September 2011

Trang 1
LangQuang.YDS


KHI A-2007 M 182

Gii
Ta c:
m
bnh tng
= m
X
= 6,7 gam
n
X
= 0,2 mol
2
Br
n
phn ng
= 0,35
n
X
<
2
Br
n < 2n
X
X chc chn c 1 ankin, hirocacbon cn li c th l anken hoc ankan.
TH
1
: X gm 1 anken (a mol) + 1 ankin (b mol)

n 2n 2 n 2n 2
n' 2n'-2 2 n' 2n'-2 4
C H + Br C H Br
a a
C H + 2Br C H Br
b 2b

Ta c:
a + b = 0,2 a = 0,05
a + 2b = 0.35 b = 0,15

m = 6,7 gam 14na + (14n'-2)b = 6,7
X
0,7n + 2,1n' = 7 n + 3n' = 10

Chn n = 4 v n = 2 (X): C
2
H
2
+ C
4
H
8

TH
2
: loi

Gii

3
3
HNO
2 2 4 3
HNO
2 4
2FeS Fe (SO )
0,12 0,06
Cu S 2CuSO
a 2a

Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t:
2-
4
S
SO
n = n = 0,24 + a

Theo nh lut bo ton in tch:

3+ 2+ 2-
4
Fe Cu SO
3n + 2n = 2n = 3.0,12 + 2.2a = 2.(0,24 + a)
a = 0, 06 mol

GII BI TP TRONG CC THI I HC T NM 2007 N NM 2011

September 2011
Trang 2
LangQuang.YDS


Gii

Cng thc amin n chc: C
x
H
y
N
2 x y 2
N C H N N
n = 0,0625 n = 2n = 0,125
2
CO
n = 0,0625 s C =
2
CO
X
n
n
= 2
Lu :
A. t chy hp cht hu c C
x
H
y
hoc C
x
H
y
O
z
(khng cha N):
1. Ankan hay hp cht c lin kt n:
C
n
H
2n + 2
+ O
2
nCO
2
+ (n + 1)H
2
O

2
2 2 n 2n+2
2
C H O
H O
O
O C C H
n < n
n - n = n

2. Anken hay hp cht c 1 lin kt (1 vng):
C
n
H
2n
+ O
2
nCO
2
+ nH
2
O
2 2
CO H O
n = n
3. Ankin ankaien hay hp cht c 2 lin kt :
C
n
H
2n 2
+ O
2
nCO
2
+ (n 1)H
2
O
2 2
2 2 n 2n-2
CO H O
CO H O C H
n > n
n - n = n

4. Hp cht c 3 lin kt :
C
n
H
2n 4
+ O
2
nCO
2
+ (n 2)H
2
O
2 2
2 2 n 2n-4
CO H O
CO H O C H
n > n
n - n = 2n

5. Hp cht c 4 lin kt (aren):
C
n
H
2n 6
+ O
2
nCO
2
+ (n 3)H
2
O
2 2
2 2 n 2n-6
CO H O
CO H O C H
n > n
n - n = 3n

B. t chy hp cht hu c C
x
H
y
N
t
hoc C
x
H
y
O
z
N
t
:
1. Amin n chc no:
C
n
H
2n + 3
N + O
2
nCO
2
+ (n +
3
2
)H
2
O + N
2

2 2
2 2 n 2n+3
CO H O
H O CO C H N
n < n
n - n = 1,5n

September 2011
Trang 3
LangQuang.YDS

2. Amin n chc khng no c 1 lin kt :
C
n
H
2n + 1
N + O
2
nCO
2
+ (n +
1
2
)H
2
O + N
2

2 2
2 2 n 2n+1
CO H O
H O CO C H N
n < n
n - n = 0,5n

3. Amin n chc khng no c 2 lin kt :
C
n
H
2n 1
N + O
2
nCO
2
+ (n -
1
2
)H
2
O + N
2

2 2
2 2 n 2n-1
CO H O
CO H O C H N
n > n
n - n = 0,5n

C. t chy hn hp hai hirocacbon bt k:
- Nu
2 2
CO H O
n > n
Hai hirocacbon c th l:
2 ankan
1 ankan + 1 anken
1 ankan (x mol) + 1 ankin (y mol) (x > y)

- Nu
2 2
CO H O
n n =
Hai hirocacbon c th l:
2 anken
1 ankan (x mol) + 1 ankin-ankadien (y mol) (x = y)

- Nu
2 2
CO H O
n < n
Hai hirocacbon c th l:
2 ankin
1 anken + 1 ankin
1 ankan (x mol) + 1 ankin (y mol) (x < y)

S dng s liu CO
2
v H
2
O sau phn ng t chy suy ra cc d kin sau:
- So snh ln nh v s mol xc nh loi lin kt trong hp cht hu c.
- Trong 3 i lng s mol CO
2
, s mol H
2
O, s mol hp cht hu c, nu bit 2 th ta tm
c i lng cn li.
- Lp t l
C
H
n
n
suy ra cng thc thc nghim ca hp cht hu c.
- Xc nh s C hoc H trung bnh theo cng thc:
S
2
CO
hchc
n
C =
n
hoc S
2
H O
hchc
2n
H =
n

- Bo ton nguyn t C v H, suy ra khi lng hirocacbon.
September 2011
Trang 4
LangQuang.YDS


Gii

2
1
ROH + Na RONa + H
2

p dng LBTKL:
2
H ancol Na
m = m + m - m
cht rn
= 0,3

2
ancol H
n = 2n = 0,3
ancol
2 5 3 7
15,6
46 (C H OH) < M = = 52 < 60 (C H OH)
0,3
(do ng ng lin tip)
Lu : Ancol tc dng vi Na

Na
n 2
n
R(OH) H
2
vi n l s nhm chc
Cng thc tnh s nhm OH hay s H linh ng
S nhm OH (H) =



Dng xc nh s nhm chc OH trong ancol hoc COOH trong axit khi cho tc dng vi
Na.
Trng hp thng gp:
2
H
n = n
cht hu c
cht c 2 nhm OH hoc 2 nhm COOH

Gii
Cho t t HCl vo dung dch Na
2
CO
3
ta c ln lt cc phn ng xy ra

+ 2- -
3 3
+ -
3 2 2
H + CO HCO
b b b
H + HCO CO + H O
(a - b) (a - b)

Khi cho d Ca(OH)
2
vo X thy xut hin kt ta trong X cn
-
3
HCO
V = 22,4(a b)
Lu : Khi cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch Na
2
CO
3
ta c ln lt cc phn ng nh trn,
nhng khi cho ngc li ta ch c mt phn ng duy nht
2H
+
+
2-
3
CO CO
2
+ H
2
O
September 2011
Trang 5
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
Thu phn lipit thu c 2 loi axit bo:
Lipit: RCOO-C
3
H
5
-(OOCR)
2

Ta c: n
glixerol
= n
lipit
= 0,5
M
lipit
= 888
Chn : C
17
H
35
COOH v C
17
H
33
COOH
Lu :
Cn thuc lng M ca Tristearin: M = 890 (lipit no) lm chun
M
lipit
gim 2 trong lipit c 1 gc axit bo khng no c 1t

Gii

(
2
CH -CHCl )
2
2k 3k k
Cl
2k 3k-1 k+1 k
C H Cl
C H Cl + HCl

35,5(k + 1)
%Cl = = 0,6396
62,5k + 34,5
k = 3
V d: Cao su lu ho c 2% S v khi lng, c bao nhiu mc xch isopren c 1 cu ni
isunfua (-S-S-). Gi thit rng cc S thay th cho H cu metylen ca cao su.
A.23. B. 46. C. 45. D. 40.
Gii

(
2 3 2
CH C(CH )=CH-CH )
n
+ 2S (
3 2
S-CH-C(CH )=CH-CH -S)n

64
%S = = 0,02
68n - 2 + 64
n = 46

Gii:
X, Y, Z l ng ng (hn km nhau 1 nhm CH
2
) nn:

Y X
Z X X X X
Z X
M M 14
M M 28 M 28 2M M 28
M 2M
= +

= + + = =

M
Y
= 42 (C
3
H
6
)
September 2011
Trang 6
LangQuang.YDS


2 2
O + Ca(OH)
3 6 2 3
C H 3CO 3CaCO
0,1 mol 0,3 0,3
+



m = 30 gam

Gii
Phng trnh cho nhn e:

+5 +2 +
N + 3e N Ag Ag + 1e
0, 3 0,1 0,3 0,3

n
Ag
= 0,3mol
TH
1
: RCHO 2Ag
n
X
= 0,15 M
X
= 44 (CH
3
CHO)
TH
2
: RCHO 4Ag
n
X
= 0,075 M
X
= 88 (loi)

Gii
n
Ag
= 0,4 = 4n
X
X c th l HCHO hoc X c 2 chc CHO loi B, D.
n
Na
= 0,2 = 2n
Y
X c 2 chc CHO Chn C

Gii
Ton CO
2
, SO
2
tc dng vi dung dch kim
1. CO
2
tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH
KOH
:
t:
2
NaOH
CO
b
a
n
T = =
n

TH
1
: T 1 CO
2
d to mui NaHCO
3

TH
2
: T 2 NaOH d to mui Na
2
CO
3

TH
3
: 1 < T < 2
Kho st:

( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
3 2 3 2
CO NaOH NaHCO
a a a
NaHCO NaOH Na CO H O
b a b a b a
+

+ +

September 2011
Trang 7
LangQuang.YDS



2 3
3
Na CO
NaHCO
n = b - a
n = a - (b - a) = 2a - b

2. CO
2
tc dng vi dung dch
2
2
( )
( )
Ca OH
Ba OH
:
t:
2
2
CO
Ca(OH)
n
a
T = =
n b

TH
1
: T 1 Ca(OH)
2
d to mui CaCO
3

TH
2
: T 2 CO
2
d to mui Ca(HCO
3
)
2

TH
3
: 1 < T < 2
Kho st:

( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 2
2
2 3 2 3
2
CO Ca OH CaCO H O
b bb
CO CaCO H O Ca HCO
a b a b a b
+ + +

+ +

3 2
3
Ca(HCO )
CaCO
n = a - b
n = b - (a - b) = 2b - a

3. CO
2
tc dng vi hn hp dung dch
NaOH
KOH
v
2
2
( )
( )
Ca OH
Ba OH
:
t:
-
2
OH
CO
b
T = =
n a

TH
1
: T 1 CO
2
d to mui HCO
3
-

TH
2
: T 2 OH
-
d to mui CO
3
2-

TH
3
: 1 < T < 2
Kho st:

( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
2
3 3 2
CO OH HCO
a a a
HCO OH CO H O
b a b a b a


+

+ +

(S ln S b)
(2S b S ln)
(2S b S ln)
(S ln S b)
September 2011
Trang 8
LangQuang.YDS


2-
3
-
CO
HCO3
n = b - a
n = a -(b - a) = 2a - b

Lu :
- Tnh lng kt ta sinh ra phi da trn
2-
3
CO
n so vi
2+
2+
n
Ca
n
Ba
:
- Nu
2-
3
CO
n <
2+
2+
n
Ca
n
Ba
n =
2-
3
CO
n
- Nu
2-
3
CO
n >
2+
2+
n
Ca
n
Ba
n =
2+
2+
n
Ca
n
Ba

- Thng thng ch cn nh TH
3
th c th p dng tng qut cho hai trng hp trn.
- Ton SO
2
cng thc tnh tng t.
Gii
Ta c:

2
2
2
3
3
CO
Ba(OH)
BaCO
CO
n = 0,12 mol
n = 2,5a mol
n = n = 0,08 mol

3 2
BaCO CO
n < n Xy ra hai trng hp
Theo cng thc, ta c:

3 2 2
BaCO Ba(OH) CO
n = 2n - n 2.2,5a - 0,12 = 0,08

=
a = 0, 04 mol


Gii
IN PHN
in phn dung dch:
- Catot cc (-): cc cho e cation tin v nhn e
- C mt cc cation kim loi M
n+
v H
+
(do nc hoc axit in li).
- Th t nhn electron:
K
+
< Ca
2+
< Na
+
< Mg
2+
< Al
3+
< H
2
O < Mn
2+
< Zn
2+
< Cr
3+
< Fe
2+
< Ni
2+
< Sn
2+
< Pb
2+
<
Fe
3+
< H
+
(axit) < Cu
2+
< Ag
+
< Hg
2+
< Pt
2+
< Au
3+


Quy lut: Cht no c tnh oxi ho mnh s b kh trc
- Ion kim loi mnh t Al
3+
tr v trc thc t khng in phn, thay vo l nc in
phn.
(2S b S ln)
(S ln S b)
September 2011
Trang 9
LangQuang.YDS


-
2 2
2H O + 2e 2OH + H
- Kim loi tip theo b kh theo phng trnh:
M
n+
+ ne M
- anot cc (+): cc nhn e
C mt cc anion gc axit hoc OH
-
(do nc hoc baz in li).
Th t nhng electron:
Kim loi lm in cc > S
2-
> I
-
> Br
-
> Cl
-
> OH
-
(baz) > H
2
O > Gc axit c oxi (SO
4
2-
,
NO
3
-
, CO
3
2-
,F
-
)
Quy lut:Cht c tnh kh mnh s b oxi ho trc.
- Cc anion SO
4
2-
, NO
3
-
, CO
3
2-
, SO
3
2-
, PO
4
3-
, F
-
,thc t khng in phn, thay vo
nc s in phn.
- Cc dng khng phi l in cc tr (than ch, Pt) th s b in phn trc tin ti cc
dng (hin tng dng cc tan). Khi cc dng b tan dn, cc m c bi p
dn bi kim loi do cc dng tan ra. y l hin tng xy ra khi m, trng kim loi.
- Thc t anion gc axit c oxi khng b in phn, thay vo nc s b in phn (b
oxi ho)

+
2 2
1
H O 2H + O + 2e
2

Cng thc Faraday:

A It
m = .
n F

Hoc dng cng thc tnh s mol kh thot ra mi in cc:
It
n =
96500n

Trong :
A: nguyn t khi.
n: s e tham gia phn ng in cc.
I: cng dng in.
t: thi gian in phn.
F: s Faraday ph thuc vo t.
Nu t(s) F = 96500.
Nu t(h) F = 26,8.
Cc kiu mc bnh in phn:
1. Mc ni tip:
- Cng dng in qua mi bnh l bng nhau.
- S thu v nhng e cc in cc cng tn phi nh nhau cc cht sinh ra cc in
cc cng tn phi t l mol vi nhau.
V d:
September 2011
Trang 10
LangQuang.YDS

Bnh 1: catot
Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
x 2x
Bnh 2: catot
Ag
+
+ 1e Ag
y y
y = 2x
2. Mc song song:
Cng dng in I qua n bnh bng
I
n
.
in phn nng chy
C 3 loi hp cht in phn nng chy:
1. Oxit kim loi:
M
x
O
y

dpnc
xM +
y
2
O
2

2. Mui clorua:
MCl
n

dpnc
M +
n
2
Cl
2

3. Hiroxit kim loi (nhm I
A
):
2MOH
dpnc
2M + O
2
+ H
2
O
Phng php ny dng iu ch nhng kim loi t Al tr v trc t cc oxit thay v dng
CO, H
2
.
Gii
2+ -
2
Catot (-) Anot (+)
Cu + 2e Cu 2Cl Cl + 2e
0,01 0,005 0,005 0,01




2 2
2NaOH + Cl NaClO + NaCl + H O
0,01 0,005

n
NaOH cn li
= 0,01 mol
n
NaOH ban u
= 0,01 + 0,01 = 0,02 mol
[NaOH] = 0,1M

Gii

2 3
NH -R-COOH + HCl ClNH -R-COOH
Chnh lch khi lng:
September 2011
Trang 11
LangQuang.YDS


X
m 13,95 - 10,3
n = = = 0,1mol
M 36,5

M
X
= 103 Chn C
Lu :
Cng thc tnh s mol da vo s chnh lch khi lng

m
n =
M

ng trong trng hp h s cn bng trong phng trnh bng nhau.
V d 1:

2+ 2+
Fe + Cu Fe + Cu

Cu Fe
Fe Cu
m - m
n = n =
64 - 56

V d 2:

2+ 3+
2Al + 3Cu 2Al + 3Cu

Cu Al
Al
m - m
n = 2.
3.64 - 2.27
phi nhn h s cn bng ca cht cn tnh s mol.

Gii

2 4
H SO (l)
4
Fe FeSO
0,1 mol 0,1 mol

4 2 4
KMnO + H SO
4 2 4 3 4
FeSO Fe (SO ) + MnSO
p dng LBT e ta c:

2+ 3+ 7+ 2+
Fe Fe + 1e Mn + 5e Mn
0,1 0,1 0, 02 0,1

4
KMnO
n = 0,02 mol
V = 0,04 lt = 40 ml

Gii
un dung dch X thu thm kt ta trong X c Ca(HCO
3
)
2

September 2011
Trang 12
LangQuang.YDS


3 2 3 2 2
Ca(HCO ) CaCO + CO + H O
1 mol 1 mol
o
t

3
CaCO
n = 5,5 mol
Bo ton C:

2 3 2 3
CO Ca(HCO ) CaCO
n = 2n + n 7,5 mol =

(
6 10 5
C H O )
enzim
2 5 2
n 2nC H OH + 2nCO
3,75 mol 7,5 mol

m
tinh bt
=
3, 75.162
= 750 gam
0, 81


Gii
Ta c:
S C
2
CO
Y
n
2a
= = = 2
n a

S nhm chc COOH =
NaOH
Y
n 2a
= 2
n a
=
Chn D

Gii
(X): C
2
H
7
NO
2
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c 2 kh
(X) gm: CH
3
COONH
4
(mui amoni) v HCOONH
3
CH
3
(mui to bi HCOOH v CH
3
NH
2
)
Ta c:
3
3 2
NH
CH NH
n = 0,05
n = 0,15

Phng trnh:

NaOH
3 4 3 3
NaOH
3 3 3 2
CH COONH CH COONa + NH
0, 05 0,05
HCOONH CH HCOONa + CH NH
0,15 0,15

m
mui
= 14,3 gam
September 2011
Trang 13
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
Gi s nng hai cht l aM
HCl l cht in li mnh nn in li hon ton

+ -
HCl H + Cl
a a

pH = x = lg[H
+
] = lg(a) (1)
100 phn t CH
3
COOH th c 1 phn t in li
in li o = 0,01

- +
3 3
CH COOH CH COO + H
a 0,01a

pH = y = lg[H
+
] = lg(0,01a) lg(a) = y + 2 (2)
T (1) v (2) x = y + 2 y = x 2
Lu :
in li cho bit phn trm cht tan phn li thnh ion v c biu din bng t s nng
mol ca phn t cht tan phn li thnh ion (C) v nng ban u ca cht in li (C
0
).
MA M
+
+ A
-


+ -
0 0 0
C [M ] [A ]
= = =
C C C

k: 0 1
- = 0: cht khng in li.
- =1: cht in li hon ton
in li ph thuc vo bn cht ca cht tan, nhit v nng dung dch. Dung dch
cng long (C
0
cng nh) th cng ln.
- i vi dung dch axit yu (o < 1)
HA H
+
+ A
-
(K
a
)
Ban u: C
0
0 0
in li: oC
0
oC
0
oC
0

Cn bng: (1-o)C
0
oC
0
oC
0


2 + -
0
a
C [H ][A ]
K = =
[HA] 1 -

o << 1 1 - o ~ 1
a
0
K
=
C

- i vi dung dch baz yu (o < 1)
MOH M
+
+ OH
-
(K
b
)
Ban u: C
0
0 0
September 2011
Trang 14
LangQuang.YDS

in li: oC
0
oC
0
oC
0

Cn bng: (1-o)C
0
oC
0
oC
0


2 + -
0
b
C [M ][OH ]
K = =
[MOH] 1 -

o << 1 1 - o ~ 1
b
0
K
=
C

Gii
+
2 4
HCl
H
H SO
n = 0,25
n = 0,5 mol
n = 0,125

)


Kim loi + 2H
+
H
2

2
H
n = 0,2375 mol S mol H
+
phn ng = 2.
2
H
n = 0,475 mol
S mol H
+
d = 0,025 mol
[H
+
] = 0,1M pH = 1

Gii
Bn cht ca oxit tc dng vi axit khng c tnh oxi ho

+ 2-
trong axit trong oxit 2
2H + O H O
Ta c:

+
2 4
H SO
H
n = 0,05 n = 0,1 mol

2
2H + O H O
0,1 0,05

m
O trong oxit
= 0,05.16 = 0,8 gam
m
KL trong oxit
= m
oxit
m
O
= 2,01 gam
m
mui
=
2
4
KL
SO
m + m

= 2,01 + 0,05.96 = 6,81 gam
Cch khc:
Oxit + H
2
SO
4
Mui + H
2
O
Ta c:
2 2 4
H O H SO
n = n = 0,05 mol
p dng LBTKL:
m
mui
= m
Oxit
+ m
Axit
m
Nc
= 2,81 + 0,05.98 0,05.18 = 6,81 gam
September 2011
Trang 15
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
t chy hon ton X vi oxi thu c kh Y gm CO
2
+ H
2
O + O
2 d

Y qua H
2
SO
4
c H
2
O b gi li Z gm CO
2
v O
2 d


x y 2 2 2
y y
C H + (x + )O xCO + H O
4 2
y
1 mol (x + ) mol x mol
4

2
O
n
d
= 10 -
y
(x + )
4


2 2
2
2 2
O CO
Z Z
H
O CO
y
32.[10 - (x + )] + 44x
m + m
4
d 19 M = 38 = 38
y
n + n
10 - (x + ) + x
4
8x + y = 40
= =

Chn x = 4 v y = 8 (C
4
H
8
)

Gii
Kho st p n X n chc cha 1 N
2
N X
n = 0,025 n = 0,05 mol

2
CO
n = 0,15 mol
S C =
2
CO
X
n
= 3
n
loi A, D.
Khi X tc dng vi NaOH thu c sn phm H
2
N-CH
2
-COONa Chn B.






September 2011
Trang 16
LangQuang.YDS

Gii

3 2 5 3 2 5 2
CH COOH + C H OH CH COOC H + H O

Ban u: 1 1 0 0
Phn ng:
2
3

2
3

2
3

2
3

Kt thc: (1 -
2
3
) (1 -
2
3
)
2
3

2
3

Hng s cn bng: K
C
=
2 2
.
3 3
= 4
2 2
1 . 1
3 3
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .

H
max
= 90%

3 2 5 3 2 5 2
CH COOH + C H OH CH COOC H + H O
Bd: 1 mol x mol 0 0
Pu: 0,9 mol 0,9 mol

0,9 mol 0,9 mol

KT: 0,1 mol (x - 0,9) 0,9 mol 0,9 mol

Nhit khng i K
C
khng i
K
C
=
0,9.0,9
= 4
0,1.(x - 0,9)
x = 2, 925 mol

Gii
Ta c:
n
O trong oxit
= 3a + b + c
Oxit tc dng vi axit:


(6a + 2b + 2c) (3a + b + c)
2H + O

HNO
3
ht
Trong dung dch c cc mui: Al(NO
3
)
3
: 2a mol, Cu(NO
3
)
2
: b mol, AgNO
3
; 2c mol
tch Ag ra khi mui ch cn dng kim loi c tnh kh mnh v AgNO
3
tc dng trc v
Ag
+
c tnh oxi ho mnh hn.

+
Ag + 1e Ag
2c 2c mol

S mol e Ag
+
nhn = 2c mol Chn B.

September 2011
Trang 17
LangQuang.YDS

KHI B-2007 M 285

Gii
m
cht rn gim
= m
O trong oxit
= 0,32 gam

2 2
R-CH OH + [O] R-CHO + H O
0,02 0,02 0,02

Hn hp hi gm R-CHO v H
2
O ( M 31 = )
Ta c:
2
RCHO+H O
n = 0,04 mol
2
RCHO+H O
m = 0,04.31 = 1,24 gam
Bo ton khi lng:

2
RCHO+H O [O]
m = m - m = 1,24 - 0,02.16 = 0, 92 gam

Gii
Ta c:
3+
-
3
Al
OH
Al(OH)
n = 0,3 mol
n = 0,5V mol
n = 0,2 mol

Gi tr ln nht ng vi trng hp kt ta to ra v tan mt phn trong NaOH d.

3+ -
3
- -
3 4
Al + 3OH Al(OH)
Al(OH) + OH [Al(OH) ]

p dng cng thc:

3+ -
3
Al(OH)
Al OH
n = 4n - n = 4.0,3 - 0,5V = 0,2 V = 2 lt

Gii
n 2n 2 2 2 2
3n - 2
C H O + O nCO + nH O
2
3n - 2
1 mol mol n mol n mol
2

S mol O
2
d =
3n - 2
2
S mol O
2
ban u = 3n 2
Hn hp sau khi t chy gm: O
2 d
=
3n - 2
2
mol, CO
2
= n mol, H
2
O = n mol
September 2011
Trang 18
LangQuang.YDS

Hn hp ban u gm: C
n
H
2n
O
2
= 1 mol, O
2
= (3n 2) mol
Qu trnh ng tch, ta c:

1 1
2 2
p n 1 + (3n - 2) 0,8
= = n = 3
3n - 2
p n 0, 95
n + n +
2
Chn D

Gii
n
Fe
= 0,12 mol

2 4 2 4 3 2 2
2Fe + 6H SO Fe (SO ) + 3SO + 6H O
0,1 0,3 0,05

n
Fe d
= 0,02 mol

2 4 3 4
Fe + Fe (SO ) 3FeSO
0, 02 0,02 mol 0,06

cn li
= 0,03 mol
Chn A

Lu :
TON KIM LOI TC DNG VI AXIT HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4

, nng

Vi HNO
3
:
Kim loi + HNO
3
Mui + + H
2
O
- Kim loi t Mg Al c th to ra tt c cc sn phm kh trn.
- Kim loi sau hiro hu nh to ra NO
2
, NO.
- HNO
3
c, ngui khng tc dng vi Al, Fe, Cr, Au, Pt.
Bi tp chnh:
September 2011
Trang 21
LangQuang.YDS


Gii

[KOH] = 0,24M
Bi ny yu cu thuc phng trnh iu ch KClO
3

Gii

Bo ton O:


Gii



Lu : Quan h s mol ca kim loi v H
2
trong cc phn ng gii phng H
2


M (ho tr n)
V d: Kim loi ho tr I H
2

Kim loi ho tr II H
2

Kim loi ho tr III 3/2H
2


Gii
Gi s V = 22,4 lt
TH
1
: Al tc dng vi NaOH ca Na sinh ra
September 2011
Trang 24
LangQuang.YDS

(X): ROOC-R-COOR (axit hai chc, ancol n chc)
ROOC-R-COOR + 2NaOH R(COONa)
2
+ ROH + ROH
2. Este 2 chc (X) + NaOH 2 mui + 1 ancol
(X): RCOO-R-OOCR (axit n chc, ancol hai chc)
RCOO-R-OOCR + 2NaOH RCOONa + RCOONa + R(OH)
2

3. Este 2 chc (X) + NaOH 1 mui + 1 ancol
(X): RCOO-R-OOCR hoc ROOC-R-COOR
Phng trnh:
RCOO-R-OOCR + 2NaOH 2RCOONa + R(OH)
2

ROOC-R-COOR + 2NaOH R(COONa)
2
+ 2ROH
4. Este 2 chc (X) + NaOH 1 mui + 1 ancol c s mol bng nhau
(X): R(COO)
2
R (axit v ancol u 2 chc)
PT: R(COO)
2
R + 2NaOH R(COONa)
2
+ R(OH)
2

Gii

4 2 2 4 2
1
CuSO + H O Cu + H SO + O
2
a mol a mol
dp

2 2 2
1 1
NaCl + H O NaOH + Cl + H
2 2
b mol b mol
dp

dung dch phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th b > 2a (mi trng kim)
Lu : Bn cht ca phn ng gia axit v baz l:

Gii
Ta c:

d
= 0,005 mol [H
+
] = 0,01M pH = 2
September 2011
Trang 25
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
2
CO
n < 0,8 s C < 8 loi A, B
X tc dng vi NaOH theo t l 1:1 X c 1 nhm chc COOH hoc 1 nhm chc phenol
Chn C.

Gii
Ta c:
2
2
X
O
CO
n = 0,05
n = 0,175
n = 0,15

S C = 3 loi A
2 2
H O CO X
n = n + n 0,2 mol = (do X no)
Bo ton O:

2 2 2
[O] [O] [O] [O]
X CO H O O
n = n + n - n = 0,15 mol
S O trong X = Chn C.

Gii
TH
1
: Cu d

TH
2
: H
+
va

V
2
= 2V
1

September 2011
Trang 26
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
t:
Zn
Fe
n = a mol
n = b mol

p dng LBT e, ta c:

2+
2
2+
Zn Zn + 2e
a 2a Cu + 2e Cu
2(a + b) (a + b) Fe Fe + 2e
b 2b
+

Ta c:
Fe + Zn Cu
m = m 65a + 56b = 64(a + b) a = 8b
%m
Zn
= 90,27%

Gii
RCHO + [O] RCOOH
Bo ton khi lng:
m
O
= 3 2,2 = 0,8 n
O
= 0,05 = n
anehit

M
anehit
= 44 Chn D.

Gii
2 4
2
2 2
C H
+ O +HCN
2 4 3 3 PdCl , CuCl
n = 0,2
C H CH CHO CH CH(CN)OH
0,1 0,1 mol

H = 50%


Gii

September 2011
Trang 27
LangQuang.YDS


2 3 2 3
2Al + Cr O Al O + 2Cr
0,2 0,1 0,2 mol

n
Al d
= 0,1 mol

2
2
H
2
3
Al H
2
0,1 0,15
n = 0,35
Cr H
0,2 0,2
HCl
HCl

V = 7, 84 lt
KHI A-2008 M 263

Gii
V
lc u
= V
X
+
2
H
V = 4V
V
lc sau
= V
Y
= 2V
V
lc u
V
lc sau
=
2
H
V
phn ng
= 2V = 2V
X
X c 2t loi A, C
Z + Na H
2

2
H Z
n = n Z c hai nhm OH X c 2 nhm CHO, m trong X c 2t X no, hai chc.
Chn B.

Gii


Lu :
Cng thc tnh khi lng mol trung bnh cho hn hp hai cht:
(1)
Hoc:

1 2
M = a.M + (1-a)M (2) vi a l phn trm ca M
1
(M
1
> M
2
)
September 2011
Trang 31
LangQuang.YDS


4. Dung dch H
+
tc dng vi hn hp dung dch OH
-
v [Al(OH)
4
]
-
:
Tng t TH
3
nhng cng thm lng OH
-

S mol kt ta cn li:

TON KM:
Dung dch Zn
2+
tc dng vi dung dch kim:
t:
Kho st:
Zn
2+
+ 2OH
-
Zn(OH)
2

a 2a a
Zn(OH)
2
+ 2OH
-
[Zn(OH)
4
]
2-

(b 2a)
S mol kt ta:


p dng cho bi ton trn
Ta c:
Phng trnh phn ng: u tin H
+
trc

cn li
= 2V 0,2
Gi tr ln nht ca V ng vi trng hp kt ta to ra sau b ho tan mt phn
Ta c:
3+ -
Al OH
n = 4n - n = 4.0,2 - (2V - 0,2) = 0,1 + V = 0, 45 lt

Gii
Oxit tc dng vi CO hoc H
2
: (i vi oxit ca kim loi sau nhm)
September 2011
Trang 36
LangQuang.YDS

V
kh thin nhin
=
4
CH
V
=
80%
3
448 m

Gii
Bo ton e:

3+
+
2+
0,5 mol
Al Al + 3e
Ag + 1e Ag
0,1 0,3
0,5 0,5 0,5
Fe Fe + 2e
0,1 0,1 0, 2

d
= 0,05 tip tc tc dng vi Fe
2+

Phng trnh:

n
Ag
= 0,55 m
Ag
= 59,4 gam

Gii
Phn 2: tc dng vi dd NaOH thu c kh H
2
Al d v Fe
2
O
3
ht

n
Al d
= 0,025 mol
Phn 1:

Phng trnh:
September 2011
Trang 37
LangQuang.YDS


2 3 2 3
2Al + Fe O Al O + 2Fe
0,1 0,05 0,1 mol

n
Al ban u
= 2.(0,1 + 0,025) = 0,25

2 3
Fe O
n
ban u
= 0,05.2 = 0,1
(do chia thnh hai phn bng nhau)
2 3
Al Fe O
m = m + m = 22, 75 gam

Gii
T l th tch cng chnh l t l v s mol
Y
M=24
m = 24.3 = 72

M m
X
= m
Y
M
X
= 72 (C
5
H
12
)

Gii

+3 - 2- -
2 4 2
2Cr + 3Cl + 16OH 2CrO + 6Cl + 8H O
0, 01 0,015 0,08

KHI B-2008 M 195

Gii
Do hai ru n chc no nn ta c th t cng thc chung l:

Bo ton khi lng

September 2011
Trang 38
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
3
CH OH
n
ban u
= 0,0375 mol

3 3
AgNO /NH
H%
3 2
HCHO 4Ag
0, 03 mol 0,12 mol
CH OH + [O] HCHO + H O
0,03 mol 0,03 mol

3
CH OH
n
phn ng
= 0,03 mol
H = 80%

Gii
ru =



Th tch ru nguyn cht = 5.0,46 = 2,3 lt
Khi lng ru nguyn cht = 2,3.0,8 = 1,84 kg
n
ru
= 0,04 kmol
S phn ng

+
H ln men
6 10 5 n 6 12 6 2 5 2
(C H O ) nC H O 2nC H OH + 2nCO
0,02 kmol 0,04 kmol

Khi lng tinh bt thc t = 0,02.162 = 3,24 kg
Khi lng tinh bt l thuyt = 3,24:0,72 = 4,5 kg

Gii

September 2011
Trang 39
LangQuang.YDS

p sut trong bnh trc v sau phn ng bng nhau c ngha l lng kh O
2
tham gia phn ng
bng lng kh sinh ra
0,25a + 2,75b = a + 2b a = b

Gii
Hn hp:
2 3
2 3
3 4
FeO
FeO a mol
Fe O 72a + 160b = 9,12 (*)
Fe O b mol
Fe O

Phng trnh phn ng

HCl
2
HCl
2 3 3
FeO FeCl
a a mol
Fe O 2FeCl
b 2b mol

Ta c:
2
FeCl
n = 0,06 mol a = 0,06 mol
Th a vo (*) b = 0,03

3
3
FeCl
FeCl
n = 2b = 0,06 mol
m =

9, 75 gam


Gii
Ta c:
Mg
NO
n = 0,09 mol
n = 0,04 mol

Bo ton e:

2+ +5 +2
Mg Mg + 2e N + 3e N
0,09 0,18 0,12 0,04



Nhn thy, nu ch c sn phm kh l NO, s mol e cho ln hn s mol e nhn trong khi HNO
3

d, vy ngoi NO cn c sn phm kh khc v l NH
4
NO
3

Dung dch X cha Mg(NO
3
)
2
0,09 mol v NH
4
NO
3
0,0075 mol
m
mui khan
= 13,92 gam
September 2011
Trang 40
LangQuang.YDS

Lu :
Kim loi + HNO
3
Mui + + H
2
O
- Kim loi t Mg Al c th to ra tt c cc sn phm kh trn.
- Kim loi sau hiro hu nh to ra NO
2
, NO.
- HNO
3
c, ngui khng tc dng vi Al, Fe, Cr, Au, Pt.

Gii
Ta c:
X cha 1N nn X c th l este ca amino axit hoc mui ca amin hoc mui amoni, d cht
no X cng tc dng vi NaOH theo t l mol 1:1
Nhn thy s mol NaOH d = 0,05 mol
11,7 gam cht rn gm NaOH d v mui
m
mui
= m
rn
m
NaOH d
= 9,7 gam
Ta c: n
X
= n
mui
M
mui
= 97 (RCOONa) R = 30 (H
2
NCH
2
-)
Chn D.

Gii
Ta c:

phn ng
= 0,025 mol
loi D.
Th tch kh cn li l CH
4
Th tch hirocacbon phn ng vi Br
2
= 0,56 lt n
hcb
= 0,025
Nhn thy s mol hirocacbon = s mol Br
2
phn ng cht cn li l anken loi B
S phn ng t chy:
September 2011
Trang 41
LangQuang.YDS


4 2
n 2n 2
CH CO
0, 05 0,05 mol
C H nCO
0,025 0,025n mol

2
CO
n = 0,05 + 0,025n = 0,125
n = 3

Chn C.

Gii
3 4 3 n 3n 4n 3n 3n 3n 3n
3n- 4n-
2 2 2
3n 5n 3n
2 2 2
(C H O ) C H O C H (COOH)
C H (COOH)

V X no, xem COOH nh 1H, ta c:
2.S C + 2 = S H
3n 5n 3n
2. + 2 = + n = 2
2 2 2

X: C
6
H
8
O
6

Lu :
t cng thc hp cht hu c:
Cng thc hirocacbon:
- C
x
H
y
vi x 1, y 2x +2
y = 2x + 2 l s H ti a hp cht c lin kt n.
- Hoc: C
n
H
2n + 2 2a
vi a l s lin kt .
Cng thc hp cht c nhm chc
C
n
H
2n + 2 2a k
(X)
k

Vi a l s lin kt , k l s nhm chc, X l k hiu nhm chc.
Nhn nh lin kt trong hp cht hu c
1. Hp cht C
x
H
y
hoc C
x
H
y
O
z
:
Hp cht c lin kt n khi s H t ti a y = 2x + 2
Nu gim 2H s to 1 lin kt hoc 1 vng.
2. Hp cht C
x
H
y
N
t
hoc C
x
H
y
O
z
N
t
:
Hp cht c lin kt n khi s H t ti a y = 2x + 2 + t.
Nu gim 2H s to 1 lin kt hoc 1 vng.
Lu : Tng ho tr cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c lun l s chn.

Gii
September 2011
Trang 43
LangQuang.YDS

m = 0,1.27 + 0,15.64 = 12,3 gam

Gii
Ta c:
X
NaOH
n = 0,1 mol
n = 0,2 mol

X tc dng vi NaOH cho mui v cht hu c (hoc kho st p n) X l este
Nhn nh lin kt: X c 2t, X no c 4O X l este no 2 chc
X tc dng vi NaOH cho hn hp mui X to t ancol 2 chc v axit n chc
X: RCOO-R-OOCR
Phng trnh phn ng:
2
RCOO R OOCR+2NaOH R'COONa+R"COONa + R(OH)
0,1 mol 0,1 mol 0,1 mol

m
mui
= m
RCOONa
+ m
RCOONa
= 0,1(R + 67) + 0,1 (R + 67) = 17,8
R + R = 44
Chn R = 15 (CH
3
-) v R = 29 (C
2
H
5
-) hoc ngc li
X: CH
3
COO-(CH
2
)
2
-OOCC
2
H
5


Gii
pH = 1 [H
+
] = 0,1M
+
H
n = 0,01 mol
n
NaOH
= 0,1a mol
Phng trnh ion:

+ -
2
H + OH H O
0,01 0,01

S mol OH
-
tham gia phn ng trung ho = 0,01 mol
pH = 12 pOH = 2 [OH
-
] = 0,01M
-
OH
n = 0,002 mol (s mol NaOH cn li sau phn
ng)
S mol NaOH ban u = 0,002 + 0,01 = 0,012 = 0,1a a = 0,12

Gii
September 2011
Trang 45
LangQuang.YDS

Khi lng cht rn hai TN bng nhau
56(a V
1
) + 64V
1
= 56(a 0,05V
2
) + 10,8V
2

V
1
= V
2


Gii
R trong hp cht RH
3
c ho tr III Trong hp cht vi oxi R c ho tr cao nht l V
R
2
O
5

Ta c:
80
%O = = 0,7407
2R + 80
R = 14 (N)


Gii
S phn ng:
Cht bo + 3NaOH mui + C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

0,06 mol 0,02 mol
Bo ton khi lng:
m
x phng
= m
cht bo
+ m
NaOH
- m
glixerol
= 17,24 + 0,06.40 0,02.92 = 17,80 gam

Gii
Fe tc dng vi HNO
3
trc theo phng trnh

Cu tip tc tc dng vi Fe theo phng trnh

Nhn thy s mol Cu d = 0,075 mol
Vy cn thm mt lng HNO
3
ho tan Cu d theo phng trnh



September 2011
Trang 46
LangQuang.YDS

Gii
Ta c:
2
CO
hh
V
2
C = = 2
V 1
= S C ca X l 2 loi C, D
S H ca X l 6 trong hai p n cn li
Chn A.
Cch khc:
p dng lu cu 9 khi A-2007
Trng hp t chy 2 hirocacbon, s mol H
2
O bng s mol CO
2

- TH
1
: Hn hp 2 anken loi, v c C
2
H
2

- TH
2
: Hn hp gm 1 ankin v 1 ankan c s mol bng nhau
X: C
n
H
2n+2

Ta c:
S phn ng t chy


Gii
S phn ng

Chn C.
Gii
t:
Bo ton e:
September 2011
Trang 47
LangQuang.YDS


2+
2+
2+
Cu + 2e Cu
a 2a a Zn Zn + 2e
(a + b) (a + b) 2(a + b) Fe + 2e Fe
b 2b b

Khi lng cht rn thu c nh hn khi lng Zn ban u l 0,5 gam, ngha l khi lng Zn
phn ng ln hn khi lng cht rn sinh ra l 0,5 gam hay chnh lch 1 lng m = 0,5

Zn Cu Fe
m - (m + m ) = 0,5
65(a + b) - (64a + 56b) = 0,5
a + 9b = 0,5 (1)

Mt khc: m
mui
= 13,6 gam
2
ZnCl
m = 13,6 136(a + b) = 13,6 a + b = 0,1 (2)
T (1), (2) suy ra a = b = 0,05 mol
m
X
= 13,1 gam
KHI A-2009 M 175

Gii
t:
4
ZnSO
n = x mol
Ta c:
C hai trng hp u cho lng kt ta bng nhau, nn TH
2
kt ta to ra sau ho tan 1 phn
trong kim d
Phng trnh phn ng

Lng kt ta hai phn ng bng nhau nn: 2x 0,14 = 0,11 x = 0,125 mol
September 2011
Trang 49
LangQuang.YDS


x y x y
2
2
N O N O
H
N O
d = 22 M = 44
n = 0,042 mol

2
N O

Bo ton e:

+5
n+
2
2N + 8e N O
M M + ne
0,336 0,042
0,336
0,336
n

M
M
= 9n
Chn n = 3 M = 27 (Al)

Gii
Ta c: X no, a chc loi B
Xem

Chn C.

Gii
Nhn xt p n ta nhn thy hn hp hai este l n chc, no.
X phng ho thu c mt mui v hai ancol ng ng hai este ny c to ra t mt axit
v hai ancol l ng ng hay hai este ny l ng ng ca nhau.
Bo ton khi lng ta c:
m
NaOH
= m
mui
+ m
ancol
- m
este
= 2,05 + 0,94 1,99 = 1 gam
n
NaOH
= 0,05 mol
Do n chc: n
este
= n
NaOH
= 0,05 mol

Chn A.

September 2011
Trang 51
LangQuang.YDS

Gii
t x l s mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
b nhit phn
Phng trnh phn ng:

Bo ton khi lng, ta c
m
X
= 6,58 4,96 = 1,62 gam
32.0,5x + 46.2x = 1,62 x = 0,015 mol
Hp th X vo nc

[HNO
3
] = 0,1 pH = 1

Gii
Ta c:

2
2
CO C
H O H
V V
n = n =
22,4 22,4
a a
n = n =
18 9

Hn hp hai ancol no, n chc nn

2 2
ancol H O CO [O] trong ancol
a V
n = n - n = - = n
18 22,4

Bo ton khi lng, ta c

ancol C H O
V a a V
m = m = m + m + m = 12. + 1. + 16. -
22,4 9 18 22,4
5V
= a - =
28
| |
|
\ .

V
m a -
5, 6


Gii
September 2011
Trang 55
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
Ta c:
2
2 2
2
CO
CO H O n 2n
H O
n = 0,4 mol
n = n ete: C H O
n = 0,4 mol

Trong hn hp ban u c 1ancol khng no c 1t
loi B, C
S phn ng t chy

n 2n 2
C H O nCO
0,4
0,4 mol
n

ete
0,4
m = .(14n + 16) = 7,2 n = 4
n

Tng s C trong hai ancol bng 4
Chn D.

Gii
Ta c:
+
3
Fe
Cu
H
NO
n = 0,02
n = 0,03
n = 0,4
n 0, 08

Bo ton e:

n
e nhng
= 0,12 mol < n
e nhn
= 0,24 mol
Fe v Cu tan ht
Vit li phng trnh nhn e
September 2011
Trang 62
LangQuang.YDS

Ta c:
Phng trnh ion:

OH- d 0,02 mol [OH-] = 0,1M (th tch dung dch lc sau l 200 ml)
pOH = 1 pH = 13

Gii



Gii
Cho kh X vo Ca(OH)
2
thu c kt ta trong X c CO
2

Do khi lng mol trung bnh ca X bng 32 nn X gm CO, CO
2
v O
2
d (do in cc lm
bng than ch nn tc dng vi O
2
)
n = 0,02 mol trong 22,4 lt X c
Trong 67,2 m
3
X c
t:
Ta c:

Phng trnh phn ng
September 2011
Trang 67
LangQuang.YDS


Nhn thy khng c natri halogen no c khi lng mol > 201
Trng hp ny loi
Vy trng hp cn li l NaF v NaCl

m
NaF
= 6,03 m
NaCl
= 2,52 gam
% = 41,8%

Gii
Sau phn ng Cu cn d 2,4 gam, vy trong dung dch tn ti ion Fe
2+
v Cu
2+
(do Cu d nn
tip tc kh Fe
3+
thnh Fe
2+
)
m
X phn ng
= 61,2 m
Cu d
= 58,8 gam
t:
Bo ton e, ta c:

T (1) v (2), suy ra a = 0,375 v b = 0,15
S chuyn ho thnh mui
m
mui
= 151,5 gam

September 2011
Trang 68
LangQuang.YDS

Gii
X phn ng vi Cu(OH)
2
trong mi trng kim loi B, C
Ta c:
2
2 2
2
CO
H O CO
H O
n = 0,0195
n = n
n = 0,0195

X c 1 t loi A
Chn D.

Gii
Ta c: n
X
= n
NaOH
= a mol X cha 1 chc COOH (hoc OH gn trc tip vo vng benzen)

2
X H
n = n = a mol X c 2 H linh ng
Chn C.

Gii
Ta c:
2+
+
3
Cu
H
NO
n = 0,16
n = 0,4
n = 0,32

Sau phn ng thu c hn hp bt kim loi tc Cu v Fe d, vy trong dung dch ch c ion
kim loi Fe
2+

Bo ton e, ta c

+
3 2
2
4H + NO + 3e NO + 2H O
0,4 0,3 0,1 V =
Cu + 2e Cu
0,16 0,32 0,16

2, 24 lt

n
e nhn
= 0,62 mol

m
Fe phn ng
= 17,36 gam
m
Fe d
= m 17,36
0,6m gam hn hp gm Cu v Fe d
(m 17,36) + 0,16.64 = 0,6m m = 17,8 gam
September 2011
Trang 70
LangQuang.YDS

2 2
C H
X
0,15
%n = = 0,25
0, 6
c
= 0,25 (3)
a + b + c

(phn trm s mol khng thay i)
T (1), (2) v (3), suy ra a = 0,2, b = 1 v c = 0,1

Ch : Khi cho 2 th nghim khng ng nht v n v th phng php gii l lp t l mol

Gii
Gi s:
- Hn hp ch gm axit Y: RCOOH

- Hn hp ch gm Z: R(COOH)
2


0,2 < n
X
< 0,4
Tnh s C (do Y v Z c cng s C)
S C = 2: CH
3
COOH (Y) v HOOC-COOH (Z) loi A, B
t: (1)
Ta c:
T (1) v (2) suy ra a = 0,2 v b = 0,1
%m
Z
= 42,86%

Gii
September 2011
Trang 71
LangQuang.YDS

X
NaOH
n = 0,25 mol
n = 0,3 mol

n
NaOH d
= 0,05 mol (do n chc nn t l mol 1:1)
Ta c: M
ancol
> 32 gc ancol trong X phi l C
2
H
5
-
X: NH
2
-CH
2
-COO-C
2
H
5

2 2
X + NaOH NH CH COONa
0,25 0,25 mol

Trong dung dch Y c 0,25 mol mui v 0,05 mol NaOH d
m
rn
= 26,25 gam

Gii
t (X):
n 2n
C H O
Phng trnh

Chnh lch khi lng:

Phng trnh t chy


X
m = 0,5.(14n + 16) = 17, 8 gam

Gii
Ta c:
2+
+
Cu
Ag
n = 0,02
n = 0,02

Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch theo th t Ag
+
b kh trc
September 2011
Trang 76
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
S phn ng:

2
2 6
2 6 2 2 2 4 dd Br Ni
Z
2 2 2 2
X Z
2
Y
C H
C H C H 0,02 C H
M = 20,16
H 0,03 C H H
H

Ta c:
Khi lng bnh Br
2
tng chnh l khi lng ca C
2
H
4
v C
2
H
2
b gi li

tng
=

Gii
Lu : Theo chiu tnh oxi ho tng dn

Ta c:
Phng trnh

n
Cu d
= 0,1 mol m
Cu
= 6,4 gam

Gii
September 2011
Trang 77
LangQuang.YDS

2 2 4
2
2
3 2
2 + O H SO d
2
x y 2
2
250 ml
500 ml (X)
550 ml (Y)
H O
CO
(CH ) NH
CO
H O
C H
N
N
V = 550 - 250 = 300 ml

t:
3 2
x y
(CH ) NH
C H
V = a ml
a + b = 100 a = 100 - b (1)
V = b ml

3 2 2 2 2
2 2
x y
(CH ) NH 2CO + 3,5H O + 0,5N
a 2a 3,5a 0,5a
C H xCO + 0,5yH O
b xb 0,5yb

2 2
CO N
V + V = 250
2a + xb + 0,5a = 250 2,5a + xb = 250 (2)

Th (1) vo (2) ta c:

loi A, D
Ta c s H trung bnh ca hn hp X =
S H ca amin bng 7 nn ta loi C, v C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
lun c s H trung bnh ln hn 6
Chn B.

Gii

Ta c:

Mt khc, s lin kt t < 3, theo quy tc v s H ti a ta c
September 2011
Trang 80
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
Ta c:
3
3
BaCO
CaCO
n = 0,06
n = 0,07

TH
1
: Ch c Na
2
CO
3
tc dng vi BaCl
2
cho kt ta
(V th tch gim mt na)
TH
2
: Khi un nng c hai mui u tc dng vi CaCl
2
theo phng trnh

y = 0,04 mol
Bo ton C, ta c:


Lu : Mui CaCl
2
, BaCl
2
khng cho kt ta vi nhit thng. Khi un nng
b nhit phn cho
2-
3
CO cho kt ta vi hai mui trn

o
t 2
3 3 2 2
2 2
3 3
HCO CO + CO + H O
Ca + CO CaCO

+

+


Gii
September 2011
Trang 84
LangQuang.YDS


n+
+ 2
4 2 2
Fe Fe + ne
x nx mol
4H + SO + 2e SO + H O
5x 2,5x

nx = 2,5x = y
Chn D.

Gii
X phn ng ti a vi 2 mol HCl hoc 2 mol NaOH
(X): NH
2
-R-(COOH)
2
v R-NH
2

S
2
CO
X
n
6
C = = 3
n 2
=
Do s mol mi cht trong X bng nhau nn s C trung bnh cng chnh l s C ca mi cht
(X): NH
2
-CH-(COOH)
2
v C
3
H
7
-NH
2

Bo ton H v N, suy ra: x = 7 v y = 1

Gii

Ta c h phng trnh:
m = 10,9 gam

Gii
S phn ng:


September 2011
Trang 88
LangQuang.YDS

Gi s X l amin no

n 2n+3 2 2 2
C H N nCO + (n + 1,5)H O + 0,5N
V nV (n + 1,5)V 0,5V

2 2 2
CO H O N
V + V + V = nV + (n + 1,5)V + 0,5V = 8V
n = 3

Chn A.

Gii
Tch nc 2 ancol thu c 2 anken Hai ancol c cu to i xng hoc ancol bc 1
loi A.
Nhn xt p n Y l ancol no, n chc

2 5 2
n 2n+1 2
C H OH 3H O (1)
1 mol 3 mol
C H OH (n + 1)H O (2)
1 mol (n + 1) mol

Ta c:

Chn C.

Gii
Ta c:
Phng trnh phn ng

n
CuO d
= 0,2 0,03 = 0,17 mol
m
X
= m
Cu
+ m
CuO d
= 15,52 gam
%m
Cu
= 12,37%


September 2011
Trang 89
LangQuang.YDS

KHI B-2010 M 174

Gii
t:
3 2
HNO H O
n = a mol n = 0,5a
Bo ton N, ta c:

3
NO
n
trong mui
=
3
N trong NO
NO trong axit
n - n = a - 0,03

S phn ng:
3 3 x 2
Y + HNO X(NO ) + NO + H O
2,71 (g) 63a (g) 0,9 (g) 9a (g)

Bo ton khi lng, ta c:

3 3 x 2
-
3
X(NO )
3 x
Y HNO X(NO ) NO H O
X
NO
m
m + m = m + m + m
2,71 + 63a = m + m + 0,9 + 9a
2,71 + 63a = 2,23 + 62.(a - 0,03) + 0,9 + 9a
a = 0,18 mol

Chn D.
Cch khc:
Y gm c oxit v kim loi d, khi cho tc dng vi HNO
3
, mt phn axit tham gia phn ng oxit
axit, mt phn tham gia phn ng oxi ho kh
Ta c:
Oxit + HNO
3
:

Kim loi + HNO
3
:



Gii
S phn ng:
September 2011
Trang 90
LangQuang.YDS


16 32 2 2 2
18 36 2 2 2
18 32 2 2 2
a.panmitic C H O 16CO + 16H O
a.stearic C H O 18CO + 18H O
a.linoleic C H O 18CO + 16H O

Nhn xt a.pamitic v a.stearic trong phn t c 1t khi t chy cho
2 2
CO H O
n = n , nn s chnh
lch s mol CO
2
v H
2
O l ca a.linoleic
2 2
CO H O a.linoleic
a.linoleic
n - n = 0,03 = 2n
n =

0, 015 mol

Cch khc:
Gii phng trnh 3 n

Gii
Ta c:

[O] CO
oxit
n = n = 0,8mol
M + H
2
SO
4
0,9 mol SO
2

Bo ton e, ta c:

n c hai gi tr 2 v 3


Gii

Ta c:
September 2011
Trang 94
LangQuang.YDS


4 2 2 2 4
1
CuSO + H O Cu + O + H SO
2
a a 0,5a a mol

m
dd gim
=
2 2 4
Cu O H SO
m + m = 8 gam 64a + 32.0,5a = 8 n = 0,1 mol a = 0,1 mol
Gi
d
= b mol
Vy trong dung dch Y c b mol CuSO
4
d v 0,1 mol H
2
SO
4
u tc dng vi Fe

d
= 0,3 (0,1 + b) = 0,2 b
12,4 gam kim loi gm c Cu v Fe d

ban u
= a + b = 0,25 mol [CuSO4] = 1,25M

Gii
8Al + 3Fe
3
O
4
4Al
2
O
3
+ 9Fe
Ban u: 0,4 0,15
Phn ng: x 0,375x 1,125x
Kt thc: (0,4 x) (0,15 0,375x) 1,125x
Hn hp sau phn ng gm c Al
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
d, Al d (0,4 x) mol, Fe 1,125x mol

2 4
2
2 4
H SO l
2
H
H SO l
2
Fe H
1,125x 1,125x
n = 1,125x + 1,5.(0,4 - x) = 0,48
3
Al H
2
(0,4 - x) 1,5.(0,4 - x)

x = 0, 32 mol

0, 32
H = = 80%
0, 4


Gii
X l anehit no, n chc X c 1t
September 2011
Trang 98
LangQuang.YDS

M gm :
2
NaOH
2x
NaO
R'COOH + + H O
2x mol
R'COOR + H
y
+
y mol
R

'C

OON

a
2x
R'COONa
y

ROH
x mol
ROH
y


Ta c:
Th (1) vo (3) ta c R = 15 (CH
3
-) loi A v C
Ta lun c x + y < 0,2
(2) R + 17 > 40, 25 R > 23,25 loi B.

Gii

Trng hp 1:

Trng hp 2:

Bo ton in tch ta c

2+ + -
3
+
Ca Na HCO Cl
Na
2n + 1.n = 1.n + 1.n
2.0,04 + n = 0,06 + 0,1

+
Na
n = 0, 08 mol

Khi un nng dung dch X ta c phn ng

to 2
3 3 2 2
2HCO CO + CO + H O
0,06 0,03 0,03 mol

m
cht rn
=
2 2
X CO H O
m - (m + m ) = 8, 79 gam

September 2011
Trang 100
LangQuang.YDS

Ta c:
Theo th t trong dy in ho Cu s b oxi ho trc




Gii
p dng LBTKL, ta c

HCl HCl
m = 17,64 - 8,88 = 8,76 n = 0,24

2 x 3 x
R(NH ) + xHCl R(NH Cl)
0,24
0,24
x

amin
8,88
M = = 37x
0,24
x
( vi x l s nhm chc NH
2
)
Chn x = 2 M = 74 (H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
)

Gii
Ta c: X no, n chc
(do X n chc c 1O)

Phng trnh ete ho




September 2011
Trang 101
LangQuang.YDS

KHI A-2011 M 273

Gii
Ta c:
3 2
KCl
Cu(NO )
n = 0,1
n = 0,15

Phng trnh in phn:

3 2 2 3
2KCl + Cu(NO ) Cu + Cl + 2KNO
0,1 0,05 0,05 0,05

3 2
Cu(NO )
n
d
= 0,1 mol
m
dd gim
=
2
Cu Cl
m + m = 0,05.64 + 0,05.71 = 6,75 gam < 10,75 gam
Cu(NO
3
)
2
tip tc b in phn

m
dd gim
= 6,75 + 64a + 0,5a.32 = 10,75 a = 0,05 mol <
d
= 0,1mol
Vy trong dung dch cn Cu(NO
3
)
2
, KNO
3
v HNO
3
.

Gii
Axit hai chc, mch h c 1 lin kt C=C CTTQ: CnH2n-4O4

Ta c:

Bo ton nguyn t
September 2011
Trang 102
LangQuang.YDS


( )
axit C H O
V 5V y
m = = m + m + m = .12 + 2.y + - .4.16 =
22, 4 224 2

| |
|
\ .

55V
x - 30y
28
28
V = x + 30y
55


Gii
Ta c:
Khi cho Fe v Cu vo dung dch theo th t trong dy in ho Fe s phn ng trc
Nhn xt khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng l 0,75m ln hn 0,7m khi lng ca Cu,
vy chng t Cu khng tham gia phn ng.
m
Fe phn ng
= 0,25m gam
Do Fe d nn mui thu c cha ion Fe
2+

S phn ng

Bo ton nguyn t N

3 2 x
[N] [N] [N]
axit Fe(NO ) NO
n = n + n
0, 7 x.2 + 0,25 = x = 0, 225 mol

n
Fe phn ng
= 0,225 mol m
Fe phn ng
= 12,6 gam = 0,25m
m = 50,4 gam

Gii
2
2 6
2 6 2 2 2 4 dd Br Ni,t
2 2 2 2
X 0,2 mol
2
Y
C H
C H C H x mol C H
M = 16
H x mol C H H
H

Ta c:
tng
= = 10,8 gam
September 2011
Trang 103
LangQuang.YDS

2 6 2
C H H
m + m = 16.0,2 = 3,2 gam

2 4 2 2 2 6 2
C H C H C H H
= m + m + m + m = 14 gam
X Y
m = m
2 2 2
X C H H
m = m + m = 26x + 2x = 14
x = 0,5 mol

t chy trng thi Y cng nh t chy trng thi X

2
2 2 2 2 2
O
2 2 2
5
C H + O 2CO + H O
2
0,5 1,25 mol
n = 1,5 mol
1
H + O H O
2
0,5 0,25 mol

2
O
V = 33, 6 lt

Gii
Ta c:
2
-
2+
CO
OH
Ca
n = 0,03
n = 0,05
n = 0,0125

-
2
OH
CO
n
1 < 1, 67 < 2
n
= c 2 trng hp xy ra

p dng cng thc dng tng qut, ta c:


Gii
C
7
H
8
c 4 lien kt t
X tc dng vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
th phi c lin kt CC u mch
Phng trnh phn ng tng qut
September 2011
Trang 109
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
t cng thc chung ca 3 axit l R(COOH)
x


3
+ NaHCO
x 2
R(COOH) xCO
0,7
0,7 mol
x

Bo ton nguyn t O, ta c:


Gii
Nhn xt: nn H
2
SO
4
d, Fe v Al phn ng ht 0,32 gam cht rn l
Cu n
Cu
= 0,005
t:
d
= 0,03 0,02 = 0,01 mol
Khi thm 0,005 mol NaNO
3
vo , ta ln lt c cc phn ng

+
H
n
d
=
1 1
0, 02 -
75 150
= tip tc oxi ho Fe
2+
trong mi trng
-
3
NO

2+ + 3+
3 2
3Fe + 4H + NO 3Fe + NO + 2H O
1 1 1
0,005 0,005
150 600 600

Nhn thy H
+
v
-
3
NO ht, ton b Fe
2+
b oxi ho thnh Fe
3+
, nn trong dung dch sau phn ng
ch cn ion kim loi v
2-
4
SO 0,03 mol
September 2011
Trang 110
LangQuang.YDS

m
mui
=
2-
4
KL
SO
m + m = 0,87 + 23.0,005 + 96.0,03 = 3, 865 gam
Lu : Ngoi ion kim loi ban u cn c ion Na
+


Gii
T khi lng ring ta c:
1,55 gam Ca chim th tch l 1 cm
3


1, 55
40
mol Ca chim th tch l 1 cm
3

1 mol Ca chim th tch l cm
3
(th tch ny gm nguyn t Ca v khe rng)
Th tch thc m cc nguyn t Ca chim ly trong 1 mol =
Vy th tch 1 nguyn t Ca =


Ta c:


Gii
Nhn xt: Cc cht u c cng thc tng qut l C
n
H
2n-2
O
2

Ta c:
Phng trnh t chy




2 2
CO H O
m + m = 10,62 gam< m = 18 gam
Vy dung dch X gim 18 10,62 = 7,38 gam so vi ban u
September 2011
Trang 111
LangQuang.YDS


Gii
X: R-COO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OOC-R
S O = 4 S C = 5
Etylen glicol chim 2C Trong axit c 3C R = H v R = CH
3
-



Gii



Gii

Nhn xt p n ta c Y l axit 2 chc

Ta c:

Chn n = 2 v n = 3 Chn D.

September 2011
Trang 114
LangQuang.YDS

Ch c FeSO
4
tc dng vi dung dch KMnO
4


+7 2 2+ 3+
Mn + 5e Mn Fe Fe + 1e
0,05 0,01 0,05 0,05
+

2+
Fe
n = 0,02 + 2x = 0,05 x = 0,015 mol =

Cu
Cu
n
m = 0, 96 gam

KHI B-2011 M 794



Gii
Ta c:
%m
N
= 11,864% m
N
= 14,16.11,864% = 168 gam
3
N
NO
n = 0,12 n = 0,12

3
KL X
NO
m = m - m = 14,16 - 0,12.62 =

6, 72 gam

Gii
T ch s axit bo:
1 gam cht bo cn 7 mg KOH trung ho axit bo t do
200 gam cht bo cn 1400 mg KOH
NaOH KOH
n = n = 0,025 mol

3 5 3 3 5 3
2
C H (OOCR) + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + C H (OH)
x
x mol mol
3
R'COOH + NaOH R'COONa + H O

0,025 0,025

p dng LBTKL, ta c:
m
cht bo
+ m
NaOH
= m
mui
+ m
glixerol
+


Lu :
- Ch s axit: S mg KOH cn trung ho axit bo t do c trong 1 gam cht bo.
- Ch s este: S mg KOH cn x phng ht lng triglixerit c trong 1 gam cht bo.
September 2011
Trang 115
LangQuang.YDS

- Ch s x phng ho: S mg KOH dng x phng ho ht lng triglixerit v trung
ho lng axit bo t do c trong 1 gam cht bo (tng ch s axit v este).
- Ch s iot: S gam iot c th cng vo lin kt bi trong mch cacbon ca 100 gam cht
bo.

Gii
S tn Fe
3
O
4
c trong x tn qung manhetit = 0,8x (tn)
3 4
Fe O
0,8x
n = tmol
232

S tn Fe c trong 800 tn gang = 800.95% = 760 (tn)
Lng st b hao ht 1% H = 99%

H = 99%
3 4
Fe O 3Fe 3Fe trong gang
0,8x 3.0,8x.99% 3.0,8x.99%

232 232 232



m
Fe trong gang
=
3.0,8x.99%
.56 760
232
= x = 1325,16tn

Gii
Ta c:
-
2+
4 4
2
4
OH
Ba BaSO BaSO
SO
n = 0,168
n = 0,012 n = 0,012 m = 2,796 gam
n = 0,02

Kt ta gm c Al(OH)
3
v BaSO
4

3 4 3
Al(OH) BaSO Al(OH)
m = 3,732 - m = 0,936 gam n = 0,012
X + Y:

+ -
2
H + OH H O
0,1 0,1

d
= 0,168 0,1 = 0,068 >

c 2 phn ng xy ra:

p dng cng thc:

September 2011
Trang 123
LangQuang.YDS


2 2
2 2
RCHO + H RCH OH
1 1 mol
1
RCH OH H
2
1 0,5 mol
Na

V = 11,2 lt

Gii
Ta c:
R 2 2
R
14.1
%N = 15,73 =0,1573 M = 89 X: NH -CH -COO-
M

3
CH
S phn ng:

m = 2,67 gam

Gii
Lu : Tnh oxi ha tng dn theo th t:

C ngha l Zn s kh Fe
3+
xung Fe
2+
ri xung Fe
Phng trnh phn ng:

m
dd gim
= m
Zn
m
Fe
= 9,6 65(0,12 + x) 56x = 9,6 x = 0,2 mol
n
Zn
= 0,32 mol m = 20,8 gam

Gii
September 2011
Trang 124
LangQuang.YDS


C
4
H
10
C
4
H
8
+ H
2
~ Br
2

C
4
H
10
C
4
H
6
+ 2H
2
~ 2Br
2

C
4
H
10

Ta c:
X
M = 23,2
Gi s
4 10
C H
n
ban u
= 1, p dng LBTKL, ta c:

4 10
C H Y Y
Y
58.n = n .M
1.58 = n .23,2

4 10
C H X
Y
m = m
n = 2, 5


Vy 2,5 mol Y cn 1,5 mol Br
2

0,6 mol Y cn 0,36 mol

Gii

p dng LBT e:

Vy 20 ml c 0,015 mol Fe
2+

150 ml c 0,1125 mol Fe
2+



Gii
Ta c:
S H =

Y c 1 nhm COOH v Z a chc, do khng c axit hu c no c 1H nn c hai axit u c
2H
Y: HCOOH (x mol) v HOOC-COOH (y mol)
September 2011
Trang 125
LangQuang.YDS

Gi s a = 1, ta c h phng trnh:

2 2
HCOOH
HCOOH
CO (COOH)
m = 18,4 x + y = 1
x = 0,4
%m =
x + 2y = n = 1,6 m = 54 y = 0,6






25, 41%

Gii

2 2 2
CO ( ) + H O ( ) CO ( ) + H ( ) k k k k
Ban u: 0,2 0,3
Phn ng: x x x x
Kt thc: (0,2 x) (0,3 x) x x

2
2 2
C
2
[CO ][H ] x
K = 1
[CO][H O] (0,2 - x)(0,3 - x)
x = 0,12 mol
= =

2
CO
H O 2
0, 08
n = 0,08 [CO] =
10
0,18
n =0,18 [H O] =
10

0, 008M
0, 018M


Gii
Gi x l s mol ca Cu tham gia phn ng:

+ 2
Cu + 2Ag Cu + 2Ag
x 2x x
+

Trong X c (0,08 2x) mol Ag
+
v x mol Cu
2+

Cho Zn vo X, p dng LBT e ta c:

+
2+
2+
Ag + 1e Ag
(0, 08 - 2x) (0,08 - 2x) Zn Zn + 2e
0,04 0,08 Cu + 2e Cu
x 2x

n
Zn d
= 0,09 0,04 = 0,05 mol m
Zn d
= 3,25 gam
Ta c khi lng Ag kt thc 2 phn ng = 0,08.108 = 8,64 gam (do Zn d nn AgNO
3
ht)
m
cht rn c 2 phn ng
= 10,53 + 7,76 = 18,29
= 0,08
September 2011
Trang 126
LangQuang.YDS

m
Cu
+ m
Ag
+ m
Zn d
= 18,29 m
Cu
= 6,4 gam
Nhn xt: Cu tham gia phn ng (1) sau c to thnh phn ng (2) vi khi lng bng
nhau, c th xem Cu khng thay i khi lng trong phn ng.

----------The End----------
Muc luc:
Nam Trang
A-2007.......................................... 1
B-2007 .......................................... 17
A-2008.......................................... 27
B-2008 .......................................... 37
A-2009.......................................... 47
B-2009 .......................................... 60
A-2010.......................................... 74
B-2010 .......................................... 89
A-2011.......................................... 101
B-2011 .......................................... 114





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v:
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