8052-MICROCONTROLLER A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit consisting internally of a relativelysimple CPU, clock, timers, I/O ports

and memory. As in every embedded systems we are havingcontroller to control or process all the activities and devices. FEATURESOF8051MICROCONTROLLER 8-bit program status word.Internal ROM.Internal RAM of 256 bytes.Two 16 bit timer/counter: To and T1.32 input/output pins arranged as four 8-bit ports: P0, P1, P2, and P3.3Serial function registers: IE, IP, TCON, TMOD, SCON, SBUF, TH0, TH1.8-bit arithmetic logic unit.8-bit Accumulator register.8-bit program status word.16-bit program counter.

16-bit stack pointer.Three internal intterupt: T0, T1, RI or TI.Two external interrupt: INTO and INT1.Clock circuit and reset circuit.Crystal oscillator CRYSTAL OSCILLTOR:-A miniature 4 MHz quartz crystal enclosed in a hermetically sealed HC-49/US package, used as theresonator in a crystal oscillator. A crystal oscillator is an electronic circuit. That uses the mechanicalresonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectronic material to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency. OPERATIONA crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly ordered,repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions.

Almost any object made of an elastic material could be used like a crystal, with appropriate transducers,since all objects have natural resonant frequencies of vibrations. The resonant frequency depends onsize, shape, elasticity, and the speed of sound in the material. High frequency crystals are typically cutin the shape of a simple, rectangular plateWhen a crystal of quartz is properly cut and mounted, it

can be made to distort in an electric field byapplying a voltage to an electrode near or on the crystal. This property is known as piezoelectricity.When the field is removed, the quartz will generate an electric field as it returns to its previous shape,and this can generate a voltageThe result is that a quartz crystal behaves like a circuit composed of aninductor, capacitor and resistor, with a precise resonant frequency.CAPACITOR Capacitors are electronic components used for storing charge and energy. In their simplest form,C apacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by an insulating material called the dielectric