Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2.1
(Protective Relay)
(Protective Relay)
2.2
(
)
2
2
2
1. 1 2
L (Line)
N (Neutral)
220
(Volt)
2. 3 3 1 4
3 1
220
380 3 4 220/380
1 3
2.2.1
2-2
1.
2. (Over voltage)
(Switching surge)
3. (Under frequency)
4. (Over load)
(Reliability)
(Dependability)
(High speed)
2.2.2
1.
2.
(Manual
operated) (Re-closing relay)
3.
2.1
(OCB) (CT)
(PT)
2-3
1.
1) (Rated voltage)
115 kV, 69kV, 24kV, 12kV, 600 V 240 V
2-4
12
75
24
125
36
170
72.5
325
123
550
450
245
1,050
900
525
1,800
: (2538 : 12)
3. (Rated frequency)
50 Hz, 60 Hz, 400 Hz
4. (Continuous current rating) (Rated current)
2-5
2.3
: (2538 : 14)
6. (Short time current rating) RMS
4
7. (Interrupting current rating)
(RMS Value) 8
(Cycle) (Interrupting
MVA rating)
8. (Time rating)
1) (Interrupting time)
8 (Cycle) 8/50
2) (Reclosing time)
20 30 (Cycle)
9. (Duty cycle)
(Auto recloser relay) 20 30
2-6
(Cycle)
co + 15 sec + co co
- (Close-Open) 15
2.2.4
2.2 ANSI
2
3
3
3
: (2538 : 15)
2-7
2.4 3
: (2538 : 16)
1.
2.1 3 2.4
2.5 ()
2.5 ()
()
2.5
2-8
()
2.5 ()
: (2538 : 16-17)
2.
2.6
2.7
2.6
2-9
2.7
: (2538 : 18)
V1 I1 V2 I2
I1 V2
K
I2 V1
(1)
I1 X* 2 I2 x X 2
I2
1 2
*
X 2 x X2 x X2
K
I1
(2)
I2 1 X1 = I2 2X*1
I1 X1 I2 x X1*
2
I
X 1 1 x X1 K 2 x X1
(3)
I2
3. (Per-unit)
Pu. (Base)
2-10
Ibase
kVA base
kVbase
(4)
(kVbase ) 2
Z base
MVA base
(5)
kVA base
(6)
Ibase
3 kVbase
(kVbase ) 2
Z base
MVA base
(7)
2-11
115 kV 12 kV
Heater
600
350 kV
x 10%
jxt
600
E
Reactance diagram
2.8
2.8
I
E
jX T 600
(A)
2.3
1. (Short circuit)
2. (Over Voltage)
(Switching Surge)
3. (Under Frequency)
2-12
4. Out Of Step
5. (Over Load)
6. (Loss of Synchronism)
2.3.1
2.3
2.3
(Overhead Lines)
(Underground Cables)
(Switchgear)
(Transformer)
(CT and VT)
(Control Equipment)
Total
(%)
50
10
15
12
2
3
8
100
: (2548 : 8)
2.3 50%
3
Single Line to Ground Fault (SLG) 2
Line to Line Fault (L-L) 2 Line to Line to Ground
Fault (L-L-N) 3 Three Phase Fault (L-L-L)
2.4
(%)
1. Line to Ground
85
2. Line to Line
8
3. Double line to Ground
5
4. Symmetrical Three Phase Fault
2
Total
100
: (2548 : 9)
2-13
(Stray Capacitor)
(ON Circuit Breaker)
(Single line ground fault)
2.4 (Circuit Breaker, CB)
SF6
Dielectric Strength
, , ,
(Pneumatic) (Hydraulic)
2.4.1
2
1. (Vacuum Circuit Breaker)
(Plasma)
(Interrupter)
2-14
2.9
: (2548 : 11)
2. SF6 SF6
SF6
SF6
SF6
2.10 SF6
SF6
SF6
SF6
SF6
(Recovery Voltage)
2-15
2.10 SF6
: (2548 : 12)
SF6 2
1. Single Pressure Puffer Cylinder
SF6
2. Two Pressure Double Pressure SF6
(Air Blast Circuit Breaker) SF6
(Interrupter) SF6
Circuit Breaker SF6
HV EHV SF6 MV
2.5 (Protective Relay)
(-)
(Trip)
2-16
0.03 - 0.08
(Trip)
(Protective Relay)
2.5.1
2
1. (Primary Relay)
(Trip)
(Overlap)
2. (Back-up Relay)
2.5.2
(Zone of protection)
2.11 1 3
3 4 Y
BF BF A J
2-17
2.11
: (2538 : 315)
2.5.3
1. (Sensitivity)
2. (Reliability)
3. (Simplicity)
4. (Selectivity)
5. (Speed)
6. (Economy)
2.5.4
2-18
2.
3.
4.
5.
(CT)(PT)
6.
2.5.5
2 -
2.12
2.12
: (2538 : 318)
1. - (Electromechanical relay)
2
1) (Electromagnetic attraction)
(plunger type)
2.13() (Instantaneous trip)
(Inverse time) 2.13() (Hogged
armature type)
2-19
2.13
: (2538 : 319)
2) (Electromagnetic induction)
2
(Induction disk) 2.14() 2.14()
(Power relay)
(Directional relay) (Induction relay) 2.15
(Distance relay)
2.14
: (2538 : 320)
2.15
: (2538 : 321)
2-20
2-21
2. (Static relay)
-
()
2.5.5 ANSI
2.5 ANSI
(ANSI)
30
(Distance relay)
(Enunciator relay)
32
37
21
25
27
2-22
2.5 () ANSI
(Field relay)
40
59
( Overvoltage relay)
(Grand protective relay)
64
(Alarm relay)
74
81
(Frequency relay)
(Carrier or pilot wire receive relay)
85
(Locking-out relay)
86
2-23
: (2538 : 322-324)
87
Toper
Current
2-24
2.17 -
: (2538 : 327)
4) (Inverse definite minimum time overcurrent Relay)
IDMT 2.18
2-25
Time
IDMT
Definite
Minimum
Time
Is (Relay Current Setting)
Current
PSM
IFault
Isetting
(8)
2.6
2.6
(A)
0.5 2.5 ( 0.5 2)
1.5 6 ( 2 6)
4 16 ( 4 12)
: (2538 : 330)
CTs (A)
0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5
1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6
4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16
2-26
2-27
2-28
1.
1) 0.12 6
(Over travel time)
0.05 0.1
2) (Error)
3) (Safety Margin time)
0.1
0.4 0.5 2.21
2.21 (IDMT)
: (2538 : 338)
2.
1) (Phase Overcurrent relay)
(Minimum pick up current) 2 1.25
2.5
2) (Overcurrent ground relay)
30%
3)
4) (CTS)
CTS > 2
CTS < 1/3
5) 1 A 5 A 5 A
5 A
2-29
2.22
: (2538 : 361)
2. (Overvoltage relay)
2.6
3
1) (Open Type) 2.23
(Expansion)
2-30
2.23
2) (Open-link Type)
(Fuse link)
3) (Enclosed Type)
NEMA 2 (Fast) K
(Kwick) (Slow) T(Tardy) 2.24
2-31
2.24 K T
(Minimum melting time)
(Maximum clearing fault time) 2.25
2.25
2-32
CBB
G
Source
CBA
F2
F1
2.26
B F2
A F1 F1 F2 F1
B A
2.7.2
(Time Delay)
2.7.3
(Inverse Time Overcurrent Relay
2-33
0.35
(Grading Margin) 0.3 - 0.5
(Switchgear)
0.25 - 0.40