Appendix C: Spherical Geometry

In reference to Fig. C.l, we define 'CD = C0tan6>', C=C0tan6>, OD = COsec^', 0=COsec^, (C.l)

where CD and CE are the tangent Hnes of the arcs CA and CB, respectively. For the triangle ACDE, we find
D F

= aoi^ + C F - 2CE CD cos DCE.

(C.l)

For the triangle AODE, we have DE^ = OD^ + OE^ - 20D OE cos DOE. Upon substituting Eq. (C.l) into Eqs. (C.2) and (C.3), we obtain ^ = C02[tan^ 0' + tan^ 6 > - 2 tan 6' tan 0 cos(0 - (p% (C.4) (C.5) (C.3)

DE^ = CO^[sec^ 0' + sec^ 6 > - 2 sec 0' sec ^ cos 0 ] .

Tangent to CA arc

Figure C.l coordinates.

Relationship between the scattering angle, zenith angle, and azimuthal angle in spherical

527

528

Appendix C Spherical Geometry

It follows that tan^ e' + tan^ (9 - 2 tan 0' tan 0 cos(0 - (j)') = sec^ (9' -h sec^ ^ - 2 sec 0' sec (9 cos 0 . But sec^ 0 tan^ ^ = 1, so Eq. (C.6) becomes 2 - 2 sec 0' sec ^ cos 0 = - 2 tan ^' tan 0 cos(0 - 0'). Thus, we have cos 0 = cos 0 cos 0' + sin 0 sin 0' cos(0 0') = /x/x^ + (1 - /i')^''(l - M^')''' cos(0 - 00, where /x = cos ^ and /x^ = cos ^^ (C.8) (C.7) (C.6)