Computer Fundamental What Is Computer? KwDUvi wK?

Computer kwUi mvaviY A_ nQ MYK h| jvwUb k Compute _K BsiRx Computer k kwUi A_ MYbv ev wnmve wbKvk Kiv| KwDUvii mvnvh g~jZt hvM, weqvM, Y, fvM BZvw` Kvhv hvq| wK eZgvb hyM KwDUvii egyLx eenvii dj KwDUvii msv AbK evcKZv jvf KiQ| Mxe Kiv hvq bv|

Who Is The Inventor Of Computer? KwDUvi -Gi AvweviK K? wewk wevbx wewUk MwYZwe` Pvjm eveR AvaywbK KwDUvii g~jbxw chwy i Afve eveRi GB g~jbxwZ evevqb Kiv me nqwb| ZeyI Zvui GB hyMvKvix wPvfveb vaywbK KwDUvii RbK ejv nq| 1887 mvj Wvvi nvigvb njwi_ AvgwiKvi Av`ggvixi KvR `Z m i g~jbxwZ wbq Melbv i Kib| ci 1911 mvj `ywU wfb Kvvbxi mnhvMxZvq wZwb KgwcDwUs, x cwZv Kib| hv ci wek weLvZ IBM (International Business Machine) -G icvwiZ nq|

Computer Structure: KwDUvi Gi MVb cbvjxt Computer g~jZt wZbwU Ask wef| hgb t 1. Input Device. D`vniYt Kx e W, gvDm, RqwK, Mvwd cvW, vbvi BZvw`| 2. Central Processing Unit (CPU) 3. Output Devic D`vniYt gwbUi, wcUvi, wKvi cfw Z| BbcyU wWfvBm MvwbwZK hyw Ask -----------^----------mUvj BDwbU --- > -----------^----------wZ GjvKv AvDUcyU wWfvBm

KwDUvi I gvbyli ga cv_Kt KwDUvi I gvbyli ga cv_K njv KwDUvi h Kvb KvRi dj v cvi bv| Zv mI gvbyl KwDUvii Pq eywgvb| Kvib KwDUvi gvbyli nvZ Mov GKwU BjKU KwDUvii wbR^ Kvb eyw bB| gvbyl hw` Zvi wZ ev ggvixZ md&UIqvi mU Ki `q Zvnj gv`i mvgb Z_ c`vb Kie| Zvi ekx ev Kg Kie bv| Deference Between Computer & Human Being:

Classification Of Computer: KwDUvi Gi MVb cbvjxt MVb I Dk f` KwDUviK `yB fvM fvM Kiv hvq| h_vt Analog Compute omputer GQvov Dciv `yB aiYi KwDUvi Gi mswgkb AviKwU KwDUvi Zix nqQ| Gi bvg Hybri ote : wWwRUvj KwDUviK Avevi Pvi fvM fvM Kiv nq| h_vt 1. mycvi KwDUvi 2. gBbdg KwDU bdg KwDUvi 4. gvB v KwDUvi ev, cvmvbvj KwDUvi| wbP Gi mK Zzj aiv nj|

Classification Of Digital Computer: wWwRUvj KwDUvi Gi MVb cbvjxt Super Computer. D`vniYt fviZi wbR^ Zix KZ mycvi KwDUvi vov iqQt Cray-1, Cyber-205. Mainframe Computer. D`vniYt UNIVAC 1100/11, IBM 6120, NCR N8370, IBM 4341. Miniframe Computer. D`vniYt PDP 11, NOV A3, IBM S/34, IBM S /36. Micro Computer. D`vniYt eZgvb Avgiv h me KwDUvi `wL Zvi meB nQ gvB v ev, cvmv G`i ga iqQ : Apple 64, IBM PC, TRS 80 cfwZ| Created by: Md. Kamrul Hassan Bappy Page: 1 of 6 E-mail: info@khola-janala.com

Computer Fundamental Measurement Of Data Of The Computer: Computer -Gi Z_ cwigvci GKKt evBbvix bv^vi cwZZ eeZ AsK 0 (b) Ges 1 (GK) K Bit ej| BsiRx Binary ki Bi I Digit U Zix nqQ| KwDUvi wZZ iwZ 0 I 1 Gi KvW w`q wewfb Z_ msiwZ _vK| G KviY KwDU t kwU eeZ nq| KwDUvi GB 0 I 1 viv h wekl cwZZ KwUvii KvR Ki ZvK KwUvii hvw

Bit, Byte, KB,MB,GB Ges Gi ga mKt KwDUvii wZZ weU, evBU ev KwDUvii k aviYi msLv viv aviY gZv wb`k Kiv hvq| mva v cKvk Kiv nq| Ze ejv `iKvi h weU nQ KwUvii msLv cwZi z`Zg GKK| G`i ga mK Byte 1024 Byte = 1 Kilobyte(KB) [1 Byte = 1 Character] 1024 Kilobyte = 1 Megabyte (MB) 1024 Megabyte = 1 Gigabyte (GB) 1024 Gigabyte = 1 Terabyte (TB)

How Many Parts Of A Computer? KwDUvi Gi KqwU Ask I wK wK? There are two parts of a Computert Hardware: KwDUvii mKj cKvi h ev, hvskK Hardware (nvWIqvi) ejv nq| Software : wbcvb nvWIqviK Kvhg Ki B nQ mdUIqvi|

What Is Memory? wZ wK? gvbyli gZv KwDUviiI ggvix ev, wZ iqQ| KwDUvii wZK `yB fvM chvw y) hgbt RAM, ROM| 2. mnvqK wZ (Auxiliary memory) hgbt dwc wWU, nvWwW, Kgcv wW What Is RAM? ivg wK? RAM (Random Access Memory) GKwU Avqx (Volatile) wZ fvvi i Z_ RAM G Rgv nq| cavb wZi G Ask hLb ZLb bZzb Z_ jLv hvq, Z_ djv hvq| RAM -Gi Z_ cov I jLv Dfq KvRB mv`b Kiv hvq ej GK wjLb y) ejv nq _vK| we`yr mieivn e nj RAM G iwZ mKj Z_ gyQ hvq| ZvB

| Input Device nZ mKj cov hvq Ges BQv Kij cVb wZI (Read Write GK Avqx wZ wnmv

What Is ROM? ig wK? ROM (Read Only Memory) GKwU vqx (Non Volatile) wZ fvvi| cavb wZi GB AskwU xq I AasmvZK wZ| Computer -G we`yr mieivn e Ki w`jI GB wZZ iwZ Z_ gyQ hvq bv| shvRb, mskvab ev cwieZb Kiv hvq bv| GB Ask wjwLZ Z_ aygv cov hvq, wK jLv hvq bv| Zv nmve AwfwnZ Kiv nq| Created by: Md. Kamrul Hassan Bappy Page: 2 of 6 E-mail: info@khola-janala.com

Computer Fundamental What Is Disk? wW wK? Computer Gi hveZxq Z_ msiY Kivi Avavi K Disk ej| Disk `yB aibi nq _vK| hgbt py Disk 2. Hard Disk. GQvovI evRvi AviI GK aibi Disk cvIqv hvq hvi bvg Compact Dis k (CD). wW Gi aviY gZv wbwjwLZ: Floppy Disk: 1.44 Megabyte (MB) [ For 31/2 Floppy Di sk ] Compact Disk: 150 Megabyte (MB) _K 800 Megabyte (MB) Hard Disk: 15 Gigabyte ( GB) _K 800 Gigabyte (GB) DVD Disk: 700 Megabyte (MB) _K 12 Gigabyte (GB)

What Is Operating System? Operating System wK? Operate (Pvjvbv) _K Operating ki Drcw| ki AvwfavwbK A_ njv cwiPvjbv Kiv| Avi System cwZ| Operating System ejZ KwDUvi cwiPvjbv Kivi cwZK eySvq| Operating System ejZ cwiPvj v Kiv eySvq bv| hLbB Avgiv Kvb KwDUvi Pvjy KiZ hvB Zvi c~e Avgv`iK RvbZ ne KwDUv ystem AvQ wKbv| Kbbv Operating System KwDUvii mg Ask wbqb Ki| Zvjve GKwU Ni cek cqvRb nq, bv nj XyKv me bq| Zgwb fve KwDUvi PvjvZ cqvRb nq Operating System. hgb bv, gvK IGm, cvIqvi Icb cfwZ|

What Is Startup Disk? vU Avc wW wK? AcviwUs wmgi hme dvBj jvwWs Gi gvag KwDUvi Pvjy nq mjv nQ vU vc dvBjjv msiwZ _vK Zv nQ AcviwUs wmg| mvavibZ GUI BUvidm mg DBvRi vUAvc wW wWU wnme dwc wW eeZ nq| What Is Windows? Windows wK? Windows njv Microsoft Corporation KZK evRviRvZKZ GKwU kwkvjx Operating System. Window s Operating System -Gi Aaxb AbKjv Application Software _vK hv m cwiPvjbv Ki _vK| DOS sk Operating System) -Gi Aaxb h me Application Software _vK mjv Avgiv DOS Command Gi g vag cwiPvjbv Kwi| DOS Command -Gi RwUjZv `~i Kivi Rb Microsoft Corporation Windows Operating System wU ei Kib| GLvb Application Software jv cwiPvjbvmn mKj KvR Mouse I K eyboard Gi mg^q Lye mnR Kiv hvq|

Various Types Of Windows Operating Systems Verson: Windows AcviwUs wmgi fvmbi wewfbZvt AvMB ejv nqQ DBvR GKwU kwkvjx AcviwUs wmg| ay ZvB bq GwU hgb BDRvi djx Zgwb e wUi wewfb fvmb iqQ| hgbt Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows ME. eZgvb bZzb eeZ DBvR XP. GQvovI bUIqvwKs Gi Rb eeZ AcviwUs wmg nj Windows NT. AcviwUs wmgi wfbZvi `i vmb fvM Kiv nq| DBvR 95 Gi AvMi Kvi AcviwUs wmg jv wQj 16 weUi| Gici 95, 98, 2000, wU GB msiY wj wQj 32 weUi| eZgvb DBvR Gwc evRvi AvQ| GwU 64 weUi AcviwUs wmg G mevcv ekx cvidig w`Z mg| gvB vmdU cieZxZ DBvR jsnb GwWkb evRvi Qvoevi c`c wb Created by: Md. Kamrul Hassan Bappy Page: 3 of 6 E-mail: info@khola-janala.com

Computer Fundamental What is Computers Booting Process? KwDUvii eywUs cmm wK? KwDUvi Ab Kivi ci h Kvj xb KwDUvii nvWIqvi I Abvb m ywUs cmm| GB mgq vU Avc wW nZ Z_ ivg Pj Avm Ges evqvm, Autoexec.bat, Config.sys q|

How To Start A Computer? KwDUvi Pvjy Kiv hvq wKfve? c_g KwDUvii we`yr mieivni hveZxq jvBb wVK AvQ wKbv Zv iZ ne| GLb Casing Box Gi Power Switch evUb wUc w`q KwDUvi ON KiZ ne| wKQyY Acv Kiv older/Icon mn Windows Desktop Screen c`wkZ ne|

Introducing on Windows Screen: DBvR Gi xb cwiwPwZt c~eB ejv nqQ KwDUvii Power On Ki we`yr mshvM mvabi ci hw` erating System Gi gvag Pj Ze Abi ga Avcwb DBvRi Screen `LZ cveb| Ze AvcbvK R v `LjB AvcbvK eySZ ne KwDUvii GwU Windows Operating System Gi xb Ges KvR mv`b Kiv cZ| DBv xbi GB ewk wj wbg Zzj aiv njt My Computer t xbi hveZxq AvBKb jvi KwDUvii nvWwWi WvBf jvK cek Kiv mn dvBj, cvMvg BZvw` Icb Kiv hvq| My Docume KbwU xbi My Computer Gi wbPB Aevb Ki| Gi ga Avgiv h me Document RwbZ Kvhvejx mv` v nq| Recycle Bin t xbi Abvb AvBKbjvi mv_ Recycle Bin bvgI GKwU AvBKb _vK| Bnv Kw nme f~wgKv cvjb Ki| Avgiv AbK mgq Avgv`i AcqvRbxq dvBj jv gyQ dwj| Zv Gm GLvb Rg cycle Bin Empty Kivi gvag dvBj jv KwDUvi nZ wPiZi gyQ w`Z nq| wimvBKj web nZ GKev j Avi KLbI diZ Avm bv| Taskbar t Windows xbi wbPi w`K AbyfywgKfve (Horizontally) we` er wUi bvg Windows Task Bar. Bnv AbKi KvQ Avevi vUvm evi wnmeI cwiwPZ| Gi mevi Wvb w`K _K Uv AvBKb| KwDUvi Pvjy nevi mgqB Gjv jvW nq| Gi mv_ KwDUvii NwoI Aevb Ki| q| Start Button t Windows Taskbar Gi evg w`K START jLv GKwU evUb cveb| Gi viv Operati ng

System Gi hKvb Kvh mv`b Kiv hvq| KwDUvi Bbj Kiv cvMvgI Gi viv Pvjy Kiv hvq| vU LZ cvib mjv nQ Shutdown, Run, Search/Find cfwZ| Avi mvegbyjvi ga cveb Programs ings cfwZ| Ze DBvR GwcZ wKQyUv wfbZv j Kiv hvq| Created by: Md. Kamrul Hassan Bappy Page: 4 of 6 E-mail: info@khola-janala.com

Computer Fundamental Using of Start Button: vU evUbi eenvit KwDUvi Avcwb bigvj A_ev, mvBb&UwdK Dfq cKvi KvjKzjUi eenvi KiZ c mvnvh wbgwjwLZ KvRwU Kib| Opening Calculator: Start > Programs > Accessories > Calcu lator Avcwb Avcbvi wjLvi Kvhvw` KwDUvi IqvWcvW eenvi Ki mv`b KiZ cvib| GRb Avcwb | Opening a word processing program: Start > Programs > Accessories > WordPad KwDU vi mvaviY Qwe AvuKv AuvwKi KvR Avcwb cBU cvMvg eenvi KiZ cvib| wbg cBU cvMvg Paint Program: Start > Programs > Accessories > Paint

How To Create A Folder? wKfve dvvi Zix Kiv hvq? DBvZ gvDmi Right Button viv wKK Kib| New mvegbyZ hvb| Fo hKvb GKwU bvg w`b| Kx evWi Enter G Pvc w`b| How To wKfve Folder gvDmi Delete A Folder? dvvi gvQv hvq? wmj Kib| Press Delete Key [ KxevW _K ] Yes G wKK Kib| Gevi WUci xb nZ Right Button viv wKK Kib| h gvmR ewU Avme ZvZ Yes evUb wKK Kib|

How To View File Or Folder? wKfve dvBj ev dvvi Gi welqe `Lv hvq? Folder wmj Kib| gvDmi Right Button viv wKK K es G hvb| General Uve hvb| `Lv kl nj OK evUb wKK Kib| How To Shut Down A Computer? wKfve KwDUvi e Kivi hvq? Uvevii Start Z wKK Kib| Shut Down oose Kib| OK Z wKK Kib| AT Casing Gi Its now save to turn cvIqvi myBP Pvc w`q KwDUvi e Ki w`b| Gevi e`ywZK gBb myBP Ad o turn off your computer xbwU Gm KwDUvi AUvgwUK e nq hve| cqvRb ne bv| Gevi mivmwi e`ywZK gBb myBP Ad Kib| Created by: Md. Kamrul Hassan Bappy Page: 5 of 6 E-mail: info@khola-janala.com

G wKK Kib| GLb Shut D off your computer x Kib| ATX Casing Gi cvIqvi myBP Pvc w`q K

Computer Fundamental How To Restart A Computer? wKfve KwDUvi cybivq Pvjy Kivi hvq? AvMigZv GeviI Uvevii Start Z wKK Kib| Shut Dow GLb Restart AckbwU Choose Kib| OK Z wKK Kib| `Lv hve cybivq eywUs cmm Pvjy nq KwDU

mywcq cwkbv_xe`, fQv iBj| D AvjvPbv _K Avgiv KwDUvii Gi mwKZ wewfb Z_ Ge mK Rvbjvg| AvkvKwi Zv Avcbviv RbQb Ges eenvi KiZ ciQb| ay RvbjB Pje bv| GB DB hw` Kvb Ask eenvi KiZ Amyweav nq Ze wkKi mnvqZv wbq Gi mgvavb Kib| c~bivq mevBK Ab vwbq KwDUvi dvvgUvj cei mgvw Kijvg| fQv, MD. KAMRUL HASSAN BAPPY (Diploma in Computer Science and Information Technology) ******************** Created by: Md. Kamrul Hassan Bappy Page: 6 of 6 E-mail: info@khola-janala.com