Picture orientation

Orientation is the choice of directional referens to be

represented by the 000º (12 o’clock) graduation on the
fixed bearing scale around the CRT.
1-ship’s head -up orientation (unstabilised)
-The observer views the picture with the heading marker
(and thus the ship’s head) at the top of the screen.

-There is no input of compass information to the display

-The objects on the starboard side of the ship will lie on the right and
those on the port side will lie on the left.

-Ship’s head -up orientation is corresponds directly with the scene as

viewed through the wheelhouse window.

-
-At every change in the direction of the observing vessel’s heading,
the entire picture (apart from the heading marker), will rotate by an equal
but opposite angle. This characteristic limits the usefulness of the orientation
in three specific ways.

1-If a large alteration of course is made, any areas of land echoes are smeared
across the screen, making it difficult to identify specific features.
The afterglow created during the the alteration may obscure isolated fixed or
floating targets for some time after the vessel is steady on her own course .

2- Due to the effect of wind and sea, the ship will “yaw” about the correct
heading on a display using an unstabilized orientation, this superimposes an
angular wander on the movement of all targets. Which limits the ease and
speed with which bearings can be measured.

3-The disruption of the echo movement due to yaw limits the ease and
the speed with which an observer can plot the movement of targets for
collision avoidance purposes
 1.4.2 True - north- up orientation
(stabilised)
In true - north- up orientation, the observer wievs the picture with north
at the “top” of the screen.

-During course alteration, there is no rotation off the picture .

-There is no angular smearing which is associated with any change in heading.

-There is no masking of targets by afterglow generated during the alteration

of course.

-True bearings can be read off directly and quickly.

-It is sometimes uncomfortable to view a north up orientation particularly

when the vessel is on southerly courses
 Course up orientation (stabilised)
In course up orientation the heading marker is aligned to
the 000º graduation on the fixed bearing scale at an instant
ar which the vessel is right on the chosen course. A north
marker is displayed at the edge of the screen.
It eliminates the angular wander of the picture due to
yaw,while maintaining the heading marker in a
substantially (though not exactly) ship’s head up
position.
ship’s head -up orientation (unstabilised)
True - north- up orientation (stabilised)
Course up orientation (stabilised)
Picture orientation compared
 Picture presentation:
The picture presentaion is used to indicate if the movement of
displayed echoes is shown with respect to

(a) the observing vessel

(b) the water, or

(c) the ground.

 The relative –motion display presentation

-In relative motion presentation the origin of the display is stationary and
the movement of all targets is shown with respect to the observing vessel.

-Commonly the origin is is located at the center of the circular screen,

also “off -centred” relative motion presentations are available.

-The esential feature is that the origin is stationary and as a consequence

targets exhibit their motion relative to the observing vessel.
 The true motion presentation:
-In true motion presentation the echo movement of all targets is rendered
independent of the motion of the observing vessel.

-This is achieved by causing the origin of the picture to track across the
screen in a direction and at a rate which correspond with the motion
of the observing vessel.

-Question:
Should the observing vessel’s course and the speed be measured with
respect to the water or with respect to the ground?
 “If the course and speed through the water are selected,
the true motion presentation is said to be sea-stabilized.”

True motion sea stabilized presentation:

To produce a true –motion, sea stabilized presentation the origin of
the picture must be made to track across the screen in a direction
and at a rate that correspond with the observing vessel’s course and
speed through the water.

True motion ground –stabilized presentation.

To create ground –stabilized of a true motion presentation, the origin of
the picture is made to move across the screen in a direction and at a rate
which correspond wi,th the observing vessel’s track over the ground.
To achieve this, the in put data must have a component which represents
the observing vessel’s course and speed through the water plus a further
component which represents the set and the rate of the tidal stream or current.
 The relative –motion display presentation

A) CHART
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2
3
 True motion sea stabilized presentation:

1
2
3
 True motion ground –stabilized presentation.

1
a) CHART
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Presentations: summary of features