Ejercicio 5.1.

Instalamos y cargamos el paquete SMACOF, y de ah podemos sacar las matrices de datos

KINSHIPDELTA y TRADING. Usamos en este ejercicio la funcin smacofSym
KINSHIPDELTA
>kinshipdelta

Aunt Brother Cousin Daughter Father Granddaughter Grandfather

0
79
53
59
73
57
77
79
0
67
62
38
75
57
53
67
0
74
77
74
76
59
62
74
0
57
46
77
73
38
77
57
0
79
51
57
75
74
46
79
0
57
77
57
76
77
51
57
0
55
80
78
54
70
32
29
79
51
72
72
54
29
31
51
63
79
31
29
56
75
56
53
51
74
59
74
58
32
76
53
52
81
51
79
58
28
70
37
63
50
79
80
38
73
29
32
72
55
27
57
51
80
51
80
55
Grandmother Grandson Mother Nephew Niece Sister Son Uncle
Aunt
55
79
51
56
32
58 80
27
Brother
80
51
63
53
76
28 38
57
Cousin
78
72
79
51
53
70 73
51
Daughter
54
72
31
74
52
37 29
80
Father
70
54
29
59
81
63 32
51
Granddaughter
32
29
56
74
51
50 72
80
Grandfather
29
31
75
58
79
79 55
55
Grandmother
0
57
50
79
58
57 78
77
Grandson
57
0
79
51
74
75 47
58
Mother
50
79
0
81
60
39 57
73
Nephew
79
51
81
0
27
76 52
33
Niece
58
74
60
27
0
53 74
56
Sister
57
75
39
76
53
0 62
79
Son
78
47
57
52
74
62
0
59
Uncle
77
58
73
33
56
79 59
0
>data(kinshipdelta)
>res = smacofSym(kinshipdelta)
>res
Aunt
Brother
Cousin
Daughter
Father
Granddaughter
Grandfather
Grandmother
Grandson
Mother
Nephew
Niece
Sister
Son
Uncle

Call: smacofSym(delta = kinshipdelta)

Model: Symmetric SMACOF
Number of objects: 15
Metric stress: 0.06988988
Number of iterations: 204
>summary(res)
Configurations:
Aunt
Brother
Cousin
Daughter
Father
Granddaughter
Grandfather
Grandmother

D1
D2
0.5052 0.4421
-0.3106 -0.6027
0.8603 0.1357
-0.4977 0.2096
-0.5568 -0.4258
-0.0844 0.5313
0.1751 -0.6940
-0.1442 0.7012

Grandson
Mother
Nephew
Niece
Sister
Son
Uncle

0.1259
-0.6963
0.5248
0.3729
-0.5328
-0.3723
0.6309

-0.5109
0.1600
-0.1800
0.5135
0.4216
-0.3849
-0.3168

Stress per point:

Daughter
Son
Niece
Nephew
Father
Mother
Uncle
Aunt
Cousin
Sister
Brother
Granddaughter
Grandson
Grandfather
Grandmother

SPP SPP(%)
0.0367 3.6863
0.0387 3.8858
0.0411 4.1270
0.0473 4.7473
0.0503 5.0521
0.0528 5.2954
0.0587 5.8891
0.0627 6.2934
0.0672 6.7422
0.0766 7.6896
0.0766 7.6908
0.0794 7.9723
0.0803 8.0591
0.1122 11.2600
0.1157 11.6096

Observamos de 15 objetos, el test debe realizar 204 iteraciones, con un stress mtrico de 0,0699.
Destacamos los abuelos que juntos acumulan casi el 23% del stress. Por contrario podemos concluir
que los pequeos de la familia son los que dependen de la primera componente mayoritariamente, y
generan poco stress en la muestra.
Este sera el diagrama de descomposicin del stress:

TRADING
>trading
Aust
Braz
Cana
Chin
Czec
Egyp
E.Ge
Fran
Hung
Indi
Ital
Japa
N.Ze
Pola
Swed
USA
USSR
U.K.
W.Ge
Aust
Braz
Cana
Chin
Czec
Egyp
E.Ge
Fran
Hung
Indi
Ital
Japa
N.Ze
Pola
Swed
USA
USSR
U.K.
W.Ge
Aust
Braz
Cana
Chin
Czec
Egyp
E.Ge
Fran
Hung
Indi
Ital
Japa
N.Ze
Pola
Swed
USA
USSR
U.K.
W.Ge

Arge
0.6250000
0.5000000
0.7142857
0.8750000
1.0000000
0.6250000
0.8888889
0.5714286
0.8750000
0.5714286
0.8750000
0.8181818
0.7142857
0.8750000
0.6666667
0.7857143
1.0000000
0.8333333
0.8000000
E.Ge

Aust

Braz

Cana

Chin

Czec

Egyp

0.5714286
0.3333333
0.8888889
1.0000000
0.6666667
0.9000000
0.6250000
0.8888889
0.4285714
0.8888889
0.7272727
0.5714286
0.8888889
0.5000000
0.7142857
0.9166667
0.7500000
0.8823529
Fran

0.6666667
0.8571429
1.0000000
0.7500000
0.8750000
0.7142857
0.8571429
0.5000000
0.6666667
0.8000000
0.6666667
0.8571429
0.6000000
0.7692308
1.0000000
0.8181818
0.8666667
Hung

0.8571429
1.0000000
0.7500000
1.0000000
0.7142857
1.0000000
0.5000000
1.0000000
0.8000000
0.4000000
1.0000000
0.6000000
0.8571429
0.9000000
0.9166667
0.8666667
Indi

0.8571429
0.8888889
0.8750000
1.0000000
0.8571429
0.7142857
1.0000000
0.8000000
0.6666667
0.8571429
1.0000000
0.7692308
1.0000000
0.8181818
0.9375000
Ital

0.8888889
0.5000000
1.0000000
0.6666667
0.8750000
1.0000000
1.0000000
1.0000000
0.6666667
1.0000000
1.0000000
0.6250000
1.0000000
0.7857143
Japa

0.7777778
0.4285714
0.7500000
0.4285714
0.7500000
0.9230769
0.7500000
0.7500000
0.5000000
0.8000000
1.0000000
0.7500000
0.7333333
N.Ze

0.8888889
0.5000000
0.7500000
0.8750000
1.0000000
1.0000000
0.5000000
0.8571429
0.9375000
0.6666667
0.9230769
0.8750000
Pola

0.8750000
0.5714286
0.7142857
0.9166667
0.7142857
0.8750000
0.4000000
0.7857143
0.9090909
0.7272727
0.7142857
Swed

0.7142857
0.8571429
1.0000000
1.0000000
0.0000000
0.8333333
0.9333333
0.7777778
0.9166667
0.9375000
USA

0.8750000
0.9166667
0.5000000
0.7142857
0.4000000
0.7857143
1.0000000
0.8333333
0.8750000
USSR

0.9090909
1.0000000
0.8571429
0.8333333
0.6666667
0.9000000
0.7000000
0.7857143
U.K.

0.8000000
1.0000000
0.9000000
0.5714286
0.8461538
0.5833333
0.6875000

1.0000000
0.6000000
0.7692308
1.0000000
0.8181818
0.7857143

0.8333333
0.9333333
0.7777778
0.9166667
0.9375000

0.8461538
1.0000000 0.8823529
0.8000000 0.3846154 0.8571429
0.8571429 0.5294118 0.6666667 0.6250000

>data(trading)
>res = smacofSym(trading, ndim = 3, metric = FALSE, ties = "secondary")
>res
Call: smacofSym(delta = trading, ndim = 3, metric = FALSE, ties = "secondary")
Model: Symmetric SMACOF
Number of objects: 20
Nonmetric stress: 0.01129101
Number of iterations: 137
> summary(res)
Configurations:
D1
D2
Arge -0.4454 0.1850
Aust -0.4703 0.1840
Braz -0.5317 0.0404
Cana -0.5448 0.2996
Chin 0.0264 -0.0954
Czec 0.8506 0.0540
Egyp -0.0616 0.3702
E.Ge 0.7299 0.1872
Fran -0.2549 0.2730
Hung 0.6317 0.4270
Indi -0.2296 0.3459
Ital 0.0326 -0.3152
Japa -0.2163 -0.7367
N.Ze -0.4688 0.1111
Pola 0.6317 0.4270
Swed -0.3380 0.4511
USA -0.1678 -0.6047
USSR 0.7828 -0.3803
U.K. -0.1359 -0.6170
W.Ge 0.1793 -0.6061
Stress per point:
SPP SPP(%)
Czec 0.0029 1.3420
E.Ge 0.0049 2.2825
Aust 0.0054 2.5092
USA 0.0054 2.5299
N.Ze 0.0064 2.9575
Indi 0.0066 3.0822
Japa 0.0070 3.2429
Pola 0.0072 3.3356
Hung 0.0072 3.3356
Swed 0.0086 4.0110
U.K. 0.0091 4.2422
Egyp 0.0100 4.6500
Cana 0.0122 5.6603
USSR 0.0128 5.9295
Fran 0.0135 6.2841
W.Ge 0.0152 7.0597
Arge 0.0154 7.1520
Ital 0.0178 8.2956
Chin 0.0228 10.5945
Braz 0.0247 11.5036

D3
0.3048
-0.0965
0.1008
-0.3468
-0.8231
-0.2875
0.3090
0.0039
0.4137
0.0494
-0.0492
0.7260
-0.2709
-0.4211
0.0494
0.1111
0.0412
-0.1012
0.2302
0.0571

Aqu tenemos 20 objetos donde se realizan 137 iteraciones, con un stress no-mtrico 0,0113.
Destacamos los pases China y Brasil, como generadores de mayor stress, con ms de 22% entre los
2. Por abajo, se comportan con poco stress los pases Rep. Checa, Alemania del Este, Austria,
EEUU o Nueva Zelanda.
Este sera el diagrama de descomposicin del stress:

Ejercicio 5.2.
Aqu usamos la matriz PERCEPTION, que consta de 16 variables:
> perception
[[1]]
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,] 0.00 4.33 6.12 7.21
[2,] 4.33 0.00 4.07 5.62
[3,] 6.12 4.07 0.00 3.24
[4,] 7.21 5.62 3.24 0.00
[5,] 2.38 5.76 7.12 7.57
[6,] 4.52 2.52 5.48 6.86
[7,] 6.00 4.52 3.38 5.21
[8,] 7.76 6.21 4.40 3.12
[9,] 3.36 6.14 7.14 8.10
[10,] 5.93 4.24 6.07 6.93
[11,] 6.71 5.60 4.29 5.90
[12,] 7.88 6.31 5.48 5.00
[13,] 3.69 6.98 7.98 8.45
[14,] 5.86 4.55 6.64 7.17
[15,] 7.36 5.88 4.55 6.79
[16,] 8.36 7.02 5.86 5.40
[,14] [,15] [,16]
[1,] 5.86 7.36 8.36
[2,] 4.55 5.88 7.02
[3,] 6.64 4.55 5.86
[4,] 7.17 6.79 5.40
[5,] 4.86 6.93 7.57
[6,] 2.88 4.50 5.86
[7,] 5.40 3.50 4.52
[8,] 6.50 5.55 3.50
[9,] 4.14 5.95 6.86
[10,] 1.19 3.95 5.17
[11,] 3.79 1.48 3.71
[12,] 5.88 4.60 1.62
[13,] 4.17 6.07 7.07
[14,] 0.00 4.02 5.26
[15,] 4.02 0.00 3.45
[16,] 5.26 3.45 0.00

[,5]
2.38
5.76
7.12
7.57
0.00
4.10
6.10
6.83
2.00
5.00
6.86
7.83
2.60
4.86
6.93
7.57

[,6]
4.52
2.52
5.48
6.86
4.10
0.00
4.31
5.45
4.71
2.81
4.50
5.55
5.95
2.88
4.50
5.86

[,7]
6.00
4.52
3.38
5.21
6.10
4.31
0.00
4.00
6.52
5.43
2.64
4.43
7.69
5.40
3.50
4.52

[,8]
7.76
6.21
4.40
3.12
6.83
5.45
4.00
0.00
7.71
5.67
5.21
2.69
7.86
6.50
5.55
3.50

[,9] [,10] [,11] [,12] [,13]

3.36 5.93 6.71 7.88 3.69
6.14 4.24 5.60 6.31 6.98
7.14 6.07 4.29 5.48 7.98
8.10 6.93 5.90 5.00 8.45
2.00 5.00 6.86 7.83 2.60
4.71 2.81 4.50 5.55 5.95
6.52 5.43 2.64 4.43 7.69
7.71 5.67 5.21 2.69 7.86
0.00 4.38 6.26 7.21 1.60
4.38 0.00 3.60 5.83 4.31
6.26 3.60 0.00 3.60 6.95
7.21 5.83 3.60 0.00 7.43
1.60 4.31 6.95 7.43 0.00
4.14 1.19 3.79 5.88 4.17
5.95 3.95 1.48 4.60 6.07
6.86 5.17 3.71 1.62 7.07

[,5]
4.93
4.71
5.40
6.36
0.00
3.17
4.19
4.57
3.52
3.79
3.69
4.95
6.33
5.67
5.29
4.69

[,6]
4.31
4.69
5.07
5.83
3.17
0.00
3.43
3.93
4.12
3.57
3.74
3.60
6.62
5.76
5.31
4.90

[,7]
4.60
4.43
4.36
4.88
4.19
3.43
0.00
3.43
5.64
4.07
3.48
2.98
7.26
5.83
5.64
5.26

[,8]
5.79
4.98
4.24
4.31
4.57
3.93
3.43
0.00
5.55
4.45
3.71
3.64
6.95
5.98
5.24
5.00

[,9] [,10] [,11] [,12] [,13]

6.50 6.55 6.19 5.52 8.00
6.40 5.98 5.81 5.71 8.14
6.93 6.29 5.98 5.71 8.17
7.14 6.52 5.71 5.79 8.67
3.52 3.79 3.69 4.95 6.33
4.12 3.57 3.74 3.60 6.62
5.64 4.07 3.48 2.98 7.26
5.55 4.45 3.71 3.64 6.95
0.00 2.86 4.45 5.79 4.14
2.86 0.00 2.86 4.17 4.50
4.45 2.86 0.00 3.31 5.52
5.79 4.17 3.31 0.00 5.95
4.14 4.50 5.52 5.95 0.00
3.02 3.48 3.83 5.17 2.38
3.00 3.05 3.40 3.88 4.29
4.57 3.17 2.50 3.55 5.43

[[2]]
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
0.00 2.05 2.64 3.31
2.05 0.00 2.12 2.71
2.64 2.12 0.00 1.79
3.31 2.71 1.79 0.00
4.93 4.71 5.40 6.36
4.31 4.69 5.07 5.83
4.60 4.43 4.36 4.88
5.79 4.98 4.24 4.31
6.50 6.40 6.93 7.14
6.55 5.98 6.29 6.52
6.19 5.81 5.98 5.71
5.52 5.71 5.71 5.79
8.00 8.14 8.17 8.67
6.98 6.95 7.40 7.69
6.79 6.76 6.76 7.17
7.14 6.79 6.71 6.40
[,14] [,15] [,16]
[1,] 6.98 6.79 7.14

[1,]
[2,]
[3,]
[4,]
[5,]
[6,]
[7,]
[8,]
[9,]
[10,]
[11,]
[12,]
[13,]
[14,]
[15,]
[16,]

[2,]
[3,]
[4,]
[5,]
[6,]
[7,]
[8,]
[9,]
[10,]
[11,]
[12,]
[13,]
[14,]
[15,]
[16,]

6.95
7.40
7.69
5.67
5.76
5.83
5.98
3.02
3.48
3.83
5.17
2.38
0.00
2.64
3.81

6.76
6.76
7.17
5.29
5.31
5.64
5.24
3.00
3.05
3.40
3.88
4.29
2.64
0.00
2.74

6.79
6.71
6.40
4.69
4.90
5.26
5.00
4.57
3.17
2.50
3.55
5.43
3.81
2.74
0.00

>data(perception)
>res <- smacofIndDiff(perception)
>res
Call: smacofIndDiff(delta = perception)
Model: Three-way SMACOF
Number of objects: 16
Metric stress: 0.04907462
Number of iterations: 71
>summary(res)
Group Stimulus Space (Joint Configurations):
D1
D2
1 -0.2012 -0.8970
2 -0.4934 -0.5062
3 -0.7699 -0.1779
4 -0.8935 -0.0488
5
0.3056 -0.5332
6
0.0212 -0.1811
7 -0.3820 0.1521
8 -0.4625 0.3680
9
0.6759 -0.3411
10 0.3976 0.1167
11 0.0368 0.4365
12 -0.1980 0.5651
13 0.9173 -0.2545
14 0.6161 0.1073
15 0.3199 0.4773
16 0.1101 0.7169
Stress per point:
SPP SPP(%)
11 0.0570 4.4990
10 0.0592 4.6742
1 0.0603 4.7629
9 0.0617 4.8712
14 0.0622 4.9117
2 0.0665 5.2541
16 0.0696 5.4937
15 0.0754 5.9553
3 0.0772 6.0974
12 0.0818 6.4600
5 0.0854 6.7428

6
13
4
7
8

0.0946
0.1018
0.1036
0.1037
0.1064

7.4701
8.0371
8.1835
8.1886
8.3985

>res.id <- smacofIndDiff(perception, constraint = "identity")

>res.diag <- smacofIndDiff(perception, constraint = "diagonal")
>res.idio <- smacofIndDiff(perception, constraint = "idioscal")
> res.id
Call: smacofIndDiff(delta = perception, constraint = "identity")
Model: Three-way SMACOF
Number of objects: 16
Metric stress: 0.08491675
Number of iterations: 33
> res.diag
Call: smacofIndDiff(delta = perception, constraint = "diagonal")
Model: Three-way SMACOF
Number of objects: 16
Metric stress: 0.05531428
Number of iterations: 114
> res.idio
Call: smacofIndDiff(delta = perception, constraint = "idioscal")
Model: Three-way SMACOF
Number of objects: 16
Metric stress: 0.05531424
Number of iterations: 32

De los 16 objetos, medido con smacofIndDiff y sus variantes, la manera que resulta ms rpida es
con idioscal, con slo 32 iteraciones, con un stress mtrico de 0.055, el mismo que con la forma
diagonal, pero este con 114 iteraciones, el ms lento.
Son variables poco diferenciadas con un ratio de stress de 2 entre el mximo y el mnimo de
porcentaje de stress por variable. El menor stress lo generan las variables 11, 10, 1, 9, y 14. Con
mayor stress: 13, 4, 7 y 8.
Pintamos el diagrama, con cada una de sus variantes, y observamos que no hay grandes cambios.
Todas se representan como una forma de cuadrcula, con pequeas rotaciones entre los mtodos.

ID

DIAG

IDIO

Ejercicio 5.3.
Trabajamos con SPSS de nuevo el fichero de Helm (1959), aplicando la el escalamiento
multidimensional ALSCAL identidad, tenemos:

Por otra parte, si hacemos un Escalamiento Multidimensional para el modelo de diferencias

individuales. Tenemos:

Observamos que los dos modelos dan resultados similares, con una pequea rotacin, pero
conservando el orden y las distancias entre los colores. El stress para el modelo eucldeo de
diferencias individuales es menos (0,075 frente a 0,082 del modelo identidad).
Si comparamos con PROXSCAL, podemos ver que la ordenacin y la separacin de los datos es
similar, slo que con este mtodo, los pesos de las componentes son mayores, y en la misma escala
observaramos que se distanciaran ms con el ALSCAL.