ImmuneResponseto InfectiousDiseases

Zhong yiwei 20110430

ImmunedefenseVSpathogeninfection

InfectiousDiseases
ViralInfections BacterialInfections ProtozoanDiseases DiseasesCausedbyParasiticWorms(Helminths)

ImmuneResponsetoViralInfections

sitesofinfection

Mechanismsofviral entryintohost cells. cells

acuteinfectionsandpersistent infection

Hostresponseagainstacuteinfection

Theinnateimmuneresponsetoviral infection

AdaptiveImmuneResponsetoViral Infections

VirusesCanEvadeHostDefense Mechanisms

i fl influenza virus i infection i f i

19182009

Sitesofinfluenzaentryinthe respiratorytract.

Theadaptiveimmuneresponseduring infectionwithinfluenzavirus.

influenzaVirusesEvadedHostDefense Mechanisms
Theviruscanchangeitssurfaceantigensso completelythattheimmuneresponse Twodifferentmechanismsgenerateantigenic variationinHAandNA:antigenicdriftand antigenic i i shift. hif

Antigenicshift

Typesofvaccine
Inactivatedvirus Liveattenuatedvirus Recombinantsubunit,DNAandvectored vaccines. i Universalinfluenzavirusvaccines.

Newresearchforinfluenza

Eachgroupseemstosharearegionofsequence conservationinthestemthatcanserveasatargetof broadlyneutralizingantibodiesdirectedtothis region. i

ImmuneResponsetoHBVInfections

HBV

ThethreemainpathwaysofHBvreplicationin HBeAgpositivepatients

immuneresponse p toHBVinfection


1 HBV HBV 2 TLRIFN APC Ttreg

Differenthepaticantigenpresentingcellsuse B7H1topromotelocalTcelltolerance.

ImmuneResponsetoHIVInfections

HIVInfection

dendriticcell (DC)mediated di t d HIVtransmission

CD4andCD8cellnumberduringthe courseofHIVinfection

MechanismsofCD4+TcelldeathinHIVinfection

cDCs andpDCs duringHIVinfection.

viralload,andCD4cell countwillhelpyourdoctordeterminethe righttimetostarttherapy

HIVmedicationsorARVtherapy,including: NNRTIs(ornonNucs):Nonnucleosidereversetranscriptaseinhibitors NRTIs(orNucs):Nucleosidereversetranscriptaseinhibitors PIs:Proteaseinhibitors hb Entryinhibitors Integraseinhibitors

HIVVaccine

ImmuneResponsetoBacterial Infections

Extracellularvs intracellularbacteria
Extracellularbacteria: Phagocyteavoidance!! Intracellularbacteria: Cellmediatedisthemajorimmuneresponse againstintracellularbacteria.

ImmuneResponsetoBacterialInfections

Antibodymediated mechanisms forcombating infectionby extracellularbacteria.

Invademechanismsbyextracellular bacteria

Immunityagainstintracellularbacteria

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

PhasesofinfectionMycobacterium tuberculosis. tuberculosis

ThenaturalhistoryofMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection.

ImmuneResponsetotuberculosis

Macrophagesarekeyeffectorcellsinmycobacterialkilling,butcanalsoprovidea nicheforbacterialmultiplication.

EventsthatmightleadtofailureofBCGindeveloping countries

ImmuneResponsetoDiseases Causedby yParasiticWorms

DiseasesCausedbyParasiticWorms
Cestodes (tapeworms) Trematodes (flukes) Nematodes (roundworms)

Bodycovering

Tegument

Tegument

Cuticle

Sex

Hermaphroditic

Hermaphroditic,except schistosomes whichare Dioecious dioecious Ascariasis, , dracunculiasis, elephantiasis, enterobiasis (pinworm), filariasis hookworm, filariasis, hookworm onchocerciasis, trichinosis,trichuriasis ( p (whipworm) )

Examplediseasesin humans

Tapeworm p infection

Schistosomiasis, swimmer'sitch

Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasisiscausedbydigeneticbloodtrematodes. ThethreemainspeciesinfectinghumansareSchistosoma haematobium S. haematobium, S japonicum, japonicum andS. S mansoni. mansoni

LifeCycle

Afterinfectionwith Schistosoma mansoni, theinitialimmune response

Thanksforyourattention!