (in hotel)

rittoru

ise-ebi

little

jimoto no kagi kagi ga kakatte

ABCDEFGHIJKLLo

lock (noun) its locked

hon no sukoshi

PQRSTUVWX YZ[
a little milk

imasu

miruku o hon

no sukoshi

\]^_`ab cde
a little bit more

shimedashimasu tojikomemasu

lock in

fghij
live (verb)

mo sukoshi

lock out

klmnop
we live together

sunde imasu issho ni

Ive locked myself out of my room kagi o naka ni

sunde imasu

qrstuvwxy

wasuremashita

103

locker (for luggage etc)

rokka

opqrs
look after look at

104

English Japanese

lollipop

nagai Rondon

kyandi

tuvwxy z{|
mimasu

sewa o shimasu

London long

look for

}~

sagashimasu o

Im looking for ...

how long will it take to fix it?

sagashite imasu
look forward to

naosu no ni dono kurai kakarimasu ka?

tanoshimi ni

!"#$%&'() *+,-./01
how long does it take?

Im looking forward to it

shimasu

dono

23456789 :;<=
a long time

kurai kakarimasu ka?

tanoshimi ni shite imasu

loose (handle etc)

yurui
lorry lose

>?@

nagai aida

ABCDEFGHIJKLLo

long-distance call

chokyori-denwa

torakku

ABCDE

nakushimasu

look: Im just looking, thanks

Ive lost my way

miteru dake desu, arigato

FGHIJKLM NOPQR

e ikitai no desu ga, mayotte shimaimashita

michi ni mayotte shimaimashita

you dont look well guai ga yoku nasaso desu ne

Im lost, I want to get to ...

STUVWXYZ[ \]^_
look out!

`abcde

ki o tsuete!

Ive lost my bag

can I have a look? chotto misete kuremasen ka?

baggu o

fghijklmn

nakshimashita


lost property (office)

luck

un umaku ikimasu

English Japanese

ishitsubutsu-toriatsukai-jo

lot: a lot, lots not a lot

good luck!

yoni!

takusan

!"#$%&
a lot of people

an-mari oku naku takusan no

BCDEFGH IJKL MN
nimotsu nimotsu-yo

luggage

luggage trolley

hito

'()*+,a lot bigger

kato
lunch

./01234
I like it a lot

zutto oki totemo suki

OPQRST UV
chushoku
boxed lunch

56789:;
lotion loud

desu

WXYZ[
lungs

obento

<=>?@ !"#$ %&'( )

ai sawagashi raunji

roshon

hai zeitaku (na)

ABCDEFGHIJKLMa

luxurious

]^_`abc

lounge

M
machine

love (noun)

(verb) daisuki desu

*+,-.
I love Japan

de fg

kikai zasshi

magazine

/0123456
lovely

Nihon ga daisuki desu steki (na)

maid (in hotel)

kyakushitsu-gakari

789:;< => ?@
yasui (bridge) hikui

hij

low (prices)

(in Japanese inn, restaurant) nakai-san

klmn op

maiden name

kyusei

105

mail (noun)

qr

yubin

Malaysia

(verb) yuso shimasu

-./01
(no)

Mareshia Mareshia

106

English Japanese

stuvw

Malaysian (adj)

is there any mail for me?

nani ka yubin ga kite imasu ka?

23456789
man

xyz{|}~
mailbox main

:;< =>? @A

otoko no hito

manager (in restaurant, hotel)

shihainin (in shop) tencho (in business) keieisha

posuto

omo (na) mein-kosu yubinkyoku

main course

no honkyok

BCD

can I see the manager?

main post office

shihainin ni awasete kuremasen ka?

main road

odori

managing director shacho

EFGHIJKL MNOPQRS TU

ABCDEFGHIJKLMa

mains switch

dengen shurui

manual (car with manual gears)

make (brand name)

manyuaru (no)
many

VWXYZ[\] ^_`abcd
not many

(verb) tsukurimasu

takusan (no)

I make it 500 yen tatta go-hyaku-en desu what is it made of?

nani de

efghijk
map

amari ok nai

lm

chizu rosenzu

dekite imasu ka? kesho

!"#$%&'( )* +,

network map

nop
March

make-up

qr

Sangatsu magarin

margarine

stuvw
market

May

xy z{

ichiba

Gogatsu

English Japanese

may: may I have another one?

(in business) shijo

marmalade

|}~

mamaredo kekkon

mo hitotsu moratte mo i desu ka?

!"#$%&'() *+,-./0
may I come in?

married: Im married

haitte mo i

shite imasu

are you married?

desu ka?

kekkon

12345678 9:
may I see it? mite

martial arts

shite imasu ka?

mo i desu

budo

;<=>?@ABC
may I sit here? koko ni suwatte mo i desu ka?

ka?

mascara

masukara massaji

massage (noun) mat (Japanese)

DEFGHIJKL MNOP QRS

tabun mayonezu

ABCDEFGHIJKLMe

maybe

tatami shiai

mayonnaise me*

match (football etc) matches

TUVWX YZ[\
watashi (o)

matchi kiji nan

material (fabric)

thats for me sore wa watashi no desu send it to me

]^_`abc
okutte

matter: it doesnt matter

demo i desu

whats the matter?

kudasai
me too

do

defghij kl
watashi mo gohan, shokuji

mattress

shimashita ka? futon

meal

mnopqr

107

dialogue
did you enjoy your meal?

medium-dry

chu kurai no

108

English Japanese

karasa (no) oshokuji no ho wa ikaga deshita ka?

it was excellent, thank you

midiamu-rea

medium-rare

arigato gozaimasu, totemo oishikatta desu

mean: what do you mean?

(no)

nice to meet you

medium-sized

do

chu kurai (no)

iu koto desu ka?

stuvwxyz{|

meet

aimasu

dialogue
what does this word mean? kono kotoba it means ... in English

hajimemashite

where shall I meet you?

do iu imi desu ka?

wa Eigo

de aimasho ka?
meeting

doko

shukai (business) kaigi

ABCDEFGHIJKLMe

de to iu imi desu
measles

}~

hashika fushin

German measles meat

meeting place

machi-awase-basho
men

niku shuriko

dansei naoshimasu
mend

mechanic medicine

kusuri chu kurai (no)

could you mend this for me?

medium (adj)

(clothes) emu-saizu

kore o naoshite kuremasen ka?

! "#$%&'(

mens room menswear

)*+,-. /01234

dansei-yo toire

at midday

xyz

shogo ni

English Japanese

shinshifuku-uriba do

middle: in the middle

mannaka ni

mention: dont mention it

{|}~
no

itashimashite
menu

56789:;< =>?@
menyu
may I see the menu, please?

in the middle of the night

mayonaka ni
the middle one

mannaka

menyu o onegai shimasu

see menu reader page 266 message dengon

ABCDEFGHI JK LM

mayonaka mayonaka ni iku kamo
at midnight

midnight

shiremasen

might: I might go

are there any messages for me? dengon ga nani ka

I might not go

ABCDEFGHIJKLMi

arimasen deshita ka?

NOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\
I want to leave a message for ... -san ni dengon o

ikanai kamo

I might want to stay another day mo ippaku suru kamo

shiremasen

onegai shimasu

]^_`abcde fghij kl
kinzoku metoru denshi-

shiremasen

metal

henzutsu usuaji (no)

migraine

metre

mnop

mild (taste)

microwave (oven)

!
(weather) atatakai

renji

qrstu vw
shogo

!"#$%
mile

midday

&'(

mairu

109

milk

)*+

miruku miruku-seki

DEFG
mirror

110

English Japanese

milkshake millimetre

,-./01 234567 89:;<= >?@A

HIJ

kagami -san basu ni

Miss ...

mirimetoru

KLMN

miss: I missed the bus

mind: never mind

ki ni shinaide kudasai

OPQRSTU VWX
ki ga
missing: one of my ... is missing ga hitotsu

noriokuremashita

Ive changed my mind

kawarimashita

!"#$%&'(

miatarimasen

YZ[\]^_`a bcd
theres a suitcase missing

dialogue
do you mind if I open the window? mado o akete

sutsuesu ga miatarimasen

mo i desho ka?

efghijklm nopqr
mist

ABCDEFGHIJKLMi

no, I dont mind mine*: its mine

e, dozo

kiri machigai

mistake (noun)

watashi no

tuvw

)*+,
mineral water mints

desu

I think theres a mistake

-./012345 678 9
minto fun sug ni

mineraru-uota

domo machigai ga aru yo nan desu ga

xyz{|}~
sorry, Ive made a mistake

minute

sumimasen, machigaemashita

in a minute

:;<
kudasai

mix-up: sorry, theres been a mix-up sumimasen, techigai

just a minute

chotto matte

=>?@ABC

deshita


mobile phone

motto takai/omoshiroi go-ju ijo sore ijo

English Japanese

keitaidenwa

()*+,-./ 012
more than 50

modern

nyueki

modan (na)

3 456
a lot more

more than that

moisturizer

789:

moment: I wont be a moment

;<=>?@A
dialogue

motto takusan

sugu modorimasu
monastery

soin
Monday money

Getsuyobi

would you like some more? mo sukoshi ikaga

desu ka?
no, no more for me, thanks ie, mo kekko

okane getsu

month (this, last, next etc)

desu
how about you?

ABCDEFGHIJKLMo

(one, two, three etc) kagetsu

moon

wa do desu ka?

sochira

monument

kinenhi

I dont want any more, thanks mo kekko desu morning

tsuki tansha

asa kesa asa ni

moped

this morning

CD EF G

more*

motto

in the morning mosquito

can I have some more water, please? omizu o mo

ka

sukoshi moraemasu ka?

!"#$%&'
more expensive/interesting

mosquito repellent

kayoke-supure

HIJKLMN
most: I like this one most of all

111

kore ga ichiban suki desu

OPQRSTUVW XY
most of the time

mouth

112

English Japanese

kuchi ugokashimasu

Z[\]

taitei

move (verb)

most tourists

ryokokyaku
mostly

taitei no

^_`abcde fghi j
haha (someone elses) oka-san taitei

hes moved to another room kare wa

hikkoshimashita

could you move your car?

mother (ones own)

kuruma o ugokashite kuremasen ka?

klmn
no haha

giri
could you move up a little?

mother-in-law (ones own)

(someone elses) giri no okasan

opqr

sukoshi tsumete kuremasen ka?

stuvwxy z{|}~
otobai motaboto

movie

ABCDEFGHIJKLMo

motorbike

eiga eigakan

movie theater (US)

motorboat motorway mountain

yama

Mr

kosokudoro

!"#$ %&'( )*+,-./

much better

-san

Mrs Ms

-san

-san

up in the mountains

mouse

yama ni

much

takusan (no)

mountaineering

tozan

nezumi kuchihige

0123456
much worse

zutto i desu nao warui desu

moustache

789:;<

much hotter not much

=>?@A BCD EFG

not very much

zutto atsui

narimasen

English Japanese

sukoshi amari amari

I mustnt drink alcohol

watashi wa arukoru o nonde wa ikenain desu

I dont want very much

HIJKLMNO PQ
mud

hoshiku nai desu

mustard

RS

doro magukappu goto ni

watashi no

masutado

(Japanese) karashi
my*

mug (for drinking)

TUVWX

Ive been mugged

YZ[\]^_ `ab
mum

osowaremashita

myself: Ill do it myself

jibun

de shimasu
by myself

jibun de

ABCDEFGHIJKLNa

cd

mama otafuku-kaze hakubutsuan kinoko

mumps

efghij klm nop qr

museum

N
nail (finger)

mushrooms music

tsume

ongaku ongak-ka Isuramukyo (no)

(metal) kugi
nailbrush

musician

stu

!"
namae

tsume-burashi manikyua

Muslim (adj) mussels

vwxyz {|}~

nail varnish name

murugai -nakereba

must: I must ...

my names John

watashi no

113

namae wa John desu

#$%&'()* +,
shitsurei desu ga, onamae wa?
whats your name?

hankagai kara chikai desu ka?

114

English Japanese

nopqrstuv wx
do you go near the Osaka-jo?

-./01234 56

Osaka-jo no chikaku e ikimasu ka?

what is the name of this street? kono tori no namae

yz{|}~
where is the nearest ...?

wa nan desu ka?

789:;<=>? @ABC DEFG HIJ KLM

napukin omutsu semai iya (na)

ichiban chikai wa doko desu ka?

napkin nappy

nearby nearly

chikai

narrow (street)

kubi

hotondo hitsuyo (na)

ABCDEFGHIJKLNa

nasty (person)

NOPQR STU

necessary neck

(weather, accident etc) hidoi

national

VWXYZ [\

kokuritsu (no) kokuseki

necklace necktie

nekutai

nekkuresu

nationality natural

]^_`a bcd
hakike

shizen (na)

need: I need ...

ga hitsuyo

desu

nausea

hari

navy (blue) near

efghi jklm

kon-iro (no)

do I need to pay? okane wa haraun desho ka?

no soba

needle

is it near the city centre?

negative (film)

nega

new

IJK

atarashi nyus

English Japanese

neither: neither (one) of them

news (radio, TV etc)

dochira demo nai

neither ... nor ...

demo

LMNO PQR ST

newsagents newspaper New Year

shimbun-ya

nephew (ones own)

demo nai

shimbun

oi

UVW

oshogatsu

(someone elses) oigo-san

!"#$
net (in sport)

Happy New Year!

%&' ()

netto

akemashite omedeto gozaimasu!

net price never*

seika

XYZ[\]^_` abcdefg
New Years Day

*+,-./012
I never go there soko

kesshite -masen

hi

gantan omisoka

ABCDEFGHIJKLNe

New Years Eve

e wa

jkl

3456789: ;<=>?
(never been/done) koto ga arimasen

kesshite ikimasen

New Zealand

mnopqrst

Nyu-Jirando

New Zealander: Im a New Zealander watashi wa Nyu-

@ABCDEFGH

Jirando-jin desu tsugi (no)

uvwxyz{|} ~
the next turning/street on the left tsugi no hidari no

dialogue
have you ever been to Tokyo? Tokyo ni itta

next

koto wa arimasu ka?

no, Ive never been there

magarikado/michi
at the next stop

ie, ichido mo itta koto ga arimasen

tsugi no

teiryu-jo de

115

next week

raishu

nightclub

naitokurabu naitodoresu

116

English Japanese

next to

nice (food)

no tonari oishi

nightdress

night porter

yakan no furonto-gakari

(looks, view etc) kirei (na)

niece (ones own)

no ...

no* (answer)

ie

(person) shinsetsu (na)

mei

!"#$%&'
Ive no change

ga arimasen

kozeni ga ga mo

(someone elses) meigo-san

night

arimasen

()*+,-./
theres no ... left

yoru yoru ni oyasuminasai

arimasen
no way!

at night

012345678 9:;<=>?
oh no! (upset)

tondemo nai! masaka!

ABCDEFGHIJKLNi

good night

dialogue

@ABC
nobody*

DEFGHIJK LMNOPQRS TUV WX

so-on urusai

dare mo -masen

do you have a single room for one night? ippaku

theres nobody there soko niwa dare mo imasen

desu ga shinguru wa aite imasu ka? yes, madam hai, gozaimasu

how much is it per night?

noise noisy

ippaku ikura desu ka? 5,000 yen ippaku gosen-en ni narimasu thank you, Ill take it ja, onegai shimasu

YZ[\

non-alcoholic

arukoru-nuki

(no)

]^_`abc def

none* (people)

dare mo

North Korea

-masen

ghijklmn
(things) dore mo -masen

Kita-Chosen

English Japanese

northwest Norway

hokusei

opqrstuv
kinen-koshitsu

nonsmoking compartment

hana

Norue

wxyz
noodles noon

Norwegian (adj) nose

-masen

Norue (no)

{|} ~
at noon

menrui

shogo shogo ni

not*

no, Im not hungry

no-one*

ie, onaka

ga suite imasen watashi mo so

kita kita ni kita e
in the north

dare mo -masen

I dont want any, thank you

nor: nor do I

desu

normal north

futsu (no)

arigato, demo watashi wa kekko desu

its not necessary

ABCDEFGHIJKLNo

!"#$%&'() *+,-./0
hitsuyo nai desu

123456 789:;<=> ?@A

not that one

to the north

I didnt know that sore wa shirimasen deshita

north of Kanazawa

Kanazawa no kita

northeast

sore ja

hokuto Kita-

arimasen

BCDEFGHIJ
not that one, this one

sore ja

Northern Ireland

nakute, kore desu

Airurando

KLMNOPQRS TU
117

note (banknote)

VW XY

shihei

nuts

notebook nothing

techo

nattsu

118

English Japanese

Z[\]^_` abcdefg hi
shosetsu Juichigatsu

nani mo -masen nani

O
Occidental

nothing for me, thanks

mo irimasen
novel

seiyo (no) hanashi-chu

occupied (phone)

(toilet) shiyo-chu
October

November

jkl mn op qr
ima

now

Jugatsu

oclock

number

bango

ji kawatta

(figure) suji
Ive got the wrong number

odd (strange) of*

no

ABCDEFGHIJKLNo

bango o machigaemashita

off (lights)

stuvwxy z{|
what is your phone number?

its just off ...

kiete iru

were off tomorrow

sore wa kara sugu desu

denwabango wa nan-ban desu ka?

ashita

}~
number plate nurse (man)

office (place of work)

tachimasu

kangoshi (woman) kangofu

namba-pureto

jimusho

officer (said to policeman)

omawari-san
often

!"#$%& '(
yoku

not often

)*+,

metta ni

~
is this train OK for ...?

English Japanese

how often are the buses?

basu wa nan-bon kurai arimasu ka?

-./012345 6789:
oil (for car)

old (person)

kono densha wa e ikimasu ka?

(thing) furui

toshi o totta

;<= >?@

oiru

(for cooking) abura

dialogue
how old are you? oikutsu desu ka? Im 25 ni-ju-go desu and you? anata wa? old-fashioned

(for salad) sarada-oiru

ABCDEF
ointment

GH

nanko

OK

IJKL
are you OK?

oke

daijobu desu sore de

mukashi-fu

ABCDEFGHIJKLOn

ka?

MNOPQRS
is that OK with you?

(no)

kyushigai

TUVWXYZ[\
is it OK to ...?

i desu ka? desu ka?

old town (old part of town)

shite mo i

in the old town

]^_`abcd ef
thats OK, thanks

omelette on

kyushigai ni

no ue

omuretsu

ghijklmn opqrstu vwxyz{|}

(I feel OK) daijobu desu

sore de kamaimasen, arigato

on the street

tori de

Im OK (nothing for me) watashi wa kekko desu

is it on this road? sore wa kono michizoi desu ka?

119

on the plane on Saturday

on television

hikoki de Doyobi ni terebi de ima

120

English Japanese

a one-way ticket to ...

made katamichi-kippu o ichi-mai

TUVWXYZ[\ ]^
onion only

I havent got it on me

_`ab cde
only one

tamanegi

this ones on me (drink) kore wa watashi mochi desu

motte imasen

dake hitotsu dake mada

the light wasnt on

fghij
rokuji desu

its only 6 oclock

!"#$%&' ()*+,-

denki ga tsuite imasen deshita

klmnop
Ive only just got here

mada

tsuita bakari desu

whats on tonight? komban wa nani o yatte imasu ka?

./012345 6789: ;< =>

(formerly) mae ni (as soon as) ittan -tara
at once (immediately)

qrstuvwx yz {|}~
suitchi hiraita

ABCDEFGHIJKLOn

on/off switch open (adj)

once (on one occasion)

ikkai

(verb: door) akemasu

sugu

?@ABCDEF GH
one*

(of shop) eigyo-chu

when do you open?

koko wa

IJK

hitotsu shiroi no katamichi-

I cant get it open

itsu akimasu ka?

the white one

LMNO PQRS
kippu

in the open air

akimasen

one-way ticket

kogai de

opening times

eigyojikan


open ticket opera

opera

opun-chiketto

restaurant)

chumon shite mo i desu ka?

Ive already ordered mo chumon shimashita

English Japanese

BCDEFGHIJ KL MNOPQRST UVWXYZ[\] ^_`

out of order

operation (medical) operator (telephone)

shujutsu opereta

ba

I didnt order this kore wa chumon shimasen deshita

opposite: the opposite direction hantaihoko the bar opposite

mukai no

abcdefg
ordinary other

kowarete imasu

opposite my hotel

hijklm nopqr
the other one the other day

futsu (no)

hoteru no

hoka no

mukaigawa ni
optician or

mata wa orenji megane-ya

stuvw xyz

mo kataho no

ABCDEFGHIJKLOu

sujitsu mae

orange (fruit)

!"#$

Im waiting for the others hoka no hitotachi o matte imasu

(colour) orenji-iro (no)

orange juice orchestra

%&'()*+, -./01234 56789: ;<

okesutora chumon orenji-jusu

{|}~
do you have any others?

hoka nimo arimasu ka?

otherwise Oriental our(s)*

samonaito toyo (no)

order (noun)

(verb) chumon shimasu

=>?@A

watashitachi no kare wa

can we order now? (in

out: hes out

121

gaishutsu-chu desu

three kilometres out of town

!"#$%&'( )*+,
own: my own ...

122

English Japanese

machi kara san-kiro

outdoor pool outside

watashi-jishin no

okugai-puru

-./01
desu ka?

are you on your own?

ohitori

no soto ni soto ni

23456789
Im on my own owner

can we sit outside?

:;<=> ?@A BC
oyster

hitori desu

suwaremasu ka?
oven

koko ni
over there

mochinushi kaki

obun

over: over here

its over

asoko ni ijo

P
Pacific Ocean Taiheiyo

ABCDEFGHIJKLOu

over 500 go-hyaku

DEF

owarimashita

pack (verb)

nimotsu o tsumemasu
a pack of ...

overcharge: youve overcharged me kore wa torisugi desu

GHIJKLM NOPQR
hito-pakku kozutsumi pakku-

6 ! "#$% &'(
sarubin oba

overcoat

package (parcel)

ST

overland mail

package holiday

ryoko

overnight (travel) overtake

)*+,-

ippaku (no)

UVWXY Z[\

packed lunch

obento

./0123

oikoshimasu

packet: a packet of cigarettes

owe: how much do I owe you?

ikura haraeba i desu ka?

tabako hito-hako

]^_ `a

paddy field

bcd efg

tambo peji

pants (underwear: mens)

pantsu

English Japanese

page (of book)

(womens) shotsu

pantyhose

could you page Mr ...?

hijklmno pqrstuvwx
pagoda

-san o yobidashite kuremasen ka? to

(US: trousers) zubon

kami (Japanese) washi

panti-sutokkingu

paper

pain

z{

itami koko ga

I have a pain here

!" #$

|}~
painful

itai desu

(newspaper) shimbun
a piece of paper

itai itamidome

kami

ichi-mai

painkillers painting

%&' ()*
origami tisshu-

ABCDEFGHIJKLPa

paper folding

paper handkerchiefs

pair: a pair of ...

hito-kumi

pepa

no
palace

+,-./0123 45
kozutsumi

parcel

kyuden usu-

pale (colour) pale blue pan

furaipan

pardon (me)? (didnt understand/hear) nante

imashita ka?

shotsu

usu-aoi

6789:;<= >? @A

parents (ones own)

ryoshin

panties (womens underwear)

(someone elses) goryoshin

BCD

park (noun)

koen

123

EF

on the pavement

(verb) chushajo

GHI

pavilion

hodo de

124

English Japanese

koko ni chusha shite mo i desu ka?

can I park here?

tenjikan shiharaimasu okanjo o

JKLMNOPQ RSTUVW XYZ [\

chushajo bubun

pay (verb)

can I pay, please?

parking lot part (noun)

its already paid for

onegai shimasu

mo

partner (boyfriend, girlfriend etc)

]^_`a bcdef
party (group)

patona

haratte arimasu

(in business) kyodo-keiei-sha

dialogue
whos paying? dare ga haraimasu ka? Ill pay watashi ga haraimasu no, you paid last time, Ill pay ie, konomae haratte

gh

dantai

ABCDEFGHIJKLPa

(celebration) pati
passenger

ijklm no
passport

jokyaku

pqrst uvw

pasupoto mae ni

moraimashita, watashi ga haraimasu

payment

past*: in the past

just past the information office annaijo o koete sugu

shiharai koshudenwa

xyz{|}~
path

payphone peaceful peach

komichi moyo hodo

!"#$%& '(
momo pinattsu

shizuka (na)

pattern

pavement

peanuts

)*+,-

pear

./ 01

nashi shinju kawatta odanhodo

n
too many people

English Japanese

pearl

osugi

hito ga

opqrst uvwx

peculiar (strange)

2345 6789
tengoku

pepper (spice) per: per night

kosho

pedestrian crossing pedestrian zone

hito-ban ni

hokoshasentaku-

tsui

yz{|}
how much per day?

:;<=>
peg (for washing)

ichinichi ikura desu ka?

per cent perfect

~
kosui tabun tabun chigau
perfume perhaps

?@ABCDE
(for tent) pegu

basami

pasento

FG
pen

kampeki (na)

HI

pen empitsu pemparu

ABCDEFGHIJKLPe

pencil

JKLM NOPQ

penfriend penicillin penknife

perhaps not

desho

RSTUV

penishirin

kikan (menstruation) seiri

period (of time)

WXYZ[\]
nenkin-seikatsusha

poketto-naifu

pensioner

^_`ab
people

permit (noun) person

kyoka

cd

hito

hito uokuman

the other people in the hotel

personal stereo petrol

hoteru no hoka no tomarikyaku

gasorin

efghijklm

125

petrol can

sutando

sekiyukan gasorin-

abc
pickpocket

126

English Japanese

petrol station

de

suri

pharmacy

pick up: will you be there to pick me up? soko made mukae ni

!"#$%
Philippines

yakkyoku, kusuri-ya Firipin denwa

kite kuremasen ka?

fghijklmn opqrstuv wxyz{ |

(photo) shashin piknikku e

&'()* +,

picnic (noun)

phone (noun)

picture (painting)

(verb) denwa shimasu

-./01
phone book

234

denwacho

}~
piece

phone box

5678

koshudenwa terefon-kado denwabango

piru

hitotsu hito-kire no

a piece of ... pill

imasu
Im on the pill

ABCDEFGHIJKLPe

phonecard

9:;<=>? @ABC DE
shashin

phone number photo

piru o nonde

pillow

excuse me, could you take a photo of us? chotto

makura makura-kaba

pillow case pin (noun)

sumimasen, shashin totte kuremasen ka?

pin pachinko

FGHIJKLM NOPQRSTUV WXYZ[

kaiwa-hyogen-

pinball pine

matsu

phrasebook

shu

\]^_`
piano

pineapple

piano

painappuru

pink

paipu (for water) suidokan

pinku-iro (no)

plate

Z[

sara puratto-homu

English Japanese

pipe (for smoking)

platform

\]^_`ab

which platform is it for Nara?

pity: its a pity

Nara-iki wa dono purattohomu desu ka?

zannen desu

pizza

piza tokoro anata no

cdefghij klmnopqr st
play (verb: sports, game)

place (noun)

!"#

uvw

shimasu

(musical instrument) hikimasu

at your place

xyz{ |}~
playground pleasant

tokoro de

$%&'()*+
at his place

(music) kakemasu (noun: in theatre) shibai

kare no tokoro

de

ABCDEFGHIJKLPl

,-./01 23456 789

by plane

plain (not patterned) plane

muji (no)

asobiba

hikoki

(go ahead) dozo

kimochi no i onegai

:;<=
plant

hikoki de

please (requesting)

shimasu

>?

shokubutsu bansoko

shimasu

plasters plastic

@ABCDE FGHIJKL
purastikku (credit cards) kurejitto-kado

yes, please

hai, onegai

could you please ...?

-te

MNOPQRST
plastic bag

UVWXY

biniru-bukuro

please dont

kuremasen ka?

doka yamete

127

kudasai

pleased: pleased to meet you

point: two point five

ni-ten-

128

English Japanese

9 .;
theres no point

go

hajimemashite

pleasure: my pleasure

<=>?
poisonous police

muda desu

do

@ABCD EF
keisatsu

yudoku (na)

itashimashite

takusan no

plenty: plenty of ...

theres plenty of time

call the police! keisatsu o yonde kudasai!

thats plenty, thanks

wa jubun arimasu

jikan

GHIJKLMN OP QR
keikan

policeman

kekko desu, domo

mo

police station

!" #$
puragu (in sink) sen

STU VW

keisatsu-sho fukei

ABCDEFGHIJKLPl

policewoman polish (noun) polite

plug (electrical, for car)

XYZ[

tsuyadashi

\]^_`ab cdef ghi

yogoreta puru

teinei (na)

plum (Western)

%&' ()

sumomo

polluted

(Japanese) ume
plumber pm

pool (for swimming) poor (not rich)

*+, -.
gogo

suido-ya

jklmnop
(quality) somatsu (na)

bimbo (na)

qrstuv
otoshi-tamago
pop music

poached egg pocket

/01234 5678
poketto

wxyz {|

poppsu kashu

pop singer

popular pork

}~
butaniku

ninki no aru

<=>?
postcode poster

English Japanese

@ABC DEFG

yubimbango

posuta

port (for boats)

minato

poste restante

(drink) poto-wain
porter (in hotel)

boi
portrait

kyoku-dome-yubin

HIJKL
post office

shozoga shareta

MNO

yubinkyoku

potato chips (US: crisps)

posh (restaurant)

PQRSTU
pottery (objects)

poteto-chippu

(people) johin (na)

possible

VW

toki

kano (na)

pound (money)

XYZ

pondo

(weight) paundo

ABCDEFGHIJKLPr

is it possible to ...?

[\]^
power cut

-koto ga dekimasu ka?

!"
as ... as possible

_`

teiden konsento

power point

dekiru-

abcde

!"#$%&
post (noun: mail)

dake

'(

yubin

practise: I want to practise my Japanese Nihon-go o

(verb) yuso shimasu

)*+,-

fghijklmn op
prawns

renshu shitai desu ebi

could you post this for me?

kore o tokan shite kuremasen ka?

qr

prefer: I prefer ...

no ho ga

./0123456 789:;
postcard

stuvwxyz{
pregnant

suki desu

ehagaki

|}~

ninshin-chu (no)

129

prescription (for medicine)

no problem! product

shohosen

purezento daitoryo

#$%& '( )*

daijobu!

130

English Japanese

seihin

present (gift)

program(me) (TV, radio)

president (of country)

bangumi

(of company) shacho

pretty

(theatre, computer) puroguramu

+,-./
shimasu kanari

its pretty expensive

kirei (na)

promise: I promise

yakusoku

01234
do

price

takai desu

pronounce: how is this pronounced? kore wa

nedan obo-san

hatsuon shimasu ka?

priest

56789:;<= >?@ ABCD EFGHI

properly (repaired, locked etc)

ABCDEFGHIJKLPr

(Shinto) kannushi-san
prime minister printed matter prison

chanto

soridaijin insatsubutsu

protection factor Protestant

fakuta

JKLMNOP QR ST
sento saijitsu

purotesutanto

keimusho shi-teki (na) senyo no

public baths

private

basu-toire

public holiday public toilets pull

private bathroom

probably problem

UVWX YZ[\ ]^_

koshubenjo

hikimasu panku

!"

osoraku

puncture (noun) puppet

mondai

ningyo

`a
puppet show

quarantine

bcd ef

ningyo-geki

keneki yom-bun no

English Japanese

quarter (amount)

puppet theatre (Japanese traditional) bunraku purple

ichi

(time) ju-go-fun
quayside: on the quayside

ghijklm nop
saifu (US: handbag) handobaggu

murasaki (no)

purse (for money)

hatoba de
question

!" #$ %&
desu shitsumon gyoretsu
queue (noun) quick

qrstuv
push

wxyz {|}
okimasu

oshimasu kuruma-isu

pushchair put

hayai hayakatta

~
where can I put ...?

that was quick

ABCDEFGHIJKLQu

o doko ni okimasho ka?

'()*+,
nani ga ichiban hayai desu ka?
whats the quickest way there? soko ni iku niwa

could you put us up for the night? komban tomete

pyjamas

itadakemasen desho ka? pajama

-./01234 56789:;<= >?

fancy a quick drink?

ippai

yatte ikimasen ka? hayaku

@ABCDEF GHIJK LM
quiet!

quickly

Q
quality

quiet (place, hotel)

NOPQRS TUVWX
shizuka ni!

shizuka (na)

hinshitsu

131

quite (fairly)

YZ[ \]^

kanari

in the rain

132

English Japanese

(very) totemo
thats quite right

its raining

ame no naka de ame ga futte tsuyu

_`abcdefg hi
quite a lot

sono tori desu

mattaku

rainy season

imasu

jklmnop

kanari takusan

raincoat

(steak) reya

reinkoto

rape (noun)

fujoboko mezurashi

R
race (for horses)

rare (uncommon)

qr

keiba

(for cars, runners) resu

stu

rash (on skin)

!"#$% &'(
nezumi

fukidemono

ABCDEFGHIJKLQu

racket (tennis, squash)

vwxy

raketto

raspberry rat

razuberi

radiator (of car)

z{|}~
(in room) damboki

rajieta

radio

rate (for changing money)

ryogae-reto

rajio rajio de

)*+,nakanaka i desu
Id rather ...

rather: its rather good

on the radio rail: by rail

rail pass railway

tetsudo de

./012345 6789:;<=
raw

ho ga i desu

teikiken

tetsudo ame

>?@AB
raw fish

nama (no)

CDE
razor

sashimi

rain (noun)

kamisori

FGHI
(electric) denki-kamisori

rear lights

English Japanese

JKLMNO
read

(polite interest) honto desu ka?

receipt

PQRS

yomimasu yoi ga dekita mo i desu

teru-rampu

ready

TUVWXY
are you ready?

reasonable (prices etc)

tegoro

(na)

Im not ready yet mada yoi ga dekite imasen

Z[\]^_`a

ka?

reshito saikin

recently

bcdefghij klm

reception (in hotel)

at reception

furonto

(for guests) kangeikai

dialogue
when will it be ready?

itsu

uketsuke de

ABCDEFGHIJKLRe

dekimasu ka?
it should be ready in a couple of days ni-san-nichi-chu ni

reception desk receptionist

uketsuke

dekimasu
real

uketsuke-gakari

(in hotel) furonto-gakari

nopqr
honto ni
Im really sorry

hommono (no)

recognize

really

stuvwxy
sumimasen

ki ga tsukimasu

honto ni

recommend: could you recommend ...? osusume

z{|}~
thats really great

no o oshiete kuremasen ka?

really? (doubt)

sore wa honto ni sugoi desu honto?

!"#$ !"
akai rekodo

record (music) red

133

red wine

#$%& '()*

aka-wain harai-modoshi

rented car

jklmn opqrs

renta-ka shuri shimasu shuri

134

English Japanese

refund (noun)

repair (verb)

can I have a refund? okane o haraimodoshite kure-masen ka?

can you repair it?

dekimasu ka?
repeat

+,-./012 3456789 :;
chiho

tuvwxyz{ |}~
kurikaeshimasu
could you repeat that?

region

registered: by registered mail

kakitome-yubin de

<=>? @ABC

representative (noun: of company) daihyo

mo ichido itte kuremasen ka?

registration number

torokubango
religion

reservation

DE

shukyo

yoyaku

ABCDEFGHIJKLRe

Id like to make a reservation

remember: I dont remember

yoyaku o shitai no desu ga

oboete imasen
I remember

FGHIJKLM NOPQRST
do you remember?

dialogue
I have a reservation

oboete imasu oboete yoyaku o shite arimasu

yes sir, what name please?

UVWXYZ[\]
rent (noun: for apartment)

imasu ka?

^_

yachin

(verb: car etc) karimasu

`abc
to rent

kashikomarimashita, dochira-sama desu ka?

reserve (verb)

defg hi

rentaru (no) ryokin

yoyaku

shimasu

rental (for car, boat etc)

dialogue
can I reserve a table for tonight? teburu o

return: a return to ...

English Japanese

komban yoyaku dekimasu ka?

yes madam, for how many people? hai,

made no ofuku-kippu o ichi-mai

!"#$

return ticket

ofuku-kippu

uketamawarimasu, nammei-sama desu ka? for two futari desu and for what time? ojikan wa? for eight oclock hachiji ni onegai shimasu
and could I have your name please? onamae

reverse charge call

korekuto-koru
reverse gear revolting rib

%&'()*+ ,-./0
abarabone bakku-giya fuyukai (na)

1234567 89:;< =>

kome (boiled) gohan

itadakemasu ka?
rest: I need a rest

ABCDEFGHIJKLRi

rice (uncooked)

hitoyasumi

sasete kudasai

the rest of the group

?@A

(fried) chahan
rich (person)

hoka

BCDEF GHIJKL MNOPQR

ridiculous

restaurant

no hitotachi

kanemochi (no)

toire

restoran shokudosha

(food) kotteri shita

restaurant car rest room

STUV WXY

bakageta tadashi

right (correct)

retired: Im retired

watashi wa teinen-taishoku shimashita

(not left) migi (no)

Z[\]

you were right

anata no iu

135

tori deshita
thats right

^_`abcdef gV ijkl
so desu
this cant be right

ripe (fruit)

jukushita hogai na

136

English Japanese

rip-off: its a rip-off!

nedan desu!

rip-off prices

konna

hogai na

mnopqrst uv
right here

hazu wa nai desu

nedan
risky river

kiken (na) kawa michi

wxyz{|}

chodo koko de

is this the right road for ...?

e iku niwa kono michi de i desu ka?

on the right

road

~
migi ni migi e

is this the road for ...?

!"#$
down the road

kore wa e iku michi desu ka?

ABCDEFGHIJKLRi

to the right turn right

%&'(
road map roadsign

konosaki

migi e magatte

right-hand drive

kudasai

)*+, -./0

dorochizu

doro-hyoshiki goto ni

migi-

rob: Ive been robbed

ring (on finger)

handoru (no)

osowaremashita

yubiwa

1234567 89: ;
iwa (music) rokku

rock

Ill ring you

atode denwa

shimasu

orikaeshi denwa

<=>

ring back

shimasu

on the rocks (whisky) on-za-rokku de

?@ABCD

roll (bread)

EFGHI JK
(of car) rufu

rorupan yane

}~
rubber (material)

English Japanese

roof (of house)

gomu

LMN
room

(eraser) keshigomu

rubber band

OP
de

heya watashi no heya rumu-sabisu

wagomu gomi

in my room

rubbish (waste)

QRSTU
room service rope

(poor quality goods) garakuta

VWXYZ[\ ]^_ `a
ropu roze

rubbish! (nonsense) bakabakashi! rucksack

iseki ramu-shu ramu-shu shitsurei (na) ryukku-sakku

ros (wine)

roughly (approximately)

bcde

daitai

ABCDEFGHIJKLRu

rude

round: its my round

watashi

ruins rum

fghij
round-trip ticket

no ban desu

ofuku-kippu

klmn

rum and Coke

no kora-wari

a round-trip ticket to ...

made no ofuku-kippu o ichi-mai

!"#$
hashirimasu

run (verb: person)

opqrstuv wxy
route

Ive run out of money okane ga soko o tsukimashita

z{|

ikikata

%&'()*+ ,-. /012345

rasshu-awa

whats the best route?

dore ga ichiban i ikikata desu ka?

rush hour

137

S
sad

{|
the same as this

138

English Japanese

kore to

6789 :;<
sadoru anzen (na) anzen-pin safubodo

kanashi

onaji no

}~ E
its all the same to me

saddle (for bike) safe (adj)

the same again, please onaji no o mo hitotsu kudasai

=>?@A BCDE

safety pin

dotchi demo onaji desu

sand

suna sandaru
sandals

sailboard (noun) sailboarding

FGHIJK

LMNOPQRS TU VWXYZ [\]^ _`ab cde

sarada tokkuri sakazuki seringu

uindosafingu

(wooden) geta
sandwich

sailing

sake bottle sake cup salad

seiri-yo napukin

sandoitchi

ABCDEFGHIJKLSa

sanitary napkins/towels

sash

obi Doyobi

salad dressing sale: for sale salesman salmon

fghijk lmnop
sake

doresshingu

Saturday sauce

uridashi-chu

sosu katatenabe

qrstuv wx yz
shio

serusuman

saucepan saucer sauna

!"# !"#
sauna

ukezara

salt

same: the same

onaji

sausage

soseji

$%&'(
say (verb)

)*+,

imasu

pqr
scooter scotch

English Japanese

stuvw

sukuta

how do you say ... in Japanese? Nihon-go

-./01234 56789:
kare wa nan te imashita ka?
what did he say? she said ...

o nan te imasu ka?

de

xyz{|}~
serotepu Sukottorando Sukottorando

Sukotchi-uisuki

Scotch tape Scotland

;<=>?@ABC DE FGHIJKL MNO

could you say that again?

Scottish (adj)

(no)

imashita

kanojo wa to

Im Scottish watashi wa Sukottorando-jin desu

mo ichido itte kuremasen ka?

umi umibe de iri-tamago byobu

ABCDEFGHIJKLSe

scrambled eggs

PQRSTUVW XYZ[\]^
scarf

screen (Japanese) scroll (hanging)

_`ab cde fg
keshiki yotei

sukafu

kakejiku

scenery

(rolled) makimono
sea

schedule

(US: timetable) jikokuhyo

hij klm no
school

by the sea

seafood

scheduled flight

teikibin

gakko

shifudo

seafront kaigan-zoi on the seafront kaigan-zoi

scissors: a pair of scissors

hasami

ni

139

seal: personal seal

hanko

cde
second-hand second floor

140

English Japanese

search (verb)

yoimashita

sagashimasu fune ni

fghij kl mn op
(US) ni-kai

chuko (no)

san-kai

seasick: I feel seasick

!"#$%&'
I get seasick

funayoi suru

secretary see

hisho

tachi desu

()*+,-./0
kaigan de

seaside: by the seaside

qrs

mimasu mite mo i desu o

123
seat

can I see?

ka?

seki

tuvwxyz{|
have you seen ...?

is this seat taken?

56789:;< =>?@AB
seat belt

kono seki wa fusagatte imasu ka? shito-beruto kaiso

mimashita ka?

}~
I saw him this morning

kesa

ABCDEFGHIJKLSe

CDEFGH IJ

see you!

kare ni aimashita ja, mata!

seaweed secluded

I see (I understand) naruhodo

KLMNOP QRSTUV
(of time) byo

hempi (na) ni-bamme (no)

urimasu

second (adj)

self-service sell

do you sell ...?

serufu-sabisu

just a second!

XYZ[\]^_` ab
second class (train etc)

chotto matte kudasai!

wa

arimasu ka?
Sellotape send

serotepu okurimasu

futsuseki


I want to send this to England

sew

IJKL

nuimasu

English Japanese

kore o Igirisu ni okuritai no desu ga

could you sew this back on?

separate

kore o nuitsukete kuremasen ka?

betsubetsu (no)

MNOPQRST UVWXYZ[
sex

separated: Im separated

watashi wa bekkyo-chu desu

\]^_

sekkusu

sexy

separately (pay, travel)

`abcdef
hikage

sekushi (na)

shade: in the shade

ni

September

betsubetsu ni

ghij kl
asai

shallow (water)

Kugatsu judai (na)

serious (problem)

!"#$%
(illness) omoi

shame: what a shame! (its a pity) zannen!

ABCDEFGHIJKLSh

mno

&'(

shampoo (noun)

pqrst
setto

shampu shampu to

(person) majime (na)

)*+,-. /0123
service station

shampoo and set

service charge (in restaurant)

sabisu-ryo

uvwxyz{|}
share (verb: room)

aibeya ni

narimasu

~
(table) aiseki shimasu

gasorin-sutando
serviette

456789:; <=>? @A
napukin teishoku
set menu several

sharp (knife)

(pain) surudoi

yoku kireru

shaver

BCDEFGH

ikutsuka (no)

denki-kamisori

141

shaving foam

denki-kamisori-yo konsento

shebingu-fomu

142

English Japanese

I got an electric shock from the ... de kanden

shimashita
shocking shoe

shaving point

-./01234 567 89
hidoi kutsu kutsu issoku

she*

kanojo kanojo wa shitsu

a pair of shoes

:;<=
shoelaces

is she here?

imasu ka?

tana kai

>?@A BCDE
mise

kutsuhimo kutsuzumi kutsunaoshi

shoe polish

sheet (for bed) shelf

shoe repairer shop

FGHIJ K

ABCDEFGHIJKLSh

shellfish sherry

shopping: Im going shopping

sheri

kaimono ni ikimasu
shopping centre

Shinto (adj) Shintoism

fune

Shinto (no)

LMNOPQR
shoppingu-senta
shop window shore (of sea)

Shinto

STUVWXYZ [\ ]^_`abcd ef gh
umibe (of lake) kishibe
short (person)

ship

shouindo

by ship

!"
shirt shit!

fune de

#$% &'(

shatsu

kuso! shokku

ijkl mnop

se no hikui

shock (noun)

)*+,

(time, journey) mijikai

shortcut

qr

chikamichi

shower (in bathroom)

!"#$ %&'(
with shower

shawa

English Japanese

shorts

stu

pantsu do

(of rain) niwaka-ame shawa-tsuki

should: what should I do?

shitara i desho?
you should ...

vwxyz{| }~

(no)

)*+,-./01 2345678 9:
jinja shimemasu bodi-sopu

shower gel shrine

-ta ho ga i

desu

you shouldnt ...

ga i desu

-nai ho

shut (verb)

;<=>

he should be back soon

when do you shut? koko wa nanji ni shimarimasu ka?

kare wa sugu modotte kuru hazu desu

?@ABCDE FGHIJK
when does it shut?

itsu

ABCDEFGHIJKLSi

kata

shimarimasu ka?
theyre shut

LMNOPQRST UVWXYZ[ \]^_`ab cde

shut up!

shimatte imasu

shoulder

shout (verb)

sakebimasu sho misete

Ive shut myself out kagi o naka ni wasuremashita

show (in theatre)

could you show me?

fghi

damare! shatta

kuremasen ka?

shutter (on camera)

jklmn opq

(on window) amado

sick (ill)

(direction) oshiete kuremasen ka?

rstuv

byoki (no)

Im going to be sick (vomit)

143

hakiso desu
side

wxyz{| }~
yoko
the other side of the street

similar

onaji yo (na) kantan (na) senshu

144

English Japanese

simple (easy)

since I got here

since: since last week

tori no mukogawa
side street

wakimichi
sidewalk

kara

koko ni kite

hodo hodo de no

irai
sing

kashu utaimasu Shingaporu

on the sidewalk

meisho

Singapore singer

sight: the sights of ...

!"#$%& '(

sightseeing: were going sightseeing kanko ni

single: a single to ...

dekakeru tsumori desu

kamban

made katamichi-kippu o ichi-mai

ABCDEFGHIJKLSi

sightseeing tour sign

kankoryoko

)*+,-./01 2 345678

Im single watashi wa dokushin desu single bed

(roadsign) hyoshiki
signature silk

9:;<=>? @ABC DEFG HIJ K

shinguru

shinguru-beddo

single room

shomei

single ticket

kinu baka (na)

katamichi-kippu
sink (in kitchen)

silly

gin

nagashi ane

silver (noun)

sister (elder: ones own)

(someone elses) one-san

LMNO P

skinny skirt sky

(younger: ones own) imoto (someone elses) imoto-san

sora

yaseta

English Japanese

kosobiru nemurimasu

sukato

QRS

sister-in-law (elder: ones own)

skyscraper

TUVW
(someone elses) giri no one-san

giri no ane

sleep (verb)

XYZ[\]^ _`ab

did you sleep well? yoku nemuremashita ka? sleeper (on train)

(younger: ones own) giri no imoto (someone elses) giri no imoto-san

shindaisha nebukuro

cdefgh

sleeping bag sleeping car

ABCDEFGHIJKLSl

sit: can I sit here?

ijklmnopq rstu
is anyone sitting here? koko ni wa dare ka suwatte imasu ka?

koko ni suwatte mo i desu ka?

shindaisha suiminyaku

sleeping pill sleeve

sode suraido

vwxyz{|}~
sit down

slide (photographic)

!"#$
osoi

slippers slippery slow

surippa suberiyasui

sit down

suwarimasu osuwari kudasai

size

%&'()* +,slow down!

hifu

saizu

motto

skin

yukkuri!

./012345
145

slowly

6789
very slowly

yukkuri unto yukkuri

so: its so good

146

English Japanese

:;<=>?@
small

its so expensive

totemo i desu totemo

ABCD EFGHIJ
nioimasu ne

chisai

takai desu

so am I so do I so-so

smell: it smells (smells bad)

not so much sonna ni takusan ja naku

smile (verb)

KLMNOP QRS

hohoemimasu kemuri

smoke (noun)

not so bad sonna ni waruku nai

do you mind if I smoke?

tabako o sutte mo i desu ka?

mama desu

watashi mo so desu

TUVWXYZ[ \]^_`a
I dont smoke

watashi mo so desu

ABCDEFGHIJKLSl

tabako wa

bcdefghij
do you smoke?

suimasen

soaking solution (for contact lenses) hozoneki

tabako o

klmnopqr st
snack: just a snack

suimasu ka?

soap

sekken kona-sekken

soap powder sober sock

chotto

sokkusu

oyatsu

uvwxyz{
kushami o

sofa soketto

shirafu (no)

sneeze (noun)

shimasu
snow

|}~
yuki yuki ga futte
its snowing

socket (electrical) soda (water) sofa

!"#

soda-sui

imasu

$%&'
soft (material etc) soft-boiled egg

sometimes

!"#$% &'()*

yawarakai

|}~

tokidoki doko ka musuko

English Japanese

somewhere

hanjuku-tamago
soft drink

son (ones own)

+,-./01

sofuto-dorinku sofuto-kontakuto kutsu no soko

(someone elses) musuko-san

song

soft lenses

23456789 :;<= >?@

(of foot) ashi no ura

uta giri no

sole (of shoe)

son-in-law (ones own)

musuko

sugu

could you put new soles on these? kutsu no soko o

(someone elses) giri no musuko-san

soon

ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQ
some: can I have some water/apples? mizu/ringo

harikaete kuremasen ka?

ABCDEFGHIJKLSo

Ill be back soon sugu modotte kimasu as soon as possible

narubeku hayaku

RSTUVWXYZ [\]^_`a
can I have some?

o sukoshi moraemasu ka?

sore: its sore sore throat

bcdefgh ijklmno
somebody, someone

sukoshi moratte mo i desu ka? dare ka

itai desu

nodo no itami nodo

pqr st

Ive got a sore throat

ga itai desu nani ka nani ka

something

sumimasen

sorry: (Im) sorry

domo nante

something to eat

uvwxyz{

taberu mono

sorry? (didnt understand)

147

imashita ka? yona ?

soup

sort: what sort of ...?

Spanish (adj) spare tyre

HIJKLMN OPQRST

Supein (no)

148

English Japanese

dono

yobi no taiya

supu suppai

speak: do you speak English?

Eigo o hanasemasu ka?

I dont speak ...

UVWXYZ[\]
wa

sour (taste) south

in the south

minami minami ni

^_`abcd
dialogue
can I speak to Yoko?

hanasemasen

South Africa

Minami-Afurika

!"#$%

Yoko-san wa irasshaimasu ka?

whos calling?

South African (adj)

Minami-Afurika (no)
Im South African

&'()*+,./012345 67
watashi wa Minami-Afurika-jin desu nanto

dochira-sama desu ka? its Patricia Patricia desu

Im sorry, Yokos not in, can I take a message?

ABCDEFGHIJKLSo

southeast

89 :; <=

moshiwake arimasen ga, Yoko wa ima rusu ni shite orimasu, nani ka dengon wa arimasu ka?
no thanks, Ill call back later ie, kekko desu,

South Korea southwest souvenir

Kankoku

nansei

atode kakenaoshimasu
please tell her Patricia called kanojo ni Patricia

>?@A BC

omiyage tonyu

soya milk Spain

kara denwa ga atta to otsutae kudasai

spectacles

DEFG

Supein

efg

megane

speed limit spend

hijk
kumo

sokudoseigen

kitte o kudasai
what are you sending?

English Japanese

lmnopqrs tu
dassuiki

okane o tsukaimasu

spider

nani o yuso saremasu ka? this postcard kono hagaki desu

standby star

spin-dryer

vwx

spoon sport

yz{| }~
spotsu

spun

hoshi (in film) suta

kyanseru-machi

sprain: Ive sprained my ...

start (noun)

spring (season)

o kujiite shimaimashita

sutato

(verb) hajimemasu
when does it start?

haru

itsu

hajimarimasu ka?

ABCDEFGHIJKLSt

(of car, seat) spuringu

in the spring

!"#$%&'() *+,./0 12
shidoki (food) zensai

stairs stale

haru ni hiroba

the car wont start kuruma no enjin ga kakarimasen

square (in town)

starter (of car)

kaidan

furui kitte

station

stamp (noun)

3 4

eki zo

statue

dialogue
a stamp for England, please Igirisu made

stay: where are you staying?

doko ni tomatte imasu ka? no

56789:;< =>?@

149

Im staying at ...

ni

keep still!

150

English Japanese

tomatte imasu

ABCDEFGHI
Id like to stay another two nights mo ni-haku shitai to

ugokanaide

kudasai!

hachi

JKLMNOPQR STUV
steak steal

omoimasu steki

sting: Ive been stung

ni sasaremashita
stockings stomach

onaka fukutsu stokkingu

WXYZ [\]^
nusumimasu
my bag has been stolen

stomach ache stone (rock) stop (verb)

baggu o nusumaremashita

_`abcde fgh
steep (hill)

ishi

ijkl mno

kewashi

tomarimasu

ABCDEFGHIJKLSt

step: on the steps sterling

kaidan de

please, stop here (to taxi driver etc) koko de tomete kudasai

pqrstuv wxyz{|

Igirisu-pondo

steward (on plane) stewardess

schuwado

stop it!

}~

schuwadesu mada koko

do you stop near ...? no chikaku de tomarimasu ka?

still: Im still here

ni imasu

is he still there?

!"#$%&
stopover

yamete kudasai! keiyu

(on the phone) hai, moshi-moshi

'(

storm

!"#

arashi storeto massugu

kare wa mada soko ni imasu ka?

straight (whisky)

$%&'(

its straight ahead

itta tokoro desu

)*+,-./01 234
straightaway

shimaimashita

English Japanese

lmnopqr stu vw
gakusei baka (na) kogai

567

sugu ni hen (na)

student stupid

strange (odd) stranger

89:;<

xyz{| }~

=>?@AB
Im a stranger here

shiranai hito koko wa

suburb

subway (US: railway)

hajimete desu
strap (on watch)

CDEFGHIJ KLM
bando (on dress, suitcase) storappu

chikatetsu

suddenly suede sugar

totsuzen ni

NOPQR
strawberry

sato

suedo

STU VWX Y

ichigo

ABCDEFGHIJKLSu

straw mat stream street

tatami

suit (noun)

sutsu

kawa

Z[

tori tori de

it doesnt suit me (jacket etc) watashi niwa niaimasen it suits you suitcase

natsu natsu ni sumo
in the summer

yoku niaimasu

on the street

\]^
streetmap string

_`ab cd
himo tsuyoi

dorochizu

sutsukesu

summer

strong stuck

efg
its stuck

sun

sumo wrestling

hijk

tsukaeta tsukaete

taiyo

151

in the sun

!"#$ %&'(
sunbathe

hinata de hikage de

super

ghi

sugoi supa

152

English Japanese

out of the sun

supermarket supper

)*+

nikkoyoku

jklm no

yushoku

sunblock (cream)

supplement (extra charge)

hiyake-dome
sunburn

,-./0 123
hiyake hiyake shita

tsuikaryokin

pqrs tuvw

supply (noun)

takuwae

sunburnt Sunday

45678 9:;

(verb) chotatsu shimasu

Nichiyobi sangurasu harete imasu

xyz{|
desu ka?
sure!

sure: are you sure?

tashika

sunglasses

<=>?@

}~
mochiron! sarubin

ABCDEFGHIJKLSu

sunny: its sunny sunset

ABCDEF GH
nichibotsu hiyoke

surface mail

surname sweater

myoji

sunshade sunshine

IJK LM

nikko nisshabyo

seta

sweatshirt Sweden

sunstroke suntan

NOP QRS

torena

hiyake santan-roshon

Sueden

Swedish (adj)

suntan lotion suntanned suntan oil

TUVWXYZ[\ ]^_`a bcdef

hi ni yaketa san-oiru

amai kyandi hare

Sueden (no)

sweet (adj: taste) sweets

swelling


swim (verb)

seki oyogimasu oyogi ni

English Japanese

STUVW

tablecloth

teburutakkyu

Im going for a swim

kurosu

ikimasu

!"#$%&'
lets go for a swim

XYZ[\]^ _`
teburu-wain

table tennis table wine tailor

ikimasho

oyogi ni

()*+,-./0 12
mizugi puru mizugi

abcdefg hijk lm
shinshifuku-ten

swimming costume swimming pool

345 67

Taiwan Taiwan take (verb: lead a person)

swimming trunks switch (noun)

tsurete

ikimasu suitchi

89:; <=>?
tomemasu

nopqrst
(object) motte ikimasu

switch off (engine)

uvwxyz{
(accept) torimasu

ABCDEFGHIJKLTa

|}~
kakemasu

(TV, lights) keshimasu

@ABC DEFG HIJK

swollen

can you take me to the ...?

switch on (engine)

made tsurete itte kuremasen ka?

(TV, lights) tsukemasu

do you take credit cards?

LMN

hareta

kurejitto-kado wa tsukaemasu ka?

T
table

fine, Ill take it

ja, sore ni

OPQR
a table for two

teburu

shimasu

can I take this? (leaflet etc)

futari-bun no

kore o moratte mo i

153

desu ka?

how long does it take?

tan (noun)

JKL

hiyake hiyake shimasu

154

English Japanese

to get a tan tap

it takes three hours

jikan wa dono kurai kakarimasu ka?

MNOPQR STU VWX Y

jaguchi tepu
tape (cassette) taste (noun)

san-jikan

aji ajimi shite mo

kakarimasu

is this seat taken?

can I taste it?

hamburger to take away

kono seki wa fusagatte imasu ka?

i desu ka?
taxi

Z[\]^_`ab cd efgh
will you get me a taxi?

takushi

hambaga o teikuauto de

!"#$%&'() *+,- !
can you take a little off here? (to hairdresser) koko o mo

takushi o yonde kuremasen ka?

ABCDEFGHIJKLTa

ijklmnopq rstuvw
where can I find a taxi?

"#$%&'()*+ ,-./0123
talcum powder

sukoshi kitte kuremasen ka?

de takushi o tsukamaeraremasu ka?

doko

tarukam-pauda
talk (verb)

456789:; <=>? @ABC DE

hanashimasu se ga takai
tall (person)

xyz{|}~

dialogue
to the airport/to the ... Hotel, please kuko/

(building) takai
tampons

FGHI

tampon

hoteru made, onegai shimasu how much will it be? ikura kurai kakarimasu ka?

about 2,500 yen

daitai nisen-go-hyaku-en desu

telephone

English Japanese

thats fine right here, thanks sumimasen, koko

!"

denwa

de oroshite kudasai
taxi-driver

see phone television terebi

takushi no

!"#

tell: could you tell him ...?

untenshu
taxi rank

kocha ocha
green tea

takushi-noriba

kare ni to tsutaete kuremasen ka?

$%&'()*+, -./01 23 45 67
kion (fever) netsu

tea (drink)

temperature (weather)

kocha o hitotsu/futatsu kudasai

tea for one/two please

temple (Buddhist) tent

otera

oshiete kuremasen ka? tibaggu

89: ;< =>

tento gakki

ABCDEFGHIJKLTh

teabags

term (at university, school) terminus (rail) terrible

teach: could you teach me?

shuten

teacher

sensei kissa-ten

?@A

hidoi ketai meru

text (message) terrific than

teahouse team

pqr
yorimo

chimu tisupun

BCDEF GHIJ
smaller than ...

subarashi

teaspoon tea towel teenager

fukin tineija

chisai

yorimo

KLMNOPQR
155

thank: thank you, thanks

arigato

thank you very much honto ni arigato gozaimasu

STUVW

thats nice is that ...?

ka?

suteki desu

156

English Japanese

sore wa desu sono tori

XYZ[\]^_` abcdef
thanks for the lift

thats it (thats right)

ghijklmn opq
no thanks

kurete arigato

nosete

desu
the*

sono gekijo karera no

rstuvwxy z{
dialogue

ie kekko desu

theatre

their(s)* (male)

(female) kanojotachi no

thanks arigato thats OK, dont mention it

them* (things)

ie, do itashimashite
that (nearby)

!"

sore

ABCDEFGHIJKLTh

(male) karera (o)

!"#$%

|} ~

sore

(female) kanojotachi (o)

&'()*+,

(further away) are (adj: nearby) sono (further away) ano

that one (nearby)

for them karera/kanojotachi no tame ni

-./01234 567
with them

sore

89:;<=> ?@AB
to them

karera/ kanojotachi to issho ni karera/kanojotachi

(further away) are

I hope that ...

-tara i desu

ni

CDEFGHIJ

ne

who? them dare desu ka? karera/kanojotachi desu

KLMNOPQ RSTUVWXYZ
then (at that time)

they* (things)

sorera

English Japanese

[\]

sono toki

(male) karera (female) kanojotachi

(after that) sore kara

^_`a
there

thick

bcd
up there

soko de muko ni

atsui

over there

efgh ijkl
is there ...?

(stupid) nibui

thief thigh

asoko ni ga arimasu

momo yaseta

dorobo

ka?

mnopqrst
are there ...?

thin (person)

ga arimasu

ka?

uvwxyz{|
there is ...

(object) usui

ABCDEFGHIJKLTh

}~
there are ...

ga arimasu ga arimasu

thing

mono watashi no

Thermos flask

my things

shibutsu
think

there you are (giving something) hai, dozo

!"#$
kangaemasu

(adj) kono

mahobin

I think so watashi wa so omoimasu I dont think so

these*

korera

%&'()*+,watashi wa so wa omoimasen

Id like these

kore ga ki ni

irimashita

./012345 678
Ill think about it sore ni tsuite wa kangaete

157

okimasu

9:;<=>?@A BCDEF
third party insurance

through

totte

158

English Japanese

does it go through ...? (train, bus) o torimasu ka?

daisansha-hoken

GHIJK
kawakimashita kore

throw (verb)

thirsty: Im thirsty

nodo ga

nagemasu sutemasu

LMNOPQRST
this

throw away thumb

UV WX YZ

oya-yubi rai-u

(adj) kono
this one

thunderstorm Thursday

kore watashi no

ken

Mokuyobi

this is my wife

ticket

tsuma desu

[\]^_
is this ...?

(for transport) kippu

ABCDEFGHIJKLTh

kore wa desu

ka?

`abcdefg hij
(adj) ano arera

dialogue
a return to Sendai Sendai made ofuku-kipp o ichi-mai coming back when? kaeri wa itsu desu ka? today/next Tuesday

those

kl

which ones? those

dore

desu ka? are desu

mnopqrstu vw xy z{
ito nodo torochi

thread (noun) throat

kyo/tsugi no Kayobi desu

that will be 13,000 yen

ichi-man-san-zen-en ni narimasu
ticket office

throat pastilles

|}~

kippu-uriba


tie (necktie)

Im tired tissues

its too tight

nekutai kitsui

>?@ABC DEFGH
tisshu

tsukaremashita

English Japanese

tight (clothes etc)

to: to Tokyo/London Tokyo/

tights

kitsusugimasu

Rondon e

jikan ima nanji
whats the time?

panti-sutokkingu

IJKLMNOP
to Japan/Britain

nippon/ yubin-

Igirisu e

QRSTUVWX
to the post office

time*

YZ[\
toast (bread) today toe

kyoku e

this time

desu ka?

]^_` abc
kyo

tosuto

!" #$ %& '(

konkai zenkai kondo san-kai

last time

defg hij

tsumasaki issho ni

ABCDEFGHIJKLTo

next time

together

three times timetable tin (can)

were together (in shop etc)

)*+ ,

jikokuhyo

issho desu
toilet

klmn opq
toire toire wa
where is the toilet?

kan kankiri

tin-opener

-./

tiny

0123456 789
chippu tsukareta

totemo chisai

rstuvwxy z{
I have to go to the toilet

doko desu ka?

tip (to waiter etc) tired

toire ni ikitai no desu ga

:;<=

|}~
159

toilet paper

Tokyo Bay Tokyo-wan

tomato kechappu

toiretto-pepa

01
toothbrush toothpaste

160

English Japanese

2345

haburashi

tomato

6789: ;<=>
at the top

hamigakiko no ue ni

top: on top of ...

tomato ketchup tomorrow

asa ashita

?@ABC
top floor

teppen ni

tomorrow morning

ashita no

DEF

saijokai

the day after tomorrow

topless torch total

GHIJK LMNO PQ
gokei

toppuresu

kaichudento

asatte
tongue

shita tonikku-uota

tour (noun)

tonic (water) tonight

komban sugimasu

RST

tsua no

ABCDEFGHIJKLTo

is there a tour of ...?

too (excessively)

(also) mo

UVWXYZ[\ ]^_`
tour guide tourist

tsua ga arimasu ka? gaido

abc def

ryokokyaku

too hot

"#$%&'
too much me too

atsu-sugimasu osugimasu

tourist information office

()*+, -.
tooth

kanko-annaijo

ghijk
towards ... towel

watashi mo

lmnop qrs
taoru machi

no ho e

ha haita

toothache

town

t
in town

dialogue
machi de
is this the train for Otaru?

English Japanese

uv

just out of town

machihazure
town centre

wxyz{ |}~
hankagai
toy

kore wa Otaru-iki no densha desu ka? I am not sure sa, chotto wakarimasen puratto-homu desu
trainers (shoes) train station no, you want that platform there ie, muko no

which track is it for Nara?

omocha

track (platform)

puratto-homu

()*+, eki

sunika

Nara-iki wa dono puratto-homu desu ka?

tracksuit

mihonichi dento-teki (na) suett(o)-sutsu
trade fair

tram

./01

romendensha honyaku shimasu

ABCDEFGHIJKLTr

translate

23456

could you translate that?

sore o yaku shite kuremasen ka?

traditional traffic

!" #$
kotsu jutai

789:;<=> ?@ABC
translation

DE

honyaku

traffic jam

translator

traffic lights train

shingo

FGH IJ

honyakusha gomi

trash (waste) trashcan travel

densha densha de

KLM

gomibako

by train

%&'

NOPQR

ryoko shimasu

were travelling around

161

achikochi ryoko shite imasu

kato

162

English Japanese

STUVWXYZ [\]
travel agents

yakkaigoto
Im having trouble with ...

trouble (noun)

^_`a

ryokogaisha

de komatte imasu
trousers true

travellers cheque

traberazu-chekku

zubon honto (no)

bcdefghij k
do you take travellers cheques? traberazu-chekku

!"#$ %&
toranku mizugi

wa tsukaemasu ka?

lmnopqrst uvwxyz{|} ~
ki sugoi obon

thats not true sore wa honto ja arimasen

tray

trunk (US: of car)

tree

trunks (swimming) try (verb)

ABCDEFGHIJKLTr

tremendous

'()*

tameshimasu ajimi shite

trendy

oshare (na)

can I try it? (food)

trim: just a trim, please (to hairdresser) kesaki o soroeru

+,-./0123 45
(at doing something) yatte mite mo i desu ka?

mo i desu ka?

teido ni onegai shimasu

kankoryoko
Id like to go on a trip to ...

trip (excursion)

6789:;<= >?@A BCDEF

shichaku shimasu

try on

o ryoko shite mitai desu

trolley (for luggage)

can I try it on? shichaku shite mo i desu ka?

nimotsu-yo

GHIJKLMNO PQ

T-shirt

RSTU VWX YZ[

maguro

ti-shatsu Kayobi

twice as much

ni-bai

English Japanese

Tuesday tuna

twin beds

tsuin

tsuin-beddo

twin room

tunnel

\]^_

tonneru

twist: Ive twisted my ankle

turn: turn left/right

ashikubi o kujiite shimaimashita

hidari/migi e magatte kudasai

`abcdefg hijk
turn off: where do I turn off?

type (noun)

shurui betsu no

another type of ...

doko de magarimasu ka?

lmnopqrs tu

shurui no
typhoon

(na) taifu

ABCDEFGHIJKLUm

can you turn the heating off?

dambo o kitte kuremasen ka?

typical (dish etc)

daihyo-teki

vwxyz{|} ~
turn on: can you turn the heating on? dambo o

tyre

taiya

tsukete kuremasen ka?

kenuki ni-kai terebi magarikado

U
ugly UK

turning (in road) TV

!"#$ %&'( )*
kasa kaiyo Igirisu

minikui

tweezers twice

ulcer

umbrella

163

uncle (ones own)

+,

oji

university

lm

daigaku

164

English Japanese

(someone elses) oji-san

-./0
unconscious

unleaded petrol

muen-gasorin muishiki (no) no shita

123456 789:;
(less than) ika ni

nopqrs
unlimited mileage

under (in position)

sokokyori-museigen
unlock

tuvwxyz {|}~
kagi o akemasu nihodoki shimasu rokuji
unpack

<=>
(no)

underdone (meat)

namayake

?@ABCDE
underground (railway)

until: until 6 oclock

m
until Saturday unusual up

made

FGH

chikatetsu pantsu

ue ni
up there

Doyobi made

underpants

IJK

mezurashi

ABCDEFGHIJKLUn

understand: I understand

wakarimasu

LMNOP
I dont understand

asoko ni

wakarimasen

QRSTUV
do you understand?

hes not up yet (not out of bed) kare wa mada nete imasu

wakarimasu ka?
unemployed

WXYZ[\] ^_`
(no)
unfashionable

shitsugyo-chu ryuko-okure Gasshukoku

whats up? (whats wrong?) do ka shimashita ka? upmarket

kokyu (na) i no choshi i no

abcdefgh
United States

upset stomach

ga yoku nai

ijk

I have an upset stomach

English Japanese

choshi ga yoku arimasen

upside down upstairs

V
vacancy: do you have any vacancies? (hotel) akibeya

ue saishin (no) sakasama

ga

arimas(u) ka?

up-to-date urgent us*

cdefghijk lm no
yasumi yasumi de
on vacation

!"#$% &'()*
with us for us

vacation

kinkyu (na)

+,-./0 1234

watashitachi (o) watashitachi to

pqr

vaccination

stuv wxyz

yobochusha sojiki

vacuum cleaner valid (ticket etc)

watashitachi no tame Gasshukoku

ni

56789:; <=>?@AB CDEFG

may I use ...?

{|}~

yuko (na)

ABCDEFGHIJKLVa

USA Amerika use (verb)

how long is it valid for?

tsukaimasu

yukokikan wa dono kurai des(u) ka?

HIJKLMNOP QRST
useful usual

o tsukatte mo i desu ka? yaku ni tatsu

valley

tani kicho (na)

valuable (adj)

UVWX

YZ[\]^
the usual (drink etc)

futsu (no)

can I leave my valuables here? kicho-hin o

_`ab

itsumono

koko ni azukeraremasu ka?

kachi

value (noun)

165

van

ban banira

(recorder) bideo-kamera

166

English Japanese

123456
view

vanilla

789 : ;

nagame mura su

a vanilla ice cream

village

banira-aisukurimu
vary: it varies

bai ni

vinegar visa

vase veal

yorimasu

<=

biza tazunemasu o

visit (verb)

kabin

>?@A

Id like to visit ...

koushi no niku yasai

tazunetai desu

BCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQR ST
wa totemo taisetsu desu

vegetables

vital: its vital that ...

vegetarian (noun)

ABCDEFGHIJKLVa

saishoku-shugisha

totemo

vodka

vending machine

jido-ham-

UVWX YZ [\ ]^
koe

uokka

baiki
very

voice

volcano

kazan denatsu

very little for me

honno totemo

voltage vomit

sukoshi dake

I like it very much

_`ab

hakimasu

!"#$%&'
via

suki desu

()*

keiyu de bideo-tepu

W
waist

video (noun: film)

+,-./0

cdef

uesto

waistcoat wait

ghi

besto

wake: can you wake me up at 5.30? goji-han ni okoshite

English Japanese

jklm
wait for me

machimasu matte kudasai matanaide

nopqrst
dont wait for me

kuremasen ka?

!"#$%&'( )*+,-./ 01234567 89:;<

arukuto toi desu ka?
its only a short walk

kudasai

uvwxyz{|}
can I wait until my wife gets here? tsuma ga kuru made

wake-up call Wales

moningu-koru

Ueruzu

matte mo i desu ka?

~
can you do it while I wait?

walk: is it a long walk?

=>?@ABCDEF
aruite sugu desu
Ill walk

matte iru aida ni yatte kuremasen ka?

could you wait here for me?

GHIJKLM NOPQRST
Im going for a walk

aruite ikimasu sampo

ABCDEFGHIJKLWa

ni dekakemasu
wall

koko de chotto matte ite kuremasen ka?

UVWXYZ[\ ]^
kabe saifu ga hoshi wa

waiter

wallet

waiter!

ueta

_`a

want: I want a ...

desu

waitress

chotto sumimasen! uetoresu

bcdefgh
I dont want any ...

irimasen

waitress!

ijklmno
I want to go home

uchi ni

chotto sumimasen!

pqrstuvwx
167

kaeritai desu

I dont want to

so shitaku nai kare wa

washing-up liquid

168

English Japanese

yz{|}~
he wants to ...

desu

shokki-yo

senzai
wasp

hachi udedokei

-tai desu

what do you want?

ward (in hospital)

hoshi desu ka?

nani ga

watch (wristwatch)

byoto

will you watch my things for me? watashi no nimotsu o

mite ite kuremasen ka?

warm

Im so warm

atatakai

!" #$%&'()
watch out!

was*

atsui desu

*+,-.
watch strap water

abunai! tokei no bando

deshita araimasu

/01234 !
mizu

wash (verb)

ABCDEFGHIJKLWa

can you wash these? kore o aratte kuremasen ka?

may I have some water?

mizu o moraemasu ka?

waterproof (adj) waterskiing

"#$%&'()* +,-./ 01234

bosui (no) suijo-suki kotchi no

washhand basin washing (clothes)

semmendai

washing machine

sentakumono

way: its this way

ho desu desu

sentakki

56789:;<
its that way

atchi no ho

washing powder

senzai

=>?@ABCD
is it a long way to ...?

washing-up: to do the washing-up shokki o

made toi desu ka?

araimasu

EFGHIJKLMN

no way!

OPQRS
dialogue

dame desu!

naru yo desu
itll brighten up later

English Japanese

de hareru yo desu
wedding

ato

could you tell me the way to ...? ewa do ikeba i

_`a

kekkon-shiki

wedding ring

desu ka?
go straight on until you reach the traffic lights

kekkon-yubiwa

bcde
Wednesday

shingo ni ikiataru made massugu desu turn left hidari e magatte kudasai
take the first on the right

fgh ij k

Suiyobi shukan

week (one, two, three etc)

(this, last, next etc) shu

a week (from) today

saisho no magarikado o migi ni magatte kudasai

we*

no kyo

raishu

lmnopq
a week (from) tomorrow

ABCDEFGHIJKLWe

TUV WXY
(tea) usui

watashitachi yowai

raishu no ashita
weekend

weak

rstuvw xy
shumatsu
at the weekend

Z[\
weather

]^

tenki

z{|
weight weird

shumatsu ni

}~

omosa

dialogue
whats the weather forecast? tenkiyoho

henjin e

hen (na)

weirdo

do desu ka?

wa

welcome: welcome to ...

its going to be fine

yo desu
its going to rain

hareru

youre welcome (dont

yokoso

ame ni

169

mention it)

well: I dont feel well

do itashimashite kibun ga

!"#$%&'( )*
were*

Ueruzu-jin desu deshita

170

English Japanese

shes not well

yoku arimasen

+,-. /0 1
nishi

West: the West west

Obei

byoki desu

kanojo wa

you speak English very well

in the west

Eigo ga totemo jozu desu ne

23

nishi ni

well done!

Western

45678 9:;

Obei (no) Obei-jin yofu (no)

Westerner

desu

sugoi! kore mo

Western-style wet

this one as well

<=>?@ ABC DEF

nureta kujira

ABCDEFGHIJKLWe

well well! (surprise)

dialogue
how are you?

oya oya!

whale

what?

GHIJKL
whats that?

nan desu ka? sore wa nan

gokigen ikaga desu ka?

MNOPQRST
whats happening?

desu ka?

very well, thanks, and you?

nani ga

hai, okagesama desu ga, sochira wa?

well-done (meat) Welsh (adj) Im Welsh

arundesu ka?

UVWXYZ[\]
(whats on?) nani o yatte imasu ka?

uerudan

Ueruzu (no)

watashi wa

(whats wrong?) do shitandes ka?

^_`abcde fg

hijklmnop
what should I do?

qrstuvwx yz{|}
what a view!

i desho ka?

do shitara

its over there muko desu could you show me where it is on the map? chizu de

desu ka?

English Japanese

i nagame desu

ne!

~
what bus do I take?

doko daka oshiete kuremasen ka? its just here koko desu
see way which: which bus?

wheel

dono basu ni noreba i desu ka? sharin

dono

dialogue

basu?

wheelchair

kuruma-isu
which one? dore? that one sore desu this one? kore? no, that one ie, sore while: while Im here

when?

itsu? kaette kara

ABCDEFGHIJKLWh

when we get back

desu

whens the train/ferry?

ressha/feri wa nanji desu ka?

koko ni

iru aida ni
whisky white

where?

shiroi shiro-wain uisuki

doko? doko

I dont know where it is

white wine who?

dialogue
where is the railway station? eki wa doko

daka shirimasen

dare?
who is it?

!"#$%&'
the man who ...

donata desu ka? hito

()*

171

whole: the whole week

+,-./
the whole lot

isshukan

maru

window seat

madogawa no

172

English Japanese

seki

tuvw xyz{|}~
furonto-garasu waipa

012

zembu kore

windscreen

whose: whose is this?

windscreen wiper windsurfing

wa dare no desu ka?

3456789 :;<
why not?

why?

=>?@ABCD EFGHIJKL
hiroi tsuma

doshite desu ka?

kaze ga

uindosafin

windy: its so windy

doshite desu ka?

tsuyoi desu
wine

wain
can we have some more wine? wain o mo sukoshi

wide

MNO P

wife (ones own)

(someone elses) oku-san

QRS
my wife

wine list winter

moraemasu ka?

ABCDEFGHIJKLWh

TUV

watashi no tsuma so

fuyu fuyu ni
in the winter

wain no risuto

will*: will you do it for me?

shite kuremasen ka?

WXYZ[\]^_ `a b
kaze mado mado no

wire

wind (noun) window

waiya

cd

(electric) kodo
with

near the window

soba de

efghij
in the window (of shop)

to issho ni

klmnopqrs

shouindo ni

Im staying with ... no tokoro ni tomatte imasu

without

nashi de shonin

desu

English Japanese

QRST
nao warui

witness

worse: its worse

will you be a witness for me?

watashi no shonin ni natte kuremasen ka?

UVWXYZ[
worst

desu

!"
woman

\]^_`

sai-ak (no)

worth: is it worth a visit?

itte miru kachi ga arimasu ka?

#$

josei subarashi do shite

abcdefgh ijklmn

wonderful

%&'()

would: would you give this to ...? kore o ni watashite

wont*: it wont start

*+,-./012 3456
wood (material)

mo stato shimasen

kuremasen ka?

opqrstuv wxyz{|}~
tsutsunde kuremasen ka?

wrap: could you wrap it up?

78 9

zaimoku

ABCDEFGHIJKLWr

wrapping paper

woods (forest) wool

mori

:;< =>? @A
kotoba shigoto ugokimasen

uru

hososhi

wrestler

resura rikishi

word

sumo wrestler wrestling

work (noun)

sumo wrestling

resuringu sumo

its not working I work in ...

BCDEF
imasu

wrist

de hataraite

GHIJKLMN
world

tekubi kakimasu

write

OP

sekai shimpai

could you write it down?

worry: Im worried

kaite kuremasen ka?

173


how do you write it?

174

English Japanese

do

X
X-ray

writing paper

kakimasu ka?

binsen kagi

UVWXY

rentogen

wrong: its the wrong key

ga aimasen

Y
yacht yard year

the bills wrong

this is the wrong train kore wa chigau densha desu

Z[\ ]^_ `
toshi

yotto

yado

okanjo ga machigatte imasu

yellow yen yes

abcd e
en hai kino

kiroi

ABCDEFGHIJKLWr

sorry, wrong number

sumimasen, bango o machigaemashita

!"#$%&'() *+,-./0
sorry, wrong room

fg

yesterday

hij

sumimasen, heya o machigaemashita

yesterday morning kino no asa

123456789 :;<=>?@
theres something wrong with ... wa doko ka okashi

klmno
ototoi
yet

the day before yesterday

pqrs tu
mada

ABCDEFGHI JK
whats wrong?

desu

dialogue
is it here yet?

do ka

shimashita ka?

LMNOPQRST

mo tsukimashita ka?

no, not yet ie, mada desu youll have to wait a little longer yet mo shibaraku

Zen sect

Zenshu Zendera

English Japanese

Zen temple zero

kakarimas
yoghurt

vwxyz {|}
anata (pl) anatatachi
this is for you

yoguruto

zero

zip

you* (sing)

could you put a new zip on?

fasuna

~
kore wa anata

with you young

ni agemas

!"#$%&'() *+,zip code zoo

atarashi fasuna ni kaete kuremasen ka?

wakai anata no
your(s)* (sing)

anata to issho ni

./01 234

yubimbango

dobutsuen

ABCDEFGHIJKLZo

(pl) anatatachi no
youth hostel

yusu-hosteru

Z
Zen Buddhism

Zen

Zen garden

Zentei

Zen priest

Zenso

175

Japanese English

178

Japanese English

Colloquialisms
The following are words you may well hear.You shouldnt be tempted to use any of the stronger ones unless you are sure of your audience.
aho! fool! baka! you fool!, stupid bastard! bakamitai stupid bakayaro! damn fool! bijin beautiful woman charinko bicycle chikusho! damn!, hell! (literally: beast) chotto! hey! damare! shut up! domo thanks; hi gaijin foreigner ja ne bye, cheerio kakko i trendy; cool; handsome kireru blow ones top konoyaro! damn fool! kuso! shit! maji de honestly; really mansatsu ten-thousand yen note mashi better meshi meal shinjirannai unbelievable subarashi! fantastic! sugoi! great!, super!; well done! tondemo nai! no way! urusai! shut up! uso! thats a lie! usotsuki! liar! yada! no!; yuk! yokatta! good!

ABCDEFGHIJKL

A
abekku lovers, a couple abunai dangerous atchi e itte! go away! agemasu to give ago chin; jaw aibeya ni narimasu to share (room) aimasu to meet aiseki shimasu to share (table) aji taste; flavour Ajia Asia Ajia (no) Asian akachan baby akai red akemasu to open akemashite omedeto gozaimasu! Happy New Year! aki autumn, (U S) fall akiraka (na) clear, obvious akuseru accelerator amai sweet (taste) amari not very much amari oku nai not many ame candies, sweets; rain Amerika Gasshukoku USA ana hole anata (ga) you (sing) anata no your; yours anata o you (sing) anata wa you (sing) anata wa desu you are anatatachi (ga) you (p l) anatatachi no your; yours (p l) anatatachi o you (p l) anatatachi wa you (p l) ane sister (ones own: older)

ani brother (ones own: older) annaisho information desk ano that; those (further away) anzen (na) safe aoi blue apato apartment, flat araimasu to wash arashi storm aratamatta formal are that; that one; those (further away) arigato thank you, thanks arimasen: sore ja arimasen

Japanese English

not that one

ga arimasen no ... aruite walk; on foot arukoru alcohol arukoru-nuki (no) non-alco-

holic

ABCDEFGHIJKLAt

asa morning asatte the day

after tomor-

row
asayu-nishoku-tsuki

half board ashi leg; foot ashikubi ankle ashita tomorrow ashita no asa tomorrow morning ashita no gogo tomorrow afternoon asobiba playground asoko ni up there; over there assatte the day after tomorrow atama head atama ga i intelligent atamakin deposit (as part payment)

179

atarashi new atatakai warm; mild atchi: atchi e itte! go away! atchi no ho desu its that

way after; afterwards, later, later on atsumemasu to collect atsui thick; hot azayaka (na) bright
ato de

bijutsu-kan art gallery bimbo poor bimmei flight number bin jar; bottle biniru-bukuro carrier bag,

180

Japanese English

plastic bag
binsen writing pad biru building biru beer biyoin hairdressers (womens) biza visa bochi cemetery boi porter (in hotel) boku (ga) I (fam, m) boku no my; mine (fam, m) boku o me (fam, m) bokushi priest (Christian) boku wa I (fam, m) bonnetto bonnet, (U S)

B
baka (na) silly; stupid baka! you fool! bakageta ridiculous bakkin fine (punishment) ban van bango number bango o machigaemashita

ABCDEFGHIJKLAt

hood
boru ball borupen ballpoint pen boshi cap, hat boto boat braja bra bubun part, bit oki bubun a big bit bucho director, head of

wrong number
bangumi programme bansoko plasters, Bandaid basu-ryoko coach trip basu-taminaru coach station,

bus station
basu-tei bus stop basu-tsuki no heya

with a private bathroom beddo bed (W estern-style) bengoshi lawyer benri (na) convenient beruto belt besuto waistcoat betsubetsu (no) separate betsu no another, different bijinesu-hoteru business hotel bijutsu art

department
budo martial arts Bukkyo Buddhism Bukkyo (no) Buddhist Bukkyoto Buddhist bunraku traditional puppet

theatre
butsudan house altar byo second (of time) byobu screen byoin hospital

byoki illness; disease byoki (no) sick, ill byoto ward

chome

area of a few square

Japanese English

blocks
choshi ga okashi faulty choshoku breakfast choshoku-tsuki yado bed

C
cha-iro (no) brown -chan diminutive suffix

and

breakfast chotto! hey!

chotto matte kudasai!

just a

minute!
chotto sumimasen!

added to childs name or familiar suffix used between friends and family chanto properly chawan bowl (porcelain) chekku-in shimasu to check in chibusa breast chichi father (ones own) chigai difference chigau different chiho region, district chikai near, nearby chikatetsu underground, (U S) subway chiki area chimu team chippu tip chirashi leaflet chisai small chizu map cho area chodo koko de right here choka-tenimotsu excess baggage chokusetsu (no) direct chokutsu direct chokyori-basu coach, bus chokyori-denwa long-distance call

excuse

me!
Chugoku China Chugoku (no) Chinese chuibukai careful chuko (no) second-hand chukurai (no) medium, medi-

um-sized
chumon order chumon shimasu to order chusha injection chushajo car park, parking chushin centre chushoku lunch chushoku-go after lunch

ABCDEFGHIJKLDa

lot

D
double; double room; double whisky -dai classifier for machines, cars, bikes and stereos daidokoro kitchen daigaku college; university daihyo representative daihyo-teki (na) typical daijobu all right, OK; no problem daisuki desu to love
daburu

181

daitai roughly, approximately daitoryo president (of country) daiyaru shimasu to dial dake only, just dambo heater, heating dame! dont! dame desu! certainly not! sore wa dame desu its no

denki (no) electric denki-kamisori shaver denki-kamisori-yo konsento

182

Japanese English

good
dandan gradually dansei men dansei-yo toire gents toilet,

mens room
dantai party, group dare? who? dare ka anybody; somebody,

someone nobody, no-one; none dasshimen cotton wool, absorbent cotton de by, by means of; with; at; on; in deguchi exit, way out dekakemasu to go away dekimas can dekimasen cannot dekireba hopefully dekirudake as ... as possible dekirudake hayaku as soon as possible demo but; even the demo demo nai neither ... nor ... denatsu voltage denchi battery dengon message denki electricity; light
dare mo -masen

shaving point electrical appliances denki-ya electrician; electrical goods shop denkyu light bulb densensei (no) infectious densha train denshi-renji microwave (oven) dento-teki (na) traditional denwa telephone, phone denwabango phone number denwabango-annai directory enquiries denwacho phone book denwa shimasu to call, to phone depato department store desu be; am; is; are; it is anata wa desu you are ... watashi wa desu I am ... desu ka? is it ...? deshita were; was; it was dewa mata see you again dizeru-sha diesel do degree do? how? do shimashita ka? whats the matter? do itashimashite dont mention it, youre welcome doa door doaboi doorman dobutsu animal dobutsu-en zoo
denki-seihin

ABCDEFGHIJKLDa

dochira which; who dochira demo nai neither

Japanese English

E
to; towards; until; painting, picture; drawing e yes ehagaki postcard eiga film, movie eigakan cinema, movie theater Eigo English (language) Eigo de in English eigyo-chu open eigyojikan opening times Eikoku Britain Eikoku (no) British eizu AIDS eki train station empitsu pencil em-saizu medium en circle; yen erabimasu to choose erebeta lift, elevator eri collar eru-saiz large eya-kon air-conditioning
e

(one) of them
dochiraka either of them dochira-sama desu ka? whos

calling?
Doitsu Germany Doitsu (no) German dokan desu I agree; all right doka yamete kudasai please

dont
doko? where? doko desu ka? where is doko demo everywhere;

it?

anywhere
doko ka somewhere dokushin single, not married domo thanks; hi domo arigato thanks domo sumimasen sorry dono? which? dore? which one? dore mo -masen none doro mud dorobo thief dorochizu road map;

ABCDEFGHIJKLFu

streetmap
doshite des ka?

why?; why go

not?
Doyobi Saturday dozo I dont mind, please

F
fakkusu fax fakkusu o okurimasu to fax fasuna zip Fransu (no) French Fransu-go French (language) furonto reception desk (in hotel) furonto-gakari receptionist (in hotel)

ahead; here you are dozo osaki ni after you dozo yoroshiku pleased to meet you

183

furonto-garasu windscreen fu city fuben (na) inconvenient fufu married couple fujinfuku-uriba ladies wear fukai deep fukano(na) impossible fukin tea towel Fukkatsusai Easter fukumimasu to include fukutsu stomachache fukuro bag, paper bag fumi flavour fumoto bottom fun minute fune boat, ship funsui fountain (ornamental) furui old; stale fusuma sliding door (patterned) futa cap; lid futatsu two; a couple futo envelope futon mattress; bedding futotta fat futsuka two days futsukayoi hangover futsu local intercity train futsu(no) ordinary, usual fuyu winter fuyukai (na) unpleasant

G
ga

subject particle that emphasizes the subject ga arimasu there is ...; there are ...

ga arimasen no ...; theres no ...; there are no ... gaido guide gaijin foreigner gaikoku abroad gaikoku (no) foreign gaikoku-go foreign language gaikoku-jin foreigner gaishutsu shimasu to go out gaku amount gake cliff gakkari shita disappointed gakki term (at university, school) gakko school gakusei student Gantan New Years Day garakuta rubbish garasu glass gasorin petrol, (U S) gas gasorin-sutando petrol station, (U S) gas station geijutsu-ka artist gekijo theatre genkan doorway, entrance, porch genki? how are you? genki de ne take care, bye, see you genkin cash genkin-jido-shiharaiki cash dispenser, ATM genkin ni kaemasu to cash genzo film processing genzo shimasu to develop geta wooden sandals geto gate (at airport) getsu month (this, last, next etc)

184

Japanese English

ABCDEFGHIJKLFu

Getsuyobi Monday gezai laxative gin silver ginko bank (money) giri no imoto sister-in-law (ones own: younger) giri no musuko son-in-law (ones own) giri no musume daughter-inlaw (ones own) giri no oka-san mother-inlaw (someone elses) giri no one-san sister-in-law (someone elses: older) giri no oni-san brother-inlaw (someone elses: older) giri no oto-san father-in-law (someone elses) giri no ototo brother-in-law (ones own: younger) go five go- polite prefix -go after gochiso-sama deshita it was delicious (literally: it was a feast) gogaku-kosu language

ka? how are you? gokigenyo! have a nice day! gomu rubber (material) gomennasai excuse me,

Japanese English

sorry
gomi rubbish, trash; waste gomibako bin; dustbin,

trashcan
goro about, approximately goryoshin parents (someone elses) goshujin husband (someone elses) gozen am gozen shichiji ni at 7am gun county gurinsha first-class carriage gurinsha-joshaken first-class gyoretsu

train ticket queue

ABCDEFGHIJKLHa

H
ha tooth haburashi toothbrush hachi eight; wasp Hachigatsu August hachi-ju eighty hae fly haguki gum (in mouth) haha mother (ones own) hai yes; lungs -hai classifier meaning

course
Gogatsu May gogo afternoon, pm kyono gogo ni this after-

noon
go-hyaku five hundred go-ju fifty gojusho address gojusho wa? whats your

glassful or cupful
hai-iro (no) grey hai-oku unleaded petrol hairimasu to come in haisha dentist

address?
gokei total gokigen: gokigen ikaga desu

185

haita toothache haitatsu delivery haitatsu shimasu to deliver haizara ashtray hajimarimasu to begin hajime beginning hajimemasu to start hajimemashite how do you

opposed to
hap-pyaku eight hundred harai-modoshi refund hareta fine (weather); swollen harete imasu its sunny; its

186

Japanese English

swollen
hari needle haru spring hasami scissors hashi bridge (over river);

do?, pleased to meet you

hajimete the first time hakubutsukan museum hakike nausea hako box hamabe beach hamaki cigar hambun half hamigakiko toothpaste hana nose; flower hanabi fireworks hanashi-chu engaged, (U S)

chopsticks
hashirimasu to run hata flag hatake field hayai fast, quick; early hayaku quickly hei fence heikin-teki average (not good) hempi (na) secluded hen (na) weird, strange, odd heya accommodation; room hi fire; day hidari left hidari e to the left hidari ni on the left hidari-kiki (no) left-handed hidoi bad; dreadful; nasty hidoku badly hifu skin higaeri-ryoko day trip higashi east hiji elbow hijoguchi fire escape; emer-

ABCDEFGHIJKLHa

occupied
hanashimasu

to speak; to a

talk
hana-ya florists han-dasu (no) half

dozen
handobaggu bag, handbag, (U S) purse hanemasu to knock over hangaku half fare hangaku (no) half-price hanjikan half an hour hankagai city centre, down-

town
hanko personal seal hannama (na) not cooked han-rittoru half a litre hantai opposite to hantai (no) against,

gency exit
hikage shade hikari light -hiki classifier for animals hikidashi drawer hikimasu to pull; to play

(instrument) hikinobashi enlargement hikkuri kaeshimasu to knock over

hiko flight hikoki plane, airplane hikui low himo string hinata sun hi ni yaketa suntanned hinshitsu quality hiraita open hiroba square hiroi wide hiru heel (of shoe) hisho secretary hitai forehead hito person; people hito-ban ni tsuki per night hitogomi crowd hito-hako packet hito-kire piece hito-kumi pair hito-pakku pack hitori alone hitotsu piece; one hitotsu mo -masen no mo hitotsu another, one

hodo nai less ...than hohoemimasu to smile hoka the rest hoka hoka bento lunch

Japanese English

box

shop something else, anything else hoka niwa nai desu nothing else hoka no other hoken insurance hoki brush hoko direction hokori dust hokusei northwest hokuto northeast hommono (no) real, genuine homo (no) gay hon book -hon classfier for pens, cigarettes and other cylindrical objects hone bone hone ga oreta broken hon no sukoshi just a little honto (ni) really hontodesu ka? really? honto(no) true honya bookshop, bookstore honyaku translation honyaku shimasu to translate honyubin babys bottle horitsu law hoseki jewellery hoseki-ten jewellers hoshi star hoshidesu to want hosho guarantee
hoka ni nani ka

ABCDEFGHIJKLHo

more
hitotsu (no) a, an hitsuyo (na) necessary, essen-

tial
hiyake tan, suntan; sunburn hiyake-dome sunblock hiyake shimasu to get a tan hiyo ga kakarimasu to cost hiza knee ho cheek (on face) hodo pavement, sidewalk

187

hoshokin deposit hososhi wrapping paper hossa fit, attack hotai bandage; dressing hoteru hotel hoteru no heya hotel room hotoke-sama Buddha hotondo almost, nearly hotondo -masen hardly hyaku hundred hyaku man million hyoshiki sign

ikikata route ikimasu to go ikimasho! lets go! ikitai desu Id like to ikkai ground floor, (U S)

188

Japanese English

first

floor; once ikkaibun dose

ikura desu ka?

how much is

it?
ikutsu?

how many?; how

old?
ikutsuka (no) several ima now; just, only just ima wa dame desu not just

I
i

now
ima nanji desu ka?

what

good

time is it?
imamade ni ever imasu to say; to call imeiru e-mail imoto sister (ones own: younger) inaka country; countryside Indo (no) Indian inryosui drinking water intachenji interchange (on motorway) inu dog ippai full; a glass of ippai ni shimasu to fill up ippaku (no) overnight ippan-teki (na) general iraira suru annoying irasshaimase may I help

i desu thats good; thats fine ichi one ichiba market ichiban suki (na) favourite ichi-dasu (no) dozen Ichigatsu January ichinichi-ju all day ichiryu (no) excellent ie house ie no igai dewa apart from igai wa except Igirisu Britain Igirisu (no) British Igirisu-jin British person Igirisu-pondo sterling ijo over, more than sore ijo more than that ika less than, under ikebana flower arrangement iki-iki shita lively

ABCDEFGHIJKLHo

you
ireba dentures iriguchi entrance, way iro colour iseki ruins

in

isha doctor ishi stone, rock isogashi busy isogimasu to hurry issho ni together to issho ni with issoku pair; pair of

jibun de myself; by myself jido automatic jido-hambaiki vending

Japanese English

machine ...
jidosha-hoken green card (car insurance) jikan time; hour jiko accident jikokuhyo timetable, (U S)

shoes/socks
isu chair Isuramukyo (no) Muslim itadakimasu! enjoy your

schedule
jimen ground jimoto no local jimusho office jinja shrine jishin earthquake jitensha bicycle, bike jitensha-okiba bicycle park jodan joke johin (na) posh joho information jokyaku passenger josei woman; lady ju ten; gun; rifle jubun enough judai (na) serious Jugatsu October ju-go fifteen jugyo lesson ju-hachi eighteen ju-ichi eleven Juichigatsu November jujiro crossroads, intersection jukushita ripe ju-kyu nineteen ju-ni twelve Junigatsu December ju-roku sixteen ju-san thirteen ju-shichi seventeen

meal!, bon appetit!

itai hurt; painful itai desu its sore itami pain, ache itamidome painkillers itamimasu to hurt Itaria Italy Itaria (no) Italian ito thread itoko cousin itsuka fifth itsumo always itsu? when? itsutsu five ittan -tara once, as soon iwa rock iya (na) disgusting, nasty izaka-ya pub

ABCDEFGHIJKLJu

as

J
ja well jaguchi tap, faucet jama shimasu to disturb ja mata see you later ja ne bye, cheerio ji oclock

189

jusho address jushoroku address jutai traffic jam jutan carpet ju-yon fourteen

book

kaisha company, business kaisoku local train with lim-

190

Japanese English

ited stops
kaji fire (blaze) kakebuton duvet kakejiku scroll (hanging) kakemasu to switch on (engine); to play (music) kakimasu to write kakitome-yubin de by regis-

K
ka mosquito ka ka either ... or ... ka? question particle kaban bag kabe wall kabin vase kacho section chief kado card kado-denwa cardphone kaerimasu to go back, to

tered mail
kakunin shimasu to confirm kamban sign kamera-ya camera shop kami paper; hair kami-omutsu disposable nap-

pies/diapers
kami-sama God kamisori razor kampai! cheers! kampeki (na) perfect kanari fairly, pretty, quite; a

ABCDEFGHIJKLJu

return
kaeshimasu to give back kagu furniture kagami mirror kagetsu month (one, two, three etc) kagi key; lock kagi o akemasu to unlock kago basket kai floor, storey kaichudento torch kaidan steps, stairs kaigan coast kaigi meeting (business); con-

bit
kanari takusan quite a lot kanari (no) fair (amount) kanashi sad kanemochi (no) rich (person) kangae idea kangaemasu to think kangeikai reception (for guests) kangofu nurse (woman) kangoshi nurse (man) kanji character (written);

ference
kaigishitsu conference room kaikaishiki opening ceremo-

Chinese character
kanjimasu to feel kankiri can-opener, tin-

ny
kaikei cash desk kaimasu to buy

opener
kanko-annaijo

tourist infor-

mation office
Kankoku South Korea Kankoku (no) Korean kankoryoko trip, excursion,

karera o them (m ) karera wa they (m ) karimasu to rent, to

Japanese English

sightseeing tour
kannushi Shinto priest kano(na) possible kanojo (ga) she kanojo no her; hers kanojo o her kanojo wa she kanojotachi (ga) they (f ) kanojotachi no their; theirs (f ) kanojotachi o them (f ) kanojotachi wa they (f ) kanpai! cheers! kanrishoku executive kansen infection kansha (no) grateful kantan (na) simple, easy kanzen ni completely kanzo liver (in body) kanzume can kao face kappu cup kappuru couple kara from; since kara (no) empty karada body karada ni i healthy karai hot, spicy kare he kare ga he kare no his kare o him kare wa he karera (ga) they (m ) karera no their; theirs (m )

hire; to borrow karui light (not heavy) kasa umbrella kashimasu to lend kashikoi clever kashu singer; pop singer kata shoulder kataho one end; one side katai hard katamichi-kippu single ticket, one-way ticket katto cut kawa leather; river kawaita dry kawari ni instead kawase-tegata bankers draft kawatta odd, strange, peculiar Kayobi Tuesday kazan volcano kaze wind kazoku family kazu number, figure kega o shita injured keiba race (for horses) keieisha manager (in business) keikan policeman keisatsu police keisatsusho police station keitai-denwa mobile phone keiyaku contract keiyu stopover keiyu de via kekko desu all right, fine ie kekko desu no thanks kekkon marriage

191

ABCDEFGHIJKLKe

kekkon shita married kekkon shite imasu Im

married
kekkon shite imasu ka?

are

you married?
kekkon-kinen-bi

wedding

anniversary
kekkon-shiki wedding kekkon-yubiwa wedding

ring
kekkyoku after all kemuri smoke ken ticket; prefecture kendo Japanese fencing keneki quarantine kenka fight kenko (na) healthy keredomo although kesa this morning keshiki scenery keshimasu to switch off kesho make-up keshohin cosmetics keshoshitsu ladies toilets,

kikimasu to listen kikoemasu to hear kimasu to come kimemasu to decide kimi (ga) you (sing, fam) kimi no your; yours (sing, fam) kimi o you (sing, fam) kimi wa you (sing, fam) kimochi no i pleasant kimono kimono; Japanese

192

Japanese English

clothes
kimpatsu (no) blond kin gold kinen-hi monument kinen-koshitsu nonsmoking

compartment
kingyo goldfish kinkyu emergency kinkyu (na) urgent kino yesterday kino no asa yesterday

ABCDEFGHIJKLKe

morning
kinu silk Kinyobi Friday kinyushimasu to fill in kinzoku metal kion temperature (weather) ki o tsukete! look out! kippu ticket kippu-uriba box office; tick-

ladies room
kesshite -masen never ketsueki blood kewashi steep ki tree; mind; heart kibako wooden box kibo hope kibun feeling kicho(na) valuable kiete iru off (lights) kigaemasu to get changed kiji material (fabric) kikai machine kikan period (of time) kiken (na) risky

et office
kirai desu hate kirei (na) beautiful; pretty;

nice; clean
kirei ni shimasu kiri mist, fog kirimasu to cut kiroi yellow

to clean up

kisu kiss kishibe shore (of lake) kissa-ten teahouse; caf kis shimasu to kiss kita north Kita-Chosen North Korea kitai hazure (no) disappoint-

here
wa koko desu

Japanese English

here is/are

...
masa ni koko de just here koko ni over here koko no kore desu this one

here
kokonoka ninth kokonotsu nine kokuritsu (no) national kokusai-teki (na)

ing to look forward to kitanai dirty kitsui tight kitte stamp -ko classifer for fruit, cakes, eggs and small chunky objects koban police box kocha tea (drink) kodo wire; lead kodomo child; children kodomo-yo (no) childrens koe voice koen park kogai open air kogai suburb Kogo-Heika Empress of Japan kohei (na) fair, impartial kohi coffee koi carp koin-randori launderette, laundromat kojo factory koka coin kokan-reto exchange rate kokkyo border (of country) kokunaisen domestic flight koko here koko desu right here, just
kitai shimasu

international
kokuseki nationality kokubin de by airmail kokubinyo futo airmail

enve-

lope
kokyu (na) upmarket komban tonight, this

evening

ABCDEFGHIJKLKo
193

komban wa good evening kome rice (uncooked) komichi path komori child minder kona-sekken soap powder konda crowded konde iru busy kondo next time kon-iro (no) navy (blue) konkai this time konkuru contest konnichi wa hello kono this; these konoha leaf konosaki down the road kono shita desu down here konsento power point koppu glass kore this; this one; these kore desu ka this one here

kore kara in future kore wa desu this is ... korekuto-koru reverse charge

call, collect call

kori ice korobimasu to fall koruku-nuki corkscrew kosu course kosaten junction kosho breakdown koshubenjo public toilets koshudenwa phone box,

payphone
kosobiru skyscraper kosokudoro motorway, free-

kuchi mouth kuchibeni lipstick kuchibiru lips kudaketa informal kudamono fruit Kugats September kuishimbo (no) greedy kujira whale kujo complaint kujoo imas to complain kuki air kuko airport kumo spider kumori (no) cloudy, dull -kun suffix used when

194

Japanese English

way, highway
kossetsu fracture kosui perfume kotatsu footwarmer kotchi this; this way; here koto coat kotoba word, language kotsu traffic kotsujiko road accident kottohin antique kottohin-ten antique shop kowareta damaged; broken kowarete imasu out of order kowashimasu to break, to

addressing a young person

kuni country, nation kurabemasu to compare kurai about, approximately kuremasu to give o kuremasen ka? could I

ABCDEFGHIJKLKo

have ...?
-te kuremasen ka?

could

you ...?
kurikaeshimasu to repeat Kurisumasu-Ibu Christmas

Eve
kuro black kuroi dark kuroku cloakroom kuruma car kushami o shimasu to sneeze kushi comb kutsu shoe kutsu-himo shoelaces kutsunaoshi shoe repairer kutsu no soko sole (of shoe) kutsuzumi shoe polish kuzushimasu to change

damage
koza bank account, account kozeni change, money kozui flood kozutsumi parcel, package kusa grass kusuri drug, medicine kusuri-ya pharmacy ku ward, area of a city kubi neck

(money) kyaku customer kyakusha coach, carriage kyakushitsu compartment kyakushitsu-gakari maid kyanseru-machi standby kyo today kyodai brother kyodo-keiei-sha partner (i n business) kyoka permit kyokai church kyoku-dome-yubin poste restante kyori distance kyoryoku help kyu nine kyuden palace kyugyo closed kyu-hyaku nine hundred kyu-ju ninety kyuka holiday, vacation kyukei-jikan interval kyuko express train kyukyubako first-aid kit kyukyubyoto casualty department kyukyusha ambulance kyureki lunar calendar kyusuiki fountain (for drinking)

machigai error, mistake machigatta false, not true machimasu to wait mada still; only; yet ie, mada desu not yet made to; up to; until; as far

Japanese English

as
Mokyobi made ni

by window

Thursday mado window

madogawa no seki

seat
mae ago; front ichijikan mae an hour ago sono mae no hi the day

before
mae motte in advance mae ni in front, at the front;

formerly, in the past; before

ABCDEFGHIJKLMa

magarikado turning (in road) magomusuko grandson (ones own) magomusume granddaughter (ones own) mahobin Thermos flask -mai classifier for pieces of

M
mabushi bright machi town; area machi-awase-basho

meeting

place

paper, tickets and other thin, flat objects mainichi (no) daily majime (na) serious makura pillow makura-kaba pillow case mama mum mama desu not bad, so-so manga comic book manikyua nail varnish mannaka middle manshon apartment block Mare-hanto (no) Malay

195

maroyaka (na) mild masaka! oh no! -masen not -masen deshita didnt mata again mata wa or matsu pine mattaku chigaimasu defi-

nitely not
mattaku sono tori desu

defi-

nitely
mawari-michi

diversion,

detour
mayaku drugs (narcotics) mayonaka midnight mayonaka ni in the middle

of the night; at midnight

me eye megane spectacles, eyeglasses mei niece (ones own) meishi business card meisho the sights menkyo licence menrui noodles menzei(hin) duty-free

migi e to the right migi ni on the right mihon-ichi fair; trade fair mijikai brief, short mikka third mimasu to look at; to see mimi ear mimi ga kikoenai deaf minami south o minami in the south minato harbour, port mingeihin-ten craft shop minikui ugly minna everyone; all wa minna all the ... minshuku guesthouse miryoku-teki (na) attractive mise shop mitsukemasu to find mittsu three mizu water mizugi swimming trunks;

196

Japanese English

ABCDEFGHIJKLMa

swimming costume
mizumi lake mizusashi jug mo also, too; even; both

(goods)
menzeihin-ten

duty-free hardly

shop
metta ni not often metta ni -masen

ever
mezurashi

rare, uncommon,

unusual
miatarimasen missing michi road midori (no) green midori no madoguchi ticket migi

counter right

... and; neither ... nor mo already mo hitotsu another, one more mochimasu to have; to carry; to hold mochinushi owner mochiron of course mochiron chigaimasu of course not mochite handle modorimasu to get back, to return

modotte ikimasu to go back modotte kimasu to come

back
mofu blanket mokutekichi destination Mokuyobi Thursday momen cotton momo thigh mon gate mondai problem mono thing more leak mori woods, forest moshi if moshi demo even if ... moshi-moshi hello; Im still

mukogawa across mune chest, breast mura village murasaki (no) purple, violet muryo free of charge mushi insect mushi-atsui humid mushi-sasare insect bite musuko son (ones own) musume daughter (ones own) muttsu six muzukashi hard, difficult myoji surname

Japanese English

N
nadare avalanche nagai long nagai aida a long time nagame view nagashi sink nagemasu to throw naisen telephone extension naka inside naka e hairimasu to go in nakai-san maid naka ni inside -nakereba narimasen I must

here
mosukoshi

some more, a little bit more motte kimasu to bring; to fetch motto more motto i better motto sukunaku less motto takusan a lot more motto toku further moyo pattern muchu(na) crazy muen-gasorin unleaded petrol muika sixth muishiki (no) unconscious muji (no) plain mukai no opposite mukashi-fu (no) old-fashioned muko there; over there muko desu, muko ni over there

ABCDEFGHIJKLNa

...
nakimasu to cry nakunarimasu to disappear nakushimasu to lose nama (no) raw namae name; first name,

given name
namake-mono lazy nana seven nana-hyaku seven hundred

197

nana-ju seventy nanatsu seven nani? what? nani desu ka? what? sore wa nani desu ka?

netsu fever; temperature netsuppoi feverish nezumi mouse; rat ni two; to; in; at; into; on;

198

Japanese English

whats that?
nani demo i desu

it doesnt

matter
nani ka something, anything nani ka ka? would you

like anything ...?

nani mo -masen nothing nani mo nai desu nothing

else
nanoka seventh nansei southwest nante imashita? pardon

(me)?, sorry?
nanto southeast naorimasu to cure naoshimasu to mend nao warui desu its worse;

much worse
naraimasu to learn narubeku hayaku as

soon as

possible
naruhodo I see; indeed nashi de without natsu summer nazenara because ne? isnt it?, havent we?,

havent you? etc

nedan cost, price nedoko bed (Japanese-style) nega negative (film) neko cat nemurimasu to sleep nengajo New Years card nenkin-seikatsusha pensioner

indirect object particle double; twice as much ni-bamme (no) second nibui stupid nichibotsu sunset Nichiyobi Sunday nigai bitter Nigatsu February nihodoki shimasu to unpack Nihon Japan Nihon (no) Japanese Nihongo Japanese (language) Nihongo de in Japanese Nihon-jin Japanese (person) ni-hyaku two hundred ni-ju twenty niku meat ni-kai first floor, (U S) second floor; twice nikki diary (for personal experiences) nikko sunshine niku-ya butchers nimotsu luggage, baggage nimotsu o tsumemasu to pack -nin classifier for people ningyo doll ningyo-geki puppet show ninki no aru popular ninshin-chu (no) pregnant Nippon Japan nise (no) fake nishi west
ni-bai (no)

ABCDEFGHIJKLNa

nishukan fortnight ni-to second class (train etc) niwa garden niwaka-ame shower (of rain) no of; possessive particle no aida ni between; during nodo throat nodo no itami sore throat no hoe towards nojo farm nokku shimasu to knock nomi flea nomimasu to drink nomimono drink no mukoni beyond norikaemasu to change (trains etc) norimasu to get on (train etc) no shita ni under (in position) no soba near; by umi no soba by the sea no soba ni beside no soko ni at the bottom of no soto ni outside no tame ni because of; for no tonari next to no ue on no ushiro ni behind nuimasu to sew nunoji cloth, fabric nureta wet nusumimasu to steal nyujoryo admission charge

o-ai-dekite ureshidesu

O
o object particle o- polite prefix

nice to meet you oba overcoat oba-san aunt oba-san grandmother (someone elses) Obei the West Obei (no) Western Obei-jin Westerner obi sash oboete imasu to remember obon tray ocha green tea odori main road; avenue odorimasu to dance odoroku-hodo (no) astonishing ofuku-kippu return ticket, round-trip ticket ofuro bath ofuro-ba bathroom ofuro-tsuki de ... ... with bathroom ogenki desu ka? how are you? ohayogozaimasu good morning oi nephew (ones own) oishi delicious oji-san uncle oji-san grandfather ojo-san daughter (someone elses) oku much oku nai not a lot oka hill okagesama de fine; well okane money

199

Japanese English

ABCDEFGHIJKLOk

okane o tsukaimasu to spend okanjo bill, (U S) check oka-san mother okashi funny, strange oki big, large okimasu to get up; to leave;

onaka ga suita hungry onegai shimasu please; thank

200

Japanese English

you
hai, onegai shimasu

yes,

please
one-san sister ongaku music ongak-ka musician oni-san brother onna no ko girl onsen hot spring Oranda Holland Oranda (no) Dutch orenji-iro (no) orange origami paper folding orikaeshi denwa shimasu

to keep; to put okiwasuremasu to leave behind okorimasu to happen okotta angry oku-san wife (someone elses) okugai outdoor okunai indoor okure delay okurimasu to send okurimono gift okyaku-sama guest okyu-teate first aid omago-san grandchild (someone elses) omatase sorry to keep you waiting omatsuri festival omawari-san policeman omedeto! congratulations! Omisoka New Years Eve omiyage souvenir omo (na) main omocha toy omoi serious, grave; heavy omoimas to think omosa weight omoshiroi exciting; interesting; funny, amusing omutsu nappy, diaper onaji the same onaji yo (na) similar onaka stomach

to ring back orimasu to get out; to get off oroshimasu to let off osake alcoholic drink osaki ni good night; goodbye; see you osenko joss stick oshare (na) trendy, fashionable oshibori moistened hand towel oshikomi-goto burglary oshimasu to push oshire cupboard, closet oshiri hip; bottom Oshogatsu New Year osoi slow; late osoku slowly osoraku probably osoroshi horrible, awful ososhiki funeral osugi too many, too much

ABCDEFGHIJKLOk

osugimasu that is too much osuwari kudasai sit down otanjobi omedeto gozaimasu!

puratto-homu

platform; track puru swimming pool

Japanese English

happy birthday!
otera Buddhist temple otoko no hito man otoko no ko boy otona adult oto-san father; dad otoshiyori old person ototo brother (ones own: younger) ototoi the day before yester-

R
raishu next week raishu no ashita a

week

tomorrow
raishu no kyo a week today rai-u thunderstorm regyura regular unleaded

day
owan bowl owari end owarimasu to finish owarimashita its finished oyasuminasai good night oya-yubi thumb oyogimasu to swim

petrol
rei example reitoshita frozen reizoko fridge rekkasha breakdown service renji cooker renta-ka rented car; car

ABCDEFGHIJKLRy

rental
rentaru (no) to rent, for hire renzu lens; camera lens; con-

P
pachinko pinball pakku-ryoko package

tact lens holireshito receipt rimujin-basu airport bus rinsu conditioner (for hair) roji lane roku six roka corridor Rokugatsu June roku-ju sixty romendensha tram roppyaku six hundred rosenzu network map rosoku candle ryo amount (quantity) ryogae-jo bureau de change ryogae-reto exchange rate

day
pan bread panfuretto brochure panku puncture pantisutokkingu tights,

pantyhose
pantsu underpants; shorts pan-ya bakers piru contraceptive pill poppusu pop music posuto letterbox, mailbox purasutikku plastic

201

ryoho both ryojikan consulate ryokan Japanese traditional

inn
ryokin charge; fare; rental ryokinbako fare box ryoko journey sore dewa tanoshi ryoko o!

have a good journey!

ryokogaisha travel agents ryokokyaku tourist ryokoshimasu to travel ryori food; dish (meal) ryori shimasu to cook ryoshin parents (ones own) ryukookure (no) unfashion-

able

sakana-ya fishmongers sakasama upside down sakazuki sake cup saki first sakihodo earlier sakura cherry blossom sakura no ki cherry tree -sama Mr; Mrs; Ms; Miss sambashi jetty sam-byaku three hundred samonaito otherwise sampatsu haircut (mans) samui cold san three -san Mr; Mrs; Ms; Miss Sangatsu March san-ju thirty san-kai second floor, (U S)

202

Japanese English

S
sabisu-ryo service charge sagashimasu to search, to

third floor; three times

san-shoku-tsuki full board sara plate sarari-man businessman;

ABCDEFGHIJKLRy

look for
sai-aku (no) worst saifu purse; wallet saigai disaster saigo (no) final, last saijitsu public holiday saijokai top floor saikin recently saiko(no) best saishin (no) latest, most

recent, up-to-date
saisho (no) first saisho ni at first saishoku-shugisha saizu size sakana fish

vegetarian

salaried worker surface mail, overland mail sato sugar -satsu classifier for books sawagashi loud sayonara goodbye se ga takai tall seifu government seihin product seijo(na) normal seika net price seikaku (na) accurate seikyusho bill, (U S) check; invoice seiri period (menstruation) seiri-yonapukin sanitary napsarubin

kins/towels
seishiki (na) formal seiyo(no) Occidental sekai world seki seat; cough sekken soap semai narrow (street) -semasu to let, to allow semmendai washhand basin sempuki fan (electrical) sen thousand; line; plug (i n sink) senaka back (of body) senaka no itami backache senchi centimetre sennuki bottle-opener se no hikui short sensei teacher; polite form

setsumei shimasu to explain setsuzoku connection (i n travelling) setsuzokubin connecting

Japanese English

flight
sewa o shimasu to look after shacho managing director, president (of company) shako garage (for parking) shareta posh sharin wheel shasen lane (on motorway) shashin photo; picture shatsu shirt shawa-tsuki (no) with shower shi death; city; four shiai game, match shibafu lawn shibai play (in theatre) shibutsu belongings shichaku shimasu to try on shichaku-shitsu fitting room shichi seven Shichigatsu July shigai-kyokuban dialling

of address for teachers, doctors, dentists etc senshitsu cabin senshu last week senshukara since last week senshuno Kinyobi last Friday sensu fan sentak-ki washing machine sentaku-mono washing, laundry sentaku-ya laundry (place) sento public baths senyono basu-toire private bathroom senzai washing powder serotepu Sellotape, Scotch tape sesshi centigrade seta pullover, sweater setomono china setsubi equipment

ABCDEFGHIJKLSh

code, area code

Shigatsu April shigoto business; job, work shihainin manager shiharai payment shiharaimasu to pay shihei banknote, (U S) bill shijo market (in business) shiken exam shiki-buton mattress shikiten ceremony shikki lacquerware shima island shimarimasu to close

203

to do; to play; to give; to make; to work (as); to taste; to smell; to feel; to sound; to cost shimatta closed shimbun newspaper, paper shimbunya newsagents shimemasu to shut shimetta damp shimo frost shimpai worried
shimasu shinai: shinai ho ga i desu

shita downstairs; tongue shita (ni) below shita e ikimasu to go down shite: shite kuremasen ka?

204

Japanese English

could you please ...?

shi-teki (na) private shitsugyo-chu unemployed shitsumon question shitsurei (na) rude shitsurei shimasu excuse me shitte imasu to know shiyo-chu engaged, occupied shizen (na) natural; peaceful,

you shouldnt ...

shincho height shinda dead shindaisha sleeper, sleeping

quiet
shizuka ni! quiet! shobosho fire brigade shodoku-zai antiseptic shogi Japanese chess shogo midday, noon shohosen prescription shoji sliding door (wooden lattice and paper) shoka-furyo indigestion shokai shimasu to introduce shokaki fire extinguisher shokbutsu plant shokudosha restaurant car,

car
shingo traffic lights shingu bedding (W esternstyle) shinguru single room shinguru-beddo single bed shinimasu to die shinjirannai unbelievable shinkansen bullet train shinsen (na) fresh shinsetsu (na) friendly, nice;

ABCDEFGHIJKLSh

kind; generous
shinshifuku-uriba menswear shinshitsu bedroom shintai-shogai-sha disabled

buffet car
shokuji meal shokuji o shimasu

to have to do the

dinner
shokki o araimasu

person; the disabled

shinzo heart shirabemasu

washing-up to find out; to know

shokki-yosenzai

washing-up

check
shirafu (no) sober shirimasen I dont shiro castle shiroi white

liquid
shokuryohin food (in shop) shokuryohin-ten food shomei

shop/store signature

shomeisho certificate shonin witness shorai future shorui document shotai invitation shotai shimasu to invite shotsu pants, panties shu week (this, last, next etc) shujin husband (ones own) shukai meeting shukan custom; week (one, two, three etc) shukyo religion shumatsu weekend shumi hobby shuppatsu departure shuppatsu-raunji departure

sonna such; so; like that sonna ni takusan ja naku

Japanese English

not so much
sonna ni waruku nai

not so

bad
sono the; that (nearby) sono tori desu thats it sono toki then, at that time so-on noise sora sky sore it; that (nearby); that one (nearby); those; them (objects) sore dake desu thats all sore de i desu ka? is that

OK?
sore desu that one sore wa des it is ... sore zembu all of it sorekara and then sorera (ga) they (inanimate objects) sorera no their; theirs (inanimate objects) sorera o them (inanimate objects) sorera wa they (inanimate objects) sorezore (no) each, every soridaijin prime minister soryo Buddhist priest soshite and soto ni outside sozai-ya delicatessen sutando lamp suteki (na) lovely sutemasu to throw away subarashi beautiful; excel-

lounge
shuppatsu shimasu

to leave,

ABCDEFGHIJKLSu

to depart
shuri shimasu to repair shurui type, make, brand

name
shutcho business trip shuten terminus sukoshi a little bit, not

much; little; some

sukoshi no a few sukunaku-tomo at least so so so desu thats right sobi equipment soin monastery sojiki vacuum cleaner soko (de) there soko-kyori-museigen unlim-

ited mileage
sokutatsu express (mail) somatsu (na) poor (quality)

lent, great, wonderful

205

subete everything subete no every sugu at once, immediately;

tabun perhaps, maybe tabun chigau desho perhaps

206

Japanese English

not
tada free of charge tadashi correct, right taifu typhoon Taiheiyo Pacific Ocean taikutsu bored taikutsu (na) boring taira (na) flat taisetsu (na) important taishikan embassy taitei most; mostly, most

soon
sugu ni

straightaway; in a

minute
-sugimasu too sugoi super, great sugoi! well done! suichu-yokusen hydrofoil suido-ya plumber suijo-ski waterskiing suitchi switch Suiyobi Wednesday sujitsu mae the other day suki: ga suki desu ka? do

you like ...?

suki desu I like it suki ja arimasen I dont

like

it
sumi corner sumi ni in the corner sumimasen thanks; sorry;

may I?
suna sand sunde imasu to live sunika trainers supa supermarket suppai sour suwarimasu to sit down suzushi cool

T
tabako cigarette tabemasu to eat tabemono food tabitabi (no) frequent

of the time taitei no most taiyo sun takai high; expensive; tall takasa height take bamboo takkyu table tennis tako kite tako-age kite-flying takusan a lot, lots takusan (no) much; many; a lot, lots takusan no plenty of ..., a lot of ... takushi-noriba taxi rank takushi no unten-shu taxidriver takuwae supply tambo paddy field tameshimasu to try tana shelf tani valley tanjobi birthday tanomimasu to ask tanoshimimasu to enjoy oneself

ABCDEFGHIJKLSu

tansha moped taoru flannel; towel tarimasen theres not

address
tento tent teppen ni at the top terebi television teru-rampu rear lights tetsudaimasu to help tetsudo railway tisshu (pepa) tissues,

Japanese English

enough
tashika certain, sure tashika desu ka? are

you

sure?
tashika ni certainly tasukete! help! tatami straw mat tatoeba for example tatoe -temo even if tazunemasu to visit te hand tebukuro gloves techo notebook; diary tegami letter tegoro (na) reasonable; inex-

pensive
tehai shimasu to arrange teiki-bin scheduled flight teikiken rail pass teinei (na) polite tekubi wrist tencho manager (in shop) te ni iremasu to get, to fetch tenimots baggage; hand lug-

gage left luggage (office), baggage checkroom tenimotsu-uketori-jo baggage claim tenjikan pavilion tenki weather Tenno-Heika Emperor of Japan tenrankai exhibition tenso-saki forwarding
tenimotsu-azukari-jo

Kleenex with, accompanying; and; door (of house: Japanese-style) -to metropolis to pagoda; ten tobimasu to fly tochaku arrival tochaku shimasu to arrive, to get in todana cupboard toi far toire toilet, rest room tojiki crockery tojikomemasu to lock in tojoken boarding pass toku (no) distant toka tenth tokei clock, watch toki pottery tokidoki sometimes tokkyu super express train toku ni especially tokonoma alcove tokoro place; someones house toko-ya barbers Tokyowan Tokyo Bay tomarimasu to stop; to stay tomei (no) clear tomemasu to switch off (engine)
to

207

ABCDEFGHIJKLTo

tomodachi friend tonneru tunnel toranku boot (of car), (U S)

trunk
torena sweatshirt tori bird tori street toridashimasu to get

tsuki moon tsukiatari end of a road tsukimasu to arrive tsukurimasu to make tsuma wife (ones own) tsumaranai dull, uninterest-

208

Japanese English

ing out, to
tsumasaki toe tsume nail (finger) tsumetai cold -tsu classifier for letters tsua tour tsuika-ryokin supplement,

take out
torihiki deal (business) torikaemasu to change, to

replace
torikeshimasu to cancel torimasu to take, to accept torokubango registration

extra charge
tsuin twin room tsui ni eventually tsuitach first tsuite no about, concerning tsujite imasu to lead tsurete ikimasu to take, to

number, license number

toshi age; city; year toshi o totta old (person) totemo quite; very, extreme-

ABCDEFGHIJKLTo

ly; so; a lot

totemo oishi

delicious, excel-

lead
tsurogawa no seki aisle tsuyadashi polish tsuyaku interpreter tsuyu rainy season tsuyoi strong

lent
totsuzen ni suddenly totte handle totte through totte okimasu to keep toyo(no) Oriental, Eastern tozan mountaineering tsugi (no) next sono tsugi no hi the day after tsugono i convenient (time) tsukaeta stuck tsukaimasu to use tsukamaemasu to fetch; to

seat

U
ubaguruma buggy uchi home uchimasho deal sore de te o uchimasho

its a

catch
tsukaremashita Im tired tsukareta tired tsukemasu to switch on (T V, lights)

deal ude arm

udedokei wristwatch ue upstairs; above no ue ni on top of

...

ue ni up ugokashimasu to move uketorimasu to accept uketsuke reception desk uketsuke de at reception uketsuke-gakari receptionist uketsukemasu to accept ukezara saucer uma horse umi sea umibe shore un luck untemmenkyosho driving

wakarimasu to understand wakarimasu ka? do you

Japanese English

understand?
wakarimasen

I dont under-

stand
wakimichi side street wan bay waraimasu to laugh waribiki discount warikan going Dutch warui bad; ill waruku badly washi paper wasuremasu to forget watakushi (ga) I (pol) watakushi no my; mine (pol) watakushi o me (pol) watakushi wa I (pol) watashi (ga) I watashi mo me too watashi mo so desu so am I,

licence
unten shimasu to drive untenshu driver unyoku fortunately ura back ureshi happy, glad uridashi-chu for sale urimasu to sell uru wool urusai noisy urusai! shut up! ushiro ni at the back uso o tsukimasu to lie, to

ABCDEFGHIJKLYa

so do I
watashi no my; mine watashi no desu its mine watashi o me watashi wa I watashi wa desu I am watashitachi (ga) we watashitachi no our; ours watashitachi o us watashitachi wa we waza to deliberately winka indicator

tell untruth usu- pale (colour) usui weak; thin; light, pale uta song utaimasu to sing utsukushi beautiful

W
wa subject particle wafu Japanese-style wakai young

Y
yakan kettle yakedo burn

209

yakedo shimasu to burn yakkai-goto trouble yakkyoku pharmacy yaku ni tatsu helpful; useful yakuso herbs (medicinal) yakyu baseball yama mountain yamagoya cabin (in mountains) yamete kudasai! stop it! yane roof yao-ya greengrocers yasai vegetables yasashi easy yaseta thin, skinny yasui cheap, inexpensive;

yon-ju forty yopparatta drunk yorimasu: bai ni yorimas

210

Japanese English

low
yasumi holiday, vacation yattsu eight yawarakai soft yoake dawn yofu(no) Western-style yofuku clothes (W estern) yogore dirt yogoreta polluted yoi ga dekita ready yoku often yoka eighth yokatta! good! yokubari (na) greedy yokka fourth yoku kireru sharp yoko side yoko ni narimasu to lie down yokuso bath, bathtub yom-bun no ichi quarter yomimasu to read yomoku foreign cigarettes yon four yon-hyaku four hundred

it depends yorimo than yoru night yoshi form, document yoshinasai! dont do that! yotei schedule yottsu four yowai weak yoyaku reservation; appointment yoyaku shimasu to book, to reserve yube last night yubi finger yubimbango postcode, zip code yubin post, mail yubi-ningyo puppet yubinkyoku post office
yubinkyoku no honkyoku

ABCDEFGHIJKLYa

main post office

yubiwa ring (on finger) yudoku (na) poisonous yuen four-star petrol yuenchi fair, funfair yugata evening yuka floor (of room) yukata cotton dressing gown yuki snow yukkuri slowly yuko(na) valid (ticket etc) yumei (na) famous yurui loose yushoku evening meal yusoshimasu to post, to mail yuttari shita comfortable

Japanese English

Z
zabuton floor zannen (des)!

cushion what a shame!, its a pity! zasshi magazine zeikan Customs zeitaku (na) luxurious zembu the whole lot, all of them sore zembu all of it zembu de altogether Zen-dera Zen temple zenkai last time zensai starter, appetizer Zen-so Zen priest Zen-tei Zen garden zenzen not in the least zettai chigaimasu! certainly not! zo statue zubon trousers, (U S) pants zutsu headache zutto much, a lot more

211

ABCDEFGHIJKLZu

Japanese English
Signs and Notices

214

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

Contents
General Signs ....................................................................215 Airport, Planes ..................................................................215 Banks, Money....................................................................216 Bus Travel ..........................................................................216 Countries, Nationalities ....................................................217 Customs ............................................................................218 Days ..................................................................................218 Emergencies ......................................................................218 Entertainment ..................................................................219 Ferry, Boat Services ..........................................................220 Forms ................................................................................220 Garages..............................................................................220 Geographical Terms ..........................................................221 Hairdressers, Beauty Salon ................................................221 Health ..............................................................................222 Hiring, Renting ................................................................222 Hotels................................................................................222 Japanese Culture and Festivals............................................223 Lifts (Elevators)..................................................................223 Medicines ..........................................................................224 Months..............................................................................224 Notices on Doors..............................................................224 Phones ..............................................................................225 Place Names......................................................................225 Post Office ........................................................................226 Public Holidays ................................................................226 Restaurants, Cafs and Bars ..............................................227 Road Signs ........................................................................228 Shopping ..........................................................................228 Streets and Roads ..............................................................230 Taxis ..................................................................................230 Timetables ........................................................................231 Toilets................................................................................231 Train Types ........................................................................231 Train and Underground Travel ..........................................232 Youth Hostels ....................................................................233

General Signs
!" otona adult #$ kodomo child %& kiken danger '() nomimizu drinking *+,-./
okotowari forbidden 01 annai information

gh

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

shuppatsu

ijk ikisaki destination lmnop iki bound qr keiyu via stu tojoguchi boarding vwx tojoken boarding pass yz{ geto gate |} higashi-guchi east exit ~
(or entrance)
kita-guchi north

departure(s)

for

water

gate

23456789: ;<= shibafu ni

hairanaide kudasai keep

off

exit

>?@ABC

the grass

(or entrance)

tachiirikinshi keep out DEF kinryoku no fishing GH kinen no smoking IJ kosho out of order KL gomi litter MNOPQR gomi steruna no litter STUV odanhodo

minami-guchi south exit (or entrance) nishi-guchi west exit (or entrance) koku airline kokuken airline ticket Zen-Nikku All Nippon Airways

!"# $%&

kokunai-sen kokusai-sen Nihon-Koku

pedestrian crossing WXY shizukani quiet, please

domestic airlines international airlines

'()*

Airport, Planes
Z[ kuko airport \]^_ kuko-basu `ab kokubin flight cd bimmei flight number ef tochaku arrival(s)
airport bus

Japan Airlines +, yoyaku reservations -. annai information

/01

annai-gakari

234567
tenimotsu-uketori-jo baggage

information desk

claim

215

89:;<= >?@
check-in free shop

chekku-in

muryo no charge shohi-zei VAT, (US) en yen yen doru dollar pondo pound
sterling consumption tax

216

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

menzei-ten duty-

Banks, Money
AB ginko bank CDEFGHIJ
gaikoku-kawase-konin-ginko

Bus Travel
basu bus !"# basu-tei bus stop $%&'( basu-noriba )*+,-./ 01234 567
bus for
basu-taminaru bus terminal iki bound shi-basu municipal toei-basu kippu-uriba basu-senta bus

authorized foreign exchange bank KLM ryogaejo bureau de change, foreign exchange

station

NOPQ

gaikoku-kawase

RS madoguchi counter TUVWX kawase-reto

exchange rate YZ furikae transfer

foreign exchange

bus boarding point

[\]^

kawase-tegata

_`abcdefg h traberazu-chekku ijklmnop qrst uvwx

kurejitto-kado credit card kado-ka credit kozabango

bankers draft

89:;
ticket office

travellers cheque

<=>?@

municipal bus (in Tokyo)

AB kippu ticket CDE kaisuken book of FGH

fares tickets
unchin-hyo table

cards accepted

of

account number yz koza bank account {| ryokin fee }~ yuryo fee charged

IJ yuko valid KLMNOPQ

josha wa mae tobira kara enter at

RSTUVWX
rear door

front door

kosha

Yoroppa

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

wa ushiro tobira kara exit

at

French

Europe; European
Fransu France;

YZ[ unchim-bako fare box \]^ ryokin-bako fare box _` kaiso out of service abcd tsugi-wa-teisha efg
stopping at the next stop seisanjo excess fare office

Futsu France; French Doitsu Germany; Doku Germany; German Indo India; Indian Itaria Italy; ! Nichi Japan; Japanese "# Nihon Japan; Japanese $%&'( Mareshia )*+,-./0
Malaysia; Malay
Nyu-Jirando New Zealand Kita-Chosen North Norue

German

Italian

Countries, Nationalities
hijk
Amerika

lmnopqr
Osutoraria Australia;

America;American

123

45678 =>?@A

Korea; North Korean

Australian s Ei Britain; British; England; English tu Eikoku Britain; British; England; English vwx Kanada Canada; Canadian yz Chugoku China; Chinese

Norway; Norwegian 9:;< -jin person

Firipin

{|}~

Demmaku

Philippines; Filipina BCD Roshia Russia; Russian EF Kankoku South Korea; South Korean GHIJ Spein Spain; Spanish

Denmark; Danish
Oranda

KLMNOP

Sueden

Holland; Dutch
Igirisu England; English; Britain; British

Sweden; Swedish Q Bei USA RS Beikoku USA

217

Customs
TU zeikan Customs VWXY zeikan-shinsa Z[\]^
Customs check
zeikan-kokuchi-sho Customs

Thursday
Kinyobi Friday Doyobi Saturday Nichiyobi Sunday

218

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

Emergencies
!"#
kyukyu-sha

_`abcd ef

declaration form

zeikan-

shinkoku-yoshi Customs

declaration form shukkoku departure from a country gh nyukoku entry into a country

ambulance 119 ' hyaku-ju-kyu-ban ambulance; fire brigade () byoin hospital

*+,first aid

kyukyu-byoin okyu-teate

ijklm nopq
foreigners landing card

./012 345
aid box

emergency hospital
kyukyu-bako firstkyukyu-setto

nyukoku-kado entry

card,

nyukoku-shinsa

6789:

rst gaikoku-jin uvwxy

shutsunyukoku-kanri

entry examination

first-aid kit, emergency kit 110 > hyaku-to-ban police ?@ keisats police

ABCDE FGH IJK LMN OPQ

brigade fire alarm

kasai-hochiki

z{| }~

immigration
Nihon-jin Japanese

shobosho fire shokaki fire hinanguchi hijoguchi

nationals
keneki quarantine

extinguisher emergency exit

Days

Getsuyobi Monday Kayobi Tuesday Suiyobi Wednesday Mokuyobi

emergency exit RS kosho breakdown

TUVWXY

hijoyobidashi emergency call

Z[\]

hijo-denwa

emergency telephone

&' manin full ( geki play, drama )*+ jidai-geki historical ,-./ 0123 4567
play or film
Teikoku-Gekijo Kabuki-za Kokuritsu-Gekijo

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

Entertainment
^_`
eigakan cinema,

Imperial Theatre kabuki theatre

ab eiga film, movie cdef seijin-eiga adult ghijklm no yoga Western film pq jimaku subtitles rstuvw rodosho xyz
special release
joei-chu now kaijo-jikan animeshon cartoon

movie theater

film

{|}~
booking

showing

National Theatre 89 Bunraku traditional puppet theatre : N o Noh play <= Kyogen traditional comic drama >?@ Kabuki traditional drama from the Edo period ABCD disuko disco

EFGHIJ KLMNOP QRST

bar

opening time
maeuri-ken advance

naito-kurabu nightclub hosutesu-ba hostess bar karaoke karaoke miseinen-

gekijo theatre kippu ticket kippu-uriba

ticket office, box office seki seat zaseki seat

UVWXYZ
okotowari minors

not

!"# $%
seat

[\]^_`ab
miseinensha-nyujo-muko

admitted

zaseki-bango

seat number
shiteiseki reserved shitei-ken reserved

cdef pachinko pinball ghijklm gemunopqrstuv

takisshu basu Turkish senta amusement

minors not admitted

arcade

seat ticket
manseki all

seats taken

bath

219

Ferry, Boat Services

wxyz{ |}~
service lifeboat
kyumei-boto feri ferry; ferry

5678

ryoken-bango

220

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

9:;<=>?@
gaikokujin-toroku-shomeisho foreign

passport number

hydrofoil

hobakurafuto hovercraft suichu-yokusen

ABCDE FGHIJ KLMN

departure

residents ID card, alien registration card

mibun-shomeisho ID card shuppatsuyoteibi intended date of taizai-nissu

Forms
yoshi form anketo borupen de
gokinyu kudasai write in shimei full name onamae name jusho address taizaijusho

OP hakusu length of visit QRST

honichi-mokuteki purpose

length of stay

questionnaire

of

ink

UVW XYZ

visit

go-shome signature sain signature

Garages
[\]^_`ab
gasorin-sutando petrol station, (US) gas station cdef gasorin petrol, (US) gas gh sekiyu petrol, (US) gas ij keiyu diesel klmn hai-oku high octane opqr supa super, premium

!"#
address

address during stay

renrakusaki contact

$% nenrei age &'() seinen-gappi *+ kokuseki nationality ,- shokugyo occupation ./01234

pasupoto-bango passport

date of birth

number

stuvw

regyura

xyz oiru oil {| toyu paraffin, kerosene }~ jidosha sensha car wash ryokin fee, charge yuryo fee, charge muryotenken muryo no charge tenken
chekku tyre sabisu service taiyaseibi-kojo auto

regular unleaded

repairs

free inspection

0 umi sea 12 chojo summit 3 tani valley 45 kazan volcano 6 taki waterfall 7 shi town, city 8 mura village 9 ken prefecture : higashi east ; kita north <= chiho region, area > minami south ? nishi west @A Kansai Kansai Region BC
(Osaka etc)
Kanto Kanto

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

check, (US) tire

mizu water eya air

check

Region

(Tokyo etc)

Geographical Terms
! misaki cape, promontory " kuni country # mori forest $% onsen hot spring & shima island ' mizumi lake () chizu map * yama mountain +, sammyaku mountain -. hanto peninsula / kawa river
range

Hairdressers, Beauty Salon

DEF
biyoin hairdressers,

GH tokoya barbers shop IJK rihatsuten barbers LMNOPQRST UVWXYZ

blow dry
byuti-saron beauty

beauty salon

shop

salon
buro-dorai

[\] katto cut ^_ chohatsu cut !"#$%&

heya-sutairu hairstyle

221

'()*+ heya-setto set ,-./0123

shampu-set-to shampoo

nopq rstu
to let

kashibeya room jikan-gashi

222

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

and

45 sempatsu wash 6789: manikyua ;<=>?

massage manicure
massaji

set

vw atama-kin deposit xyz tetsukekin deposit {|}~ kyori-barai

payment by distance
jikan-barai

hourly rental

Health
@A isha doctor BCD haisha dentist EF in (small) hospital GH byoin hospital IJK shinryojo clinic LMN hokenjo public OP shinryo consultation QRST shinryo-jikan
consultation hours health centre

rentaru-sabisu rental service ni-di-ke two rooms

payment by the hour

and dining kitchen

Hotels
hoteru hotel minshuku guesthouse
bijinesu-hoteru business

kapuseru- hoteru capsule

hotel

Hiring, Renting
UVWXY Z[\]^ _`abc defgh ijklm
rental car rental boat hire bicycle hire
kashi- kashi-jitensha kashi-boto kashi-jidosha rentaka car

hire, rental

ryokan traditional inn !"# kaikei-gakari cashier $%&' furonto () uketsuke reception *+, robi lobby -./0123 4 5 6 7
Nihon-Kotsu-Kosha Japan

hotel

reception

Travel Bureau 89 dantai group

:; <= >? @A
room

yoyaku reservations heya room washitsu Japaneseyoshitsu Western-style

xy

style room

BC reibo air-conditioning DEF ofuro bath GHIJKLMN OP shokudo dining room QRS inryosui drinking TUV
water water
nomimizu drinking kuriningu dainingu-rumu dining

room

sumo traditional Japanese wrestling z{ Shogatsu New Year |} Setsubun BeanThrowing Festival (3 February) ~ Hina-matsuri Girls Festival, Doll Festival (3 March) Hanami Cherry Blossom Viewing

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

Hana-matsuri

WXYZ[\
dry-cleaning

]^ dambo heating _` onsen hot spring abcd raunji lounge efghijk lm denwa telephone nopqr jido-hambaiki
vending machine
rumu-sabisu room

Buddhas Birthday (8 April) Tanabata Star Festival (7 July) Obon Bon Festival, Buddhist festival celebrated in summer

!"#

Shichigosan

service

$%&'( )*+
gallery Christmas

Festival for 3, 5 and 7 year olds (15 November)

Kurisumasu

bijutsukan art

,-. hakbutsukan /0 onsen hot spring 123 ofuro public bath

museum

Japanese Culture and Festivals (see also

Public Holidays)

Lifts (Elevators)
456789
erebeta

st jin temple u tera temple vw jinja shrine

lift, elevator : -kai floor, storey

223

;< =>

chikai basement ikkai ground floor,

vwx

aspirin

224

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

chintsu-zai

(US) first floor ?@ nikai first floor, (US) second floor AB tein capacity CD manin full E hei close F kai open G ue up H shita down

yz{|}~
hi-pirin-kei-chintsu-zai

painkiller

!"#$%&'
sekidome-doroppu throat

paracetamol

lozenges

IJKL

hijoteishi hijodenwa

Months
() Ichigatsu January *+ Nigatsu February ,- Sangatsu March ./ Shigatsu April 01 Gogatsu May 23 Rokgatsu June 45 Shichigatsu July 67 Hachigatsu August 89 Kugatsu September :; Jugatsu October <=> Juichigatsu ?@A
November
Junigatsu

MNOP QR

emergency stop emergency telephone kosho out of order

Medicines
STUVWX ichinichi YZ[\]^
day
jo

tablets a day times a

ichinichi -kai

_` shokugo after meals abc shushinzen before de shokuzen before meals fg shokkan between meals hijk fukuyohoho
directions for oral use lm tekiryo dosage n saji spoonful(s) op jozai tablets going to bed

December

Notices on Doors
BC iriguchi entrance, way in DE deguchi exit, way out FGHI jido-doa JK LM
automatic door hiku pull osu push

qrstu

asupirin

NOP eigyochu open QR hiraku to open S kai open T hei closed UVW tojiru to close, to shut XY kyujitsu closed Z[\ eigyochu open for ]^_`
business
nenju-mukyu Getsu-yo-

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

Phones
denwa phone koshudenwa
denwa-bokksu phone booth KokusaiDenshin-Denwa Overseas

public phone

abcde fghij
yasumi closed teikyubi closed

open all year round on Mondays

nichi-saijitsu-

Telecommunications Service

klmn opq
holidays

on Sundays and National Holidays

honjitsu-kyugyo

closed today
teikyubi closed hijodeguchi

for

denwadai call charge tsuwaryo call charge kokanshu operator denwacho directory naisen extension denwabango
local call phone number
kokusai-denwa shinai-denwa

terehon-kado phonecard

rstu vwx yz{

emergency exit
hijoguchi hinanguchi kaiho-genkin nyujo

international call

emergency exit emergency exit keep closed

!"#$%

|}~

chokyoridenwa long-distance call &'() shigai-denwa

okotowari no

*+,-.
fax machine

out-of-town call
fakkusu fax;

kankeisha igai no
tachiiri-kinshi no

admittance

admittance for unauthorized personnel entry

tachiiri kinshi no

Place Names
/0 Hakone 12 Hiroshima 345 Hokkaido
225

67 Honshu 89 Ise :; Kamakura <= Kobe >? Kyoto @A Kyushu BC Nagasaki DEF Nagoya GH Nara IJ Nikko KL Osaka MN Shikoku OP Tokyo QR Yokohama

no jusho address pq atena addressee rst insatsubutsu

printed matter tomeoki poste restante, general delivery wx kawase money order yz chiho out of town

mail, overland mail

226

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

uv

{|}~

gaikoku-muke

overseas mail
tokunai to tafuken to

other other

parts of Toyko

prefectures

Post Office
STU yubinkyoku post
office
yubinkyoku no maku

Public Holidays

Day
shukujitsu public

symbol for Japanese post office VW madoguchi counter XY kitte stamp Z[ tegami letter \] kozutsumi parcel, package

Ganjitsu New Years

Sejin-no-hi

holiday

Coming-of-Age Day (2nd Monday in January)

^_`a

koku-shokan

bcd kokubin airmail ef sokutatsu express mail gh kakitome registered ij funabin sea mail klm sarubin surface
mail

aerogramme

kenkokukinembi National Foundation Day (11 February) shum-bunno-hi

Day (3 May)

Vernal Equinox
midori-no-hi

The Greenery Day (29 April)

kempokinembi Constitution

!"#$

kodomo-no-hi

Boys Festival, Childrens Day (5 May) %&' Sea Day (20 July)

STUV

restaurant

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

chuka-ryori

()*+ ,-./ 0123 4567

keiro-no-hi

Respect the Aged Day (15 September)

shubunno-hi taiiku-no-hi

Autumnal Equinox

Sports Day (2nd Monday in October)

bunka-no-hi

Chinese restaurant WXY tempura restaurant specializing in deep-fried food Z[\] koryori-ya small restaurant usually serving local dishes ^_ meshi-ya small local restaurant `ab sushi-dokoro sushi restaurant

89:;<=

Culture Day (3 November)

cdefg shojin-ryori-ya hij

vegetarian restaurant
shokji-dokoro very small local restaurant klm eigyo-chu meals being served no teishoku set meal pq soba noodles rstu ramen Chinese noodles vwx okaikei cashier yz{ kissaten coffee shop

kinrokansha-no-hi Labour Thanksgiving Day (23 November) >?@AB Tenno-tanjobi The Emperors Birthday (23 December)

Restaurants, Cafs and Bars

CD shokudo restaurant EFG ryori-ya restaurant HIJKL restoran MN OP QR
restaurant
kappo upmarket ryotei upmarket washoku Japanese

|}~
snackbar snackbar

keishoku-kissa

coffee shop serving light meals keishoku snackbar

snakku snakkuba

restaurant restaurant

ba bar izaka-ya bar,

serving local cuisine

227

nomi-ya bar, serving food, often from a mobile stall

'()

228

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

mawari-michi kosokudoro

*+,./
road expressway

diversion, detour

Road Signs

stopping right turn no left turn
usetsu-kinshi no teisha-kinshi no tsuko-kinshi no tsuko-dome no sasetsu-kinshi

0123

kokudo national motorway/highway yuryodoro toll

45 ryokin fee 67 yuryo fee charged 89 muryo no charge :;< kosaten junction, =>
intersection
honsen lane for through traffic ?@ fumikiri level crossing, railroad crossing ABC chushajo car park, parking lot

through traffic

spido o otose reduce speed saiko-sokudo

through traffic

maximum speed
dorokoji road

DEFGH
parking area

hijochusha-tai emergency ichiji-azukari

koji-chu road works kyukabu sharp joko slow ittan-teishi stop ittan-teisha stop tomare stop
kono saki hyaku-metoru 100

under construction

IJKLM NOPQ RS
no parking

short-term parking
chusha-kinshi

bend

mansha car park/ parking lot full

Shopping
TUVW XYZ[
-ya -ten

!" #$ %&

metres ahead jiko accident chui caution kiken danger

shop/store shop/store

\] reji cash desk, cashier ^_ kaikei cashier `ab okanjo pay here cdef kottohin-ten ghijklm
antique shop, curiosity shop
odioseihin audio and hi-fi equipment nop pan-ya bakers qr hon-ya bookshop, bookstore st shoten bookshop, bookstore uv niku-ya butchers wxyz keki-ya cake shop

sakana-ya fishmonger hana-ya florist shokuhin food kudamono-ya fruit yao-ya greengrocers shokuryohin-ten
grocers
kanamono-ya

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

shop

hardware store kimono kimonos baiten kiosk

daidokoro-yohin

{|}~

department

kitchen goods

kamera-ya

fujinfuku(-uriba) ladies wear

kodomofuku(-uriba)

camera shop

!"#$%&'(
koin-randori launderette,

childrens wear toki china

china shop

setomono-ya

)* ichiba market +,-./01

shinshifuku(-uriba) menswear

laundromat

kissaten coffee shop okashi-ya

confectioners, candy store keshohin cosmetics

23

department
saka-ya off-licence,

456789 :; kosui perfumery <= kusuri-ya pharmacy >? yakkyoku pharmacy @AB shashin-ya CDEFG
photography shop
rekodo-ten megane(-ten) optician

liquor store

depato

kuriningu-ten dry cleaners denki-seihin

department store

electrical goods
denki-ya electrical

goods shop

record shop, music store

229

HIJ MNO

furuhon-ya secondhand bookshop/bookstore KL kutsu-ya shoe shop miyage-ten

uridashi year-end sale ochugen mid-

230

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

-kai floor okjo roof

esukareta escalator

summer presents

PQRSTUV
spotsu-yohin-ten sports

souvenir shop

WXYZ

shop

bumbogu-ya

[\]^ supa supermarket _`abcd omochaefghi jklmn

ryokodairi-ten travel agency opqr ryokogaisha uriba toy

stationery shop

Streets and Roads

rosen lane doro road kansen-doro
arterial road, trunk road
kosoku-doro oikoshi-sen

department
omocha-ya

toy shop

stuv

travel agency
shitagi-uriba

motorway, highway

wxyz{|}~ ote o furenaide

kudasai please do not touch bagen bargains ouridashi

underwear department

lane for overtaking hiroba square

Taxis
takushi taxi kojin
takushi mini-cab takushi-noriba taxi

seru sale
price
seru-jisshi-chu sale

bargains, sale

now on

kusha for hire, free !"#$%& '()*+,-.

yakan-warimashi-ryokin lateryokin-meta fare

rank

tokubetsu-kakaku special

meter

oseibo year-end gifts saimatsu-

night fare

/0 kaiso out of service 1234 jido-doa

automatic door

Timetables
567
schedule
jikokhyo timetable,

toilet, mens room fujin-yo ladies toilet, ladies room l otoko men m onna women

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

ijk

nop

shiyo-chu

89 tochak arrival :; shuppats departure <= hassha departure >? homen direction @AB ikisaki destination CD noriba boarding EFGHI
for platform/track
iki bound

occupied, engaged q aki vacant

Train Types
rs densha train tu ressha train vwx shinkansen bullet yz kyuko express {|} hikari fastest bullet ~
train
futsu local slow train stopping at all stations junkyu semi-express kodama slower bullet train

train

JK keiyu via LMNO sen line

Toilets
PQRS TUV
public toilet
keshoshits toilet, otearai toilet(s), koshu benjo

tokbets-kyuko

WXYZ
rest room(s)

rest room

[\] toire toilet, rest room ^_ benjo toilet, rest room `ab danshi-yo gents
toilet, mens room joshi-yo ladies toilet, ladies room fgh shinshi-yo gents

super express with limited stops only tokkyu super express with limited stops only

gurin-sha

green car (first class)

cde

231

Train and Underground Travel

tetsdo railway, railroad shitets private railway eki station -ken ticket kipp ticket kaisuken book of
ticket tickets
teiki-ken season maeuri-ken advance

)* kodomo child +, dantai group -. kojin individual /01 kaisats-guchi ticket 234 567
track ticket barrier
nyujoken platform hom platform, (US) -bansen

232

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

89:;<

platform , (US) track => zaseki seat ? seki seat @A yuko valid BC muko not valid

yoyak reservations shiteiseki

seat
(-ken) reserved seat (ticket) jiyuseki unreserved

sale tickets

DEFGHIJK

LMNOPQ
zento-muko after

-en-kukan-yuki for destinations within the yen zone (eg 200-yen zone) gesha-

kipp-uriba ticket
office; ticket vending machine madoguchi ticket window
shussats-guchi

RSTUVWXY

alighting, not valid for further travel

hatsbai-tojits-kagiri-yuko

!"# $%& '(

fares charges window

ticket window

midori no madoguchi first-class ticket ryokinhyo table unchinhyo table

of of

valid only on day of purchase Z[\ seisanjo excess fare office ]^ tochak arrival(s) _` hassha departure(s) ab shuppats departure(s)

cdefg jklmn

norikae-guchi

this way for changing trains hi shasho conductor

-go-sha

otona adult

opq
car

carriage
shokdo-sha dining

Japanese English: Signs and Notices

Youth Hostels
daidokoro kitchen kitchin kitchen
koin-randori launderette, yus-hosteru youth

rs manin full tu kaiso out of service vw nimots luggage, baggage xyz{|}~ koin
ichiji-azkari-jo left rokka coin-operated

hostel

locker

toriatskai-jo lost

luggage office, baggage checkroom

ishitsbuts-

baiten shop shawa shower

laundromat

property office, lost and found

owasure-mono

lost property, lost and found

machiai-shits

waiting room chizu map

hidarigawa-tsuko
keep to the left
migigawa-tsuko

keep to the right

higashi-guchi east kita-guchi north

exit

(or entrance) exit (or entrance)

minami-guchi south exit (or entrance) nishi-guchi west exit (or entrance)

chikatets

underground, (US) subway

233

Menu Reader: Food

Contents
Essential Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Basic Foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Basic Preparation and Cooking Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Basic Set Meals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Bean Curd Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Beef and Beef Dishes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Biscuits, Cakes, Crackers and Sweets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Chicken, Poultry etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Chinese Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Condiments, Herbs, Spices and Pickles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Desserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Eggs and Egg Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Fish Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Fruit, Nuts and Seeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Lunch Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Meat and Meat Dishes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Menu Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Noodles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Pork and Pork Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Rice and Rice Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Salads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Snacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Soups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Starters and Appetizers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Sushi Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

237

Menu Reader: Food

ABCDEFGHIJKL

238

Menu Reader: Food

Essential Terms
bowl chawan !" chopsticks hashi #$ cup kapp %&' dessert dezato ()*+ fork fok ,-./ fried rice chahan 01234 glass kopp 567 knife naif 89: menu menyu ;<=> noodles menrui ?@A plate sara BC rice (boiled) gohan DEF soup sup GHI soy sauce shoyu JKLM spoon spun NOPQ table teburu RSTU excuse me!

chotto sumimasen!

VWXYZ[\]^_
could I have the bill, please?

okanjo o onegai shimas

`abcdefghi

Menu Reader: Food

Basic Foods
jk pan bread lmn bata butter op miso fermented qrstu
ketchup soybean paste
kechappu

Basic Set Meals

12
teishoku set meal with rice, soup, pickles and main dish of meat or fish higawaritempurateishoku set

34567
teishoku set

v abura oil wxyz kosho pepper {| shio salt }~ shoyu soy sauce sato sugar

89:;<= >?@AB CDEF GHIJ

teishoku set teishoku set teishoku set

meal of the day

meal with deep-fried prawns

unagi-

meal with eel

yakizakana-

meal with fried

yakiniku-

Basic Preparation and Cooking Methods

babekyu shita barbecued yudeta boiled donabe de nita casseroled nita cooked ageta deep-fried hoshita dried yaita grilled tsuketa pickled rosto shita roast !"# mushita steamed $%&' nikonda stewed ()* itameta stir-fried

fish

KLMNOP QRST
fish
teishoku set teishoku set

meal with grilled meat

tonkatsu-

ABCDEFGHIJKL

meal with pork

sashimi-

meal with raw

Bean Curd Dishes

UV tofu bean curd WXY abura-age deepZ[
fried bean curd dengaku grilled bean curd on a wooden skewer

+,-./0

tsumemono shita stuffed

239

240

Menu Reader: Food

Beef and Beef Dishes

\] gyuniku beef ^_` bifu beef abcd sukiyaki beef and efgh
vegetables cooked with soy sauce in a pot at the table
teppanyaki

Biscuits, Cakes, Crackers and Sweets

cookies
bisuketto

biscuits, cookies
kukki biscuits,

ijklmno
gyushogayaki beef

beef and vegetables grilled at the table

keki cake wata-ame !"#$%& '()

chocolate
okashi

candy floss, cotton candy

chizu-keki chokoreto

pqrst

cooked in soy sauce with ginger

gyuteriyaki

cheesecake

beef cooked in soy sauce and sake uvwx bifuteki beef steak yz yakiniku fried beef marinated in soy sauce

*+,-./0 12345
doughnut
shukurimu cream puff donattsu

confectionery

{|}~
bifu roast

rosto-

saroin sirloin
shabushabu sliced beef with vegetables boiled at the table steki steak

beef

6789 ekurea clair :;< wagashi Japanesestyle confectionery okoshi popped rice confectionery @ABC zenzai rice cake with sweet bean sauce DE mochi rice cakes

=>?

FGHIJ

shio-sembei

rice crackers flavoured with salt KLMN sembei rice crackers flavoured with soy

OPQRS

sauce

manju rice-

shchimencho

Menu Reader: Food

turkey

flour cakes with sweet bean paste TUVW yokan soft, sweet bean paste

Chinese Food

Chuka-ryori

XYZ[\]^
keki sponge

shoto-

Chinese-style cuisine

cake with fresh cream and strawberries _`ab kasutera sponge cake cdef oshiruko sweet bean soup with rice cake

ghij

kuzumochi

triangles of arrowroot jelly in brown sugar syrup klm monaka wafers filled with sweet bean paste

Chicken, Poultry etc

no toriniku chicken pqr tori-ryori poultry stuv
dishes
yakitori

mabodofu bean curd in spicy sauce kanitama crab omelette kara-age deepfried pieces of pork or chicken harumaki deepfried spring rolls gyoza fried dumplings stuffed with minced pork happosai fried pork with vegetables !"#$% chahan fried rice

ABCDEFGHIJKL

&'() *+,
meatballs

yasai-itame

fried vegetables
nikudango yakisoba

barbecued chicken on a skewer wxy sasami breast z{|} gacho goose ~ kiji pheasant uzura quail

-./0

noodles fried in a wok 1234 ramen noodles in bouillon

56789:;<
chashumen noodles in bouillon with slices of pork

chikin roast

rosto-

chicken

241

=>?@AB
ramen noodles

miso-

rstuvw xy shio salt !"#$ shoyu soy sauce %&'()*+

tonkatsu-sosu thick doresshingu salad

242

Menu Reader: Food

in bouillon with fermented soybean paste CDEF tammen noodles in bouillon with vegetables

dressing

GHIJKL

sweet

MNOPQ

wantammen pork dumplings, served in bouillon with noodles shumai

fruity sauce , su vinegar

-./0

takuan yellow

radish pickles

steamed pork meatballs in thin pastry RST subuta sweet and sour pork

Desserts
1234 dezato desserts 56789: appuru;<=>?@ABC DEFG chokoreto-aisuHIJKLMNOP
chokoreto-musu chocolate kurimu chocolate pai apple

pie

Condiments, Herbs, Spices and Pickles

UVW
umeboshi dried,

ice cream

pickled sour Japanese plums XY natto fermented soybeans Z[\] shoga ginger ^_` mitsuba Japanese coriander ab shiso Japanese basil

QRSTUVWXY Z chokoreto-sande [\]^_`a

chocolate sundae
kohizeri coffee-flavoured jelly bcde kurepu crepe fgh uji-gori crushed ice

mousse

cdefg
mayonnaise

mayonezu

ijkl mnop

with green tea syrup

uji-kintoki

hij karashi mustard klm paseri parsley nopq kosho pepper

crushed ice with green tea syrup and sweet bean paste
kori-remon

crushed ice with lemon

qrst uvwx yz{|

syrup

kori-meron

crushed ice with melon syrup

kori-ichigo

./0123456 7 storoberi-sande 89:

strawberry sundae purin caramel custard

kurimu strawberry

ice cream

Menu Reader: Food

crushed ice with strawberry syrup

kori-azki

;<=>?@ABC D banira-aisu-kurimu EFGHI

yoghurt vanilla ice cream
yoguruto frutsu-

}~
sarada fruit

crushed ice with sweet bean paste cocktail, fruit

frutsu-

zeri fruit

salad

jelly
mitsumame

Eggs and Egg Dishes

J tamago egg KLM kanitama crab NOPQR STUVW XYZ[
omelette fried egg omelette
medama-yaki yude-tamago

gelatin cubes and sweet bean paste with pieces of fruit

ammitsu

ABCDEFGHIJKL

gelatin cubes with sweet bean paste and pieces of fruit

hard-boiled egg
omuretsu tamago-yaki omuraisu

aisukurimu ice cream zeri jelly remon-pai

\]^_` abcde

Japanese-style omelette omelette with rice

sufure lemon

lemon pie

remon-

musu mousse shabetto !"#$%&'() *+,- storoberi-aisusorbet

souffl

fghijk

otoshitamago poached egg lmno chawammushi

pqrst

savoury custard with egg and fish

hanjuku-

243

tamago soft-boiled egg tamagosupu soup with egg {|}~ tamago-dofu

uvwxyz
steamed egg

6789:
king crab

244

Menu Reader: Food

taraba-gani

;<=> dojo loach ?@AB ise-ebi lobster CD saba mackerel EFG chu-toro medium HIJK
monkfish fatty tuna
anko

Fish
awabi abalone akagai ark shell fugu blowfish mirugai boiled
tunny round clams
katsuo bonito,

LMNO muru-gai mussels PQ tako octopus RS kaki oyster TUV samma Pacific WXY
prawns saury
kamasu pike, kuruma-ebi

koi carp hamaguri clams tara cod tarako cod roe anago conger eel shijimi corbicula kani crab karasumi dried unagi eel hirame flatfish !"#$ tobi-uo flying %&'() -./0
fish
kimme-dai

Z[\]^ _`ab

barracuda

nijimasu

mullet roe

rainbow trout cd sashimi raw fish efgh tairagi razor shell ligament ij sake salmon klm ikura salmon roe nop iwashi sardines

qrst

tachi-uo

gold-eyed bream *+, nishin herring

kazunoko

herring roe 12 aji horse mackerel 345 kurage jellyfish

uvwx hotategai scallops yz kai-bashira scallops {|} suzuki sea bass ~ tai sea bream hamo sea eel kisu sea smelt uni sea urchin

scabbard fish

 same shark asari short-necked ebi shrimps, prawns shishamo smelt

sumoku-samon smoked

NOPQR

on rice in a bowl
robata-yaki

Menu Reader: Food

clam

STUVWX
tataki

charcoal-grilled fish and vegetables

aji no

sole

salmon

toro soft, fatty pink belly of tuna shita-birame

chopped raw horse mackerel, mild ginger and herbs YZ[\ tempura deepfried seafood and vegetables

ika squid ayu sweet smelt !"# kajiki swordfish $%& sazae top-shell '() namako trepang *+ masu trout ,-. maguro tuna /01 karei turbot 2345 suppon turtle 67 fuka type of shark 89: kujira whale ;<= shirasu whitebait >? buri yellowtail

]^_`

takoyaki

Fish Dishes
@ABC DEFG HIJ KLM
on rice broiled eel
unaju broiled fugu-ryori kabayaki

dumplings with small pieces of octopus ab nabemono fish and vegetables cooked in a pot at the table cde yosenabe fish and vegetables cooked in a pot at the table fg sashimi raw fish hi sushi raw fish on rice balls jklm fugu-sashi raw sliced blowfish nop tekkadon rice in a bowl topped with slices of raw tuna

ABCDEFGHIJKL

qrst

fugu-chiri

blowfish cuisine

eel eel

unadon broiled

shredded blowfish in vegetable chowder uvw oden vegetables and fish dumplings stewed in a thin soy soup, served hot

245

Fruit, Nuts and Seeds

xyz{ kudamono fruit |}~ frutsu fruit amondo ringo apple banana banana sakurambo !" kuri chestnuts #$%&' kokonattsu ()*+ ,-./
nuts coconut
ichijiku figs ginnan gingko

^_ goma sesame seeds `ab ichigo strawberries cde mikan tangerine fgh kurumi walnuts ijk suika watermelon

246

Menu Reader: Food

almonds

Lunch Boxes
lm bento boxed lunch nopqr makunouchibento boxed lunch with rice, meat and vegetables

cherries

Meat and Meat Dishes (see also beef,

chicken, poultry etc and pork)

01234567 89: budo grapes ;< ume Japanese plum =>? remon lemon @AB meron melon CDEF orenji orange GH momo peach IJKLM pinattsu NO PQ
peanuts
nashi pear kaki persimmon, grepu-frutsu grapefruit

s niku meat tuvw bekon bacon xyz{|} babekyu ~

kyabetsu cabbage

barbecue

roru-

rolls filled with minced meat abaraniku chops

cutlets croquettes

korokke katsuretsu

RSTUVW
painappuru pineapple XYZ sumomo plum [\] zakuro

sharon fruit

kushi-age deepfried meat on skewers hireniku fillet !" ham ham

pomegranate

#$%&'

hambagu

() jinzo kidney *+ ramu lamb ,-. reba liver /01 nikudango meat234 567 89:
sausage filled dumplings
hikiniku minced

hamburger

nopqrs

Menu Reader: Food

Fransuryori French-style cuisine tuvw kudamono fruit xyz{|} Itaria-ryori

Italian-style cuisine
Nihon-ryori kaiseki-ryori

Japanese-style cuisine Japanese haute cuisine

;<=>?

beef, pork or chicken maton mutton honetsuki on the bone

soseji

@ABCDEF
spare ribs

meinkosu main course niku meat kyodo-ryori

ramuno-kushiyaki skewered lamb GHIJK speyarib

LMNOP

teishoku set meal supu soups odoburu !" yasai vegetables #$%& shojin-ryori '()*
vegetarian cuisine
seiyo-ryori

regional specialities

chanko-nabe

starters, appetizers

ABCDEFGHIJKL

thick meat and vegetable stew QR tan tongue ST motsu tripe UVW koushi-niku veal

Western-style cuisine

Menu Terms
XYZ[ menyu menu \ nami cheaper selection ]^_`abcd
honjitsu no osusume-hin

Noodles
+,
soba buckwheat

-./

noodles

efgh

chef s speciality of the day

Chuka-ryori

0123

udon thick noodles made from wheatflour shirataki

Chinese-style cuisine ijkl dezato desserts m jo expensive selection

translucent, thin noodles made from potato flour 4567 somen very

247

89:;

thin wheatflour vermicelli served cold with soy-sauce dipping sauce

yakisoba

jklmn opqrs

vegetables and meat

kare-namban

248

Menu Reader: Food

noodles in curry-flavoured soup with pork or beef

tororo-soba

Chinese noodles fried in a wok <=>? ramen Chinese noodles in bouillon

@ABCDEFG
chashumen Chinese

tuvwxyz{

noodles in fish bouillon garnished with grated yam

HIJKLM

noodles in bouillon with slices of pork

misoramen Chinese noodles in bouillon with fermented soybean paste champon

|}~

tsukimi-soba/udon noodles in fish bouillon with a raw egg kamo-namban

kitsune-soba/udon noodles in fish bouillon with deepfried bean curd tempura-

noodles in fish bouillon with chicken

NOPQR

Chinese noodles in salted bouillon with vegetables STU ten-zaru cold noodles served with deepfried shrimps

soba noodles

VWXY

hiyashi-chuka

okame-soba/udon noodles in fish bouillon with fish dumplings

in fish bouillon with deep-fried shrimps

Z[\]^_`a
zaru-soba/udon cold

cold noodles with slices of meat and vegetables in vinegary sauce

nameko-soba/udon noodles in fish bouillon with Japanese small mushrooms niku-namban

bcde fghi

noodles with sweet soy sauce for dipping

kakitama

noodles and egg in fish soup

gomoku-soba

tanuki-soba/udon noodles

noodles in fish bouillon with pork or beef

noodles in bouillon with

in

!"#$%&'() * ankake-soba/udon
noodles in thick bouillon with fish dumplings and vegetables

fish bouillon with small pieces of deep-fried batter

Menu Reader: Food

Rice and Rice Dishes

YZ[ \]^ _`a bc
on rice
gohan rice raisu rice unaju broiled

eel

Pork and Pork Dishes

+, butaniku pork -./ poku pork 0123 tonkatsu deep456
fried pork cutlets
katsudon

def ghi

dommono bowl of rice with something on top oyakodon

dommono with chicken and egg

katsudon

deep-

dommono with deep-fried breaded pork cutlet jk tendon dommono with deep-fried shrimps

789:;
butaniku shogayaki

fried pork on rice

honetsukibuta-

lm

ABCDEFGHIJKL

tamagodon

<=>?@AB CDEFG HIJKL

pork chop

nop qrs

dommono with soft scrambled eggs and onions

unadon chukadon

pork cooked in soy sauce with ginger

katsukare buta-teriyaki

dommono with broiled eel

pork cutlets with curry pork cooked in soy sauce and sake
rosto-

MNOPQRS TUVWX
poku roast

pork
batayaki

sliced pork (or beef) fried in butter

dommono with pork and vegetables tu gyudon dommono with sliced beef vwxyz chahan fried rice {|}~ onigiri riceballs mochi rice cakes ochazuke rice in tea or fish bouillon kamameshi rice steamed in fish bouillon

249

with pieces of meat, fish and vegetables

chikin-rais

GHIJKL MNOPQ
ham sandwich hamburger

hambaga

250

Menu Reader: Food

hamusando

rice with chicken, cooked in tomato sauce

karerais

RSTUVW XYZ[\] tomorokoshi ^_`abc

sandwich spaghetti roasted corn on the cob
sandoitchi spagetti hottodoggu hotdog

rice with curry-flavoured stew omurais rice wrapped in a plain omelette

rais diced

defghi

hayashi-

beef in gravy on

rice

jklm tosto toast nopqr tsunasando

tuna sandwich

Salads
sarada salad nama-yasai salad !"#$%&' ()*+,./0123
mikkus-sarada mixed salad potetosarada potato salad doresshingu salad

Soups
stu
supu soups (usually Western-style) vw shirumono soups (Japanese-style) xy suimono clear fish

dressing

z{|}

bouillon with meat, fish or vegetable

sumashi-jiru

Snacks
456789:
chizubaga cheeseburger ;<=>?@ potetofrai chips, French fries ABCDEF potetochipu crisps, (US) potato

clear fish bouillon with meat, fish or vegetable

konsome-supu consomm

yasai no kurimu-supu onion-guratancream of vegetable soup

chips

onion soup au gratin misoshiru soup with bean paste potaju thick soup

supu

QRSTUVW XY kaki oysters Z[\]^ kuruma-ebi _`a

roe prawns
sakana no tamago mashrumu mushrooms

Menu Reader: Food

tomato-

supu tomato soup soba buckwheat

noodles in bouillon udon thick noodles made from wheatflour in bouillon ramen Chinese noodles in bouillon

bcd sarada salad efg sarami salami hi sake salmon jklmn soseji opq rst
sausage
ko-ebi shrimps maguro tuna

Starters and Appetizers

!"#$% &'()
odoburu

Sushi Dishes
uv
sushi raw

fish on

ABCDEFGHIJKL

wxyz {|}~

riceballs

starters, appetizers

nigiri-zushi raw fish on seasoned riceballs gomoku-zushi

*+,-./

otsumami Japanese-style starter/appetizer asuparagasu asparagus

0123 kyabia caviar 456 serori celery 789: hamaguri clams ;< kani crab =>?@ABCD
frutsu-jusu fruit juice EF ham ham GHI nishin herring JKLM ise-ebi lobster NOP meron melon

zushi mixed

mixed fish and vegetables on rice

chirashi-

raw fish on
oshi-zushi sushi

rice

cut in squares
saba-zushi sushi with vinegared mackerel kappa-maki

cucumber and seasoned rice wrapped in seaweed

oshinko-maki

251

pickles and seasoned rice wrapped in seaweed

chakin-zushi

seasoned rice wrapped in egg crepe

inari-zushi

seasoned rice wrapped in deep-fried bean curd norimaki sliced roll of rice, vegetables or cooked gourd wrapped in seaweed

soy sauce, sugar and sesame oil >? mame beans @AB moyashi bean sprouts CDE bitsu beet FGHI tensai beetroot

252

Menu Reader: Food

JKLM

edamame

boiled green soybeans NOPQ ohitashi boiled spinach with seasoning

RSTU
broccoli

soramame burokkori

tekka-maki

tuna and seasoned rice wrapped in seaweed wasabi very spicy horseradish served with sushi

VWXYZ [\]

broad beans

^_`ab fghi
cabbage

shimeji brown button mushrooms mekyabetsu

Vegetables
!" yasai vegetables #$% azuki adzuki beans &'()*+ ,asuparagasu asparagus nasu aubergine, abokado yaki-imo baked takenoko shinachiku

Brussels sprouts cde gobo burdock root

kyabetsu

jklm ninjin carrot nopqrs karifrawa tuv serori celery wxyz{ puchi-tomato |}~ chikori chicory hakusai Chinese
cabbage
shungiku chrysanth-

cauliflower

./01 2345 6789 :;<=

yam avocado

eggplant

cherry tomatoes

bamboo shoots bamboo shoots cooked in

tomorokoshi corn

emum greens

on the

cob

zukkini

OPQ retasu lettuce RSTU renkon lotus VWXY

rumu

Menu Reader: Food

kyuri cucumber kampyo

dried gourd shavings shitake dried mushrooms nori dried seaweed nameko edible fungus kikurage edible tree fungus

courgette, zucchini

root

kabocha mash-

Z[\]^_`

pumpkin, squash

mushrooms (Western) abc kinoko mushrooms (general term)

defg

karashina

mustard greens hij okura okra

endomame peas

!"#$%& '()* +,-. /012

endive

endibu

klmn tamanegi onion opqrst uvw poteto potato xyz{| jagaimo }~

hatsuka-daikon radish hijiki seaweed

kimpira fried

burdock root and carrot ninniku garlic shishito green chilli pepper 3456 piman green pepper

potato

ABCDEFGHIJKL

789:;< =>?

saya-

ingen haricot beans wasabi Japanese matsutake

cooked in soy sauce and sugar goma sesame seeds daizu soybeans

@ABC

green horseradish

spinach

horenso

DEFGHI JKL MN
cabbage
negi leeks

Japanese mushrooms, with a distinctive aromatic flavour

ingemmame kidney beans komatsuna leafy

nira spring onions wakegi spring kon sweetcorn satsumaimo

potato sweet potato
satoimo taro

onions

253

 tomato tomato kabu turnip !"# wakame type of $%&

seaweed
kombu type kureson

254

Menu Reader: Food

of

'()* +,
watercress

seaweed

fuki wild butterbur (green vegetable stalk) -./0 yamaimo yam

12345

enokidake

yellow button mushrooms

Menu Reader: Drink

Contents
Essential Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Beer, Spirits,Wine etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Coffee,Tea etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Soft Drinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

257

Menu Reader: Drink

ABCDEFGHIJKL

258

Menu Reader: Drink

Essential Terms
beer biru 678 bottle bin 9: coffee kohi ;<=> cup kappu ?@A glass koppu BCD milk miruku EFG mineral water mineraru-uota HIJKLMNOP orange juice orenji-jusu QRSTUVWX red wine aka-wain YZ[\ rice wine sake ] soft drink sofuto-dorinku ^_`abcd sugar sato efg tea kocha hi (green) ocha jk water mizu l white wine shiro-wain mnop wine wain qrs whisky uiski tuvwx a cup of , please

o hitotsu kudasai

yz{|}~
another beer, please

biru o mo hitotsu onegai shimasu

a glass of sake

sake o ippai

Beer, Spirits, Wine etc

biru beer brandi !"#$
hiya chilled

Z[\]^_`
spakuringu sparkling

rokku scotch

on the rocks

Menu Reader: Drink

ab amakuchi sweet cdefghijk lmnop qr

vermouth
toniku-uota tonic berumotto

brandy

shampen Nihonshu

champagne

rice wine
nama-biru

%& karakuchi dry '( jin gin )*+,-. jin-toniku /0123 45678 9:;<= >?@AB
martini port liqueur
atsukan heated

draught beer

shochu very strong, transparent, colourless spirit stuv uokka vodka wxyz{ uiski whisky |}~ mizuwari whisky with water

shiro-wain

gin and tonic

white wine
wain wine

jin-fizu gin Nihonshu

fizz

ABCDEFGHIJKL

rice wine
rikyuru matini poto-wain

Coffee, Tea etc

o-nomimono gemmai-cha

beverages

CDEFGH IJKL
wine

aka-wain red

M sake rice wine NO jizake rice wine (local PQ

variety) masuzake rice wine served in wooden box cup RS ramu rum

ban-cha tea with roasted rice matcha bitter green tea made of fine tea powder

similar to English tea

buraku-kohi black coffee kocha black tea, uron-cha

Chinese tea

TUVWXY

onza-

kohi coffee

259

 ocha green tea kokoa hot !"#$%&

tea chocolate
ais-ti iced ais-

hijklmno pqrs gurep-fruts-jus tuvwxyz{ |}~

gurep-jus grape juice soda-sui green,

260

Menu Reader: Drink

grapefruit juice

'()*+,./
tea with large leaves

kohi iced coffee ban-cha inexpensive remon-ti

012345 67
lemon tea

ohiya iced water remonedo

jus melon juice miruk milk remon-skash lemon

sweet soda pop

lemonade

sencha mediumgrade green tea 89: miruk milk ;<= osato sugar >?@A hojicha tea made with roasted ban-cha leaves

squash
meron-

orenji-jus orange mineraru-uota mineral

water

BCDEFG
tea with milk
kohi white

miruk-ti miruk-

HIJKLMN
with milk

!"#$%&'() *+, Pepusi Pepsi -./0123 pain4567 saida soda pop 89:;< ichigojus pineapple orenji-skash orange

juice

squash

coffee, coffee

juice

Soft Drinks
OPQRSTU VWXYZ[ \]^_`
Coke milk
jus apple ringo-

juice

=>?@ABC DE FG
ice

gyunyu strawberry

milk

kohigyunyu coffee-flavoured koka-kora

tomato-jus tomato juice mizu water korimizu water with

abc kora cola defg fanta Fanta

How the Language Works

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Pronunciation
Throughout this book, Japanese words have been transliterated into romanized form so that they can be read as though they were English, bearing in mind the notes on pronunciation given below. a as in rather e as in bed; e is always pronounced, even at the end of a word i like the ee in feet, but slightly shorter o as in not u as in put ae separate a followed by e, pronounced ah-eh ai as in Thai ei as in weight ie separate ee followed by e, pronounced ee-eh ue separate u followed by e, pronounced oo-eh g hard g as in girl s always as in mass (never z) y as in yet A bar over a vowel means that it is twice as long as a vowel without a bar. A dot () between two letters indicates a slight pause. Note that ing in Japanese is pronounced more strongly than in English. In spoken Japanese the sounds u and i, in certain contexts, are shortened and can become barely audible. In this book we show u and i in italics to mean that their pronunciation is clipped. For example, desu is pronounced as des. Japanese is generally evenly stressed, with all syllables having the same emphasis.

s Pronunciation / Abbreviations

Abbreviations
f m ob. part. part.

feminine masculine object particle particle

pol pl sing sub. part.

polite plural singular subject particle

263

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s General / Articles / Nouns

General
The Japanese language has a number of characteristics which are very different from European languages, the most important of these being that there are no changes for case, number or gender and that verbs do not change according to the person or number. Also, pronouns, both personal and impersonal, are often omitted. Another distinctive feature of Japanese is that small words known as postpositional particles are used after a noun or pronoun to indicate whether it is the subject, object or indirect object of a sentence. See pages 269.

Articles
There is no equivalent in Japanese for either the definite article the or the indefinite articles a and an. The exact meaning of a word or phrase will be clear from the context. Therefore, zasshi (magazine) can mean a magazine or the magazine. If you want to be more precise, you can use the demonstrative adjectives sono/ano (that) or kono (this) with the appropriate word (see page 282). The number hitots (one) (see page 286) can also be used to translate a/an, but generally this is not necessary:
biru hitots, onegai shimas
[beer one please]

a beer, please

Nouns
Japanese nouns only have one form. Singular and plural forms of nouns are the same and there are no distinctions for gender (masculine/feminine/neuter).Therefore: 264

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

hon can mean a book, the book, books, some books

or the books
biru can mean: a beer, the beer, beers, some beers or

the beers Usually, what you mean will be perfectly clear from the context. Where necessary, you can be more specific by using numbers (see Counting, page 286). Although the form of the noun itself does not change, grammatical particles placed after the noun indicate whether it is the subject, object or indirect object of a sentence:
watashi no fakkusu wa todokimashita ka?
[I + possessive part. fax + sub. part. + arrived + question part.]

has my fax arrived yet?

fakkusu o okurimashita ka?
[fax + ob. part. + sent + question part.]

s Nouns / Pronouns

did you send the fax? and o are known as postpositional particles (see page 273). One interesting aspect of many nouns is that they can be changed into verbs by just adding suru (to do) or shimas (polite form of to do).Thus, dokusho is the Japanese word for reading, and doksho suru is the equivalent of to read.
Wa

Pronouns
Generally, pronouns are omitted in Japanese whenever possible, but occasionally it might be necessary to use them for emphasis or to avoid misunderstanding. It should be remembered that, on the whole, use of pronouns does not show respect and should be avoided, especially when addressing ones superiors. If it does become necessary to use a personal pronoun, the words listed in the sections that follow can be used.

265

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s Pronouns

Personal Pronouns
watashi bok watakshi anata kimi kare kanojo watashitachi anatatachi kimitachi karera kanojotachi sorera

I I (m, fam) I (pol) you (sing) you (sing, fam, to a subordinate) he she we you (pl) you (pl, fam, to subordinates) they (m) they (f) they (inanimate objects)

watashi wa Igiris-jin des

[I + sub. part. + English am]

Im English The subject of the sentence above is followed by the subject particle wa (see page 270). Care should also be taken not to address Japanese using anata, the direct translation of you.The best way to say, for example, where are you going? in Japanese, is to use the persons name plus -san, instead of the word for you. Another acceptable way to say this is to omit both you and the name in Japanese.
Eigo o hanasemas ka?
[English + ob. part. + speak can + question part.]

do you speak English?

Nakada-san wa Frans-go o hanasemas ka?
[surname Mr + sub. part. + French + ob. part. + speak + question part.]

Mr Nakada, do you speak French?

266

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

The form of the pronoun does not change, but there is a change in the postpositional particle that is placed after the pronoun; for direct object pronouns, use o instead of wa:
watashi o bok o watakshi o anata o kimi o kare o kanojo o watashitachi o anatatachi o kimitachi o karera o kanojotachi o sorera o

me me (m, fam) me (pol) you (sing) you (sing, fam, to a subordinate) him her us you (pl) you (pl, fam, to subordinates) them (m) them (f) them (inanimate objects)

kare o yonde kimasho

Pronouns [he + ob. part. + fetch]

Ill get him

It

Japanese has no word that is equivalent to the English pronoun it;it will be understood in phrases like the following:
doko desu ka?
[where is + question part.]

toi desu ka?

[far is + question part.]

where is it?
ame ga futte imasu
[rain + sub. part. + fall is]

is it far?

its raining

If you really need to emphasise it, you can use sore, but this is a demonstrative pronoun rather than a personal pronoun, and actually means that: 267

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s Pronouns / Possessives

sore wa kare no kuruma des

[that + sub. part. + he + possessive part. + car is]

its his car

Demonstrative Pronouns
kore sore are

this (one); these (ones) that (one); those (ones) (nearby or just mentioned) that (one); those (ones) (further away)
sore dewa nak, kore des
[that as for not this is]

kore wa watashi no des

[this + sub. part. + I of am]

this is mine
are wa takai des
[that + sub. part. + expensive is]

not that one, this one

that one is expensive

See Demonstrative Adjectives, page 282.

Possessives
Possessive adjectives and pronouns are the same in Japanese. To form the possessive, add the particle no to the pronoun:
watashi no bok no watakshi no anata no kimi no kare no kanojo no watashitachi no anatatachi no kimitachi no karera no kanojotachi no sorera no

my; mine my; mine (m, fam) my; mine (pol) your; yours (sing) you (sing, fam, to a subordinate) his her; hers our; ours your; yours (pl) you (pl, fam, to subordinates) their; theirs (m) their; theirs (f) their; theirs (inanimate objects)

268

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

watashi no desu
[I + possessive part. + be]

watashi no heya de
[I + possessive part. + room in]

its mine

in my room

The possessive is generally omitted if the meaning is clear from the context:
handobaggu o nakushimashita
[handbag + ob. part. + lost]

Ive lost my handbag

In phrases like the one below, its more respectful to use the possessive particle with the persons name or job title:
shacho no kuruma
[director + possessive part. + car]

the directors car rather than:

kare no kuruma
[he + possessive part. + car]

s Postpositional Particles

his car even if the English phrase doesnt use the name or title.

Postpositional Particles
Postpositional particles are small words that always follow the word they relate to.They have two main functions: a) They indicate whether a noun or pronoun is the subject, object or indirect object of a sentence. b) They are the equivalent of certain English grammatical elements, for example, prepositions (to, from, with etc), constructions such as and,because,also, and they are also used to indicate a question. The following list shows the meanings of the various particles in brief; for further information and examples, see the text that follows this list.

269

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s Postpositional Particles

follows the subject of a sentence, emphasises the subject wa follows the subject of a sentence o follows the object of a sentence ni follows the indirect object of a sentence; or means on, in, to, at (referring to time and location) e to (indicates motion towards); towards; until made to; up to; until; as far as kara from; since de by, by means of; with; at; on; in (referring to location) to with, accompanied by; and, that mo too, also; even; both ... and; neither ... nor no of; possessive ka? question particle ne? question tag: isnt it?, havent we?, havent you? etc
ga

Subject Particles

To indicate that a word is the subject of a sentence, the particles ga or wa are used:
onaka ga sukimashita ka?
[stomach + sub. part. + empty + question part.]

are you hungry?

The particle ga can indicate that the subject of the sentence is more important than the text that follows. In English this distinction can be achieved by tone of voice:
watashi ga ikimasu
[I + sub. part. + will go]

I will go, its me whos going (not anyone else)

watashi ga haraimasu
[I + sub. part. + pay]

Ill pay (nobody else has to pay)

If wa is used instead of ga, this gives less emphasis to the subject and more to the rest of the text: 270

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

watashi wa Amerika-jin desu

[I + sub. part. + American am]

watashi wa gakusei desu

[I + sub. part. + student am]

Im American
Ga kyo wa sumo ga arimasu

Im a student

is often used if the verb is arimasu or imasu:

[today + sub. part. + sumo + sub. part. + is]

theres a sumo match today

and wa is often used when the verb is des or a negative:

sore wa totemo omoshiroi desu
[that + sub. part. + very interesting is]

thats very interesting

watashi wa Igirisu-jin desu
[I + sub. part. + English am]

Im English
watashi wa ikimasen
[I + sub. part. + go + negative]

s Postpositional Particles

Im not going
kono hon wa omoshiroku nai desu
[this book + sub. part. + interesting not is]

this book is not interesting

Object Particle

The object particle o is placed after the object of the verb:

yoyaku o shite arimasu
[reservation + ob. part. + made]

I have a reservation
Eigo o hanasemasu ka?
[English + ob. part. + speak can + question part.]

can you speak English?

271

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s Postpositional Particles

Indirect Object Particle

The particle ni is used to indicate an indirect object:

sensei ni wain o agemashita
[teacher + ind. ob. part. + wine + ob. part. + gave]

I gave the teacher a bottle of wine

Other Particles

The particle e indicates motion towards something:

Kobe e ikimasu
[Kobe to go]

Im going to Kobe

The particle made means to, up to, until or as far as:

kuko made, onegai shimasu
[airport to please]

to the airport, please

... made nan-kiro arimasu ka?
[... to how many kilometres is + question part.]

how many kilometres is it to ...?

Doyobi made
[Saturday until]

until Saturday

The particle kara means from or since:

Rondon kara Tokyo made
[London from Tokyo to]

senshu kara
[last week since]

from London to Tokyo

since last week

The particle ni (as well as being the indirect object particle) means on, in, to or at, referring to time or location:
Doyobi ni
[Saturday on]

on Saturday

272

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Hiruton hoteru ni tomatte imasu

[Hilton Hotel at staying]

Im staying at the Hilton Hotel

Tokyo ni oba ga sunde imasu
[Tokyo in aunt + sub. part. + lives]

my aunt lives in Tokyo

The particle de can mean by, by means of or with:

kuruma de
[car by]

basu de
[bus by]

by car
kurejitto-kado de haraemasu ka?
[credit card by can pay + question part.]

by bus

can I pay by credit card?

de

can also mean at, on or in, referring to location:

ba de suwatte imashita
Postpositional Particles [bar at was sitting]

he was sitting at the bar

depato no naka de aimasho
[department store of inside in meet lets]

Ill see you in the department store

The particle to means with, accompanying:

haha to kaimono shimasu
[mother with shopping do]

I go shopping with my mother

See page 284 for when to use to meaning and. The particle mo can mean too, also or even:
kimi mo heya ni itano ka?
[you too room in were + question part.]

watashi mo

me too

were you in the room too?

273

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s Postpositional Particles

mo

can also be used to translate both ... and (in a positive statement) and neither ... nor (with a negative verb, see page 278):
biru mo sake mo nomimashita
[beer both sake and drank]

I drank both beer and sake

biru mo sake mo nomimasen deshita
[beer both sake and not drank]

I drank neither beer nor sake

The particle no means of or corresponds to the s or the possessive in English:

ane no hon
[sister of book]

kurabu no memba
[club of member]

my sisters book
watashi no kuruma
[I of car]

a member of the club

my car

The particle ka is added to the end of a statement to change it into a question:

kippu wa takai desu
[ticket + sub. part. + expensive]

the tickets are expensive

kippu wa takai desu ka?
[ticket + sub. part. + expensive + question part.]

are the tickets expensive?

The particle ne is the equivalent of English tag questions like isnt it?, havent we? and so on:
Keiko-san, kore wa anata no desu ne?
[Keiko + polite form + this + sub. part. + you of is + question tag]

its yours, Keiko, isnt it?

274

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

koko ni kita koto ga arimasu ne?

[here in that came + sub. part. be+ question tag]

weve been here, havent we?

Verbs
Unlike English verbs, Japanese verbs do not change their form according to first, second, or third person subjects, singular or plural.Therefore, ikimasu means:
to go I go you go he/she/it goes we go they go

However, Japanese verbs do change their form according to various other criteria, for example, the degree of politeness required, the tense, or whether the verb indicates wanting or necessity.
Polite Verb Forms

s P o s t p o s i t i o n a l P a r t i c l e s / Ve r b s

The form of Japanese verbs is changed to indicate different levels of politeness. As a general rule, longer verb forms denote courtesy:
yomimasu to read shimbun yomu ka? (basic form) shimbun yomimasu ka? (polite) shimbun yomaremasu ka? (very polite)

do you read the paper?

It is more straightforward for beginners in Japanese to stick to the second form given above (yomimasu).This is the verb form we have generally given in the English-Japanese section of this book and it is polite enough for most situations.
Present Tense

To express the simple present, use the basic form of the verb ending in -masu: 275

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s Ve r b s

swarimasu to sit down I go I sit down you go you sit down he/she/it goes he/she/it sits down we go we sit down they go they sit down To express a continuing action in the present (he is going, I am walking etc), the -masu ending is removed from the verb and replaced with -te or -de, and imasu is placed after the verb: nani o yonde imasu ka?
[what + ob. part. + reading + question part.]

ikimasu to go

what are you reading?

karera wa tabete imasu
[they + sub. part. + eating]

they are eating

kare wa tabako o sutte imasu
[he + sub. part. + cigarette + ob. part. + inhale]

he is smoking
Past Tense

The ending -mashita indicates the past tense. Replace the -masu ending of the verb with -mashita:
ikimasu to go ikimashita I went mimasu to see; to watch mimashita Ive seen

you went he/she/it went we went they went

tsukimasu to arrive kyo tsukimashita
[today arrived]

youve seen he/she/it has seen we have seen they have seen

tabemasu to eat watashitachi wa mo tabemashita

[we + sub. part. + already have eaten]

we arrived today

weve already eaten

276

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Future Tense

There is no real future tense in Japanese; instead the present tense is used to express the future:
mata ashita kimasu
[again tomorrow come]

rainen Kyoto ni ikimasu

[next year Kyoto to go]

Ill come back tomorrow Im going to Kyoto next year

Asking Permission

Asking permission to do something is indicated by the verb ending -te followed by ... i desu ka? (literally: is it allowed?):
anata ni tegami o kaite i desu ka?
[you to letter + ob. part. + write is is allowed + question part.]

can I write to you?

Indicating Necessity

s Ve r b s

Necessity is indicated by the verb ending -nakereba narimasen:

ikimasu to go mo ikanakereba narimasen
[already go must]

I have to go now
kakimasu to write tegami o kakanakereba narimasen
[letter + ob. part. + write must]

I have to write a letter

Indicating Wanting

Wanting to do something is indicated by the verb ending -tai:

okurimasu to send kore o Igirisu ni okuritai no desu ga
[this + ob. part. + England to send want request please]

I want to send this to England

277

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s Ve r b s

karimasu to rent kuruma o karitai no desu ga

[car + ob. part. + buy want request please]

Id like to rent a car

Negatives

There is no simple equivalent to not in Japanese. Instead the form of the verb changes to indicate the negative. The -masu ending changes to -masen and the -tai (wanting) ending changes to -taku nai:
kono gakko e ikimasu
[this school to go]

I go to this school
kono gakko e wa ikimasen
[this school to + sub. part. + go negative]

I dont go to this school

Igirisu ni ikitai desu
[England to want go + polite ending]

I want to go to England
Igirisu ni ikitaku nai desu
[England to want go + negative + polite ending]

I dont want to go to England

Japanese has no words like nobody, no-one, never, none,neither,nor,(not) any; these must be expressed in Japanese by a negative verb construction:
dare mo kimasen deshita
[somebody even come + negative]

nobody came
dare mo hakbutskan e ikitagarimasen
[somebody even museum to want to go + negative]

nobody wants to visit the museum

278

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Kobe niwa ichido mo itta koto ga arimasen

[Kobe to + sub. part. + not once even that + sub. part. + negative]

Ive never been to Kobe

mo hitots mo arimasen
[already one even exist + negative]

theres none left

hoshik arimasen
[want + negative]

I dont want any

Adjectives
Japanese adjectives are a special category of words, many of which behave in a way quite unlike their English counterparts. Many, indeed, are more like verbs since they have separate forms for present and past tenses and for positive and negative use. For example, the adjective for red akai really means is red. There are two types of adjectives in Japanese.The first type end in -ai, -i, -oi or -ui:
akai oishi omoshiroi warui

s Ve r b s / A d j e v c t i v e s

is is is is

red delicious interesting bad

The final -i or -i indicates the present positive form of the adjective, which is the basic form given in the EnglishJapanese section of this book; to make the past positive form, remove the -i or -i to obtain the stem and add -katta:
present positive past positive

akai is red oishi is delicious omoshiroi is interesting warui is bad

akakatta was red oishkatta was delicious omoshirokatta was interesting warukatta was bad

279

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s Adjectives

These are all plain forms which generally would not be used by themselves; to make them polite forms, add desu:
nimotsu wa omokatta desu
[luggage + sub. part. + was heavy + polite ending]

the luggage was heavy

To form the present negative, remove -i or -i, and add -k nai; for the past negative add -ku nakatta to the stem:
present negative past negative

akaku nai is not red oishiku nai is not delicious omoshiroku nai is not

akaku nakatta was not red oishiku nakatta was not

delicious
omoshiroku nakatta was

interesting
waruku nai is not bad

not interesting
waruku nakatta was not bad

To make the above polite forms (as used in speech), change -ku nai to -ku arimasen:
kono suika wa amaku arimasen
[this watermelon + sub. part. + sweet + negative]

this watermelon is not sweet

Adjectival Nouns

The second type of Japanese adjective is more like an English adjective in that it does not change its ending and is not a form of verb.This type of adjective does not end in -ai, -i, -oi or -ui, but consists of a noun followed by na:
shizuka (na)

quiet Adjectival nouns are used with the following to form the present and past tenses (positive and negative):
positive negative present past present past

des deshta dewa arimasen dewa arimasen deshta

280

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

If the adjectival noun is followed by des, na can be omitted:

hoteru wa shizka des
[hotel + sub. part. + quiet is]

the hotel is quiet

kono hon wa tekito dewa arimasen
[this book + sub. part. + suitable + negative]

this book is not suitable

chittoma shimpai dewa arimasen deshta
[not at all worried + negative]

I wasnt worried at all

Comparatives and Superlatives

To form the comparative, put motto (more) in front of the adjective:

motto hayak motto omoshiroi

faster

more interesting
Adjectives

To form the superlative, put ichiban (literally: number one) or mottomo (most) in front of the adjective:
ichiban omoshiroi toshi
[most is interesting city]

the most interesting city

mottomo takai hoteru
[most is expensive hotel]

the most expensive hotel

To express more ... than ..., ...-er than, use yori (than):
kono hoteru wa ryokan yori takai desu
[this hotel + sub. part. + Japanese inn than expensive]

this hotel is more expensive than a Japanese inn

densha wa basu yori hayai desu
[train + sub. part. + bus than fast is]

the train is faster than the bus

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s Adjectives / Adverbs

To express as ... as ... use to onaji kurai (about the same as):
Rondon wa Nagano to onaji kurai samui desu
[London + sub. part. + Nagano as cold as is]

London is as cold as Nagano

To express not as ... as ..., use hodo ... nai:

Nippon wa Amerika hodo okiku nai desu
[Japan + sub. part. + America not as big as is]

Japan is not as big as America

Demonstrative Adjectives

There are three demonstrative adjectives: kono, sono and ano:

kono sono ano

this; these that; those (nearby or just mentioned) that; those (further away)

kono densha this train sono tomodachi that friend (of yours, that you mentioned) ano basu that bus (over there)

Adverbs
To form an adverb from the first type of adjective (ending in -ai, -i, -oi or -ui), change the final -i to -k:
hayai osoi yasashi warui yasui

quick slow easy bad cheap

hayaku osoku yasashiku waruku yask

quickly slowly easily badly cheaply

To form the adverb from the second type of adjective (shown with (na) in the English-Japanese section), change na to ni:
shizka na heya
[quiet room]

Keiko-san wa shizka ni hanashimas

[Keiko + polite form + sub. part. + quietly speaks]

a quiet room

Keiko speaks quietly

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Word Order
The normal word order in Japanese sentences is: subject object verb
ane wa sushi o suki des ga, watashi wa suki dewa arimasen
[sister + sub. part. + sushi + ob. part. + like but I + sub. part. + like not]

my sister likes sushi but I dont

Adjectives usually precede the noun they modify while particles and conjunctions follow the noun they refer to.

Yes and No
The words for yes and no are hai (or sometimes e) and ie (or ie):
hai, onegai shimas ie kekko des

yes, please
yomimashta ka?

no thanks
hai, yomimashta

W o r d O r d e r / Ye s a n d N o

have you read the paper?

yes, I have

In general, however, it is possible to omit hai and ie and answer simply by using the verb. When the question is a negative one, however, hai and ie are used in quite a different way to English. This is because hai is used to confirm the statement, whether the answer is affirmative or negative:
anata wa Amerika-jin dewa arimasen ka?
[you + sub. part. + American + negative + question part.]

arent you American?

hai, Igirisu-jin desu
[yes (I am not) English]

no, Im English

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s Ye s a n d N o / A n d

This kind of negative question (as in English) implies the speaker may be slightly surprised or incredulous or wants to confirm something that they are almost sure of. If a positive question were asked, with no prior assumptions, the answer would be ie. In the same way, when the question is a negative one, ie is used to deny the sentence whether the answer is affirmative or negative:
soba o tabemasen deshita ka?
[noodles + ob. part. + eat did not + question part.]

didnt you eat the noodles? (implying you should have)

ie, tabemashita
[no, did eat]

yes, I did eat them

And
There are different words for and in Japanese. To is used with nouns and pronouns:
shio to kosho Tokyo to Rondon

salt and pepper

kohi to sato o kaimashita

Tokyo and London

[coffee and sugar + ob. part. + bought]

Soshite

I bought coffee and sugar also means and; it is used with verbs, adjectives and adverbs:
watashitachi wa onsen ni hairi soshite shokji o shimashta
[we + sub. part. + hot spring in go and meal did]

we had a bath in the hot spring and had a meal

kare wa hayak, soshite utskushik, ji o kakimas
[he + sub. part. + fast and neatly characters + ob. part. + writes]

Sorekara

he writes both fast and neatly means and then:

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

terebi o mite, sorekara benkyo shimas

[television + ob. part. + watched and then study]

Ill watch television and then Ill study

Masculine and Feminine Forms of Speech

In the past, there were many different levels of courtesy in Japanese speech and special words and phrases were used, for example, to praise ones superiors, and to deprecate oneself. As well as this, womens speech was traditionally more polite than mens. Although the differences between male and female speech patterns are now less pronounced than they used to be, there are still many ways of speaking that are exclusively used by either men or women. Men speak with a more even tone of voice, whereas women speak in a more lilting manner. Men and women use different pronouns and interjections.Also, in informal speech, men tend to use yo or zo at the end of sentences for emphasis, whereas women will use wa, for example: bok wa Eigo ga hanaseru yo/zo! (said by a man)
[I + sub. part. + English + ob. part. + speak can emphasis]

s Masculine and Feminine Forms

I can speak English!

watashi wa okoto ga hikeru wa! (said by a woman)
[I + sub. part. + polite prefix + Japanese harp + ob. part. + play can + emphasis]

I can play the Japanese harp! Women make more use of the polite prefix o- or go-, as in:
denwa/odenwa

(said by a man/woman) (your) telephone

gokazoku wa ogenki desu ka?
[polite prefix + family + sub. part. + polite prefix + well + question part.]

are your family all well?

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s Counting

Women also tend to use emotional interjections more than men, such as kawai (cute!) or suteki! (marvellous!). To express surprise when meeting somebody unexpectedly, women tend to say ma! or ara!, which are never used by men, who tend to say ya! or o!.

Counting
Japanese has two sets of numbers from one to ten:
set 1 set 2

1 ichi hitotsu 2 ni futatsu 3 san mittsu 4 yon/shi* yottsu 5 go itsutsu 6 roku muttsu 7 nana/shichi* nanatsu 8 hachi yattsu 9 kyu/ku* kokonotsu 10 ju to The first set is used when referring to expressions of time, quantities and measurements.They are used with the classifiers on the opposite page or with count words such as minute, yen etc:
go-fun ichijikan mae

five minutes
gozen shichiji ni

an hour ago
ju-en

at 7am 10 yen * The alternative numerals in the first set above must be used in the following time expressions:
yoji shichiji kuji

four oclock seven oclock nine oclock The second set of numbers is used for counting any other things not mentioned above.The number is placed after the

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

object and is used without a count word (like minute) or a classifier:

biru futats, onegai shimas

two beers, please If you use the two sets of numbers in the way described above, this will be acceptable, but a further method of counting, using a counting word known as a classifier, is more commonly used. Classifiers equate roughly to English words like glassful,cupful,bottle of ,sheets of etc. Nouns or groups of nouns in Japanese have specific classifiers which are used when they are counted or quantified. The most common classifiers are: -dai machines, cars, bikes, stereos -hai glassfuls, cupfuls -hiki animals -hon pens, cigarettes, other cylindrical objects -ko fruit, cakes, eggs and small chunky objects -mai pieces of paper, tickets, other things that are thin and flat -nin people -sats books -tsu letters
kuruma ni-dai
[car two + classifier]

s Counting

kipp o sam-mai, kudasai

[ticket + ob. part. + three + classifier + please]

two cars

three tickets, please

Nihongo no hon o go-satsu kaimashita

[Japanese of book + ob. part. + five + classifier + bought]

I bought five Japanese books

majan wa yo-nin de shimasu
[mahjong + sub. part. + four + classifier + by do]

mahjong is played by four people There is only one set of numbers above ten. See pages 292293.

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s Dates

Dates
The word order for dates is: year month day There are two common ways of counting years in Japanese. The Western system is used thus:
sen-kyu-hyaku-kyu-ju-hachi-nen
[thousand-nine-hundreds-nine-tens-eight-year]

ni-sen-ichi-nen
[two-thousand-one-year]

1998

2001

There is also a traditional system of counting from the first year of the current emperors reign. The Heisei period (of Emperor Akihito) began in 1989:
Heisei ni-nen
[Heisei two year]

Heisei ju-nen
[Heisei ten year]

second year of Heisei (1990) tenth year of Heisei (1998)

Kugatsu tsuitachi
[nine-month (September) first]

Junigatsu futsuka
[twelve-month (December) second]

the first of September

the second of December

ni-sen-ichi-nen Gogatsu san-ju-nichi

[two-thousand-one-year five-month (May) thirtieth]

the thirtieth of May 2001

Heisei ju-nen Rokgats ni-ju san-ichi
[Heise-ten-year six-month (June) twenty-third]

the twenty-third of June 1998

Dates are formed using the versions of the ordinal numbers below:
1st 2nd 3rd 4th

tsuitachi futska mikka yokka

)* +, -. /0

288

5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 31st

itska muika nanoka yoka kokonoka toka ju-ichi-nichi ju-ni-nichi ju-san-nichi ju-yokka ju-go-nichi ju-rok-nichi ju-shichi-nichi ju-hachi-nichi ju-ku-nichi hatska ni-ju-ichi nichi ni-ju-ni-nichi ni-ju-san-nichi ni-ju-yokka ni-ju-go-nichi ni-ju-rok-nichi ni-ju-shichi-nichi ni-ju-hachi-nichi ni-ju-ku-nichi san-ju-nichi san-ju-ichi-nichi

12 34 56 78 9: ;< =>? @AB CDE FGH IJK LMN OPQ RST UVW XYZ [\]^ _`ab cdef ghij klmn opqr stuv wxyz {|}~

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s Dates

Japanese ordinals are written using the Chinese characters (kanji) above if writing vertically; otherwise, when writing left to right, Arabic numbers can be used instead.

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s Days / Months / Time

Days
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Getsuyobi Kayobi Suiyobi Mokuyobi Kinyobi Doyobi Nichiyobi

Months
January February March April May June July August September October November December

Ichigatsu Nigatsu Sangatsu Shigatsu Gogatsu Rokgatsu Shichigatsu Hachigatsu Kugatsu Jugatsu Juichigatsu Junigatsu

Time
what time is it? ima nanji desu ka? its one oclock ichiji desu its two oclock niji desu at one oclock ichiji ni !"# at two oclock niji ni $%& five past one ichiji go-fun '()*

290

ten past one ichiji juppun +,-. quarter past one ichiji ju-go-fun /0123 quarter past two niji ju-go-fun 45678 half past one ichiji-han 9:; half past two niji-han <=> quarter to one ichiji ju-go-fun mae ?@ABCD quarter to two niji ju-go-fun mae EFGHIJ twenty to one ichiji nijuppun mae KLMNOP ten to two niji juppun mae QRSTU am gozen VW pm gogo XY at 1am gozen ichiji ni Z[\]^ at 1pm gogo ichiji ni _`abc 13.00 ju-sanji def 14.00 ju-yoji ghi 18.30 ju-hachiji sanjuppun jklmno noon shogo pq midnight mayonaka rst hour jikan uv minute fun w one minute ippun xy two minutes ni-fun z{ second byo | quarter of an hour ju-go-fun }~ half an hour san-juppun three quarters of an hour yon-ju-go-fun

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s Time

Minutes are expressed by adding -fun (minute) to the numbers below. This sometimes changes to -pun depending on the preceding sound:
ni-fun go-fun juppun

two minutes

five minutes

ten minutes

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s Numbers

Numbers
See Counting pages 286.
0 zero 1 ichi 2 ni 3 san 4 shi 5 go 6 rok 7 shichi 8 hachi 9 kyu 10 ju 11 ju-ichi 12 ju-ni 13 ju-san 14 ju-shi 15 ju-go 16 ju-rok 17 ju-shichi 18 ju-hachi 19 ju-kyu 20 ni-ju 21 ni-ju-ichi 22 ni-ju-ni 30 san-ju 31 san-ju-ichi 32 san-ju-ni 40 yon-ju 50 go-ju 60 rok-ju

70 shichi-ju 80 hachi-ju 90 kyu-ju 100 hyak 101 hyak-ichi 102 hyak-ni 200 ni-hyak 1,000 sen 2,000 ni-sen 3,000 san-zen 4,000 yon-sen 5,000 go-sen 10,000* ichi-man 20,000 ni-man 1,000,000

%& '( )* +,./

hyaku-man
10,000,000

issemman
100,000,000

ichi-oku

*For 10,000 and above, use man instead of sen. Japanese numbers are written using the Chinese characters (kanji) above if writing vertically; otherwise, when writing left to right, Arabic numbers can be used instead.

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

Ordinals

In Japanese, the words used for the dates (1st of March etc) and the ordinals in English sense (for example, third chair from the window) are different. The English ordinals can usually be translated by adding -bamme to numbers.
1st ichi-bamme 2nd ni-bamme 3rd san-bamme 4th yon-bamme 5th go-bamme 6th rok-bamme 7th nana-bamme 8th hachi-bamme 9th kyu-bamme 10th jyu-bamme

012 345 678 9:; <=> ?@A BCD EFG HIJ KLM

See pages 288-289 for the set of ordinals used to form dates.
Numbers

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

s C o n v e r s i o n Ta b l e s

Conversion Tables
1 centimetre = 0.39 inches 1 metre = 39.37 inches = 1.09 yards 1 kilometre = 0.62 miles = 5/8 mile 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 foot = 30.48 cm 1 yard = 0.91 m 1 mile = 1.61 km
km miles miles km 1 0.6 1 1.6 2 1.2 2 3.2 3 1.9 3 4.8 4 2.5 4 6.4 5 3.1 5 10 20 30 40 50 100 6.2 12.4 18.6 24.8 31.0 62.1 10 20 30 40 50 100

8.0 16.1 32.2 48.3 64.4 80.5 161

1 gram = 0.035 ounces

g oz kg lb kg lb lb kg 100 250 500 3.5 8.75 17.5 0.5 1.1 20 44 0.5 0.2 1 2.2 30 66 1 0.5 2 4.4 40 88 2 0.9 3 6.6 50

1 kilo = 1000 g = 2.2 pounds 1 oz = 28.35 g 1 lb = 0.45 kg

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.8 11.0 13.2 15.4 17.6 19.8 22.0 60 70 80 90 100

110 132 154 176 198 220 3 1.4 4 1.8 5 2.3 6 2.7 7 8 9 4.1 10 4.5 20 9.0

3.2 3.6

1 litre = 1.75 UK pints / 2.13 US pints 1 UK pint = 0.57 l 1 US pint = 0.47 l centigrade / Celsius
C F -5 23 0 32 5 41 10 50

1 UK gallon = 4.55 l 1 US gallon = 3.79 l C = (F - 32) x 5/9

15 59 18 64 20 68 25 77 30 86 36.8 38 98.4 100.4

Fahrenheit
F C 23 -5 32 0 40 4 50 10

F = (C x 9/5) + 32
60 16 65 18 70 21 80 27 85 29 98.4 101 36.8 38.3

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