Field Tests and Numerical Simulations

BY NAVEEN.B.P Research Scholar, IISc

Contents
Introduction Analysis for single pile under Vertical Axial Load Analysis for single pile under Lateral Load Analysis of Soil nailing Lateral Movement of Secant pile wall-Real time monitoring at BLore Metro. Comparison of FLAC 3D and PLAXIS 3D

Single pile under Vertical Axial Load

Field Tests: Routine Vertical Load Test

Field Vertical pile load test data

Load (kN)
0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Total Load [kN] 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

This test is for a large diameter pile (diameter = 1300 mm), (Length = 9.5m)

Settlement (mm)

Numerical Simulations
Axi Symmetry geometry model. The element mesh - 15-node element. Geometry : 2D: 4m x 14.5m Pile radius:0.65m ; Length: 9.5m . 5 noded beam-column element. 3 DoF per node. Ground water table is located at 3.5m. Stage-wise loading done, upto 3250kN.

Evaluating End Bearing & Skin Friction From Plaxis 2D Curve

Load (kN)
0 0 Total Load [kN] 5 Skin Friction [kN] Base Load [kN] 10 Total Load with Plaxis Base Load Plaxis 15 Skin Friction Plaxis 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250 3500

Settlement (mm)

20

25

30

35

40

Method IS code Meyerhoffs PLAXIS 2D

Skin friction (kN) 3674 1940 2183

End bearing (kN) 1646 8840 1067

Total Load ( kN) 5320 10780 3250

Soil nailing

Fig: Factor of safety =3.17

1. Metro(Jayanagar)-Group of piles (4) Dia 1.2 m

2. Metro (M.G Road)-Monopiles Dia 1.6 m

3.Flyover(Kalyan nagar )-Group of piles (5) Dia 1.2 m

4. Flyover (HSR Layout)-Group of piles (4) Dia 1.0 m

FEW PILE LOAD TESTS WHERE I WAS INVOLVED

1. Metro(Jayanagar)-Group of piles (4) Dia 1.2 m

3.Flyover(Kalyan nagar )-Group of piles (5) Dia 1.2 m

Comparison of Dynamic load test with Numerical simulation of PLAXIS 2D

Dynamic Pile Monitoring

For each blow determine Capacity at time of testing Pile integrity Pile stresses Hammer performance Last three items detect or prevent problems For driven piles
Load (kN) 0.00 0.00 2.00
Settlement (mm)

HAMMER & CRANE

500.00

1,000.00

STRAIN GAUGE & ACCELEROMETER

4.00 Static Load Test 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00

Numerical Simulation: Plaxis 2D

Axi Symmetry geometry model. The element mesh - 15-node element. Geometry : 2D: 5m x 15m Pile radius:0.25m ; Length: 15m . 5 noded beam-column element. 3 DoF per node.

No Ground water table is located. Stage-wise loading done, up to 120mT.

Medium

RESULTS OBTAINED WITH DYNAMIC LOAD TESTS CORRELATE WELL WITH THE RESULTS OF STATIC LOAD TEST
Load (kN) 0.00 0.00 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00 1,000.00 1,200.00

PLAXIS 2D Static Load Test 2.00 Base load by PLAXIS 2D Skin friction by PLAXIS 2D
Settlement (mm)

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

LATERAL LOADED PILE

FIELD TESTS: LATERAL LOAD TEST

Deflections Under Lateral Loads

Deflections Under Lateral Loads

LOAD(kN) 0.00 0.00 0.50 1.00 FIELD
DEFORMATION (mm)

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50

Site 4: HSR Layout

Deflection at 12 mT is 4.12 mm

Numerical Modeling: PLAXIS 2D

Plane strain geometry model. The element mesh - 15-node element. Geometry : 20m x 25m Pile Dia :1.0m ; Length: 17m . 5 noded beam-column element. 3 DoF per node. Mohr Coulomb model used for first analysis of problem Stage-wise loading up to 120 kN.

Comparison Field test and PLAXIS 2D Analysis

LOAD(kN) 0.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00

1.00 FIELD
SETTLEMENT(mm)

2.00

PLAXIS 2D

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Lateral Movement of Secant pile wall-Real time monitoring at BLore Metro New type of sensors is developed for simultaneous monitoring and visualization of safety and risk conditions at construction sites. These sensors are designed and built based on the new monitoring concept called On site visualization These sensors are capable of sensing data and visually outputting the measurement results simultaneously by using LED for workers and all concerned.

Plan (C/s AA which is perpendicular to HAL building alignment

TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF DIFFERENT SENSORS

Nos. 2 4 2 3 3 2 Typical arrangement of OSV devices at Bangalore Metro

Instruments Inclinometer for ground movement Tilt meter for HLA Building Tilt meter for scan pile wall Strain gauge for strut Load-cell for ground anchor Tile-meter for BSNL Building

Field measurement of Deformation

2.0

0.00 m

1.0

Deformation (mm) 0.0

-1.0

-2.0 9/9/11 12:00 AM 9/10/11 12:00 AM 9/11/11 12:00 AM 9/12/11 12:00 AM 9/13/11 12:00 AM 9/14/11 12:00 AM 9/15/11 12:00 AM 9/16/11 12:00 AM 9/17/11 12:00 AM

Numerical Simulation: PLAXIS 2D

Plane strain geometry model. The element mesh - 15-node element. Geometry : 30m x 20m Pile diameter:0.8m ; Length: 12.6m . 5 noded beam-column element. 3 DoF per node. 8m depth of excavation(stage wise) Struct 1 is installed at 1.85m. Struct 2 is installed at 3.5m Geometry model Youngs Modulus E= 5000+2500z kN/m2 (z is depth in meters below datum). Total depth of soil layers (8m depth) is divided in 0.5m interval and then E varied for each of the 0.5m.

About 0.48mm lateral deformation has been obtained from the numerical simulation at the ground level. These values can be used to decide the triggering value for the onsite visualization scheme

Load dispalcement curve of the secant pile wall corresponding to 8m depth of excavation

Results from PLAXIS 2D

Sl no. 1. 2. Details Bending Moment (kN.m/m) Shear Force (kN/m) PLAXIS ANALYSIS 464.16 304.39

Comparison of FLAC 3D and PLAXIS 3D

The load-deflection response of a single concrete pile foundation is calculated for loading in lateral directions.

Axi symmetry geometry model. The element mesh - 15-node element. Geometry : X = 8m, Y= 8m, Z= -8m Pile Dia :0.6m ; Length: 5m . 5 noded beam-column element. 3 DoF per node.

Lateral forces versus lateral displacement at the pile top

Load (kN) 0.00 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00

5.00

PLAXIS 3D

10.00
Displacement(mm)

FLAC 3D

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

WORK EXPERIENCE
Design of Piles for "Yashodhara Health Care" Building in Bangalore. Ground Improvement by Stone columns in elevated road project electronic city in Bangalore. Associated with the Design of Rock anchoring for the shoring piles in Prestige Khodey towers at Bangalore. Design of Piles for Library building in Mysore. Static pile load Test for Toyota in Bidadi. Laterally Loaded Pile Testing for Flyover in HSR Layout in Bangalore. Designing and construction of Tower Foundation for Karnataka Golf Course in Bangalore. Dynamic Pile Load test for Metro work in Bangalore. Pile Integrity Testing for Metro work in Bangalore.

National Conferences:
1)

List of Publications

B.P.Naveen, T.G.Sitharam, S.Vishruth. Behaviour of Large Diameter Lateral Loaded Piles in Residual Soils: Field Tests and Simulations, Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC), (15-17 December 2011) Kochi, India Vol. 2: 835-839.

2)

Naveen.B.P., Sitaram nayak., Pujar.K.L. "Designing and construction of piles under various field conditions " in IGC-2010,Geotrendz(December 16-18),pp.1035-1038.

3)

Naveen.B.P, Anil kumar sharma, Sivapullaiah.P.V., Sitharam. T.G., " Waste materials in Geon environmental applications", National conference on recent advance in ground improvement techniques(February 24-25,2011). CBRI, Roorkee,pp.155-164.

International Conferences:
1) Naveen.B.P, Sitharam.T.G, Vishruth.S Numerical Simulation of Laterally Loaded Piles", International Conference on Ground Improvement and Ground control (30 October 2November

2012), Wollongong, Australia ( Full length paper submitted ). 2) T.G.Sitharam. B.P. Naveen, C.R.Parathasarthy Numerical simulation of pile load test, 9th International Conference on Testing and Design Methods for Deep Foundations, (18-20 September,2012) Kanazawa, Japan (Full length paper submitted ).

Journal :
Naveen.B.P., Sivapullaiah.P.V.,Sitharam.T.G., " Disposal options for solid waste of Bangalore city based on its characteristics", Manuscript ID no IJEWM-19605,International Journal of Environment & Waste Management