by Zahid AHMAD

Goals Define the important cranio facial anatomical structures. Know selected cephalometric analysis and interpretations. Objectives At the end of this series , attendees should know how to : Trace the basic cephalometric landmarks. Interpret according to the respective references

A. Landmarks B. Anterior cranium a. Frontal bone b. Nasal bone (Nasion) c. Ethmoid bone d. Malar bone (Orbitale) C. Posterior cranium a. Sphenoid bone (Sella, Spheno-occipital Synchondrosis) c. Occipital bone d. Temporal bone (External Auditory Meatus, Porion) D. Maxillo-mandibular a. Maxilla (ANS, PNS, A point) b. Mandible (B point, Pogonion) E. Dental a. Maxillary teeth b. Mandibular teeth

1.Soft tissue structures Profile 2. Craniofacial structures a. Nasal bone b. Orbit c. Pterygoid palatine fossa d. Spheno-occipital region e. External auditory meatus f. Maxilla (hard palate) g. Vertebrae (odontoid process) h. Mandible (condyle and coronoid process) 3.Dental structures Teeth

Po

PNS

ANS

POINT A

POINT B Go Gn

Me , Pg

Zahid AHMAD

Anterior cranium a. Frontal bone b. Nasal bone (Nasion) c. Ethmoid bone d. Malar bone (Orbitale) Posterior cranium a. Sphenoid bone (Sella, Spheno-occipital Synchondrosis) b. Occipital bone c. Temporal bone (External Auditory Meatus, Porion) Maxillo-mandibular a. Maxilla (ANS, PNS, A point) b. Mandible (B point, Pogonion) Dental a. Maxillary teeth b. Mandibular teeth

Po

PNS

ANS

POINT A

POINT B Go Gn

Me , Pg

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Po Or

Go
Me Pg

Gn

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a. SNA angle b. SNB angle c. ANB angle d. Upper incisor to SN e. Upper incisor to NA (linear) f. Upper incisor to NA (angle) g. Lower incisor to NB (angle) h. Lower incisor to NB (linear)

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Measurement Value Norm Interpretation

SNA SNB ANB 81 + 3 79 + 3 2-4 2-4 <4 >4 MMPA UIMPA LIMnPA 27 + 4 109 + 6 93 + 6 Zahid Sk1 Sk 2 Sk3

SNA =78-84 Class 1

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SNB=76-62 CLASS1

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ANB=2-4 CLASS 1

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Measurement Value Norm Interpretation

SNA SNB ANB MAXILARY POSITION 76 72 81 + 3 79 + 3 2-4 + 2mm CLASS1 BOARDERLINE
CLASS2 TENDENCY

RETRUDED MAXILLA CLASS2 DIV2???

<4 >4 MMPA UIMPA LIMnPA 27 + 4 109 + 6 93 + 6

Sk 2 Sk3

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Maxilary Mandibular Plan angle Maxillary Mandible Plan Angle

Normal 27+4 27 + 4

27`

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PoOr FRANKFORT PLANE

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Measurement Value Norm Interpretation

SNA SNB ANB MAXILARY POSITION MANDILBLULAR POSITION 76 72 81 + 3 79 + 3 2-4 + 2mm + 2mm CLASS1 BOARDERLINE
CLASS2 TENDENCY

RETRUDED MAXILLA CLASS2 DIV2???

4 -2

CLASS3 DIV?

MMPA UIMPA LIMnPA

27 + 4 109 + 6 93 + 6

Maxilary Mandibular Plan angle Maxillary Mandible Plan Angle

Normal 27+4 27 + 4

27`

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Measurement
SNA SNB ANB MAXILARY POSITION MANDILBLULAR POSITION WITTS

Value Norm Interpretation

76 72 81 + 3 79 + 3 2-4 + 2mm +/-2mm
+/- 3mm

RETRUDED MAXILLA CLASS2 DIV2???

4 -2 -14 -5

CLASS1 BOARDERLINE
CLASS2 TENDENCY

CLASS3 DIV?
RETRUDED MANDIBLE

CLASS?

MMPA UIMPA LIMnPA

27 + 4 109 + 6 93 + 6 Zahid AHMAD

Occlusal plane, Functional Perpendicular drooped from point A n B

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Pointer here

10mm Po

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Measurement
SNA SNB ANB MAXILARY POSITION MANDILBLULAR POSITION WITTS

Value Norm Interpretation

76 72 81 + 3 79 + 3 2-4 + 2mm +/-2mm
+/- 3mm

RETRUDED MAXILLA CLASS2 DIV2???

4 -2 -14 -5

CLASS1 BOARDERLINE
CLASS2 TENDENCY

CLASS3 DIV?
RETRUDED MANDIBLE

CLASS?

MMPA UIMPA LIMnPA

27 + 4 109 + 6 93 + 6 Zahid AHMAD

109 + 6 {103-112}CLASS1

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109 + 6 {103-112}CLASS1

????????

Zahid AHMAD

Measurement
SNA SNB ANB MAXILARY POSITION MANDILBLULAR POSITION WITTS

Value Norm Interpretation

76 72 81 + 3 79 + 3 2-4 + 2mm +/-2mm
+/- 3mm

RETRUDED MAXILLA CLASS2 DIV2???

4 -2 -14 -5

CLASS1 BOARDERLINE
CLASS2 TENDENCY

CLASS3 DIV?
RETRUDED MANDIBLE

CLASS?

MMPA UIMPA LIMnPA 98

27 + 4 109 + 6 93 + 6 Zahid AHMAD

93 +6{77-99}

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83

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Zahid Ahmad