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IBANAG

Ibanag
The word Ibanag is derived from the prefix "I-" which may refer to "native, resident, or people of" and bannag which means "river". also known as "Ybanag" and "Ybanak" or "Ibanak" is a Filipino ethnolinguistic group concentrated in the provinces of Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, and Isabela, particularly, along the banks of the Cagayan River and in Tuguegarao, Abulug, Pamplona, Camalaniugan, Lal-lo, Amulong, Iguig, Peablanca and Aparri towns. is the 17th largest ethnic minority group in the country

History

originated in the region around the mouth of the Cagayan River dispersed southward within the last 200 years, influencing groups like the Itawis, Isinay, and Gaddang.

closely related to the Agta, Atta, Yogad, Isneg, and Malaweg

Characteristics
The Ibanags are the most adaptable among groups of Filipinos are reputed to be the tallest of all the ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines often distinguish themselves by the color of their elbows Ibanags tend to be taller in stock and have a peculiar height on the bridge of their noses.

Politics

The early Cagayanos lived in villages governed by an Urayan holding the executive powers, an ukom or judge and a kammaranan who made policies and regulations of the community.

Livelihood

The Ibanags are lowland farmers that used to inhabit the area along the Cagayan coast but migrated further inland Lowland technology with the cultivation of rice and corn; tobacco and cotton as cash crops; some upland farming of rice Vegetables and legumes grew abundantly in their fertile lands They conducted trade with neighboring areas using distinctive sea crafts They are also excellent blacksmiths and they continue to make good bolos They are also engaged in fishing

Religious Beliefs

Ibanags believe in unseen spirits they call as i ari nga masingan which inhabit the peasants world. Minangilu or minannanad (folk doctors) act as mediators between the spirits and the community.

Sickness and diseases are believed to be caused by offended spirits.

PLANTS AND FOODS USED BY IBANAGS IN PERFORMING THEIR RITUALS:


Coconut

Patupat Ibanag

oil (denu) and lemon juice- used by minannanad (folk doctors) in moistening and massaging the palm of an individual to determine the cause of his disease or sickness.
Tiny

(rice cake)

cup of cocoa and rice cakes- are food prepared and offered to the soul in a ritual called mattunak.

Food
The Ibanags life revolves around food Ibanag foods come in different forms, tastes, colors, shapes, grandiosity and presentation Ibanag indigenous foods and meals can be described as aromatic, aphrodisiac, delicious, savory, and nutritious Ibanag foods are classified as mappaganas ta accacan or appetizers; maca-macan or main dish; and paddulse or desserts

I. Mappaganas Ta Accacan (Appetizers)

For the Ibanags, appetizer is important since one should be stimulated to savor the food served on the table. Mappaganas means to stimulate ones gustatory gland to eat. The best and most sought after appetizers are the onion salad (salsa na sebolyas), pickled peper (sili nga artem), lemon juice (daggo na dalaya) onion leaves salad (salsa nga kutchay,) which is a concoction of onions mixed with fish paste (bagoong) and chopped ginger with sliced tomatoes, is a favorite appetizer among the Ibanag. Ibanag appetizers are simple and economical which came from indigenous plants available in the surroundings.

II. Maca-Macan (Main Dishes)

are classified according to its sources which are ayaayam (animals), mana-manango (fishes and shellfishes), and gula-gulay (plants) A. Aya-Ayam (Animals) These animals are baka (cow), nuang (carabao), kazzing (goat), karneru (sheep), kitu (dog), utta (deer), bavi (pig), pabu (turkey), manu (chicken), ayong (monkey), and patu (duck), gansu (goose). Meat is the focal point of the main dish To the Ibanag, the substances sourced from meat give strength to the body (mappasican), lengthen lifespan (mappaapaddu ta attolay), refines way of living (malladda y attolay) and mappasikan ta bagga-baggi.

B. Mana-Manango (Fish/Water Animals) are the other main source of the Ibanags staple food The Ibanags vanity for fishes exemplifies the vast variety of fish taken from the water These fishes are ludong (mullet), kurilaw (Manila Sea Channel Catfish), agua/pasga/purung/vugasin, sapsap (toothed ponyfish), mori (goby), tabbalay (spangled emperor), ifun (goby), caggu (clam), kiwo (eel), larangan (glassy pershlet), akaya (crab), lasi/aramang ( tiny shrimp), cusifan/padaw (lobster), patta (catfish), dalag (mudfish), basikul (whelks), liddak (periwinkle), ala (freshwater clam), agurung (periwinkle), vunganga (whelks), berabig/birabid (whelks), kabibi (clam) and gurami (fresh water fish).

C. Gula-Gulay (Vegetables)
the Ibanags are experimental, creative and ingenious

when it comes to plants. All plant parts are considered as vegetable food The mayan or underground crops used as vegetables are camosi (sweet potato), rabanus (radish), The stems, leaves and flowers of plants are likewise considered edible foods. These are afutu na dupo (banana blossom), alibabag (alucon, Llk.), anta (string beans), apape (balsam pear), balangac (swamp cabbage), Calabasa (squash), catuday (sesban), cubay (Malabar nightshade), don saluyu (jute), camosi (sweet potato), lanteng/maralisto/baleva (eel grass), marunggay (horse radish), nasi (spiny amaranth), paku (edible fern), papait (sarsalida, lbn), pichay (pechay), rabung (bamboo shoot), sili amiling (Chile or red pepper).

Fruits

and seeds of plants are also considered food (maca-macan) among the Ibanags. These are amale (butterfly bean), anta (string beans), anta (string beans), apape (balsam pear), balatung (green gram), Baranghenas (eggplant), bassaw (hyacinth bean), bichuelas (bush snap bean), cabatengga (vegetable gourd), cabatiti (sponge gourd), Calabasa (squash), candoli (white squash), capaya (papaya), cardis (pigeon pea), gulapitan (lima bean), marunggay (horse-radish), nangca (jackfruit),saluyu (Okra), sili amiling (chile pepper), sili macopa (sweet pepper).

III. Paddulse (Dessert)


is the concluding part of the meal process Fruits that abound within the area or the community or within ones reach are what is served as paddulse. These fruits are taken afresh from the trunk, washed, peeled or pared, sliced, mashed, halved or cut. They maybe eaten raw or cooked. Fruits are valuable sources of minerals like ion, calcium, phosphorous, potassium and magnesia. Most fruits contain vitamins A, B and C, sugar and water

Rica-Ricadu (Ingredients)

are a must for Ibanag social and culinary functions The basic ingredients or most common ingredients of Ibanag indigenous foods are sebolyas (onions), ahus (garlic), bagong munamun (fish paste), laya (ginger), tawyu (soy sauce), asin (salt), and pamienta (pepper). Other important ingredients in the early Ibanag cuisine are addulu, (kamias), bagoong aramang (shrimp paste), bagoong ifun (fry paste), calamansi (Philippine lemon), dalaya na sical (lemon grass), dalaya (lemon), don na sebolyas/kutchay (onion leaves), kamasi (tomato), lappaw na kalamagi (tamarind flowers), laurel (bay leaf), lugu na calamagi (young tamarind leaves), lugu na lubban (young pomelo leaves), nabbaggawan ta bagga (ricewash), silam (vinegar), sili amiling (pungent pepper), and uzzin nga sili (red pepper).

Marriage, Community & the Family


The Ibanags are clannish: in a barrio, each one is a relative of someone Marriage customs have been made simple to a certain degree. Wedding expenses are shouldered by both the bride and groom Preparations need not be extravagant, but the umune-ca presents and maginterga (dowry) are still part of the traditions

They have a great value on children, which is considered as a gift from God Couples without children are deemed unlucky and are believed to be punished Many beliefs and rituals of Ibanag are associated with conception

Health

For childless couples: -use prescriptions dictated by older members of the community -illug na tanggalawa (eggs of a house insect called tanggalawa) is toasted and mixed with coffee -the lupo (sterile one) says a prayer and drinks the concoction

To ensure the health of an expectant mother: -Couple goes through a ritual involving the use of a lutung (a wooden container from a bark of a tree) -A small piece is taken from it, pulverized, burned, and mixed with coffee. This will be served to the woman on a full moon with chanting of prayers.

To eliminate pain during pregnancy: -mamattang ritual is performed -Eating of pinataro, a native cake, prepared by a member of the household -Wari, a food offering to the nature deities, is also

Characteristics of a child resulting from the food the mother took while conceiving: round-faced baby -the mother craved for lubbang (orange) dark-skinned infant -the mother craved for lumbong (a violet fruit)

Language
Their language is also named Ibanag It is considered as the lingua franca of other neighboring ethnic groups such as the Gaddang, Yogad, and a few Aeta is spoken by about 500,000 people in Isabela and Cagayan especially in Tuguegarao, Solana, Cabagan, and Ilagan. most of the Ibanags can also speak Ilocano

Literature

Ibanag folk literature is the expression of Cagayanos' emotions and has spread to some parts of Northern Luzon

their great number of folk literature promote love, peace, justice, honesty, unity, morality, reconciliation, and lifestyle improvement because of the divisiveness and vices everyday conflicts can bring to a person.

Their literature is didactic, moralistic, predominantly sentimental, romantic, socialistic, comic and spiritual. Their poetry is mostly sung, handed down to the present by way of oral tradition

They are also fond of making proverbs (unoni) and riddles (palavvun)

The following is an example of a

riddle(palavvun):
Nu magitubang atannang nu manaddak alinno (When it sits, it is tall. When it stands, it is small.) ANSWER: Dog

Ibanag Dancers

Early Ibanags

Modern Ibanag Youth

Comparison between Early Ibanags and Modern day Ibanags


Early Ibanags practice various traditions and customs perform different rituals and have several beliefs were lowland farmers Used Ibanag as their medium of communication

Modern day Ibanags


Some still practice their traditions and customs especially those in the far-flung barrios most of the Ibanags in towns no longer adhere to this customs because they are already economically rich and educated They are now more engaged to fishing and farming In the aspect of their language, the use of Ibanag language has now diminished but remains strong with Ibanags living overseas

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