DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS TABLE OF CONTENTS

GEMS V-1P0

PAGE 1. 2. SCOPE .............................................................. REFERENCES ......................................................... 2.1 2.2 2.3 3. 4. 5. 6. Purchaser Specifications ..................................... Purchaser Drawings ........................................... Industry Codes and Standards ................................. 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 10 12 12 14 15 16 16 16 16 16 17 17

GENERAL ............................................................ DEFINITIONS ........................................................ SELECTION OF COATING SYSTEM ........................................ HANDLING OF COATINGS ............................................... 6.1 6.2 General ...................................................... Mixing of Coating Materials ..................................

7.

SURFACE PREPARATION ................................................ 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Standards .................................................... Abrasive Sizes ............................................... Inspection ................................................... Metal Surfaces for Fireproofing .............................. Pretreatments ................................................ Wood ......................................................... Brick, Tile, and Concrete ....................................

8. 9.

PARTS REQUIRING COATING AND FINAL COLOR ............................ APPLICATION ........................................................ 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Factors Affecting Application ................................ Application Methods .......................................... Galvanizing and Repair ....................................... Shop Painting ................................................ Field Painting ............................................... Maintenance Painting .........................................

10. DRYING AND HANDLING OF COATED STEEL ................................ 10.1 10.2 Drying ....................................................... Handling .....................................................

11. FIELD STORAGE TANKS ................................................ 12. CLEANUP ............................................................ 13. SAFETY ............................................................. 13.1 General ...................................................... PAGE 1 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97 13.2 13.3 13.4 TABLES 1 2 3 4

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS

GEMS V-1P0

Open Air Respiratory Protection ..............................17 Confined Space Respiratory Protection ........................18 Dermal Protection ............................................18

Substrates and Applicable Systems System Numbers and Descriptions Surface Preparation Standards Abrasive Sizes

ATTACHMENTS V-1P0S1 V-1P0I V-1P0R Data Sheet Inspection and Testing Requirements Sheet (ITRS) Documentation Requirements Sheet (DRS)

PAGE 2 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97 1. SCOPE

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS

GEMS V-1P0

This specification defines minimum technical requirements for: 1. 2. Selection of industrial coating systems. Surface preparation, installation, special application instructions (if necessary), and inspection for painting.

2. 2.1

REFERENCES Purchaser Specifications This specification contains references to the following Purchaser specifications: 1. 2. 3. GEMSGC, General Conditions - General Equipment and Material Specifications. GEMS S-1M, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel. GEMS V-1M, Industrial Coating Materials.

2.2

Purchaser Drawings This specification contains references to the following Purchaser drawings: None.

2.3

Industry Codes and Standards This specification contains references to the following industry codes and standards: 2.3.1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2.3.2 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D 610, Guide to Standard Method of Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces. D 4258, Surface Cleaning Concrete for Coating. D 4259, Abrading Concrete. D 4260, Acid Etching Concrete. D 4261, Surface Cleaning Concrete Unit Masonry for Coating.

NACE International (NACE) 1. 2. 3. 4. 1, White Metal Blast Cleaning. 2, Near White Metal Blast Cleaning. 3, Commercial Blast Cleaning. 4, Brush-off Blast Cleaning.

2.3.3

Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Systems and Specifications, Chapter PA 2. Systems and Specifications, Guide PA 3. SP 1, Solvent Cleaning. SP 2, Hand Tool Cleaning. SP 3, Power Tool Cleaning. SP 4, Flame Cleaning. SP 5, White Metal Blast Cleaning. PAGE 3 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97 8. 9.

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS SP 6, Commercial Blast Cleaning. SP 7, Brush Off Blast Cleaning.

GEMS V-1P0

10. SP 8, Pickling. 11. SP 9, Weathering Followed by Blast Cleaning. 12. SP 10, Near White Blast Cleaning. 13. SP 11, Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal. 14. VIS 1, Description of Visual Standard. 15. VIS 2, Guide to Standard Method of Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces. 2.3.4 Swedish Standards Institute (SSI) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 3. GENERAL 1. 2. 3. 4. Acceptable products are listed in GEMS V-1M. Thickness of coating or coating system shall be as specified by manufacturer. Additions or changes to specified types of coating systems shall be subject to approval. Systems are designed and selected on basis of a minimum 10 year life before: a. b. 5. 4. Topcoat breakdown of 5% to 10% (maximum) occurs. ASTM D 610/VIS 2 Rust Grade 4 is present. Sa 1, Brush Off Blast Cleaning. Sa 2, Commercial Blast Cleaning. Sa 2 1/2, Near White Blast Cleaning. Sa 3, White Metal Blast Cleaning. St 2, Hand Tool Cleaning. St 3, Power Tool Cleaning.

General conditions shall comply with GEMSGC.

DEFINITIONS 1. 2. Ambient conditions - Temperature, humidity, and dew point at jobsite. Coatings - Protective, decorative, or functional film applied to a surface. Such materials include paints, topcoats, varnishes, sealers, stains, washcoats, basecoats, enamels, and temporary protective coats. Shop painting - Coating of steel surfaces in shop or plant before shipment to erection site. Field painting - Onsite coating of new or rebuilt steel structures before, during, or after erection. Maintenance painting - Coating of previously coated steel structures in service that require touchup or recoating. Manufacturers instructions - Written instructions provided by coating manufacturer (or by coating specification). Boxing - Process of mixing coatings by pouring from one container to another. PAGE 4 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

DEC 97 8. 9.

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS

GEMS V-1P0

Severe environment - Location within 10 miles of coast/salt water or in presence of heavy industrial fumes/fallout. Moderate environment - Location in presence of low industrial fumes/fallout.

10. Mild environment - Location in rural or urban area with little or no industrial fumes/fallout. 5. SELECTION OF COATING SYSTEM Coating system shall be selected in accordance with Tables 1 and 2. 6. 6.1 HANDLING OF COATINGS General 1. 2. Coatings shall be delivered to shop or jobsite in the original, sealed, and undamaged containers. Containers shall be clearly marked or labeled to show: a. b. c. d. 3. 4. 6.2 Brand identification. Date of manufacture. Batch number. Information required by federal, state, or local law.

Coating containers shall remain unopened until required for use. Coating shall be used before its shelf life has expired.

Mixing of Coating Materials 6.2.1 General 1. Before application, paints shall be agitated until ingredients are completely mixed in accordance with manufacturers latest written recommendations. Unless specified otherwise, coatings may be mixed by hand or mechanical shakers and mixers. Paint materials that have exceeded manufacturers stated pot life shall not be applied or mixed into a new batch. Catalysts, thinners, and other additives shall be: a. b. 5. From same manufacturer as paint. Used only with paint manufacturers latest written recommendations.

2. 3. 4.

If ambient temperature, surface temperature, or paint temperature is below 50F, paints shall not be prepared for use, unless specifically permitted in manufacturers latest written recommendations. Paint materials shall be prepared for use in strict accordance with paint manufacturers latest written recommendations.

6.

6.2.2

Hand Mixing 1. 2. 3. 4. Containers shall not exceed 5 gallons. Most of vehicle shall be poured into clean container. Coating pigment shall be lifted from container bottom with broad, flat paddle. Lumps shall be broken up. PAGE 5 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97 5. 6. 6.2.3

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS

GEMS V-1P0

Pigment shall be thoroughly mixed with remaining vehicle. Poured off vehicle shall be returned to coating while stirring or boxing.

Continuous Agitation If specified by manufacturer, paint materials that have a tendency to settle rapidly shall be continuously agitated during application.

7. 7.1

SURFACE PREPARATION Standards Surfaces shall be prepared in accordance with standards listed in Table 3.

7.2

Abrasive Sizes Recommended abrasive sizes are listed in Table 4.

7.3

Inspection 1. Acceptability of abrasive blast cleaning quality shall be by either: a. b. 2. Visual examination using SSPC (VIS 1) or NACE standards. Copper sulfate test.

Copper sulfate test shall be conducted as follows: a. b. c. d. Brush or pour 10% solution of copper sulfate (blue vitriol) onto randomly selected test areas of prepared surface. For white abrasive blast cleaning, 99% of individual test areas shall as a minimum turn copper color within 15 seconds. For commercial abrasive blast cleaning, 50% of each test area shall as a minimum turn copper color within 15 seconds. Note: Contaminated portions of test area will appear in darker contrast to copper color.

3.

Areas of discoloration or dark contrast exceeding percentages of test area specified in paragraphs 2.a. and 2.b. shall be cause for rejection of surface preparation.

7.4

Metal Surfaces for Fireproofing 1. 2. 3. Ungalvanized metal surfaces to be fireproofed shall be cleaned per SSPC SP 10 before prime coat is applied. Abrasive blast cleaning may be performed either in shop or field, whichever is most practical or economical. Vessel Skirts a. b. Abrasive blasting and application of priming coat shall be performed after installation of crimped rod reinforcing. If paragraph 1. is not practical and involves extra cost: (1) (2) (3) Crimped rod shall be installed after abrasive blast cleaning and priming. Damaged coating shall be touched up. Second primer coat shall be applied.

PAGE 6 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97 7.5

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS

GEMS V-1P0

Pretreatments 1. 2. If specified, surface shall be pretreated prior to application of prime coat of coating. If chemical pretreatments are used, sufficient time shall elapse between pretreatment and application of primer to permit: a. b. 3. 4. 5. 6. Completion of chemical action. Surface to dry.

Two-component pretreatments shall be applied within specified interval after mixing. Proprietary pretreatments, if used, shall comply with manufacturers instructions. Inhibitive water washes to prevent rusting of cleaned surfaces prior to coating shall not be considered pretreatments. Inhibitive washes may be used only if they: a. b. Do not adversely affect adhesion of coating. Are specifically authorized.

7. 7.6 Wood 1. 2. 3. 7.7

Prior to coating entire surface, adhesion of coating shall be tested with test patches.

Wood surfaces shall be sanded and primed. Nail holes shall be filled with putty that is the same color as coating which will be used for finish coat. Sap streaks and knots shall be coated with shellac before top coating.

Brick, Tile, and Concrete 1. Brick, tile, concrete, cement, and cement plaster to be coated shall be prepared as follows: a. b. c. 2. Treated with solution of 3 to 4 pounds of zinc sulfate to 1 gallon of water. Solution shall be applied with bristle brush. Application shall be allowed to dry. Surface shall be brushed with stiff brush to remove any crystals.

Optional treatment of concrete surfaces shall be to wash surface with solution of ammonium carbonate. Wash solution shall be made by dissolving 10 pounds of ammonium carbonate in 45 gallons of water. Exterior brick, tile, concrete, and cement walls that are specified not to be coated shall be treated with two coats of clear silicone sealer. Mortar joints in new tile or brick walls to be coated shall receive thin coat of shellac or aluminum coating prior to priming. Wall primers, sealers, or sizing compounds shall be used on porous masonry surfaces to be coated after the pretreatment described to reduce adsorptiveness and porosity of such surfaces. a. b. Sealers shall be used on weatherproof cement surfaces and other porous material surfaces to be coated. Choice of wall primers, sealers, and sizing compounds shall be based on recommendation of manufacturer that furnishes coating. PAGE 7 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

3.

4. 5.

DEC 97 6. 7.

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS

GEMS V-1P0

Outside surface of concrete block or hollow clay tile walls to be coated shall be sealed with one coat of waterproofing. If finish color coats of coatings are specified, primers shall comply with recommendations of coating manufacturer furnishing coating.

8.

PARTS REQUIRING COATING AND FINAL COLOR 1. The following shall be as specified on data sheets: a. b. c. 2. Approved types of coating systems. Equipment, structures, etc., to which coatings shall be applied. Colors and types of coating for finish coats on typical facilities.

The following surfaces shall not be prepared, primed, or coated: a. b. c. d. e. f. Nonferrous metal surfaces, such as aluminum, copper, brass, or monel. Stainless steel (Austenitic), except as noted under insulation (see Table 1). Glass, tile, or ceramic surfaces. Aluminum jacketing on insulation. Nameplates. Machined surfaces and finished metal operating parts of machinery, valves, or other equipment, such as valve stems, shafts, and flange faces.

9. 9.1

APPLICATION Factors Affecting Application 9.1.1 Temperature 1. Coatings shall not be applied if: a. b. c. 2. Temperature of steel or coating is below 50 F (10 C). Temperature of air is below 50 F (10 C) or above 110 F (43 C). Surface temperature is expected to drop to 50 F (10 C) before coating has dried.

Coatings shall not be applied to steel that is at a temperature which will either: a. b. Cause blistering or porosity. Be detrimental to coating life.

3. 4.

For coatings applied in hot weather or thinned in cold weather, specified coating thickness shall be obtained. With chemically cured coatings, particular attention shall be devoted to manufacturer's special temperature requirements, usually 55 F (13 C) or above. Special coatings designed for use at temperatures below 32 F (0 C) shall be applied in strict accordance with manufacturer's instructions. PAGE 8 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

5.

DEC 97 9.1.2

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS Moisture 1. Coatings shall not be applied either: a. b. 2. 3. In rain, wind, snow, fog, or mist.

GEMS V-1P0

If steel surface temperature is less than 5 F (3 C) above the dew point.

Except for water thinned types, coatings shall not be applied to wet or damp surfaces. Coatings shall not be applied on frosted or ice-coated surfaces.

9.1.3

Humidity Manufacturers instructions shall be followed regarding acceptable humidity range for applying moisture-cured coatings.

9.1.4

Measure of Ambient Conditions Ambient conditions at the jobsite shall be measured: 1. 2. At beginning of each work day. Either every 4 hours thereafter or sooner if weather conditions appear to be changing.

9.1.5

Damage Damaged areas of coatings that are detrimental to service life shall be restored by: 1. 2. 3. Removing damaged coating. Preparing surface area for recoating. Recoating with same number of coats of same type as undamaged area(s).

9.1.6

Continuity 1. 2. To maximum extent practical, coat shall be applied as a continuous film of uniform thickness free of pores. Thin spots or areas missed in application shall be: a. b. Recoated. Permitted to dry before next coat is applied.

9.1.7

Thickness 1. Dry film thickness shall be determined in accordance with SSPC PA 2 (coating thickness is usually specified or implied) as a minimum. Unless specified otherwise, greater thickness that does not detrimentally affect coating appearance or service life shall be permitted. Except for inorganic zinc-rich coatings, required minimum thickness shall be achieved by adding coats as needed.

2.

3. 9.1.8

Recoating Time interval between coating applications shall comply with manufacturer's instructions.

9.1.9

Tinting 1. If successive coats of same color are specified, sufficient alternate coats shall be tinted (if practical) to produce contrast required to indicate complete coverage of surface. PAGE 9 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97 2.

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS

GEMS V-1P0

Tinting shall be performed in a manner that negates necessity for tinting final coat. a. b. c. If coating is color of steel, first coat shall be tinted. Tinting material shall be compatible with coating and not detrimental to service life of coating. To the extent practical or possible, coatings appropriately tinted and labeled by manufacturer shall be used.

9.1.10

Intercoat Adhesion 1. Undercoats with glossy surface that detrimentally affects adhesion of subsequent coat shall be treated by mild surface abrasion, solvent treatment, or other suitable processes. Treatment shall not cut through or detract from performance of underlying coating.

2. 9.2

Application Methods 9.2.1 General 1. 2. 3. 4. This section specifies brush, roller, air spray, and airless spray application methods. If no other method is practical, daubers or sheepskins may be used in areas of difficult access. Other application methods, if specified, shall comply with manufacturer's recommendations. To the extent possible, spray applications shall performed by airless spray method. References in specification to spray applications mean airless method (which is preferred over conventional air method). be this spray spray

9.2.2

Brush Application 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Wide, flat brushes, not to exceed 5 inches in width, shall be used on large flat areas. Round or oval brushes shall be used for rivets, bolts, irregular surfaces, and rough or pitted steel. Coatings shall be worked into crevices and corners. Runs or sags shall be brushed out. Brush marks left in applied coating shall be kept to a minimum.

9.2.3

Spray Application (General) 1. Spray application equipment shall: a. b. c. d. 2. Be suitable for intended purpose. Be capable of properly atomizing coating. Have suitable pressure regulators and gages. Be maintained in proper working condition.

During coating application, coating ingredients shall be kept uniformly mixed in spray pots or containers by either: a. Continuous mechanical agitation.

PAGE 10 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS b. 3. 4. Intermittent agitation as necessary.

GEMS V-1P0

Coatings shall be applied in a uniform layer with overlapping at edges of spray pattern. During application, spray gun shall be held: a. b. Perpendicular to surface. At distance which ensures that wet layer of coating is deposited on target surface.

5. 6.

Spray gun trigger shall be released at end of each stroke. Coating runs and sags shall be corrected by either: a. b. Brushing out immediately. Removing coating and recoating surface.

7.

Cracks, crevices, blind areas of rivets and bolts, and other inaccessible areas shall be coated by brush, daubers, or sheepskins. Hot coatings shall not be applied to cold surfaces. Cold coatings shall not be applied to hot surfaces.

8. 9. 9.2.4

Air Spray Application 1. Air caps, nozzles, and needles shall be those recommended by manufacturer of material being sprayed and equipment being used. Oil and condensed water shall be removed from air with traps or separators. Traps or separators shall be: a. b. 4. 5. 6. 7. Adequately sized. Drained periodically during operations.

2. 3.

Air from spray gun impinging against a clean surface shall show no condensed water or oil. Pressure on material in pot and of air at gun shall be adjusted for optimum spraying effectiveness. Pressure on material in pot shall be adjusted if necessary for changes in elevation of gun above pot. Atomizing air pressure at gun shall be: a. b. High enough to properly atomize coating. Not so high as to cause excessive fogging, excessive evaporation of solvent, and loss by overspray.

9.2.5

Airless Spray Application Airless or high pressure spray application of coatings shall ensure that: 1. 2. Manufacturers instructions regarding proper use of equipment are followed. Manufacturers recommendation for material being sprayed and equipment being used are observed: a. b. 3. Fluid tips shall have proper orifice size and fan angle. Fluid control gun shall be of proper construction.

Fluid tips are safety type with shields to prevent penetration of skin by high pressure coating stream. PAGE 11 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97 4. 5.

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS

GEMS V-1P0

Equipment has filters in high pressure line to eliminate dirt, dry paint, and other foreign materials. Air pressure for coating pump provides proper material pressure to gun for optimum spraying effectiveness. a. b. Pressure to gun shall be sufficient to properly atomize coating. Pressures considerably higher than necessary to properly atomize coating shall not be used.

6. 7. 9.2.6

During spraying, trigger of gun shall be held fully open to ensure proper coating application. Airless coating spray equipment shall be grounded to avoid buildup of electrostatic charge on gun.

Roller Application 1. 2. 3. Roller application may be used on flat or slightly curved surfaces. Roller application shall comply with coating manufacturer recommendations. Roller application shall not be used on irregular surfaces, such as rivets, bolts, crevices, welds, corners, and edges.

9.3

Galvanizing and Repair 1. 2. Galvanized structural steel shall not be coated. Galvanized coatings damaged during shipment and handling shall be field repaired by: a. b. 3. Thoroughly cleaning surface by hand. Applying one coat of epoxy zinc rich primer.

Repair coating shall be: a. b. Applied over damaged areas to thickness equal to that of adjoining galvanizing. Carefully blended with adjacent galvanized surfaces. Note: Galvanizing requirements are defined in GEMS S-1M.

4. 5. 9.4

Except if mounted on surfaces that require coatings, galvanized conduit shall not be coated. If not to be otherwise coated, damaged galvanized conduit surfaces shall be repaired with epoxy zinc rich primer.

Shop Painting 9.4.1 Applicability 1. 2. Except for Sections 9.5 and 9.6, this specification shall apply to shop painting. Unless specified otherwise, piping (straight lengths and shop fabricated spools), vessels, structural steel, and other equipment shall be prime coated in shop.

9.4.2

Number of Coats and Type of Coating 1. 2. Number of coats, type of coatings, and surfaces to be coated shall be as specified. Except for commodity equipment (valves, general purpose pumps, etc.) normally coated by manufacturer, coatings on PAGE 12 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS equipment and structures shall comply with this specification. 3. 4.

GEMS V-1P0

Except as noted in paragraph 4., commodity equipment shall have one field finish coat of designated color. Field finish coating shall not be required if manufacturers coating is: a. b. c. Undamaged. Acceptable in quality. Matched to specified color.

5.

Field finish coating shall be applied after fabrication and before surface is damaged by weather or other exposure.

9.4.3

Damage to Shop Paint 1. 2. Coating damaged by shipping and handling shall be repaired in field. Shop paint damaged in fabrication shall be repaired before leaving shop (see Section 10.2).

9.4.4

Contact Surfaces 1. 2. If contact surface is to be coated, first coat as a minimum shall be applied in shop. Unless specified otherwise, subsequent coats shall be applied in field before surfaces become inaccessible.

9.4.5

Requirements for Welding 1. Steel shall not be coated within 4 inches of areas to be welded if specified coating is: a. b. c. 2. Harmful to welding operator. Detrimental to welding operation. Detrimental to finished welds.

Shop welds and areas within 4 inches of such welds shall be cleaned in shop using surface preparation methods at least as effective as those specified for structure itself. As required in SSPC SP 1, welds shall cleansed of detrimental welding deposits by either: a. b. c. d. Blast cleaning. Thorough power wire brushing. Chemical scrubbing. Water scrubbing.

3.

9.4.6

Rust Preventive Compounds Machined surfaces that will not be coated shall be protected with rust preventive compound.

9.4.7

Erection and Material Identification Marks Erection and material identification marks shall be applied on areas that have been coated.

9.4.8

High Temperature Coatings 1. High temperature coatings required on shop fabricated equipment shall be shop applied. PAGE 13 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97 2. 3.

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS

GEMS V-1P0

Care shall be taken to minimize damage to shop applied primers during transportation and erection. Damaged areas shall be: a. b. Prepared in field. Recoated to original coating specification.

9.5

Field Painting 9.5.1 Applicability 1. Except for provisions in Section 9.6 and inapplicable provisions of Section 9.3, field painting shall comply with this specification. Steel stored pending erection shall be: a. b. 9.5.2 Kept free from contact with ground. Positioned to minimize water-holding pockets, soiling, contamination, and deterioration of coating film.

2.

Surface Preparation 1. 2. Previously applied shop coatings shall be dry and free of dirt, oil, or other contaminants. Manufacturer's instructions shall be followed if special surface preparation procedures are required before field coats are applied. Damaged areas of shop applied coatings shall be touched up in accordance with Section 9.5.3.

3. 9.5.3

Touch-up of Shop Painted Surfaces 1. 2. Unless specified otherwise, shop coated steel shall be touched up with same type of coating as shop coat. Touchup shall include cleaning and coating of: a. b. c. 3. Field connections. Welds. Damaged or defective coatings and rusted areas.

As determined by Purchaser, extensively damaged or defective coatings and rusted areas shall: a. b. Be cleaned. Receive one overall coat of primer for each shop coat in place of touchup or spot coating.

9.5.4

Field Painting Procedures 1. Vessels and equipment may be coated on ground before erection, provided touchup of damaged areas are coated with the same number of coats and kinds of coatings after erection. Surfaces of fabricated assemblies that are only accessible before erection shall be coated before erection. If possible, field coats shall have contrasting color to ensure total coverage and required dry film thickness (DFT). First field coat shall be applied: a. Within reasonable period after shop coat(s).

2. 3.

4.

PAGE 14 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS b. 5. 6.

GEMS V-1P0

Before weathering (and required touchup) of shop coat becomes excessive.

Final steel structures coating shall not be applied until all concrete work is finished. In addition to cleaning specified in Section 7, cement or concrete spatter and drippings shall be removed before coating is applied. Damaged surfaces shall be cleaned and recoated before final coat is applied. Wet coatings shall be protected against damage from dust or other detrimental foreign matter. Field welds and areas within 4 inches of welds shall be cleaned with surface preparation methods equivalent to or as effective as those specified for base material.

7. 8. 9.

9.6

Maintenance Painting 9.6.1 Applicability Except for applicable portions of Sections 9.4 and 9.5, maintenance painting shall comply with this specification. 9.6.2 Surface Preparation for Recoating 1. 2. Unless specified otherwise, only loose, cracked, brittle, or nonadherent coating shall be removed. Cleaning shall be performed 2 inches beyond damaged areas either: a. b. 3. 4. In all directions. Until tightly adhered coating is obtained.

If remaining paint is thick, exposed edges shall be feathered. Spot cleaning shall be conducted to minimize damage to sound coatings. a. b. Rust spots shall be thoroughly cleaned. Edges of old coatings shall be scraped back to sound material.

5. 9.6.3

Old coatings shall be removed from areas with excessive damaged or loose coating.

Incompatibility If coating curls or lifts after application of spot or priming coating: 1. 2. Coating shall be removed. Area shall be recoated.

9.6.4

Surfaces Previously Pretreated Unless specified otherwise, cleaned areas of surfaces known to have been pretreated with basic zinc chromate washcoat (wash primer) shall be similarly pretreated before prime coat is applied.

PAGE 15 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97 10. 10.1

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS

GEMS V-1P0

DRYING AND HANDLING OF COATED STEEL Drying 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Minimum drying time between coats shall comply with manufacturer's instructions. Maximum practical time shall be allowed for coat to dry before recoating. Coats that dry too hard for good adhesion of subsequent coats shall be recoated within manufacturers recommended time period. If not recoated within specified time, previously applied coatings shall be treated prior to recoating (see Section 9.1.10). Coatings shall not be force dried under conditions that cause checking, wrinkling, blistering, formation of pores, or detrimentally affect their protective properties. No drying agent shall be added to the coating unless specifically set forth in the manufacturer's instructions. To fullest extent possible, coatings shall be protected from rain, condensation, contamination, snow, and freezing until dry.

6. 7. 10.2

Handling 1. Except as necessary in turning for coating or stacking for drying, coated steel shall not be handled, loaded for shipment, or shipped until coating has dried. Coatings that are damaged in handling shall be: a. b. Scraped off. Touched up with same number of coats and kinds of coatings as were previously applied or specified.

2.

11.

FIELD STORAGE TANKS 1. 2. 3. 4. Unless specified otherwise, tank plates shall be abrasive blast cleaned and primed in shop. After fully cured, primed steel shall be stacked or loaded for shipment. To prevent damage between large plates, lathes shall be placed between plates at edge and at least two points between long end. Lathes shall as a minimum: a. b. 5. 6. 7. 8. Be 1 inch by 1 inch in size. Sufficiently long enough to cover 2/3 of shortest plate dimension.

Lathes shall be kept between plates during shipment and site storage. Primed pieces shall be handled carefully to prevent damage to shop applied primer. Plates shall not be dragged, dropped, or otherwise abused. After hydrostatic test is complete and water drained, tank shall be field coated.

12.

CLEANUP Upon completion of painting and special coatings defined in this specification, entire job shall be made ready for acceptance, including: PAGE 16 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97 1. 2. 3.

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS

GEMS V-1P0

Removal of painter's equipment, surplus materials, and debris from premises. Cleaning inside and outside of glass. Cleaning paint markings and overspray from other surfaces and fixtures.

13. 13.1

SAFETY General 1. Safety requirements and volatile organic chemical (VOC) limitations shall include: a. b. c. 2. 3. 4. Those stated in this specification. Applicable federal, state, and local rules and requirements. Instructions of coating manufacturer.

Proper safety precautions shall be observed to protect against flammability and potential toxicity of coatings. Safe handling practices shall be required and include SSPC PA Guide 3. Coating material shall be considered a health hazard if it can directly or indirectly cause injury or incapacitation, either temporary or permanent, from exposure by contact, inhalation, or ingestion. The following compounds shall be considered to be health hazards: a. b. c. d. e. Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether. Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether. Ethylene Glycol Monobuthyl Ether. Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether Acetate. Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Acetate.

5.

NOTE: This list does not include all hazardous chemicals that may be in coating products. 6. If products containing above compounds are used, coating applicators shall have appropriate personal respiratory and dermal protection. Crystalline Silica a. Silica sands and other naturally occurring blast materials may contain crystalline silica, which can lead to the lung disease silicosis. Strict adherence to safety procedures and use of respiratory protection shall be required to ensure safe use of blast materials containing crystalline silica in abrasive blasting work. Because of the hazard crystalline silica presents, silica sand or other blasting agents shall not contain more than 1% crystalline silica. Abrasive blasting of concrete structures may generate high crystalline silica exposures regardless of abrasive blasting material used.

7.

b.

c.

d.

PAGE 17 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97 13.2

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS

GEMS V-1P0

Open Air Respiratory Protection 1. For spraying coatings in open air, applicators shall wear NIOSH approved, full-face paint spray respirator to prevent eye contact with glycol ethers. Respirator cartridges shall have fabric prefilter followed by activated charcoal bed to prevent inhalation of vapors or mist.

2. 13.3

Confined Space Respiratory Protection 1. For spraying coatings in confined spaces, applicators shall wear NIOSH approved, full-face positive pressure, air supplied respirators. If vapor concentrations in confined spaces can reach levels immediately dangerous to life or health, applicators shall have 5 minute escape bottle as an alternative air supply should primary air supply be interrupted.

2.

13.4

Dermal Protection 1. 2. Applicators shall wear neoprene gloves and clothing as protection against skin absorption of glycol ethers. Because neoprene protection is diminished if material is abraded, cut, or otherwise deteriorated, protective clothing shall be: a. b. 3. Inspected frequently to ensure that integrity of materials is preserved. Rinsed off after each work shift to remove residual glycol ethers and prolong garment life.

Gloves or clothing that have become saturated or have remained in prolonged contact with liquid containing glycol ethers shall be discarded or replaced. CAUTION: Because of their hydrocarbon solvent content, some coatings specified herein may not comply with some air pollution regulations.

PAGE 18 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS

GEMS V-1P0

TABLE 1 SUBSTRATES AND APPLICABLE SYSTEMS

Continuous Temperature o F Carb. Steel-Factory Coated -20 to 150 151 to 400 401 to 750 751 to 1000 Carbon Steel-Fireproofed -20 to 150 Carbon Steel-Galvanized -20 to 150 Carbon Steel-Insulated -20 to 250 251 to 750 751 to 1000 Carb. Steel-Floating Roofs -20 to 150 Carbon Steel-Uninsulated -20 to 150 151 to 400 401 to 750 751 to 1000 Concrete-Formed Walls Ambient Concrete-Masonry Ambient Concrete-Poured Floors Ambient Drywall Ambient Stainless Steel-Insulated -20 to 250 251 to 750 751 to 1000 SS-Uninsulated -20 to 150 Wood Ambient Substrate LEGEND: A - Acrylic E - Epoxy O - Alkyd P - Polysiloxane S - Silicone U - Urethane X - None or By Manufacturer Z - Zinc Rich dft- Dry Film Thickness F - Fill HB - High Build (>3 mils) TF - Thin Film (<4 mils) WB - Water Borne Preferred System XEU-052 ZXS-302 ZXS-301 SXS-101H EXX-500 None EXE-505A ZXX-300 None EXE-505 EXU-502 ZXS-302 ZXS-301 SXS-101H EEU-152 AXA-F02 EEE-154 AAA-122 EXE-505A None None None AXA-202 Mild Environment Alternate Alternate #1 #2 XEE-054 XEA-052 ZXX-300 SXS-202 ZXX-300 SXS-101A PXP-101 EXE-303 Galvanize XZU-032 EXE-505P EXE-505N ZXP-301 PXP-101 EXE-504 ZXX-300 ZXX-300 PXP-101 EEE-154 EXA-502 SXS-202 SXS-101A EEA-152 Moderate Environment Preferred Alternate Alternate System #1 #2 XEU-055 XEE-054 ZXS-302 ZXX-300 SXS-202 ZXS-301 ZXX-300 SXS-101A SXS-101H PXP-101 EXX-500 EXE-303 Galvanize None XZU-032 EXE-505A EXE-505P EXE-505N ZXX-300 ZXP-301 None PXP-101 EXE-505 EXU-505 ZXE-304 ZXU-305 ZXS-302 ZXX-300 SXS-202 ZXS-301 ZXX-300 SXS-101A SXS-101H PXP-101 EEU-152 EEE-154 EEA-152 AXA-F02 EEU-F52 EEE-154 AAA-122 AEE-122 AOO-122 EXE-505A EXE-505P EXE-505N None SXS-101A PXP-101 None PXP-101 None EXE-504 EXU-502 AXA-202 EXE-202 OXO-202 Preferred System XEU-052 ZXS-302 ZXS-301 SXS-101H EXE-303 None EXE-505A ZXX-300 None EXE-505 EEU-552 ZXS-302 ZXS-301 SXS-101H EEU-152 EEU-F52 AAA-122 EXE-505A None None None EXE-202 Severe Environment Alternate Alternate #1 #2 XEE-054 ZXX-300 SXS-202 ZXX-300 SXS-101A PXP-101 EXX-500 Galvanize XZU-032 EXE-505P EXE-505N ZXP-301 PXP-101 ZEE-344 ZXX-300 ZXX-300 PXP-101 EEE-154 ZEU-342 SXS-202 SXS-101A

AEE-122 EXE-505P SXS-101A PXP-101 EXE-504 EXE-202

AOO-122 EXE-505N PXP-101 EXU-502 OXO-202

AEE-122 EXE-505P SXS-101A PXP-101 EXE-504 AXA-202

AOO-122 EXE-505N PXP-101 EXU-502 0X0-202

PAGE 19 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS

GEMS V-1P0

TABLE 2 SYSTEM NUMBERS AND DESCRIPTIONS

New Construction System Number AAA-122 AEE-122 AOO-122 AXA-202 AXA-F02 EEA-152 EEE-154 EEU-152 EEU-552 EEU-F52 EXA-502 EXE-202 EXE-303 EXE-504 EXE-505 EXE-505A EXE-505N EXE-505P EXU-502 EXU-505 EXX-500 OXO-202 PXP-101 SXS-101A SXS-101H SXS-202 XEA-052 XEE-054 XEU-052 XEU-055 XZU-032 ZEA-342 ZEE-344 ZEU-342 ZXE-304 ZXP-301 ZXS-301 ZXS-302 ZXU-305 ZXX-300 Surf. Prep. Sand Sand Sand Sand D4261 D4258 D4260 D4258 6 D4261 6 Sand 10 6 6 10 10 10 6 6 6 Sand 10 10 10 10 3 3 3 3 3 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Approx. DFT mils 4 4 4 4 15 8 10 8 12 25 7 4 6 9 10 10 10 10 7 10 5 4 3 3 3 4 7 9 7 10 5 9 11 9 7 4 4 5 8 3 Surf. Prep. Sand Sand Sand Sand SP 3 SP 3 SP 3 SP 3 SP 3 SP 3 SP 3 Sand SP 3 SP 3 SP 3 SP 10 SP 10 SP 10 SP 3 SP 3 SP 3 Sand SP 10 SP 10 SP 10 SP 10 SP 3 SP 3 SP 3 SP 3 SP 3 SP 3 SP 3 SP 3 SP 3 SP 10 SP 10 SP 10 SP 10 SP 10 Repair

Primer Acrylic, WB Sealer Acrylic, WB Sealer Acrylic, WB Sealer Acrylic, WB Primer Acrylic, Block Fill Epoxy, 100% Sealer Epoxy, 100% Sealer Epoxy, 100% Sealer Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, Block Fill Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, WB Epoxy, TF Primer Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, Amine Adduct Epoxy, Novolac Epoxy, Phenolic Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Alkyd, Primer Polysiloxane Silicone, Air Set Silicone, Heat Set Silicone, Acrylic By Manufacturer By Manufacturer By Manufacturer By Manufacturer By Manufacturer Zinc, Inorganic Zinc, Inorganic Zinc, Inorganic Zinc, Inorganic Zinc, Inorganic Zinc, Inorganic Zinc, Inorganic Zinc, Inorganic Zinc, Inorganic

Midcoat Acrylic, WB Gloss Epoxy, WB Alkyd, Primer

Epoxy, Epoxy, Epoxy, Epoxy, Epoxy,

HB HB HB HB HB

Surf. Surf. Surf. Surf. Surf.

Tol. Tol. Tol. Tol. Tol.

Topcoat Acrylic, WB Gloss Epoxy, WB Alkyd, Gloss Acrylic, WB Gloss Acrylic, WB Gloss Acrylic, WB Gloss Epoxy, HB Top Urethane, Acrylic Urethane, Acrylic Urethane, Acrylic Acrylic, WB Gloss Epoxy, WB Epoxy, TF Primer Epoxy, HB Top Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, Amine Adduct Epoxy, Novolac Epoxy, Phenolic Urethane, Acrylic Urethane, HB Top Alkyd, Gloss Polysiloxane Silicone, Air Set Silicone, Heat Set Silicone, Acrylic Acrylic, WB Gloss Epoxy, HB Top Urethane, Acrylic Urethane, HB Top Urethane, Acrylic Acrylic, WB Gloss Epoxy, HB Top Urethane, Acrylic Epoxy, HB Top Polysiloxane Silicone, Air Set Silicone, Acrylic Urethane, HB Top

Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Zinc, Epoxy Epoxy, HB Primer Epoxy, HB Primer Epoxy, HB Primer

Primer Acrylic, WB Primer Epoxy, WB Alkyd, Primer Acrylic, WB Primer Acrylic, WB Primer Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, WB Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, Amine Adduct Epoxy, Novolac Epoxy, Phenolic Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Alkyd, Primer Polysiloxane Silicone, Air Set Silicone, Heat Set Silicone, Acrylic Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Zinc, Epoxy Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Zinc, Inorganic Zinc, Inorganic Zinc, Inorganic Epoxy, HB Surf. Tol. Zinc, Inorganic

PAGE 20 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS TABLE 3 SURFACE PREPARATION STANDARDS

GEMS V-1P0

Standards SSPC SSPC SSPC SSPC SSPC SSPC SSPC SSPC SSPC SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP 1 2, 3, 4 5, 6, 7, 8 9 SSI St 2 SSI St 3 SSI Sa 3, NACE 1 SSI Sa 2, NACE 3 SSI Sa 1, NACE 4

Type of Preparation Solvent cleaning Hand tool cleaning Power tool cleaning Flame cleaning White metal blast cleaning Commercial blast cleaning Brush-off blast cleaning Pickling Weathering followed by blast cleaning Near white blast metal cleaning Power tool cleaning to bare metal Surface cleaning concrete Abrading concrete Acid etching concrete Surface cleaning concrete unit masonry for coating

SSPC SP 10, SSI Sa 2 1/2, NACE 2 SSPC SP 11 ASTM ASTM ASTM ASTM D D D D 4258 4259 4260 4261

PAGE 21 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL COATING SYSTEMS TABLE 4 RECOMMENDED ABRASIVE SIZE Anchor Pattern (mils) 1 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3-4

GEMS V-1P0

Silica Sand 30/60 mesh 16/35 mesh 16/35 mesh 8/35 mesh 8/20 mesh

Steel Grit G-80 G-50 G-40 G-40 G-25

Steel Shot S-110 S-170 S-230 S-280 S-330

Garnet 80 mesh 36 mesh 36 mesh 16 mesh 16 mesh

Aluminum Oxide 100 mesh 50 mesh 36 mesh 24 mesh 16 mesh

PAGE 22 OF 22 TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT