4.

CONDUCTION WITH INTERNAL SOURCES AND SINKS

In practice: energy generated or absorbed electric current (Joule heat), concrete solidification, concrete wall heated by radiation (nuclear reactor)

Assume:
zdr

(1) Steady state (2) One-dimensional & (3) Q = const.and. uniform (1) Temperature distribution & x (tepeln tok) (2) Heat transfer rate Q

Find:

Conduction in a Single Layer Plane Wall

Wall thickness 2L and axial symmetry Starting point: The heat conduction equation for 3-D:
S [m2]

T T T T & ) + Q = c ( ) + ( ) + ( zdr x x y y z z t
Becomes for 1D, assuming constant : B.C.:
d T dx
2 2

& Q

zdr

=0

T=Tw at x=L dT = 0 at x=0 maximum temperature dx & Q Solution: T = zdr x 2 + C x + C 1 2 2

Solving for constants C1 and C2:

2 & L2 Q x zdr T = Tw + 1 2 L Maximum temperature at the axis: & L2 Q Tc = Tw + zdr 2

(4.1)

(4.2)

In dimensionless form:

T(x) Tw T T
c w

x = 1 L

2 & R2 Q r Similar procedures for T = T + zdr 1 w cylinders (A=4) and A. R spheres (A=6).

Often known ambient temperature convective boundary. To use the above solution, surface temperature Tw needed. In steady state, all internally generated heat must leave the wall.
& .V = S T T Energy balance for surface: Q zdr w

Volume V for plane wall : V = S.2L Surface temperature: T = T +

w

& Q

zdr

Heat convected from both sides S=2S

Now, eq. (4.1) and (4.2) can be used to calculate any T(x) and maximum temperature Tc
L2 x 2 T = T + zdr 1 w 2 L & Q
2 & Qzdr L Tc = Tw + 2