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Petroleum Geology of Indonesia : Current Knowledge

Pre-Convention Course, The 33rd IPA Annual Convention and Exhibition Jakarta, 3 4 May 2008

7. JAVA

by : Awang Harun Satyana

Borrobudur temple, Central Java

JAVA

200 KM

Belitung Basin Sunda -Asri Basin

JAVA SEA

North West/West Java Basin North East/East Java Basin

J A V A
South West Java Basin
Sedimentary basin

Bogor
Sout

North ern

MADURA

Kende ng

Slope

Troug

hern Slope

South Central Java Basin

Miocene-Pliocene deepwater sedimentattion Quaternary volcanoes Oligo-Miocene volcanic-magmatic arc

Satyana and Armandita (2003)

Geologic Setting of Java

SECTION OF WEST JAVA

SECTION OF CENTRAL JAVA

Smyth et al. (2003)

SECTION OF EAST JAVA

Schematic Cross Sections of Java

NW Java Basinal Area

Noble et al. (1997)

Noble et al. (1997)

Oil and Gas Fields of NW Java Basin

Noble et al. (1997)

Northwest Java Basin


This back-arc basin is extensive and complicated, comprising a number of north-south oriented half graben and sub-basins situated on the southernmost edge of the Sunda platform (Reksalegora et al., 1996). Hydrocarbon accumulations are abundant, and both oil and gas are reservoired in stacked volcaniclastic, carbonate, and coarse siliciclastic beds (Noble et al., 1997). The Northwest Java basin is now considered to be mature, with the distribution of upper Talang Akar sands and Miocene carbonate buildups being fully understood. Considerable potential for small-to medium-sized fields may remain in the syn-rift Jatibarang formation, lower Talang Akar formation, and deep Batu Raja carbonates.

West Java regional tectonic map and west-east schematic cross section
Suyono et al. (2005)

Wells Drilled Based on Anticline Play Concept

Suyono et al. (2005)

Thrust Fault Anticline Play Concept in Onshore Northwest Java Basin


Suyono et al. (2005)

High Trend Play Concept in Onshore Northwest Java Basin


Suyono et al. (2005)

DEEP EXPLORATION CONCEPT

Deep Exploration Play Concept in Onshore Northwest Java Basin


Suyono et al. (2005)

Exploration Play Concepts in Onshore Northwest Java Basin


Suyono et al. (2005)

Pertamina BPPKA (1996)

Sunda Basin Petroleum System

Pertamina BPPKA (1996)

South Arjuna Sub-Basin Petroleum System

Noble et al. (1997)

Sunda-Asri-NW Java Basin migration pathways

Noble et al. (1997)

East Java Basin


The East Java basin is the most structurally and stratigraphically complex of the Indonesian back-arc basins. In terms of reservoir facies, which range from Eocene non-marine sands to Pleistocene volcaniclastics, and also in terms of petroleum systems, it is one of the most diverse. The picture is complicated by very diverse lithostratigraphic schemes used by companies that have explored different parts of the basin. These have yet to be satisfactorily reconciled across the basin. Although the East Java basin is widely explored, potential still remains for significant oil and gas discoveries in the Eocene syn-rift clastic, deepwaterfacies Ngrayong sands, Kujung and Rancak reefs, Pliocene Mundu globigerinid limestones, and Pleistocene volcaniclastic. Well-developed infrastructure and nearby industrial market in East Java will absorb every new discovery. The East Java Basin is the most wanted area in Indonesia for bidding petroleum acreage from 2000-2005, making it a hot spot in exploration.

Regional tectonic setting of Java

Manur and Barraclough (1994)

NE Java Basinal Area Major Tectonic Elements

van Bemmelen (1949)

Solo Zone

Kendeng Zone

Randublatung Zone

Rembang Madura Zone

Madura Strait
Ketapang Isl. Kambing Isl.

Madura Island

Pleistocene Pliocene Miocene


Eo ce ne /O ligo

Latief et al. (1990)

cen

50

100 km

Configuration of East Java basin

111 E

113 E

115 E
MASALEMBO HIGH

KA

A WA A J UN R IM

CH

50 KM

6 S

NORTHERN PLATFORM
REMBANG-MADURA-KANGEAN-SAKALA INVERTED ZONE

7 S

CENTRAL HIGH
KENDENG-R ANDUBLATU NG-JAVA C

ENTRAL D EPRESSIO N

CENTRAL DEEP
LOMBOK BASIN

SOUTHERN UPLIFT
8 S

QUATERNARY VOLCANOES

Satyana and Darwis (2001)

Geologic Setting of East Java Basin

Generalized stratigraphy of the East Java Basin

Johansen (2003)

111 E

113 E

115 E

50 KM
6 S

NORTHERN PLATFORM

7 S

REMBANG-MADURA-KANGEAN-SAKALA INVERTED ZONE

CENTRAL HIGH

HIGH CO2 CONTENT (25-80 %)

CENTRAL DEEP
8 S

SOUTH ER N U P LIFT
NGIMBANG TREND KUJUNG TREND NGRAYONG TREND TAWUN TREND

Hydrocarbon Habitats of East Java Basin

Satyana and Purwaningsih (2002)

Ngiono-Tawun Cipluk

Ledok

Sekarkorong Lidah Kuti-Kruka Kertegeneh

Banyubang

Tawun-Gegunung

Old Oil Fields of East Java Basin


van Bemmelen (1949)

Soetantri et al. (1973)

Old oil fields (Kawengan and others) of Ngrayong-Wonocolo sands, Cepu


50 KMS

H IA R U M

N U M I R KA

W JA

CH R A

JS

-1

E DG I R

BO EM AL S MA

SIN BA

O TR

UG

H CH R A
H

NORTH MADURA PLATFORM

AM

AR

O TR

EL SH

D FE

GE
EP TC H IG UH

GH OU TR I T PA

S WE

T K G IN EN

H
HIG H

UNG AND KE M

GE RID

W BA

G U

N EA

D
BD NORTH HALF GRABEN

SIN MADURA SUB-BA

T CE E AS

PU

PATCHREEF OVER PLATFORM FRINGINGREEF AT RIM OF BASEMENT LAGOONAL LIME MUD MOUND SHELF EDGE BARRIER REEF

NG

IM

BA

NG

H UG TRO

B D

R I D G E

R XX

I D

Satyana and Darwis (2001)

PINNACLE REEF OVER OFFSHORE ISOLATED PLATFORM

Depositional Facies of the Oligo-Miocene Carbonates of the East Java Basin

KARIMUNJAWA ARCH

BAWEAN ARCH JS - 1 RIDGE WEST FLORENCE TROUGH NORTH MADURA PLATFORM

SU N

AND DA L

MURIAH TROUGH

S Fault Oligo-M Z o ne iocene Shelf E dge


reef
LA ND

Future R

MK

EAST J

AVA D E

-A TT AC H

N CE
ED PL AT FO RM

D AL TR

P EE

P OC E N T ER

SOUTHERN JAVA GEANTICLINE

EAS

T CE

PU H IGH

BD R

IDGE

N BA TU

OU TR

GH NO GH OU H RT BD

GR

E AB

NW
SS E

OF FS H

OR E

IS OL

NG
AT ED PL

NG BA IM

TR

SO

H UT

BD

GR

EN AB

AT FO RM

reef platform
SCHEMATIC, NO SCALE
TE LA

LY AR E N IO US CT O U CE BD A U S ET CR

I RT E T

Y AR

Satyana and Darwis (2001)

Oligo-Miocene carbonate development on segmented East Java basement

111 E

113 E

TR O UG H

115 E
S MA BO EM AL

H HIG

LANDMASS
UN RIM A K WA JA CH AR GH OU R T N EA CH AR

Lan
Camar

6 S

H RI A MU

d - a JS ttac h
DE EP

-1

E DG RI

O MB LE SA A M

GH OU TR

50 KM
GH OU R T

FL O RE N

CE

ed

pla

W BA

CE NT RA L

7 S

e OUGH edgA f l e T I TR h P s
W ES HIGH T CE P U
EP TC

N/B BA U T
UGH TRO ING N E K

Mudi

KE 40 KE 23 KE 30 Sidayu Poleng KE 2 Ujung Pangkah

AW

RO NT A E

H UG

tfor

ms
-5 JS

Payang

NORTH MADURA PLATFORM

Bukit Tua-Jenggolo

U AR SIB

TF LA

M OR

of

H HI G

fs

ho

S EA

Banyu Urip

EP DE G N A GE IMB RID NG G N DU AN M KE

Sukowati
8 S

re

BD

GE RID BD

ID XR

GE

CENTRAL HIGH
BASIN

lat iso

ed

ADURA SOUTH M

pl

at fo s rm

OPE

SEA

SOUTH HIGH

OIL FIELD (SOME WITH GAS) THERMOGENIC GAS FIELD (WITH CONDENSATE) BIOGENIC GAS FIELD

Paleogeography of East Java Basin during Paleogene

Satyana and Darwis (2001)

N
50 KMS

M RI A K

AW J UN

CH R A

JS

-1

DG RI

E
SIN BA

BO EM AL S MA

R MA CA

GH OU TR

I OL
GH OU TR I T PA

IOC -M O G

E EN
EP TC

SHEL
H IG UH

GE F ED
G H
LAMONGAN DEEP
UNG AND KE M GE RID

W BA

H IA R U

GH U RO N EA

CH R A

AW .B

N EA

O TR

UG

NORTH MADURA PLATFORM

S WE

TR IN G

D MA

UR

-B SUB

AS

IN

T CE E AS

PU

HIG

H
BD NORTH HALF GRABEN
XX G E R I D

Banyu Urip

I NG

MB

AN

H UG TRO

B D

R I D G E

OLIGO-MIOCENE CARBONATES

J A V A

I N E T I C L G E A N

KITCHEN & HC MIGRATION PATHWAY

Satyana and Purwaningsih (2002)

HC Charging of the Oligo-Miocene carbonates, East Java Basin

N
INVERTED CENTRAL TROUGH SOUTHERN BASIN

THRUST FLAT ABOVE FOOTWALL

MULTIPLE

INDEX MAP
NORTHERN PLATFORM

FOOTWALL BLOCK

INVERTED EXTENSIONAL FAULT

Bransden & Matthews (1992)


7 S

CENTRAL DEEP SOUTHERN UPLIFT

Inverted structure of the RMKS fault zone in the Sakala area

30 KM

Ardhana (1993)

Deepwater fans of the East Java Basin

MADURA STRAIT

ONSHORE EAST JAVA

NE JAVA SEA

BASIN
sea level

SHELF SLOPE
sea level

KE 11 G

BD - 1 KE 11 E KE 11 C

NGRAYONG

III II II
BASEMENT

KUJUNG

II III

DEPOSITIONAL UNITS CROSS-BEDDED SHELF/SLOPE SANDSTONES SANDY TURBIDITE BODIES LIMESTONES CONTOURITE PODS MUDSTONES KUJUNG FM OR OLDER REEFS

Middle Miocene deepwater plays of East Java Basin

Ardhana (1993)

Paleogene carbonates of East Java : prolific reservoirs

Globigerinid Deposition in East Java Basin

Schiller et al. (1994)

Volcaniclastic Deposits of East Java

Willumsen and Schiller (1994)

Southwest Java Basin


The basin was drilled by Ujung Kulon-1 (Amoco, 1970s) and Malingping -1 (British Gas, 1999). Both wells are dry holes. The basin had a complicated post-rift Neogene tectonic history. The Eocene Bayah formation and the Eocene Ciletuh formation arenites demonstrate excellent reservoir (Keetley et al., 1997; Schiller et al., 1991). Although not of lacustrine affinity, the deltaic Bayah formations deposited in SW Java basin provide evidence for the development of reservoir and source facies in the syn-rift stage of fore-arc development. Turbiditic fan sands in the SW Java basin also demonstrate excellent reservoir potential. Numerous oil seeps were encountered in onshore Bayah area. A rapid increase in geothermal gradient in the Pliocene-Pleistocene is recognized (Soenandar, 1997) also recognized in Sunda, Asri, NW Java basins.

Yulianto et al. (2007)

Physiography of Southwest Java

Yulianto et al. (2007)

Keetley et al. (1997)

Clement and Hall (2007)

Late Eocene Paleogeography of Western Part of Java

Banyumas-South Central Java Basins


Numerous oil seeps were encountered in Banyumas area. The Banyumas Basin was drilled by Cipari-1 (BPM), Karang Nangka-1, Gunung Wetan-1, Karang Gedang-1 (Pertamina), Jati-1 (Lundin) Some wells encountered oil and gas shows. The wells could not penetrate deeper horizons due mechanical trouble of overpressured shales. Potential reservoirs are late Miocene Halang-Rambatan volcaniclastic sands, early Miocene Kalipucang reefs, Oligo-Miocene Gabon volcaniclastic sands, and middle Eocene Nanggulan deltaic quartzitic sands, folded and faulted in late Miocene time. Potential sources are middle-late Eocene Nanggulan/Karangsambung shales (TOC up to 7.5 %) and early Miocene bituminous shales of Kalipucang/Pemali formations (TOC up to 15.6 %), presently are within early-mid mature window (Muchsin et al., 2002). Offshore South Central Java basin has been drilled by Alveolina-1 and Borelis1 (Jawa Shell, early 1970s) offshore south Yogyakarta. Alveolina-1 encountered excellent reservoir of middle-late Miocene Wonosari carbonates. Borelis-1 missed the reservoir due to facies changes to shales. The both wells are dry due to no HC charging (Bolliger and Ruiter, 1975).

Satyana (2005, 2006, 2007)

south

northern Central Java deep water sedimentation

north

opportunity for hydrocarbons generation, migration, and entrapment

North Serayu Basin, Central Java was ancient deep water basin. Presently, it is uplifted onshore deformed zone.
van Bemmelen (1949) Satyana and Armandita (2004)

Armandita et al. (2009)

Prolific Hydrocarbon Seeps in Central Java and Bogor-North Serayu Troughs

Hydrocarbon seeps along high areas from Kuningan to Banyumas area

Armandita et al. (2009)

Exploring petroleum potential of Early-Middle Miocene carbonates in South Central Java forearc basin

Early to Middle Miocene lithofacies

Tectonic setting of South Central Java forearc basin


Stratigraphic correlation from Borelis-1 to Alveolina-1

modified after Bolliger and de Ruiter (1975)

Framework for petroleum opportunity of Middle-Late Miocene Wonosari carbonates, South Central Java

Tectonic setting

T A coral boundstone with branching corals bafflestone

encrustring red algae with some pores development (white colored)

Facies relationship of Wonosari carbonates

modified after Hehuwat & Siregar (2004)

Shallow cores from locations near Nanggulan, Central Java. These Eocene fluvio-deltaic shallow marine (1,2), shoreface (3,4), and distributary channel (58) sands are potential reservoir sands. Netherwood (2000)

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