IPCwithQt

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MariusBuggeMonsen SeniorSoftwareEngineer 5yearsforTT Msc.comp.sci.NTNU Projects

Itemviews QtDBus WebKit

Contents

WhatisInterProcessCommunication? WhatisDBus? WhatisQtDBus? ExposingInterfaces CallingInterfaces Messages MoreIPC

WhatisInterProcessCommunication? WhatisDBus? WhatisQtDBus? ExposingInterfaces CallingInterfaces Messages MoreIPC

WhatisInterProcessCommunication?

Iama process! SoamI!

Process

Process

WhatIsInterProcessCommunication?

Exchanginginformationbetweenprocesses.

WhatIsInterProcessCommunication?

Techniques

remoteprocedurecalls(RPC) messagepassing synchronization sharedmemory

WhatIsInterProcessCommunication?

Implementations

CORBA SOAP/XMLRPC DCOM DCOP DBus ...

WhatisInterProcessCommunication? WhatisDBus? WhatisQtDBus? ExposingInterfaces CallingInterfaces Messages MoreIPC

WhatisDBus?

AMessageBusSystem

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WhatisDBus?

MessageBusDaemon

Process

Process

Process

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WhatisDBus?

Protocol Library Messagebusframework

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DBus

Generalonetoonemessagepassingframework Singlecomputer ComputertocomputerthroughunencryptedTCP/IP

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DBus

Portabletoany*NIXsystem Windowsportinprogress StandardIPCmechanismforGnomeandKDE

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WhatisDBus?

SystemBus

systemwideservices peruserloginsessionservices

SessionBus

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ExposingFunctionality

Service

Objects

Interfaces

Methods Signals Properties

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ExposingFunctionality

Service

Representaprocessconnectedtoabus. Hasaunique(base)namechosenbythebus.

Usesa:n.nnnnamingscheme(e.g.:1.32). Usesreversedomainnamenamingscheme(e.g. com.trolltech.appname).

Hasawellknownnamechosenbytheprocess.

Multipleservicesperprocess

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ExposingFunctionality

Object

Multipleobjectsperservice. Specifiedbyapath.

/path/to/ObjectName

Thepathstructureisarbitrary. Providesnamespacesforobjects.

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ExposingFunctionality

Interface

Multipleinterfacesperobject. Dotseparatedname.

com.trolltech.Assistant.HelpViewer names parameters returnvalues

Definesasetofmethods,signalsandproperties.

CanbedescribedbyXML.
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ExposingFunctionality

Methods

Amethodcanbecalledbysendingamessagetotheprocess exposingthefunctionality(thecallerdoesnothavetoregister aservice). Manytoone. Asignalisemittedbytheprocesswhichisexposingthe interfaceandisavailabletoanyapplicationonthesamebus. Onetomany.

Signals

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ExposingFunctionality

Properties

org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties ThePropertiesinterfacethatprovidesGetandSetmethods.

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ExposingFunctionality

Address

Service Object Interface MethodorSignal

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DBusAddress

com.trolltech.Assistant/Assistantcom.trolltech.Assistant.HelpViewershowLink service objectpath interface method

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Activation

TheBuscanstartclientsautomatically

byexplicitlyrequestingtheBustoactivatetheclient. byinvokingamethodonanobjectbelongingtotheclient.

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Introspection

Objectsmayprovidetheintrospectioninterface

org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable TheIntrospectmethodreturnsanXMLdescription.

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WhatisInterProcessCommunication? WhatisDBus? WhatisQtDBus? ExposingInterfaces CallingInterfaces Messages MoreIPC

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WhatisQtDBus?

ObjectorientedQtAPIforDBus. MapsQtproperties,signalsandslotstoDBus. MapsDBusproperties,signalsandmethodstoQt.

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QtDBusTools

qdbus

CommandlineDBusexplorer. GraphicalDBusexplorer.

qdbusviewer

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QtDBusTools

qdbusxml2cpp

CompilesXMLinterfacedescriptiontoaninterfaceoradaptor class. CompilesaninterfaceoradaptorclasstoanXMLinterface descriptionfile.

qdbuscpp2xml

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WhatisInterProcessCommunication? WhatisDBus? WhatisQtDBus? ExposingInterfaces CallingInterfaces Messages MoreIPC

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QtDBusApproaches

Highlevel

InterfacerepresentationsgeneratedfromXMLdescriptions Directcallstoagenericinterfaceclass Constructingandsendingmessages

Midlevel

Lowlevel

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ConnectingToDBus

QDBusConnection

RepresentsaconnectiontotheDBusbusdaemon. QDBusConnection::BusType

QDBusConnection::SessionBus QDBusConnection::SystemBus QDBusConnection::ActivationBus

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ConnectToTheSessionBus
intmain(intargc,char*argv[]) { QApplicationapp(argc,argv); ... QDBusConnectionconnection=QDBusConnection::sessionBus(); ... returnapp.exec(); }

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RegisterTheService
intmain(intargc,char*argv[]) { QApplicationapp(argc,argv); ... QDBusConnectionconnection=QDBusConnection::sessionBus(); connection.registerService("com.trolltech.LineEdit"); ... returnapp.exec(); }

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ExposingFunctionality

ExposeQObjectslotsdirectly Exposeinterfaces

doesn'thavetomapdirectlytoanyobject

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ExposingAllSlots
intmain(intargc,char*argv[]) { QApplicationapp(argc,argv); QLineEditle; QDBusConnectionconnection=QDBusConnection::sessionBus(); connection.registerService("com.trolltech.LineEdit"); connection.registerObject("/LineEdit",&le, QDBusConnection::ExportAllSlots); le.show(); returnapp.exec(); }

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ExposingInterfaces

AdaptorClass

SpecialclassattachedtoaQObject Exposesaninterfacetothebus Lightweight InheritsQDBusAbstractAdaptor

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ExposingInterfaces

Adaptor

Interface

QObject

Adaptor

Interface

MessageBus

Adaptor

Interface

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ExposingAnInterface
intmain(intargc,char*argv[]) { QApplicationapp(argc,argv); QLineEditle; newLineEditAdaptor(&le); QDBusConnectionconnection=QDBusConnection::sessionBus(); connection.registerService("com.trolltech.LineEdit"); connection.registerObject("/LineEdit",&le, QDBusConnection::ExportAdaptors); le.show(); returnapp.exec(); }
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ExposingMethods
classLineEditAdaptor:publicQDBusAbstractAdaptor { Q_OBJECT Q_CLASSINFO("DBusInterface","com.trolltech.LineEdit.Test") LineEditAdaptor(QLineEdit*w):QDBusAbstractAdaptor(w),le(w){} ~LineEditAdaptor(){} publicslots: inlinevoidshow(){le>show();} inlinevoidhide(){le>hide();} private: QLineEdit*le; };
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ExposingProperties
classLineEditAdaptor:publicQDBusAbstractAdaptor { Q_OBJECT Q_CLASSINFO("DBusInterface","com.trolltech.LineEdit.Test") Q_PROPERTY(QStringtextREADtextWRITEsetText) public: LineEditAdaptor(QLineEdit*w):QDBusAbstractAdaptor(w),le(w){} ~LineEditAdaptor(){} inlineQStringtext()const{returnle>text();} inlinevoidsetText(constQString&text){le>setText(text);} ... };
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ExposingSignals
classLineEditAdaptor:publicQDBusAbstractAdaptor { Q_OBJECT Q_CLASSINFO("DBusInterface","com.trolltech.LineEdit.Test") Q_PROPERTY(QStringtextREADtextWRITEsetText) public: LineEditAdaptor(QLineEdit*w):QDBusAbstractAdaptor(w),le(w) { QDBusAbstractAdaptor::setAutoRelaySignals(true); } ... signals: voidtextChanged(constQString&text); ... };
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XMLInterfaceDescription
<nodename="/com/trollech/LineEdit"> <interfacename="com.trolltech.LineEdit.Test"> <propertyname="text"type="s"access="readwrite"/> <methodname="show"/> <methodname="hide"/> <signalname="textChanged"> <argtype="s"name="text"/> </signal> </interface> </node>

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XMLToAdaptor
test.xml

qdbusxml2cppaadaptortest.xml

adaptor.h

adaptor.cpp

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XMLToProxy
test.xml

qdbusxml2cpppproxytest.xml

proxy.h

proxy.cpp

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UsingInterfaces

Interface

Proxy

Interface

MessageBus

Proxy

Interface

Proxy

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WhatisInterProcessCommunication? WhatisDBus? WhatisQtDBus? ExposingInterfaces CallingInterfaces Messages MoreIPC

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UsingInterfaces

ProxyClass

RepresentsaDBusinterface RepresentedasanormalQObject

signals slots properties

InheritsQDBusAbstractInterface

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TheGeneratedProxy
com::trolltech::LineEdit::Test*le= newcom::trolltech::LineEdit::Test(//interface "com.trolltech.LineEdit",//service "/LineEdit",//object QDBusConnection::sessionBus());//bus QComboBoxbox; box.setEditable(true); box.setEditText(le>isValid()?le>text():"empty"); QObject::connect(le,SIGNAL(textChanged(constQString&)), &box,SLOT(setEditText(constQString&)));

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QDBusInterface

Genericaccessorclass

usedtoplacecallstoremoteinterfaces requiresorg.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable

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CallingMethods
intmain() { QDBusInterfaceiface("com.trolltech.LineEdit", "/LineEdit", "com.trolltech.LineEdit.Test", QDBusConnection::sessionBus()); iface.call("hide"); return0; }

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ArgumentsAndReturnValues
intmain() { QStringservice="com.trolltech.Calculator"; QStringpath="/Calculator"; QStringinterface="com.trolltech.Calculator.Computation"; QDBusConnectionbus=QDBusConnection::sessionBus(); QDBusInterfaceiface(service,path,interface,bus); QDBusMessageresult=iface.call("multiply",4,3); QList<QVariant>values=result.arguments(); ... return0; }
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Properties
intmain() { QStringservice="com.trolltech.Calculator"; QStringpath="/Calculator"; QStringinterface="com.trolltech.Calculator.Computation"; QDBusConnectionbus=QDBusConnection::sessionBus(); QDBusInterfaceiface(service,path,interface,bus); QVarianttext=iface.property(text); return0; }
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SignalsAndSlots
intmain() { QStringservice="com.trolltech.Calculator"; QStringpath="/Calculator"; QStringinterface="com.trolltech.Calculator.Computation"; QDBusConnectionbus=QDBusConnection::sessionBus(); QDBusInterfaceiface(service,path,interface,bus); QObject::connect(&iface,SIGNAL(textChanged(constQString&)), &receiver,SLOT(textChanged(constQString&))); return0; }
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WhatisInterProcessCommunication? WhatisDBus? WhatisQtDBus? ExposingInterfaces CallingInterfaces Messages MoreIPC

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QDBusMessage

RepresentsDBusmessage. MessageType

MethodCallMessage SignalMessage ReplyMessage ErrorMessage InvalidMessage

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CreatingAMessage

Staticfunctions

createError(...) createMethodCall(...) createSignal(...) createErrorReply(...) createReply(...)

Nonstaticfunctions

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SendingAMessage
intmain() { QDBusMessagemsg=QDBusMessage::createMethodCall( com.trolltech.Calculator,//service /Calculator,//object com.trolltech.Calculator.Computation,//iface multiply);//method QList<QVariant>args; args<<4<<5; msg.setArguments(args); QDBusMessagereply=QDBusConnection::sessionBus().call(msg); ... return0; }
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Synchronousvs.Asynchronous

QDBus::CallMode

NoBlock Block BlockWithGui AutoDetect

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SendingAMessageAsynchronously
intmain() { ... QDBusMessagemsg=QDBusMessage::createMethodCall( com.trolltech.LineEdit,//service /LineEdit,//object com.trolltech.LineEdit.Test,//interface hide);//method QDBusConnection::sessionBus().send(msg); ... return0; }

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QtDBusApproaches

Highlevel

XMLInterfaceDescription Adaptorclass Proxyclass QDBusInterface QDBusMessage

Midlevel

Lowlevel

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WhatisInterProcessCommunication? WhatisDBus? WhatisQtDBus? ExposingInterfaces CallingInterfaces Messages MoreIPC

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MoreIPC

Techniques

remoteprocedurecalls(RPC) messagepassing synchronization sharedmemory

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MoreQtIPC(Qt4.4)

Synchronization

QSystemSemaphore QSharedMemory QLocalSocket QLocalServer

SharedMemory

LocalSockets

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Resources

http://doc.trolltech.com/4.3/introtodbus.html http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/dbus http://sourceforge.net/projects/windbus

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