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Organizational Goals
Purpose of Goals
Provide guidance and a unified direction for people in the organization.
Have a strong effect on the quality of planning.
Serve as a source of motivation for employees of the organization.
Provide an effective mechanism for evaluation and control of the
organization.
Kinds of Goals
Goals by level:
Mission: a statement of an organization’s fundamental purpose.
Strategic goal: goals set by and for top management of the organization
that address broad, general issues.
Tactical goal: goals set by and for middle managers; their focus is on how
to operationalize actions to strategic goals.
Operational goals: goals set by and for lower-level managers to address
issues associated with tactical goals.
By area
By time frame:
Long term
Intermediate term
Short term – (action plan & reaction plan)
May be explicit or open-ended
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Varies by level
Responsibilities for setting goals
Contingency planning
Contingency is the determination of alternative courses of action to be taken if an
intended plan is unexpectedly disrupted or rendered inappropriate. These plans
help managers to cope with uncertainty and change.
Ongoing planning
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Tactical planning
Developing and Executing Tactical Plans
Operational Planning
Plan Description
Single-use plan Developed to carry out a course of action not likely to
be repeated in the future
Program Single-use plan for a large set of activities
Project Single-use plan of less scope and complexity than a
program
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Overcoming the barriers
Understand the purpose of goals and plans
Communication and participation
Consistency, revision and updating
Effective reward systems
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