1

2
2

4
3
1
c

2
1

Fig. (a) Truss Element with Respect to Local Coordinate System

(b) Truss Element in Space with Respect to Local Coordinate System
(c) Truss Element in Space with Respect to Global Coordinate System

1
D1=1

D2=1

Cx Cy
[ Bm ] =
0
0

PLANE TRUSS
D3=1 D4=1

0 1

Cx Cy 2

4
3

2
D2 = 1

Cy

Cx

D1 = 1

DISPLACEMENT TRANSFORMATION MATRIX

=1

Cx2

Cy 4

D4 = 1

2
Cy

 AE
L
[ Km ] =
- AE
L

AE
L
AE
L

ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSS

0
Cx Cy 0
[ Bm ] =

0
Cx Cy
0

[Bm]T [Km] [Bm]

AE
= [K ] = L

[Km] [Bm] =

C x2
CxC y
-C

2
x

- CxC y

AE
L

- CxC y

C y2 - C x C y - C y2

2
- CxC y Cx
CxC y

2
2
- Cy
C x C y C y

CxC y

- C x2

Cx Cy - Cx - Cy

- C x - C y C x C y

3,4
2.
3.0m

2
.

4
.

3
5,6

7
5

11,12
.6

1,2

3.0m

7,8
4.

8
6

6
2

5
PLANE TRUSS
9,10
12
. 11

10
. 9
PLANE TRUSS

1 2 3

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

5 6 7

10 11 12

2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

10 11 12

3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

1 2 3 4 5

10 11 12

4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

10 11 12

5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

10 11 12

6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

10 11 12

7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

10 11 12

8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

10 11 12

9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

10 11 12

10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
9

2
.
11

2 3 4 5

4
8

8
2.
4. 9
7

4
6
5

6
.
5 3

12
.6

11

10
. 9
5

10 11 12

10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

2 3 4 5

10 11 12

10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

12x12 or 9x9

10 11 12

1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

6
0
0
0

0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

UPPER
HALF BAND
MATRIX

9x6

10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

2 3 4 5

10 11 12

Column matrix
35 X 1

1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

1 2 3

5 6 7

10 11 12

2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

10 11 12

3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

1 2 3 4 5

10 11 12

4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

10 11 12

5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

10 11 12

6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

10 11 12

7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

10 11 12

8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

10 11 12

9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

10 11 12

10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
9

2
.
11

2 3 4 5

4
8

8
2.
4. 9
7

4
6
5

6
.
5 3

12
.6

11

10
. 9
5

10 11 12

10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

2 3 4 5

10 11 12

10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

12x12 or 9x9

10 11 12

1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

6
0
0
0

0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

UPPER
HALF BAND
MATRIX

9x6

10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

2 3 4 55 6 7 8

35 x 1

1 3 6 10 15 21
2 5 9 14 20

4 8 13
19

7 12
18

17
11

16

26

25
24
23

22

10 11 12

30

29

28

27

35

34

33

32

31

Column matrix
35 X 1